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Attending to the Attentional Control Scale for Children: Confirming its factor structure and measurement invariance J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-15 Dana van Son, Carla E. Marin, Panagiotis Boutris, Yasmin Rey, Eli R. Lebowitz, Jeremy W. Pettit, Wendy K. Silverman
The Attentional Control Scale for Children (ACS-C) is a widely used self-report questionnaire that measures attentional control in youth. Previous research examined factor-structure and validation of the ACS-C and yielded a 2-factor structure with Attentional Focusing and Attentional Shifting subscales. This study used a confirmatory factor analysis in a large, ethnically diverse sample of clinic-referred
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Increased self-reported reward responsiveness predicts better response to cognitive behavioral therapy for youth with anxiety J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-15 Lesley A. Norris, Jonathan C. Rabner, Rebekah J. Mennies, Thomas M. Olino, Philip C. Kendall
Few consistent predictors of differential cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcome for anxious youth have been identified, although emerging literature points to youth reward responsiveness as a potential predictor. In a sample of youth ages 7–17 with a primary anxiety disorder (N = 136; Mage = 12.18 years, SDage = 3.12; 70 females; Caucasian n = 108, Black n = 12, Asian n = 4, Hispanic n = 5, other
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Psychometric Evaluation of the Adjustment Disorder New Module-20 (ADNM-20): A Multi-Study Analysis J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 Li Liang, Menachem Ben-Ezra, Edward W.W. Chan, Huinan Liu, Osnat Lavenda, Wai Kai Hou
The Adjustment Disorder New Module (ADNM) is a self-report instrument for assessing Adjustment disorder (AjD), but uncertainties remain in evaluating factor structure and psychometric properties of ADNM in previous studies. Three studies were conducted to examine the factor structure, psychometrics properties, and clinical utility of the 20-item version of ADNM (ADNM-20) and 4-item version (ADNM-4)
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Assessing Parental Cognitions about Child Anxiety: Are Parents’ Thoughts about Child Anxiety Associated with Child Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity? J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Sarah E. Francis, Emily Roemhild
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) or the fear of anxious symptomatology, has garnered support in both adult and child samples for its predictive validity of anxiety disorders. Recent efforts to identify familial factors that predict anxiety amongst youth have identified a construct similar to AS amongst parents, but instead focused on the child rather than on the self. The overarching goal of the present study
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Exposure Therapy in a Virtual Environment: Validation in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Alison J. Cullen, Nathan L. Dowling, Rebecca Segrave, Adrian Carter, Murat Yücel
Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the current first-line psychological treatment for Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, substantial inter-individual variability exists in treatment outcomes, including inadequate symptom improvements, and notable refusal and attrition rates. These are driven, in part, by impracticalities in simulating intrusive thoughts within clinical settings. Virtual
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Technology Supported Mindfulness for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The Role of Obsessive Beliefs J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-15 Lance L. Hawley, Neil A. Rector, Margaret A. Richter
The current study examined the association of OCD symptoms and OCD belief domains, for individuals engaged in Technology Supported Mindfulness training (TSM) using an EEG-based biofeedback device (called “Muse”) that permits individuals to engage in home based mindfulness meditation practices. In this randomized controlled study, treatment-seeking participants with a principal DSM-5 diagnosis of OCD
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From psychological to physical health: Exploring temporal precedence throughout emotion regulation therapy J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-15 Megan E. Renna, Mia S. O’Toole, David M. Fresco, Richard G. Heimberg, Douglas S. Mennin
Objective Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized, in part, by physical symptoms such as muscle tension and gastrointestinal (GI) distress. To date, little research has examined how changes in psychological symptoms associated with GAD may impact physical symptoms. This study investigated if reductions in worry, anxiety, and depression precede changes in muscle tension and GI distress throughout
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Early childhood temperament predicts intolerance of uncertainty in adolescence J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 Mariah T. Hawes, McKenna R. Farrell, Jessica L. Cannone, Megan C. Finsaas, Thomas M. Olino, Daniel N. Klein
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is the trait propensity to react negatively to uncertainty. To date, very few studies have explored early childhood predictors of IU. The current study identifies relations between child temperament assessed at age 3 (N = 559) and IU assessed at ages 12 (N = 432) and 15 (N = 415). Temperament was assessed through both laboratory observation (Laboratory Temperament Assessment
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Exploring ambivalent rape acknowledgment and posttraumatic stress symptoms among college women who have experienced rape: What’s in a name? J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 Alexandra J. Lipinski, Rivian K. Lewin, Bre’anna L. Free, Jacob G. Burkley, Rimsha Majeed, J. Gayle Beck
The present study explored rape acknowledgment among 131 college women survivors of rape utilizing three subgroups: acknowledged rape, unacknowledged rape, and ambivalent acknowledgment. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters and parameters of victimization and were compared between the subgroups. Of the participants, 28.2 % were classified as ambivalent rape acknowledgment, 49.6 % as
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Does complex PTSD predict or moderate treatment outcomes of three variants of exposure therapy? J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 Chris M. Hoeboer, Rianne A. de Kleine, Danielle A.C. Oprel, Maartje Schoorl, Willem van der Does, Agnes van Minnen
Background One reason for the inclusion of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) was its suspected relevance for treatment indications. We investigated whether CPTSD predicted and moderated treatment outcomes of Prolonged Exposure (PE), intensified PE (iPE) and Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation
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Moderators of PTSD Symptom Change in Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Group Present Centered Therapy J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 J. Gayle Beck, Joshua D. Clapp, William Unger, Melissa Wattenberg, Denise M. Sloan
To examine moderators of change during group-based intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), multilevel models were used to assess trajectories of symptom clusters in male veterans receiving trauma focused Group Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (gCBT; N = 84) or non-trauma focused Group Present Centered Therapy (gPCT; N = 91; Sloan et al., 2018). Separate models were conducted for symptom
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Fears of receiving compassion from others predict safety behaviour use in social anxiety disorder over and above fears of negative self-portrayal J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 Jolie T.K. Ho, Jessica R. Dupasquier, Molly L. Scarfe, David A. Moscovitch
Why do people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) engage in the use of safety behaviours? While past research has established that fears of negative self-portrayal are strongly associated with safety behaviour use in SAD, no research to date has investigated the potential role of fears of receiving compassion. Both types of fears could motivate those with SAD to engage in safety behaviours in order
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Internet-delivered exposure therapy versus internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-03-10 Eileen P. Stech, Aileen Z. Chen, Maria J. Sharrock, Ashlee B. Grierson, Emily L. Upton, Alison E.J. Mahoney, Jessica R. Grisham, Jill M. Newby
Aim To compare the efficacy and acceptability of internet-delivered exposure therapy for panic disorder, to multi-component internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) that included controlled breathing, cognitive restructuring and exposure. Methods Participants with panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, were randomized to internet-delivered exposure therapy (n = 35) or iCBT (n = 34)
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Evaluating the mediating effects of perceived vulnerability to disease in the relation between disgust and contamination-based OCD J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-03-10 Robert E. Brady, Christal L. Badour, Enat A. Arega, Joshua J. Levy, Thomas G. Adams
Contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is thought to develop and be maintained by excessive propensity to experience disgust, particularly in response to perceived contaminants, and dysfunctional threat appraisals pertaining to illness. The present studies attempted to integrate these lines of research by testing the degree to which contamination-based OCD is associated with individual
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Remote cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: A meta-analysis J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-03-16 Gene Efron, Bethany M. Wootton
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an established treatment for panic disorder (PD). Remote CBT (RCBT) is becoming increasingly popular and has the potential to enhance access to this treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of RCBT for PD using a meta-analytic approach. An electronic database search was used to identify relevant articles and the references of previously completed
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A systematic literature review of factor analytic and mixture models of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Enya Redican, Emma Nolan, Philip Hyland, Marylene Cloitre, Orla McBride, Thanos Karatzias, Jamie Murphy, Mark Shevlin
The 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11; WHO, 2018) describes two distinct trauma related disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). This review aims to summarise and synthesize evidence from factor analytic and mixture modelling studies that have investigated the latent structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire. A systematic
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Better Safe than Wealthy: Dysfunctional Risk Avoidance in Spider-Fearful Individuals J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Kristina M. Hengen, Georg W. Alpers
Previous research has documented that fearful individuals avoid fear-relevant cues even if they incur costs in doing so. Paradigms that were previously used to study avoidance in the lab, manipulated reward contingencies in favor of selecting either fear-relevant or neutral cues, e.g., spiders versus butterflies. We, thus, developed a paradigm where the chance of monetary gains was linked with increasing
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Longitudinal changes of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: The role of pre-existing anxiety, depressive, and other mental disorders J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Antonia Bendau, Stefanie Lydia Kunas, Sarah Wyka, Moritz Bruno Petzold, Jens Plag, Eva Asselmann, Andreas Ströhle
Especially individuals with mental disorders might experience an escalation of psychopathological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we investigated the role of anxiety, depressive, and other mental disorders for levels and longitudinal changes of COVID-19-related fear, anxiety and depressive symptoms during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In a longitudinal observational
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Patterns of exposure to potentially morally injurious events among Israeli combat veterans: A latent class analysis approach J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Gadi Zerach, Yossi Levi-Belz, Brandon J. Griffin, Shira Maguen
Objective Following exposure to events that transgress moral beliefs and expectations rooted in cultural, organizational, and group-based ethical rules, veterans can experience psychological, social, and spiritual problems referred to as Moral Injury (MI). We examined patterns of exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) among Israeli veterans as well as psychological and functional
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The comorbidity structure of fear, distress and compulsive disorders in an acute psychiatric sample J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Ivar Snorrason, Christopher C. Conway, Courtney Beard, Thröstur Björgvinsson
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), collectively referred to as compulsive disorders, have typically not been included in structural research on the internalizing spectrum due to low prevalence in community samples. The current study examined the higher-order structure of anxiety, depressive and compulsive disorders among patients in a psychiatric partial hospital
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The Nighttime Fears Scale: Development and psychometric evidence of a standardized self-report scale to assess nighttime fears in children J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-02-13 Mireia Orgilés, Iván Fernández-Martínez, José P. Espada, Alexandra Morales
Nighttime fears are highly prevalent in children and are linked to children’s distress and internalizing problems, especially childhood anxiety. Although its assessment may be critical, there is a lack of available standardized self-reports. This study aimed to describe the development and psychometric evaluation of the Nighttime Fears Scale (NFS), a new standardized self-report for assessing nighttime
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Social Anxiety and Empathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Merle-Marie Pittelkow, Marije aan het Rot, Lea Jasmin Seidel, Nils Feyel, Annelieke M. Roest
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between social anxiety and affective (AE) and cognitive empathy (CE). Methods 1442 studies from PsycINFO, Medline, and EMBASE (inception-January 2020) were systematically reviewed. Included studies (N = 48) either predicted variance in empathy using social anxiety scores or compared empathy scores between socially anxious
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Transdiagnostic emotion regulation processes explain how emotion-related factors affect co-occurring PTSD and MDD in relation to trauma J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 Loren M. Post, Eric Youngstrom, Arin M. Connell, Lori A. Zoellner, Norah C. Feeny
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) co-occur at high rates and greater disorder severity. Studies examining the contributions of specific emotion regulation (ER) processes and negative affect (NA) to PTSD and MDD co-occurrence are scarce. This study investigated a transdiagnostic understanding of the nature of PTSD and MDD co-occurrence by examining the
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Behavioral avoidance tasks for eliciting disgust and anxiety in contamination fear: An examination of a test for a combined disgust and fear reaction J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-31 Lauren Mancusi, Dean McKay
While research supports the role of disgust in contamination OCD, there is also an overlap with fear in motivating avoidance. The “heebie-jeebies” is an emotional response associated with fear and disgust that motivates avoidance of contact with skin-transmitted pathogens (e.g., parasites). This motivation aligns with characteristics of contamination OCD. From a screening of undergraduate students
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Characterizing the time course of automatic action tendencies to affective facial expressions and its dysregulation in social anxiety disorder J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Travis C. Evans, Charles T. Taylor, Jennifer C. Britton
Affective facial expressions elicit automatic approach or avoidance action tendencies, which are dysregulated in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). However, research has not dissociated the initiation and execution phases of automatic action tendencies, which may be distinctly modulated by affective faces and SAD. In Study 1, fifty adults completed a modified Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) that characterized
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Psychometric properties of the Self-Beliefs related to Social Anxiety (SBSA) scale in a sample of individuals with social anxiety disorder J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-24 Quincy J.J. Wong, Bree Gregory, Alice R. Norton, Bethany Shikatani, Kelsie A. Boulton, Michelle Torok, Melanie A. Porter, Lorna Peters, Maree J. Abbott, Martin M. Antony
The Self-Beliefs related to Social Anxiety (SBSA) scale assesses maladaptive social-evaluative beliefs, a key aspect in models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) that is frequently measured in research and clinical contexts. The SBSA has been evaluated psychometrically in student samples, but not in a large sample of individuals diagnosed with SAD. The current study tested the psychometric properties
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Understanding and managing pandemic-related panic buying J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-23 Steven Taylor
Pandemics are associated with panic buying (PB) of groceries and other supplies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, community leaders expressed frustration and bewilderment about PB. Psychological explanatory concepts, including those from social learning theory and the concept of the behavioral immune system, along with recent research, suggests the following account of pandemic-related PB. PB arises when
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Posttraumatic stress or posttraumatic growth? Using network analysis to explore the relationships between coping styles and trauma outcomes J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Jacqueline Peters, Benjamin W. Bellet, Payton J. Jones, Gwyneth W.Y. Wu, Li Wang, Richard J. McNally
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Latent class growth analyses reveal overrepresentation of dysfunctional fear conditioning trajectories in patients with anxiety-related disorders compared to controls J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Puck Duits, Johanna M.P. Baas, Iris M. Engelhard, Jan Richter, Hilde M. Huisman - van Dijk, Anke Limberg-Thiesen, Ivo Heitland, Alfons O. Hamm, Danielle C. Cath
Recent meta-analyses indicated differences in fear acquisition and extinction between patients with anxiety-related disorders and comparison subjects. However, these effects are small and may hold for only a subsample of patients. To investigate individual trajectories in fear acquisition and extinction across patients with anxiety-related disorders (N = 104; before treatment) and comparison subjects
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Efficacy of third wave cognitive behavioral therapies in the treatment of posttraumatic stress: A meta-analytic study J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Natasha Benfer, Elizabeth G. Spitzer, Joseph R. Bardeen
The purpose of the present study was to examine, via meta-analysis, the efficacy of third wave therapies in reducing posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. A secondary aim was to identify whether treatment efficacy was moderated by treatment type, treatment duration, use of exposure, use of intent-to-treat samples, and treatment format (i.e., individual, group, both). Risk of bias was also assessed.
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Reductions in social anxiety during treatment predict lower levels of loneliness during follow-up among individuals with social anxiety disorder J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Emily B. O’Day, Rachel M. Butler, Amanda S. Morrison, Philippe R. Goldin, James J. Gross, Richard G. Heimberg
Introduction Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at elevated risk of loneliness, yet little research has examined loneliness in this population. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) have demonstrated efficacy in treating SAD, yet research has not examined whether they lead to reductions in loneliness. Methods This sample comprised 108
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A network analysis of posttraumatic stress symptoms among help-seeking refugees in Kenya J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Samuli Kangaslampi, Ferdinand Garoff, Shannon Golden, Kirsi Peltonen
We analyzed the network structure of DSM-IV PTSD symptoms among 2,792 help-seeking Central and East African refugees in Kenya exposed to multiple, severe traumatic events and on-going stressors. To some extent, our results reproduced structures identified among clinical populations in Europe, including strong links within traditional symptom clusters, such as between avoidance of thoughts and situations
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The OCI-4: An ultra-brief screening scale for obsessive-compulsive disorder J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Amitai Abramovitch, Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Dean McKay
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and burdensome condition that is typically assessed using in-depth interviews or lengthy self-report measures. Accordingly, routine screening in busy non-mental health settings is impractical, and OCD is often under- (or mis-) recognized. We evaluated an ultra-brief version of a widely used self-report measure, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised
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tDCS-Augmented in vivo exposure therapy for specific fears: A randomized clinical trial J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Adam R. Cobb, Patrick O’Connor, Eric Zaizar, Kevin Caulfield, Francisco Gonzalez-Lima, Michael J. Telch
Exposure therapy is highly effective for anxiety-related disorders, but there is a need for enhancement. Recent trials of adjunctive neuromodulation have shown promise, warranting evaluation of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an augmentation. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, contamination- and animal-phobic participants (N = 49) were randomized to active tDCS (1.7 mA,
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: Outcomes From a Multi-State, Multi-Site Primary Care Practice J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Olivia E. Bogucki, Julia R. Craner, Summer L. Berg, Megan K. Wolsey, Stephanie J. Miller, Kileen T. Smyth, Marcia W. Johnson, John D. Mack, Sara J. Sedivy, Lisa M. Burke, Melissa A. Glader, Mark W. Williams, David J. Katzelnick, Craig N. Sawchuk
Background Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions. Individuals with anxiety typically seek services in primary, rather than specialty, care. While there is significant evidence supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders, there have been no naturalistic studies reporting anxiety-specific treatment outcomes in primary
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Reappraisal of disgust: Self-report and behavioural assessment of individuals with moderate to high contamination fears J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 Shiu F. Wong, Sandra Krause, David Marishel, Jessica R. Grisham
Previous research has linked certain psychological disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), to the experience of disgust and how it is interpreted/appraised. Therefore, the present study examined whether targeting primary and secondary disgust appraisals (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) in individuals with moderate to high OCD-relevant contamination fears can effectively reduce disgust
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Evaluating the psychometric properties of the intolerance of uncertainty scale for children in a preadolescent sample J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Nihan Osmanağaoğlu, Cathy Creswell, Sarah Snuggs, Suzannah Stuijfzand, Helen F. Dodd
Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a dispositional tendency to react negatively to uncertainty. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children (IUS-C) is designed to measure IU in children but there has been limited investigation into the psychometric properties of this scale. Using data from 227 preadolescent children and 204 parents, we examined (a) readability and whether any items were difficult
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Is disgust in obsessive-compulsive disorder mediated by fear of pathogens? J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Tal Eyal, Reuven Dar, Nira Liberman
Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to report higher levels of disgust, but not much is known about factors that might underlie this relationship. The present study was motivated by the behavioral immune theory, which suggests that disgust has evolved as a protective reaction to potential presence of disease agents in the immediate environment. We examined the relationships between
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Linking insomnia and OCD symptoms during the coronavirus pandemic: Examination of prospective associations J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Rebecca C. Cox, Bunmi O. Olatunji
There is considerable concern in the mental health community about the psychological consequences of the coronavirus pandemic and who may be most vulnerable. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms may be particularly sensitive to the context of the pandemic. Previous research suggests insomnia symptoms may contribute to increased OCD symptoms over time, particularly during times of stress, such
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Traumatic memories of childbirth relate to maternal postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Freya Thiel, Zohar Berman, Gabriella A. Dishy, Sabrina J. Chan, Himani Seth, Meghan Tokala, Roger K. Pitman, Sharon Dekel
The trauma memory is a crucial feature of PTSD etiology and maintenance. Nonetheless, the nature of memories associated with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) requires explication. The present study, as part of a larger project on psychological outcomes of childbirth, utilized a multi-method approach to characterize childbirth memories in relation to CB-PTSD symptoms. We here
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Psychometric properties of the PCL-5 in a sample of first responders J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Krystal Morrison, Shiyang Su, Michelle Keck, Deborah C. Beidel
Given that first responders experience elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide, there is a need for evidence-based assessments and treatments to accurately assess, diagnose, and evaluate treatment outcome. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in a sample of 133 firefighters/emergency medical technicians
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19: Turning a problem into an opportunity? J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Lena Jelinek, Steffen Moritz, Franziska Miegel, Ulrich Voderholzer
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted global measures to prevent infection. Experts assume that it is particularly affecting people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), especially those with washing compulsions. Data, however, are currently lacking. 394 participants with OCD (n = 223 washers) participated in an online survey. Change in severity of OCD symptoms, reasons participants reported for the
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Testing a gamified Spider App to reduce spider fear and avoidance J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-25 Anke Haberkamp, Hannah Walter, Phillipp Althaus, Matthias Schmuck, Winfried Rief, Filipp Schmidt
Mobile applications are increasingly part of mental health programs and various apps have been developed for treating anxiety disorders. Typically, they aim to improve anxiety symptoms via established CBT techniques, such as exposure principles, which are considered extremely unpleasant for fearful individuals. We combined in a mobile application exposure principles with gamification elements (e.g
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The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Linlin Yan, Yiqun Gan, Xu Ding, Jianhui Wu, Hongxia Duan
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was a great threat to the physical and mental health of the general population. Our research aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the initial outbreak. Furthermore, potential risks and protective factors, i.e., coping and boredom proneness, of stress-related emotional distress were also explored
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Responding to uncertain threat: A potential mediator for the effect of mindfulness on anxiety J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-25 Inka Papenfuss, Miriam J.J. Lommen, Christian Grillon, Nicholas L. Balderston, Brian D. Ostafin
Mindfulness-based interventions have gained extensive support for their application in the treatment of anxiety. However, their mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Excessive reactivity to uncertainty plays a central role in anxiety, and may represent a mechanism for the effect of mindfulness on anxiety, as mindfulness training fosters an open and accepting stance towards all aspects of experience
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Preliminary evidence for a relationship between prospective memory and PTSD symptoms in the general population J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Taylor L. Swain, Melanie K.T. Takarangi
Introduction PTSD sufferers often have problems with remembering the past, but do they also have trouble remembering tasks to be completed in the future? We argue characteristics of PTSD—such as negative appraisals and maladaptive strategies—might contribute to biased reporting of prospective memory failures among PTSD sufferers—or people with severe PTSD symptoms—within a general population. Methods
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Anxiety and safety behavior usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: The prospective role of contamination fear J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Kelly A. Knowles, Bunmi O. Olatunji
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has broadly increased anxiety and changed individual behavior. However, there is limited research examining predictors of pandemic-related changes, and the majority of existing research is cross-sectional in nature, which limits causal inference. Given functional links with disease avoidance processes, individual differences in contamination fear may be especially
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Evolution of the network pattern of posttraumatic stress symptoms among children and adolescents exposed to a disaster J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-25 Yiming Liang, Fenghua Li, Yueyue Zhou, Zhengkui Liu
Growing network approach analyses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have enhanced the knowledge of PTSD symptomatology. This study aims to explore changes in network patterns of PTSD symptoms among youth survivors following the Zhouqu debris flow through a network approach. A two-year longitudinal study was conducted to follow 1460 children and adolescents at 3, 15, and 27 months after the disaster
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Moderators of psychological and psychoeducational interventions for the prevention of anxiety: A systematic review J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Patricia Moreno-Peral, Juan Ángel Bellón, Emma Motrico, Henar Campos-Paíno, Carmen Martín-Gómez, David D. Ebert, Claudia Buntrock, Miquel Roca, Sonia Conejo-Cerón
The aim of this study was to assess the available evidence on potential moderators of psychological and psychoeducational interventions for the prevention of anxiety. A systematic review using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, OpenGrey, and CENTRAL was performed up to October 2019. Two independent researchers assessed the fulfillment of eligibility criteria, extracted the data and performed
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But first, coffee: The roles of arousal and inhibition in the resistance of compulsive cleansing in individuals with high contamination fears J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Hadar Naftalovich, Noa Tauber, Eyal Kalanthroff
Inhibition plays a crucial role in reducing intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, such as handwashing, in response to the feeling of disgust. The current study examines whether manipulating arousal can facilitate inhibition and the resistance of compulsive cleansing. Forty-seven participants with high contamination fears were recruited for this study. Participants were divided into a caffeine
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Threat and safety reversal learning in social anxiety disorder – an fMRI study J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Hannah S. Savage, Christopher G. Davey, Miquel A. Fullana, Ben J. Harrison
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been linked to maladaptive forms of fear regulation, including flexibly distinguishing between learned threat and safety signals. Few studies have examined this in young, unmedicated SAD patients, including its neural basis. We aimed to characterize the neural, subjective, and autonomic correlates of reversal learning in patients with SAD and compare them to matched
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Comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: The usefulness of a sequential treatment approach within a randomised design J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Samantha Angelakis, Nathan Weber, Reginald D.V. Nixon
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Behavioural Activation Therapy (BA) were used to treat individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Fifty-two individuals (48 women, 4 men) were randomized to CPT alone (n = 18), CPT then BA for MDD (n = 17), or BA then CPT (n = 17). Presenting trauma was primarily interpersonal (87 %). Participants were assessed
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Worry, Avoidance, and Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Network Analysis J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Steven Taylor, Caeleigh A. Landry, Michelle M. Paluszek, Geoffrey S. Rachor, Gordon J.G. Asmundson
Background Many psychological factors play a role in the COVID-19 pandemic, including various forms of worry, avoidance, and coping. Adding to the complexity, some people believe the threat of COVID-19 is exaggerated. We used network analysis to investigate how these diverse elements are interrelated. Methods A population-representative sample of 3,075 American and Canadian adults completed an online
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Elements of the therapeutic relationship in CBT for anxiety disorders: A systematic review J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Hoang K. Luong, Sean P.A. Drummond, Peter J. Norton
To optimise the effects of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders, research has increasingly focussed on understanding mechanisms of change. Specifically, the therapeutic relationship has been identified as a potential “active ingredient” of therapy. The evidence for the effects of eleven elements of the therapeutic relationship (alliance, collaboration, goal consensus, group cohesion
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Family accommodation mediates the impact of childhood anxiety on functional impairment J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Pedro Macul Ferreira de Barros, Natália Polga, Natalia Szejko, Eurípedes Constantino Miguel, James Frederick Leckman, Wendy K. Silverman, Eli R. Lebowitz
Background Anxiety disorders are the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders and are extensively associated with child functional impairment. Data suggest that family accommodation plays a role in the association between anxiety severity and functional impairment in children, but more empirical evidence is needed. Methods Participants were 425 clinically anxious children (ages 6–17 years)
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Test of the dynamic interplay between DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters in children and adolescents J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Gen Li, Li Wang, Chengqi Cao, Ruojiao Fang, Chen Chen, Xue Qiao, Haibo Yang, David Forbes, Jon D. Elhai
Background Revealing the dynamic interplay between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters has always been an important topic in traumatic stress studies. Based on longitudinal studies, different hypotheses have been proposed to explain PTSD symptom dynamics. But currently, no study have been conducted to test these hypotheses in children and adolescents. Methods Data were derived from
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Multifaceted impulsivity as a moderator of social anxiety and cannabis use during pregaming J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Jordan P. Davis, Nina C. Christie, Sheila Pakdaman, Justin F. Hummer, Jessenia DeLeon, John D Clapp, Eric R. Pedersen
Individuals may drink or use cannabis to cope with social anxiety, and drinking or using cannabis prior to social situations (e.g., pregaming) may be a way to limit the experience of anxiety when entering social settings. However, theoretical and empirical work has reported mixed associations between social anxiety and substance use, specifically alcohol and cannabis. Little work has looked at how
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Investigating the impact of masculinity on the relationship between anxiety specific mental health literacy and mental health help-seeking in adolescent males J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Laura H. Clark, Jennifer L. Hudson, Ronald M. Rapee, Katrina L. Grasby
Background Poor mental health literacy and greater alignment with norms of hegemonic masculinity are established barriers to mental health help-seeking in men. However, little is known about how these variables influence adolescent male help-seeking and in particular, help-seeking for anxiety disorders. This study investigated the relationship between i) anxiety mental health literacy, ii) alignment
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Working out the worries: A randomized controlled trial of high intensity interval training in generalized anxiety disorder J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Jens Plag, Paul Schmidt-Hellinger, Theresa Klippstein, Jennifer L.M. Mumm, Bernd Wolfarth, Moritz B. Petzold, Andreas Ströhle
Background Aerobic exercise (AE) demonstrated an overall medium treatment effect in anxiety disorders (AD) but there is evidence for an “intensity-response” relationship. High intensity interval training (HIIT) was highly effective on a range of (mental) health parameters. However, so far no randomised-controlled trial (RCT) investigated the efficacy of HIIT in AD. Methods 33 patients with generalized
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Pre-pandemic disgust proneness predicts increased coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors: Evidence for a diathesis-stress model J. Anxiety Disord. (IF 3.079) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Rebecca C. Cox, Sarah C. Jessup, Maxwell J. Luber, Bunmi O. Olatunji
Although health anxiety and corresponding safety behaviors can facilitate disease transmission avoidance, they can be maladaptive in excess, including during the coronavirus pandemic. Disgust proneness (i.e., tendency to experience and be sensitive to disgust) is one factor that may predict elevated coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors during the pandemic, given the role of disgust in avoiding
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