An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106378422102016X

Abstract We have analyzed the possibility of improving deformation–force properties of ring-shaped drives made of titanium nickelide and operating in the regime of two-way shape memory effect (TWSME). For this purpose, thermocycling of an oval sample was used with the transformation of the material from the low-temperature martensite phase to the high-temperature austenite phase in free state and cooling

Abstract The initial composition and chemical state of nanopowder primary particles obtained by grinding natural diamond and detonation synthesis have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been shown that the primary particles of both nanopowders contain mainly carbon and oxygen atoms. The signals from nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, and metal atoms in the photoelectronic spectrum do

Abstract We consider the regularities of a plastic flow in materials with strain-induced phase transformation in titanium nickelide and trip steel as examples. The experimental analysis of plastic deformation processes has been carried out using the technique of digital correction of speckle images, which makes it possible to describe quantitatively the behavior of plasticity fronts associated with

Abstract Generation processes of a photoacoustic response of a layered polyethylene/hydrogel structure by its irradiation with periodically modulated light have been experimentally studied. The heat sources are located in a gel near the interface with polyethylene. The response in the form of the pressure oscillations occurs as a result of the thermoelastic strain of the polyethylene layer by its

Abstract The ideas of pseudogap and nanocrystals have applied to mechanism of electrical conduction in silicate glass doped by oxides of transition metals (thick film resistors). Pseudogap is formed near the valence band of the glass due to diffusion of dopant atoms into the glass in calcination. Nanocrystals are generated in the glass in melting process and undergo structure transitions at high temperatures

Abstract The effect of a high-frequency discharge on the change in the topography of the surface of KU-1 optical quartz and transmission of visible light (400–1000 nm) is studied. The working gases of the discharge are D2 and a D2/N2 mixture, in which the fraction of N2 is 25 mol %. The addition of nitrogen increases the rate of sputtering from 60 to 300 nm/h without changing the stoichiometry of the

Abstract A model of a thermal vacuum system (thermostat) for regulation and stabilization of temperature of the primary mirror of a cooled optical collimator for carrying out tests of optoelectronic equipment operating in the infrared region is designed. An original method for solving the system of nonlinear equations of radiative heat transfer in a thermostat is developed, and the uniformity of the

Abstract The influence of nonconductive disk-shaped inclusions (cracks) on the dc conductivity of a conducting medium has been considered. The functional dependences of an additional relative resistivity of the material on cracking factor (joining ratio) have been found for thin and thick samples. It has been found that the cracking-induced additional relative resistivity of a thick conducting material

Abstract Experiments on the giant magnetoresistance effect observed in microwave reflection have been conducted in the frequency range of 26–38 GHz on (CoFe)/Cu superlattices exhibiting giant magnetoresistance. The amount of the effect has been determined (up to +3% maximum), and its magnetic field dependence has been found. The microwave reflection coefficient versus magnetic field dependence has

Abstract We report on results of investigation into the structure of a plasma jet generated by a coaxial plasma accelerator with conical insert in the discharge formation region. Using high-speed optoelectronic camera, we detected an inhomogeneous structure of glowing fractions of argon and deuterium jets. It was found that the jet radiation intensity oscillates with a characteristic frequency of 0

Abstract Atomic-force microscopy methods were used to study specimens of cathodes of multiwire proportional chambers subjected to a long-term exposure to a β-source 90Sr in the course of laboratory longevity tests. The changes in the surface morphology of the copper foil at the detector cathode that have occurred as a result of action of an electron beam have been described. The quantitative estimate

Abstract Different models of hydrogen thermal desorption peaks have been analyzed. The model of volume-averaged concentration dynamics with a continuum parameter makes it possible to integrally take into consideration the dominance of limiting factors: diffusion and recombination of atoms into desorbing molecules. An analytical symmetry criterion for peaks versus the method of expanding a composed

Abstract Results of simulation, synthesis, and investigation of a double-resonance plasmon structure for excitation of different modes of surface plasmon–polaritons are presented. It is shown that a combination of the Kretschmann and Otto configurations on a single asymmetric multilayer structure can be used for excitation of the plasmon–polariton resonances. Parameters of such a structure are optimized

Abstract In the case of a severe accident at a nuclear power plant with light-water reactors, the most effective method for localization of the formed melt (corium) is its retention in the cooled reactor vessel whose integrity depends on the heat flux from the melt to the vessel. One of the critically important processes in this case is the oxidation of the melt by water vapor or air–vapor mixture

Abstract The gradient heat flux sensor made of a bismuth single crystal is calibrated. The volt–watt sensitivity of the sensor is determined and the method of data processing based on the 1D heat conduction equation for a thin plate is proposed. This method is tested on experimental data obtained for the initiation of a laser discharge in a calm atmosphere and in a supersonic gas flow.

Abstract A 2D problem of electromagnetic plane wave scattering by 1D-periodic structures with cylindrical elements of electromagnetic black hole type arranged on a semi-infinite substrate is considered. Two algorithms corresponding to the cases of E- and H-polarization are developed on the basis of the hybrid projection method with accounting for refractive index distributions in the black holes of

Abstract The evolution of a microsecond pulsed barrier discharge initiated in atmospheric pressure air in the point–plane electrode geometry has been investigated using streak camera photorecording and shadow photography with micrometer resolution and nanosecond exposure. It has been shown that the discharge develops in series and its structure evolves both within a series and from series to series

Abstract Sensitivity of sensors of aqueous solutions in which a terahertz signal is reflected from a structure consisting of a dielectric film and solution is studied. The maximum sensitivity is reached at angles of incidence and radiation frequencies that provide zero reflection of monochromatic radiation from the specified structure. Conditions for such reflection are determined for the s- and p-polarized

Abstract This review presents the author’s view on modern trends in the development of charged particle accelerators for various applications, which is based on his own experience in this research field. The most promising, in the author’s opinion, areas of application of resonance accelerators are shown, in which substantial progress has been made by using new technologies. The use of high-gradient

Abstract The dynamics of synthesis and accumulation of protoporphyrin IX induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was studied using confocal fluorescence microscopy in three established cell lines: immortalized cells originated from human tumor tissues—epithelial carcinoma (HeLa cells) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549 cells)—and immortalized fibroblast-like mouse embryo cells (3T3 line). The accumulation

Abstract The evolution of the crystal structure of (1 – x)PbFe2/3W1/3O3 – xPbTiO3 solid solutions depending on the PbTiO3 concentration (at x = 0.25, 0.3, and 0.35) near the morphotropic phase boundary has been investigated using X-ray diffraction at room temperature. It is established that all three compositions are mixtures of the cubic and tetragonal phases and that an increase in the PbTiO3 concentration

Abstract The influence of temperature (in the interval of 300–400 K) and concentrations on the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and thermoelectric power of copper chalcogenide-based crystals with the general formula (GeSe)1 – x(CuAsSe2)x has been considered. Heat transfer mechanisms have been determined. It has been found that the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is nonmonotonic

Abstract In this paper, the authors suggested a finite element approach to the simulation of mechanical properties of functionally graded materials (FGM) using a multilinear plastic material model. The approach was used to simulate tensile test experiments on the homogeneous specimens manufactured at two laser power regimes and composite specimens based on the materials considered. We showed a correlation

Abstract Using a thermodynamic approach, a disperse system formed by an ensemble of particles with various shapes and volumes is studied. The shape of a particle is set by the value of its fractal dimension, which characterizes the relationship between the volume and surface area. Using the methods of number theory and the Hardy–Ramanujan–Rademacher formula, the size distribution functions of the dispersed

Abstract A continuous wavelet transform is used to analyze operation of a nonstationary signal of a quantum frequency standard. A method of translation transfer is proposed for elimination of the boundary effects in such a transform. Spectral integrals of the signal of the quantum frequency standard are calculated in several frequency intervals. A wavelet variance is introduced to determine time moments

Abstract Nanopowders of two crystalline phases, magnesium–aluminum spinel (98 wt %), and cuprite (2 wt %) have been obtained by laser evaporation of a solid target, which is a mechanical mixture of simple oxides (MgO, Al2O3, CuO). These nanopowders have been used to prepare test samples of transparent Cu:MgAl2O4 ceramics, the IR transmission spectra of which revealed two new strong absorption bands

Abstract The results of testing the degradation of light-emitting diode structures with InGaN/GaN quantum wells are reported. An increase in the external quantum efficiency as compared to the initial value is observed after the passage of current of 150–170 mA. Possible physical processes leading to a change in the quantum efficiency and an increase in low-frequency noise are considered.

Abstract A neutron source composed of a tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation and a lithium target is used to develop the boron neutron capture therapy and other applications. The dependence of the proton beam size on the target surface on the beam current is measured with thermocouples inserted inside the target and with a infrared camera. It is found that there is no appreciable influence of

Abstract We propose an original method for numerical calculation of heating of high-current electric contacts in the closed state by pulsed currents with a duration comparable with the period of the industrial-frequency current. Such regimes are typical of current-carrying systems of high-voltage electric facilities during switching high-power loads, during failure in electric transmission lines, and

Abstract The electrophysical properties and the resistive switching effect in ITO/SiNx/Si memristor structures have been investigated. A silicon nitride film ~200 nm thick with a Si/N ratio varying with depth has been deposited on a silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition. The current–voltage characteristics of ITO/SiNx/Si-p structures have shown that the conduction mechanism in a high-resistivity

Abstract Experimental results on measuring the resonance frequency ratio of the protons of water and of 23Na nuclei in NaCl solutions with concentrations from 0.1 to 0.5 g per 100 g H2O are presented. Signals of water protons and sodium nuclei were acquired simultaneously, which allowed minimizing random and systematic uncertainties in measurements of the ratio of resonance frequencies f(H2O)/f(23Na+)

Abstract Hydrogenized carbon films 0.5–7.0 μm thick doped with silicon (11.9 ± 0.4 at %) and oxygen (1.7 ± 0.1 at %) have been grown on VT-6 titanium and silicon substrates in an externally heated arc discharge plasma. The hardness, internal stresses, surface morphology, wettability, and surface potential of the films against their thickness have been studied. It has been found that as the film gets

Abstract The dielectric properties of polycrystalline fullerite films with a thickness of ~300 nm included in p-Si/C60/InGa structures under dc electric fields with a strength up to 3.3 × 107 V/m have been investigated in the frequency range of 30–106 Hz. It is established that, at negative polarity of an InGa electrode (when electron injection from the metal to fullerite is facilitated), an anomalous

Abstract The Fourier law correctly describes heat transport in most practical macroscopic problems. However, for heat transfer in rapid processes, heat transport on micro- and nanoscales, and heat transfer in materials with an internal structure (porous media and biological tissues), other models are required that take into account nonlinear effects, as well as temporal (memory) and spatial nonlocality

Abstract Excitation of electromagnetic field at ultralow, extremely low, and lower frequencies by a horizontal grounded antenna in a two-layer medium is considered. Approximate analytical formulas are derived to describe field evolution in the low-frequency range. Accuracy of the quasi-stationary approximation is analyzed. Substitution of the impedance of a plane wave that is normally incident on the

Abstract The possibilities of using medium-energy (hundreds of kiloelectronvolts) ion beams for diagnostics of solids by measuring the spectra of characteristic X-ray radiation are considered. A modification of the method is proposed that consists in using probing beams of neutral atoms. It is shown that the use of such beams makes it possible to eliminate the negative effect of the surface potential

Abstract This paper presents the results of simulation of the collector of a prototype gyrotron designed for the DEMO project. Trajectory analysis in a collector with four-stage recovery of the residual beam energy based on the method of spatial separation of electrons in crossed azimuthal magnetic and axial electric fields was carried out. In this part of the research, the azimuthal magnetic field

Abstract It is shown that application of B2O3 as a flux allows one to obtain nominally pure composition-homogeneous LiNbO3 crystals characterized by high, close-to-stoichiometry ordering of structural units of the cation sublattice and high resistance to laser radiation. It have been established by calculations that boron can be incorporated into faces of oxygen tetrahedra of the LiNbO3 crystal structure

Abstract We have investigated experimentally the reflection of an electromagnetic (EM) wave in the microwave range at a frequency of 10.65 GHz from a layer of a magnetic fluid (magnetic colloid) and composites synthesized on its basis. It is found that, upon an increase in the solid-phase concentration, the conditions for the emergence of ferromagnetic resonance in the homogeneous magnetic colloid

Abstract A new method for the formation of three-dimensional quantum-dimensional InGaP(As) islands is proposed, which consists in replacing phosphorus with arsenic in an InGaP layer deposited on GaAs directly during epitaxial growth. It is shown that the replacement of phosphorus with arsenic results in formation of three-dimensional islands in the thin InGaP layer. At room temperature, these islands

Abstract The feasibility of creating a high-power wideband source of chaotic microwave signals that is constructed around a single high-power bipolar transistor has been demonstrated for the first time. This has become possible after implementing a selected-inertia oscillator. Theoretical calculations supporting the idea of fabricating such an oscillator are presented. A hybrid integrated prototype

Abstract Plastic relaxation of a stressed semipolar AlN(\(10\bar {1}1\)) layer synthesized on a nanopatterned Si(100) substrate has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the application of a nanorelief consisting of triangular nanogrooves with inclined faces close to the Si(111) plane in a semipolar AlN layer can lead to the formation of cracks only in the direction

Abstract Based on Hall probes, a scanning microscope with a survey area of 5 × 5 mm has been developed and used for high-spatial-resolution and sensitivity measurements of the topology of magnetic field B(X, Y, Z) on the surface of and around the YBa2Cu3O7 – x and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + x samples without resorting to electrodynamics expressions. The differential technique with the fixation of the beginning

Abstract The influence of metallurgical factors on stress corrosion cracking of steels of different classes in an aggressive NACE solution at 25°C is analyzed. The dependences of the stress leading to the transition from active corrosion to the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement (critical stress) on the yield stress and the coefficient of stress concentration are plotted. The relationship between

Abstract Possible effects of ionization phenomena on the analytical signal in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a high-temperature ion source are considered. The dependences of the degree of suppression of ion signals on the electron density are calculated and experimentally determined for ions of matrix and impurity elements. It is shown that the degree of signal suppression depends

Abstract A correlation for calculating the thermal conductivity of binary dispersed systems depending on their composition is proposed. The results of measuring the thermal conductivity of reverse type water-in-oil emulsions at a pressure of up to 20 MPa in the temperature range of 293–353 K with a change in the volumetric water content in the emulsion up to 50% are presented. The obtained correlation

Abstract Two approaches one presented to determine the thermophysical properties of materials. Necessary experimental data on thermal curves have been extracted by simulation modeling of the heat propagation process based on numerically solving the 1D thermal conductivity equation. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity coefficients have been calculated independently using a method suggested

Abstract In a series of initially polydomain crystals of LiNbO3:Zn,Mg obtained by the homogeneous doping of the crystals in the concentration ranges of around 1 ± 0.02 mol % MgO and 3.0–4.6 mol % ZnO, abrupt increases in temperature dependences of electrical conductivity σ(T) and dielectric constant ε(T) with the manifestation of low-frequency dielectric dispersion are observed near T* ≈ 800 K. At

Abstract The process of decomposition of organochlorine compounds by a three-phase ac plasma torch with vortex arc stabilization is studied. The plasma torch had two zones for introducing the plasma-forming media: the near-electrode and arc-burning zones. The near-electrode zone was fed with a shielding gas, and the arc-burning was fed with water vapor, methane, and vapors of organochlorine compounds

Abstract Analysis of the literature data on the reasons for the development of mechanical stresses in epitaxial, polycrystalline, and amorphous films during their formation and under various external influences is carried out. The mechanism of the appearance of internal stresses during heteroepitaxial growth of films caused by the mismatch of the crystal lattice constants of the film and substrate

Abstract A theoretical model of the conductivity of a thin metal layer placed in a longitudinal constant magnetic and alternative electric field is constructed, taking into account the diffuse-mirror boundary conditions. An analytical expression is obtained for the integral conductivity as a function of dimensionless parameters: layer thickness, electric field frequency, magnetic field induction and

Abstract The results of plasma dynamic synthesis of nanocrystalline cubic tungsten carbide using a system based on a coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator are presented. It is found that an atomic ratio of C/W precursors of about 2.5 is necessary to achieve the maximum yield of the unique cubic phase of tungsten carbide WC1 – x (up to 95%). The synthesized materials are analyzed by transmission electron

Abstract The electrical characteristics of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) symmetrical actuator at low pressures gave been investigated. A power source–actuator–DBD system has been analyzed. The plot of the feed voltage frequency at which a voltage resonance is observed at the outer electrodes of an actuator with a given configuration against air pressure has been constructed. The DBD density

Abstract A pulsed source of ions with ionization of the substance under study at atmospheric pressure by the UV radiation of laser plasma is numerically simulated. The calculations are based on an original mathematical model that describes evolution of an ensemble of ions in the presence of superimposed gas-dynamic and electric fields with allowance for the Coulomb interaction. The model contains a

Abstract We have measured the cross sections of elementary processes occurring during collisions of impinging 3He2+ particles with kinetic energies in the range 1–100 keV with Xe atoms, which are accompanied with the formation of free electrons and ions in different final charge states: Xen+ (n = 1–6) and He(2 – m)+ (m = 0–2). We distinguish between ionization processes, in which the impinging α particle

Abstract A model of the distribution of nonuniform electrostatic field is proposed for a system with variable configuration of electrodes that generates high-voltage discharge. It is shown that conformal mapping of a function of complex variable can be used for analytical study of the distribution of field equipotential lines depending on the diameter of a circular orifice in the anode (D = 1–5 mm)

Abstract Local polarization processes in BaTi1 – xZrxO3 thin films are studied using contact conductive scanning probe microscopy and piezoelectric response microscopy. The relationship between the direction of the created domains and the magnitude of the flowing currents is established. The value of the residual polarization is found. Using scanning probe microscopy, the hysteresis loop is measured

Abstract The influence of SiO2 impurity (with a concentration varying from 0 to 10 mol %) on the stability of tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) and on a set of micro- and macromechanical properties of calcia-stabilized (CCaO = 6.5 mol %) alumina-toughened (\({{C}_{{{\text{A}}{{{\text{l}}}_{2}}{{{\text{O}}}_{3}}}}}\) = 5.8 mol %) zirconia-based ceramics (ATZ ceramics) has been studied. It has been found that

Abstract We have analyzed the available data on the transition from equilibrium crystallization of melts of various substances to nonequilibrium explosive crystallization depending on preliminary heating of the liquid phase to temperature \(T_{C}^{ + }\). Analogously to the liquid-crystal state, superheating interval Δ\(T_{L}^{ + }\) = \(T_{C}^{ + }\) – TL relative to melting temperature TL is ascribed