Abstract The article analyzes the sensitivity of unmatched receiving coil for the NMR scanner. Receiver of the scanner was investigated from the point of view of noise features. Theory of the noise figure has been modified to utilize the receiver for digitization of its own noise and the noise figure calculation. The resulting noise figure has been measured with different source impedances and the

Abstract The paper deals with a scientific approach for an increase of accuracy of measurement and possibilities for automation of the standard equipment for calibration and verification of float level gauges. They are applied in high-capacity fuel storage tanks, and they are intended to measure the level of stored liquid hydrocarbons. In the submitted paper, we describe original approaches towards

Abstract Although various measurement techniques have been applied to both qualitative and quantitative evaluation for the electromagnetic shielding performance of braided-shield power cables, the existing measurements cannot directly assess the low-frequency shielding performance (typically below 100 kHz) due to factors such as ground-loop effects and dynamic range problem in measurement. To solve

Abstract The slab model has been used for parameter estimation from the measurement performed by the Pulse Transient Technique. The estimation of thermophysical parameters was done on carbonate rock sample. In addition to basic thermal parameter for example thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, the slab model takes into account the heat capacity of the heat source, as

Abstract The paper discusses the derivation of an accurate coordinate measuring system consisting of two, three, or four sensors based on the records of four fixed laser triangulation sensors done for a gauge block in movement. Three-dimensional case is considered. In the simulations, using a set of distances quadruplets, parameters of sensors in a local sensors coordinate system are determined through

Abstract In digital volume correlation (DVC), random image noise in volumetric images leads to increased systematic error and random error in the displacements measured by subvoxel registration algorithms. Previous studies in DIC have shown that adopting low-pass pre-filtering to the images prior to the correlation analysis can effectively mitigate the systematic error associated with the classical

Abstract This paper deals with a time-frequency analysis of the measured partial discharge (PD) currents in different insulation gases. These gas environments consist of a pure SF6 (sulphur-hexafluoride) and sulphur-hexafluoride and nitrogen (1 % SF6 + 99 % N2) mixture, under both positive and negative lightning impulse (LI) voltage stresses. In this study, the short time Fourier transform was used

Abstract The generalized maximum likelihood algorithm is introduced for detecting the abrupt change in the band center of a fast-fluctuating Gaussian random process with the uniform spectral density. This algorithm has a simpler structure than the ones obtained by means of common approaches and it can be effectively implemented on the base of both modern digital signal processors and field-programmable

Abstract The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow induced by a corona discharge has an important influence on the movement and collection of fine particles in an electrostatic precipitator. In this paper, three-dimensional particle image velocimetry (3D-PIV) is used to investigate the impact of different primary flow velocities and applied voltage on diffusion and transport of the spiked tubular electrode

Abstract This paper focuses on the problematic of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, performed by non-invasive methods. More specifically, the devices that are connected with the presented finding are non-contact tonometers that use concentrated air stream and optical sensors to determine the IOP within a human’s eye. The paper analyzes various influential factors that have an effect on the determination

Abstract An active-vision process is presented by the affine invariability of the ratio of triangle areas to reconstruct the 3D object. Firstly, a plate with the triangle array is designed in the same plane of the planar laser. The image of the plate is rectified from the projection space to the affine space by the image of the line at infinity. Then the laser point and the centroids of the triangles

Abstract The article presents an analysis of the dynamic error occurring when processing a stochastic signal in an inertial measurement system. The problem was illustrated using both a calculation and a laboratory example. The technique of conditional averaging of signals was used in the experiment. The possibility to minimize the root mean square value of the error as well as the need for a time correction

Abstract This article addresses the method of sensing mechanical quantities, in particular force and pressure, without the electrical connection of the sensing element and the electronics. The information about the mechanical quantity is transmitted only by evaluating the changes in the electromagnetic field created around the sensor. The sensor is designed on the basis of a flexible micro-electro-mechanical

Abstract A method for surface analysis of cold rolled sheets is proposed in this paper. The approach is based on a low-cost specially built camera system followed by spectral analysis of the data captured from metal surfaces. The focus is on the changes in the surface topography caused by cold rolling with emphasis towards periodicities in the processed surface. Angular profile of the spectrum is calculated

Abstract The three-dimensional (3-D) micro-scale surface imaging system based on the digital fringe projection technique for the assessments of microfiber and metric screw is presented in this paper. The proposed system comprises a digital light processing (DLP) projector, a set of optical lenses, a microscope, and a charge coupled device (CCD). The digital seven-step fringe patterns from the DLP projector

Abstract Analysis of changes in the brain neural electrical activity measured by the electroencephalogram (EEG) plays a crucial role in the area of brain disorder diagnostics. The elementary latent sources of the brain neural activity can be extracted by a tensor decomposition of continuously recorded multichannel EEG. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is a powerful approach for this purpose. However

Abstract A linearized model of frequency measurement for the Free Induction Decay (FID) signal is proposed to increase the Proton Magnetometer (PM) precision. First, the nonlinear model of frequency measurement is set up according to the characteristic of the FID signal. Then, according to the error analysis of the MCFM method, the model is linearized on the condition of precision requirement. Furthermore

Abstract Presented paper is focused on the experimental and computational study of fluid flow in pipes with flexible walls. One possible real example of this phenomenon is the blood flow in arteries or their substitutes in the human body. The artery material itself should be understood as anisotropic and heterogeneous. Therefore, the experiment was carried out on the deforming tube, made of silicone

Abstract Velocity is an important parameter for fluid flow characteristics in profile logging. Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) technology is often used to study the flow characteristics of oil wells with low flow velocity and high water cut, and the key to PTV technology is particle matching. The existing particle matching algorithms of PTV technology do not meet the matching demands of oil drops

Abstract This paper is focused on the nonlinear state estimation problem with finite-step correlated noises and packet loss. Firstly, by using the projection theorem repeatedly, the mean and covariance of process noise and measurement noise in the condition of measurements before the current epoch are calculated. Then, based on the Gaussian approximation recursive filter (GASF) and the prediction compensation

Abstract The paper presents a matrix approach to the propagation of uncertainties in the realization of the ITS-90 using Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRT) calibrated at Defining Fixed Points (DFPs). The procedure allows correlations to be included between SPRT resistances measured during the calibration at the DFPs (i.e., the realization of the ITS-90) and the resistances measured during

Abstract The article presents the modified structure of the two-level digital frequency synthesizer (TLDFS), which combines the properties of classical digital frequency synthesizers (DFS) and Poisson pulse sequence generators (PPSG). The analysis of the statistical characteristics of synthesizer output signal, obtained in computer modelling with the use of appropriate software, has been carried out

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine inter-reliability, concurrent validity, and interchangeability of the SMS HG dynamometric system and a Jamar digital dynamometer for hand grip strength measurements performed in two relevant positions of the elbow joint, i.e. 90 ° flexion and 180 ° (full) extension. The sample in this research consisted of 61 participants and included 27 women and 34 men

Abstract Lungs are used as an attractive possibility for administration of different therapeutic substances for a long time. An innovative method of such administration widely studied nowadays is the application of aerosolized magnetic particles as the carriers to the lungs in the external non-homogeneous magnetic field. For these reasons we have studied dynamics of such a system on a level of particle

Abstract In this study, an estimation algorithm based on a two-stage Kalman filter (TSKF) was developed for wind speed and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) motion parameters. In the first stage, the wind speed estimation algorithm is used with the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and dynamic pressure measurements. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is applied to the system. The state vector is composed

Abstract The linear regression model requires robust estimation of parameters, if the measured data are contaminated by outlying measurements (outliers). While a number of robust estimators (i.e. resistant to outliers) have been proposed, this paper is focused on estimating the variance of the random regression errors. We particularly focus on the least weighted squares estimator, for which we review

Abstract The traditional wind tunnel strain balance design cycle is a manual iterative process. With the experience and intuition of the designer, one solution that meets the design requirements can be selected among a small number of design solutions. This paper introduces a novel software integration-based automatic balance design optimization system (ABDOS) and its implementation by integrating

Abstract Omnia in mensura et numero et pondere disposuisti is a famous Latin phrase from Solomon’s Book of Wisdom, dated to the mid first century BC, meaning that all things were ordered in measure, number, and weight. Naturally, the wisdom is appearing in its relation to man. The Wisdom of Solomon is understood as the perfection of knowledge of the righteous as a gift from God showing itself in action

Abstract The fringe projection profilometry with sinusoidal patterns based on phase-shifting algorithms is commonly distorted by the nonlinear intensity response of commercial projector. In order to solve this issue, sinusoidal width modulation is presented to generate binary sinusoidal patterns for defocusing the projection. However, the residual errors in the phase maps are usually notable for highly

Abstract In the non-contact detection of thread profile boundary correction, it remains challenging to ensure that the thread axis intersects the CCD camera axis perpendicularly. Here, we addressed this issue using modified algorithms. We established the Cartesian coordinate system according to the spatial geometric relationship of the thread. We used the center of the bottom of the thread as the origin

Abstract The statistical calibration problem treated here consists of constructing the interval estimates for future unobserved values of a univariate explanatory variable corresponding to an unlimited number of future observations of a univariate response variable. An interval estimate is to be computed for a value x of an explanatory variable after observing a response Yx by using the same calibration

Abstract The maximum likelihood algorithm is introduced for measuring the unknown moment of abrupt change and bandwidth jump of a fast-fluctuating Gaussian random process. This algorithm can be technically implemented much simpler than the ones obtained by means of common approaches. The technique for calculating the characteristics of the synthesized measurer is presented and the closed analytical

Abstract The article presents results of comparison of the thermal converter of nominal input voltages equal to 10 V from the set of Polish National AC voltage standards, maintained at the Central Office of Measures in Warsaw, with the primary AC voltage 5 V standard, developed and maintained at the AC-DC Transfer Laboratory of the Department of Measurement Science, Electronics and Control at the Faculty

Abstract The article deals with a special method of measuring the maximum deviation of objects from roundness based on the inverse kinematics principle. The inverse measurement mechanism is based on the immobility of the measuring probes and the object performing all the motions required to measure a dimension. The advantage of this principle is minimization of the temperature change, while the adverse

Abstract The characterization of surface micro-roughness is investigated by using off-specular measurements of polarized optical scattering. In the measurement system, the detection angles of optical scattering are defined by the vertical and level scattering angles. The rotating mechanism of angles is controlled by stepper motors. Waveplate and polarizer are used to adjust light polarization and detection

Abstract Nowadays detection of deterioration of electrical motors is an important topic of research. Vibration signals often carry diagnostic information of a motor. The authors proposed a setup for the analysis of vibration signals of three-phase induction motors. In this paper rotor fault diagnostic techniques of a three-phase induction motor (TPIM) were presented. The presented techniques used vibration

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an internationally accepted form of treatment option for selected patients with Parkinson’s disease and dystonia. Intraoperative extracellular microelectrode recordings (MER) are considered as the standard electrophysiological method for the precise positioning of the DBS electrode into the target brain structure. Pre-processing of MERs is a key phase in clinical

Abstract Recently there has been great interest in photoplethysmogram signal processing. However, its minimally necessary sampling frequency for accurate heart rate variability parameters is ambiguous. In the present paper frequency-modulated 1.067 Hz cosine wave modelled the variable PPG in silico. The five-minute-long, 1 ms resolution master-signals were decimated (D) at 2-500 ms, then cubic spline

Abstract Au/Pt thermocouples are considered as an alternative to High Temperature Platinum Resistance Thermometers and are one of the prime candidates to replace them as the interpolating instrument of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) in the temperature range between about 660 °C and 962 °C. This work presents the results of investigation of two Au/Pt thermocouples that used exclusively

Abstract In practice, measurement results are sometimes described by an estimate, which is not the best one as defined in the GUM. Such alternative estimates arise when the result of a measurement is not corrected for all systematic effects. No recommendation exists in the GUM for associating an uncertainty with an uncorrected estimate. A common choice in guidelines and in the literature is the uncertainty

Abstract More and more EMC tests have shown that the radiated emission problems of the equipment under test mainly concentrate on the intercon- nected power cables and cable connectors. Measurement of shielding performance is a prerequisite for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the frequency-dependent characteristic of braided-shield power cables and cable connectors. Due to the asymmetric

Abstract Fault prognosis plays a key role in the framework of Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM). Limited by the inherent disadvantages, most traditional intelligent algorithms perform not very well in fault prognosis of hydraulic pumps. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, a novel methodology for fault prognosis of hydraulic pump based on the bispectrum entropy and the deep belief network is

Abstract Error due to inhomogeneity is the main problem of thermocouples (TCs), e.g., during the operation of a type K TC, this error can reach 11-30 °C. Thus, metrological reliability of TCs is threatened by this error because there is a high risk of exceeding the permissible error when the temperature distribution along the TC legs changes. Such a large error, in turn, can threaten a proper operation

Abstract The contribution is focused on investigating the heat transfer via natural convection which originated as an effect of changed air density by heating the horizontal sample in the area given. For this research we used samples of a new material made in the Russian Federation – the foam concrete which was reinforced by PET fibres. The samples were heated by an electric heating device from the

Abstract The uncertainty of measurements associated with the following correction methods: advanced correction of additive linear drift, correction of additive and multiplicative effects, as well as joint correction of a linear drift and systematic additive and multiplicative effects is analyzed in the present article. For each correction method sensitivity coefficients and amplitude responses according

Abstract Motor-driven machines, such as water pumps, air compressors, and fans, are prone to fatigue failures after long operating hours, resulting in catastrophic breakdown. The failures are preceded by faults under which the machines continue to function, but with low efficiency. Most failures that occur frequently in the motor-driven machines are caused by rolling bearing faults, which could be

Abstract We discuss and compare the results obtained from experimental measurements of a two-layer, Ni and TiO2 nanometric structure deposited on siliceous glass. Utilizing previous theoretical models of multilayers or periodic systems and their verifications, the paper focuses on measurement in the NIR, visible, UV, X-ray, and gamma bands of the electromagnetic spectrum; the wavelength of the incident

Abstract The paper aims to select a simple and effective damage index for estimating the extent of damage of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube (RCFT) structures subjected to ground motions. Two experimental databases of cyclic tests conducted on RCFT columns and frames are compiled. Test results from the database are then used to evaluate six different damage indices, including the ductility ratio

Abstract In this paper, a hybrid time-base (HTB) device for the coherent sampling oscilloscope is presented. The HTB device makes it possible to reduce the uncertainty of determining the time position of the sample in the horizontal channel of the sampling oscilloscope. For its functioning, the proposed HTB device requires that the system-under-test, in addition to the test signal, also has a synchronous

Abstract The spindle vibrations of the high-speed grinding motorized spindle largely determine the machining quality and precision. In order to accurately predict the spindle vibrations of the PMSM high-speed grinding motorized spindle, the vibration causes are explored and analyzed. The radial vibration, inclined vibration, and axial vibration model are established. The experimental modal analysis

Abstract The article presents a theoretical analysis of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and experimental measurement of effects of radiation and acoustic emission of high-voltage transformers for electronic equipment and working personnel in a control room. Electromagnetic compatibility and safety of equipment are not considered as two distinct areas of study in electric and electronic safety.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the ECG signal, obtained from a telemetric body-sensor device during a maximum stress test on an ergometer. Twenty-three subjects, 13 males, were included in the study (20.56±1.19 years). Two different sensor positions were verified on each subject by the concurrent use of two ECG sensors. Each subject participated in four exercise stress

Abstract Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are frequently contaminated by ocular, muscle, and cardiac artefacts whose removal normally requires manual inspection or the use of reference channels (EOG, EMG, ECG). We present a novel, fully automatic method for the detection and removal of ECG artefacts that works without a reference ECG channel. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is applied to the

Abstract The paper presents the developed complex Digital Signal Processing algorithm for the reduction of white and 1/f noise and processing of the measurement signals of the Settling Time Measurement of the Digital-to-Analog Converters. The results show that the proposed DSP algorithm ensures 100-fold suppression of the white noise and 1/f noise. It was shown that it is possible to measure settling

Abstract According to the characteristics of stable single-phase flow, a phase difference measurement method based on the extended Kalman filter is proposed in this paper for use with Coriolis mass flowmeters. Firstly, the Mallat algorithm is applied to filter out interference signals. Then, the frequency and phase difference of the two reconstructed signals are detected through the extended Kalman

Abstract In eddy current testing, probe-coils with the E-type pot core are commonly used for detecting defects in test objects. In this paper, an analytical mathematical model of such a probe placed above a two-layered conductive material with a surface hole has been presented. The final formulas in the closed form that make it possible to calculate the coil impedance were worked out using the truncated

Abstract In a previous paper, the author has introduced and studied a new algebraic structure which accurately describes the algebra underlying quantity calculus. The present paper is a continuation of that one, which extends the purely algebraic study by adding two more ingredients: an order structure and a topology. The goal is to give a solid justification of dimensional analysis and differential

Abstract The paper presents an evaluation of the combined relative uncertainty of the result of direct step temperature measurements aimed at evaluation of the indirect measurements of the specific thermal capacity of the heat insulating concrete by means of a pair of resistive cable thermometers fitted with Pt100 temperature sensors and integrated into a computer-controlled calorimetric chamber. In

Abstract NO2 and H2 gas sensing by few-layer graphene (FLG) were studied in dependence on the annealing and decoration of graphene by palladium nanoparticles (NPs). Graphene was deposited onto SiO2 (500 nm)/Si substrates by a modified Langmuir-Schaefer technique. A solution of FLG flakes in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was obtained by a mild sonication of the expanded milled graphite. FLG films were characterized

Abstract An original method for time delay estimation is presented. It is based on changing input signals into cumulative ones, followed by determination of inflection points of cumulative curves, and estimation of time delay as time difference of these points’ occurrences. To determine the inflection points, a suitable algorithm is proposed. The preliminary results show that the proposed method is