Abstract Purpose The kidney is a radiosensitive late-responding normal tissue. Injury is characterized by radiation nephropathy and decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The current study aimed to compare two rapid and cost-effective methodologies of assessing GFR against more conventional biomarker measurements. Methods C57BL/6 mice were treated with bilateral focal X-irradiation (1x14Gy or

Abstract Purpose Baicalein (an anti-ferroptosis drug) was recently reported to synergistically improve the survival rate of mice following a high dose of total body irradiation with anti-apoptosis and anti-necroptosis drugs. At the same time, our group has demonstrated that ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, improves the survival rate of a mouse model of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome

Abstract Purpose The long-term effect of low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation on the lens is still a matter of debate and needs to be evaluated in more detail. Material and Methods We conducted a detailed histological analysis of eyes from B6C3F1 mice cohorts after acute gamma irradiation (60Co source; 0.063 Gy/min) at young adult age of 10 weeks with doses of 0.063, 0.125 and 0.5 Gy. Sham

Abstract Radiation exposure is an on going and serious threat in military and public health concern. There is an unmet need for effective preventative or mitigative treatments against radiation-induced injuries. The handful of Food and Drug Administration in the US approved radiation protection agents cannot be widely used due to their side effects. Some natural non-toxic compounds such as bee products

ABSTRACT Purpose Ionizing radiations trigger the formation of free radicals that damage DNA and cause cell death. DNA damage may be simply evaluated by micronucleus assay and the pharmacophores that impede free radicals could effectively reduce the DNA damage initiated by irradiation. Therefore, it was desired to determine the capacity of curcumin to alleviate micronuclei formation in human peripheral

Abstract Background As a bladder-preserving therapy, radiation therapy (RT) has been widely used in the treatment of bladder cancer (BCa) and made great progress in the past few decades. However, some BCa patients have low radiotherapy responsiveness and local recurrence rate after radiotherapy could reach 50%. Acquired radio-resistance (ARR) is one of the important reasons for the failure of RT. Unfortunately

(2021). Translational approaches for radiation risk assessment. International Journal of Radiation Biology: Vol. 97, Translational Approaches for Radiation Risk Assessment, pp. 1-1.

Abstract Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the histone lysine-methyltransferase (HKMT) inhibitor chaetocin on chromatin structure and its effect on ionising radiation (IR) induced DNA damage response. Methods Concentration and time dependent effects of chaetocin on chromatin clustering, its reversibility and association with cell cycle and chromatin markers were analysed

Abstract Purpose Radon (Rn) is a radioactive, odorless, and colorless gas which has a half-life of 3.83 days. One of the main sources of Rn which is directly consumed by the population is Groundwater (Tube well, Bore well, Hand pump). Radon gas is found naturally in rock, soil and water and can be considered as main health risk factor in terms of lung cancer, stomach diseases, leukemia and childhood

Abstract Purpose Amphibians are facing an unprecedented level of population declines worldwide. The causes run the gamut from habit loss, succumbing to opportunistic pathogen infections to vulnerability to toxic pollutants and ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation exposure. Anthropogenic activities including Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disasters and radioactive waste leakage into the environment raise the

Abstract Purpose Radiation exposure of crickets during their 4th juvenile molt inflicted ionizing radiation damage and altered growth rate, adult size at sexual maturity. High levels of ionizing radiation also impacted the subsequent generation, likely via heritable epigenetic mechanisms. Using radiation as a proxy for external stress, we aim to to understand transgenerational impacts of stress on

Abstract Purpose: The excellent contrast of high atomic number (Z) elements compared to soft tissues has advanced their use as contrast agents for computed tomographic imaging and as potential radiation sensitizers. We evaluated whether gadolinium (Gd) could serve as such a theranostic agent for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its paramagnetic properties and radiosensitization

Abstract Purpose High LET including alpha radiation-based approaches have been proved as a promising mode for cancer therapy owing to their biophysical and radiobiological advantages compared to photon beams. Studies pertaining to effect of α-radiation on cancer cells are limited to cytotoxic high doses. Materials and methods In this study, human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells were α-irradiated using

Abstract Purpose The projected existence and magnitude of carcinogenic effects of ionising radiation at low doses and low dose rates is perhaps the most important issue in radiation protection today. Studies of childhood cancer and natural background radiation have the potential to throw direct light on this question, into a dose range below a few tens of mSv. This paper describes the studies that

Abstract Purpose Uncertainties regarding the magnitude of health effects following exposure to low doses of ionising radiation remain a matter of concern both for professionals and for the public. There is consensus within the international radiation research community that more research is required on biological effects of radiation doses below 100 mGy applied at low dose rates. Moreover, there is

Abstract N/A

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects females globally. Radiotherapy is a standard treatment option for breast cancer, where one of its most significant limitations is radioresistance development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-protein-coding RNAs that have been widely studied for their roles as disease biomarkers. To date, several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical

Abstract Purpose Ionizing radiation is found naturally in the environment; we receive low doses regularly from space, soil, rocks, water, air, and vegetation. While a low dose of IR may have beneficial applications, especially in medicine, it also has the potential to cause detrimental long-term health effects. Alterations in phenotypes and biomolecules after exposure to high levels of IR are well

Reply to: Regarding: 'The risk of induced cancer and ischemic heart disease following low dose lung irradiation for COVID-19: estimation based on a virtual case'. International Journal of Radiation Biology. Accepted .

Abstract Purpose Despite being a major treatment modality for brain cancer due to its efficiency in achieving cancer control, radiotherapy has long been known to cause long-term side effects, including radiation-induced cognitive impairment (RICI). Neurogenesis inhibition due to radiation-induced damage in neural stem cells (NSCs) has been demonstrated to be an important mechanism underlying RICI.

Abstract Purpose Radium is the most common source of alpha radiation exposure to humans and non-human species in the environment but the dosimetry is complicated by the decay chain which involves gamma exposure due to radon daughters. This paper seeks to determine the separate contributions of alpha and gamma doses to the total dose and total direct and non-targeted effect in a fish and a human cell

Abstract Purpose. Mac-Cune Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare autosomal dominant osteo-hormonal disorder. MAS is characterized by a severe form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, “café-au-lait” pigmentation of the skin, and multiple endocrinopathies. MAS was shown to be caused by mosaic missense somatic mutations in the GNAS gene coding for the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G-protein. MAS is also

Abstract Purpose It seems that 2020 would be always remembered by the name of novel coronavirus (designated as SARS-CoV-2), which exerted its deteriorating effects on the health care, economy, education, and political relationships. In August 2020 more than eight hundred thousand patients lost their lives due to acute respiratory syndrome. In the limited list of therapeutic approaches, the effectiveness

Abstract Purpose To increase the size of the flowers for easy plucking, flower yield, pyrethrins content (%), and elite mutant selection in pyrethrum. Materials and methods To increase pyrethrum production and acclimatize in north Indian plain condition, a genetic improvement program was undertaken to widen the range of variations for size and yield of flowers and pyrethrins content (%) in pyrethrum

Abstract Purpose The present study aims to investigate the radioprotective effect of melatonin (MEL) against early period brain damage caused by different dose rate beams in the experimental rat model. Materials and methods Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups; the control, only melatonin, low dose rate-radiotherapy (LDR-RT), high dose rate-radiotherapy (HDR-RT) groups

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the impact of gamma radiation of Musca domestica males (resulted from irradiated pupae) crossed with unirradiated females on fecundity, egg-hatchability, adult emergence, sex ratio, sterility, in addition to reproductive development at the level of oogenesis and spermatogenesis compared to unirradiated group. Material and Methods The housefly, M. domestica

Abstract Purpose The main goal of the research was to determine whether commercially available common dietary phytochemical supplements (curcumin, andrographolide, and d-limonene) have radiomodulatory effects on p53-competent human colonic epithelial cells. Methods Clonogenic survival assays were used to characterize effects of the phytochemicals on cultured colonic epithelial cells (HCT116 p53+/+)

Regarding: “The risk of induced cancer and ischemic heart disease following low dose lung irradiation for COVID-19: estimation based on a virtual case”. International Journal of Radiation Biology. Accepted 8 December 2020.

Abstract Purpose Caspases are common mediators of cell death. Evasion of cell death including apoptosis are considered to be hallmarks of cancer. A deeper understanding of the apoptotic cascade may aid improving cancer therapies. Our aim was to characterize the progression of cell death following UV-induced genotoxic injury in a defined cell culture model. Materials and Methods Hela cells were UV-irradiated

Abstract Purpose The sequelae of premature loss of ovarian function can undoubtedly have undesirable effects for a woman although radiotherapy is one of the most relevant treatment modalities for various types of malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of radiation on ovarian folliculogenesis, inflammation, and apoptotic markers. Materials and Methods For

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the radioprotective effect of melatonin by analyzing histopathological changes and serum biochemical levels on experimental rat models exposed to flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter free (FFF) beam. Materials and methods Forty-eight healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. The control (Group 1) was

Abstract Purpose Carcinogenic effects of radiation are often assumed to be universally understood, more often than, for example, carcinogenic effects of many different chemicals. This in turn leads to an assumption that any dose of radiation, delivered at any dose rate, poses a serious health challenge. However, ionizing radiation is part of our environment and all life on Earth’s crust is exposed

Abstract Purpose The effects of the electromagnetic (EM) radiation emitted by a mobile phone on the central auditory system of rabbits are investigated in this paper. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements were performed before and after short-term exposure to EM radiation. Materials and Methods Excitation was provided by a GSM-1800 emitter placed in contact with the (randomly selected) ear

Abstract Purpose The increasing use of low-dose ionizing radiation in medicine requires a systematic study of its long-term effects on the brain, behaviour and its possible association with neurodegenerative disease vulnerability. Therefore, we analysed the long-term effects of a single low-dose irradiation exposure at 10 weeks of age compared to medium and higher doses on locomotor, emotion-related

Abstract Purpose The nature and kind of some successful mutations achieved through gamma radiation at CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow are reviewed and described in this article. Medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs) came under the mutation-breeding program very late – perhaps during the 1980s in India. Nevertheless, successes have been glaring and unique too. The plant breeders of the Institute concerted attempts

Abstract Purpose Tumor treating fields (TTF) therapy is a noninvasive method that uses alternating electric fields to treat various types of cancer. This study demonstrates the combined effect of TTF and radiotherapy (RT) in vitro on pancreatic cancer, which is known to be difficult to treat. Materials and methods In CFPAC-I and HPAF-II pancreatic cancer cell lines, the combined in vitro effect of

Abstract Purpose Agents that increase tumor radiosensitivity are of interest in improving outcomes in radiotherapy (XRT). DNA-PK inhibitors radiosensitize and alter cell adhesion proteins. We investigated combination radiation and a DNA-PK inhibitor in monolayers vs spheroids. Materials and methods Using HER2 positive mammary carcinoma cells, we investigated the impact of NU7441, a DNA-PK inhibitor

Abstract Purpose External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) has been commonly applied as salvage or a combination locoregional modality after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). This study reports oncologic outcomes and feasibility after application of the two modalities in our center. Methods Forty consecutive patients who underwent EBRT due to incomplete responses

Abstract Background Radiotherapy is the most common regimen for treating human cancers; however, ionizing radiation (IR) has hazardous effects on metabolically active organs such as the liver. Aim This study aimed to investigate the possible protective (prophylactic and therapeutic) action of taurine against liver damage induced by gamma irradiation at different time intervals as well as the mechanisms

Abstract Aim Trichostatin A (TSA) has been shown to mitigate whole body γ-radiation-induced morbidity and mortality. The current study aimed at studying the effects of TSA post-irradiation treatment on gut-microbiota, especially the translocation of the microbes from the intestine to other organs in C57 Bl/6 mice model. Materials and methods On 1st, 3rd 5th 7th 9th 12th and 14th days after various

Abstract Purpose The traditional workflow for biological dosimetry based on manual scoring of dicentric chromosomes is very time consuming. Especially for large-scale scenarios or for low-dose exposures, high cell numbers have to be analyzed, requiring alternative scoring strategies. Semi-automatic scoring of dicentric chromosomes provides an opportunity to speed up the standard workflow of biological

Abstract Purpose The classical dogma that restricted the radiation effect to the directly irradiated cells has been challenged by the bystander effect. This off-target phenomenon which was manifested in adjacent cells via signaling of fully exposed cells might be involved in high-dose Grid therapy as well. Here, an in-vitro study was performed to examine the possible extent of carcinoma cells response

Abstract Purpose Depleted uranium (DU) has several civilian and military applications. The effects of this emerging environmental pollutant on human health raise some concerns. Previous experimental studies have shown that uranium (U) exposure can disturb the central nervous system. A small quantity of U reaches the brain via the blood, but the effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain unclear

Abstract Purpose Radium-223 has demonstrated efficacy in improving overall survival (OS) and in delaying symptomatic skeletal-related events (SREs). Bone Health Agents (BHA), i.e. RANK ligand inhibitor (Denosumab) and bisphosphonate such as zoledronic acid, are indicated to prevent SREs without a clear survival benefit. SREs on patient health have a high impact and it is, therefore, important to consider

Abstract Purpose This study purposed to evaluate the efficacy of brachytherapy with the modality of ultrasonic hyperthermia in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on an ocular retinoblastoma tumor in an animal model of the rabbit. Materials and methods A retinoblastoma tumor was induced by the injection of the human cell line of Y79 in rabbit eyes (n = 41). After two weeks, tumor size reached

Abstract Purpose We previously showed that a 0.5-mT, 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field (LFMF) enhanced DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) and necrosis in RAW264 macrophages that had been stimulated by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS). LPS enhances production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2 −) that react with each other to generate peroxynitrite (ONOO−). ONOO− causes DNA strand

Abstract Purpose Safety concerns about the effects of long-term extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure on human health have been raised. To explore the effects of continuous exposure to ELF-EMF on organisms for multiple generations, we selected Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and conducted long-term continuous exposure studies for multiple generations under 20 °C

Abstract Purpose Environment and lifestyle factors is being attributed towards increased instances of male infertility. Rapid technological advancement, results in emission of electromagnetic radiations of different frequency which impacts human both biologically as well as genetically. Devices like cell phone, power line and monitors emit electromagnetic radiation and are a major source of the exposure

Abstract Purpose Ionizing radiation (IR) has wide-ranging applications in various fields. In agriculture, pest control is one of the important applications, because insect pests have become a threat for the global agriculture industry. IRs are used routinely to prevent crop loss and to protect stored food commodities. The radio-sterilization or disinfestation treatments are the commonly used procedures

Abstract Purpose Harmonized animal models are an indispensable tool for the development of safe and effective medical countermeasures (MCMs) against radiation injury, and rhesus macaques (referred herein as NHPs) play a critical role in FDA approval of radiation medical countermeasures for acute and delayed radiation syndromes. Reliance on such models requires that they be well characterized, which

Abstract Background Advancements in medical technologies that utilize ionizing radiation have led to improved diagnosis and patient outcomes, however, the effect of ionizing radiation on the patient is still debated. In the case of pregnancy, the potential effects are not only to the mother but also to the fetus. The aim of this study was to determine if exposure from ionizing radiation during pregnancy

Abstract Purpose Through introducing stochastic quantities that can be connected to the dimensions of the microscopic structures exposed to radiations, microdosimetry is concerned with the substantive specifications of radiation quality that could help gain insight into radiation effects. Utilizing the μ-randomness method and Geant4-DNA code, we calculated microdosimetry quantities for nanometric structures

Abstract Purpose DNA damage is one of the main consequences of exposure to ionizing irradiation (IR). Recent studies indicate that IR can modulate the expression of immune system-related genes. However, the effects of IR on the expression of genes and pathways of the B7-CD28 superfamily remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of genes and pathways related to the

Abstract Background Disease prevention and prediction have led to the generation of phenotypically based methods for deriving the limits of safety across toxicological disciplines. In the ionizing radiation field, human data has formed the basis of the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model for risk estimates. However, uncertainties around its accuracy at low doses and low dose-rates have led to passionate

Abstract Until a few decades ago, surgical resection was the only valid option for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, various locoregional modalities including arterial-directed therapy, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and radiotherapy have been recently shown to be effective. RFA is now established as a standard treatment for small localized HCCs, showing oncological results comparable

Abstract Purpose Clodronate-liposomes (Clod-Lip) is an effective candidate drug for treating Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura in mice experiments. But its role in hematopoietic recovery after acute myelosuppression is still unknown. We aim to explore the function and underlining mechanisms of Clod-Lip on hematopoietic reconstitution after

Abstract Purpose The assessment of biological effects caused by radiation exposure has been currently carried out with the linear-quadratic (LQ) model as an extension of the linear non-threshold (LNT) model. In this study, we suggest a new mathematical model named as SeaSaw (SS) model, which describes proliferation and cell death effects by taking account of Bergonie-Tribondeau’s law in terms of a

Summary of the Second Bill Morgan Memorial Symposium: An update on low dose biology, epidemiology, its integration and implications for radiation protection. International Journal of Radiation Biology. Accepted 18 November 2020.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tumor control probability (TCP), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and adaptive time management (ATM) in patients who had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underwent radiotherapy with same gap length at different treatment weeks. Material and Methods 20 patients’ definitive radiotherapy treatments, completed in 6.5 weeks

Abstract Purpose The overall aim of this contribution to the “Second Bill Morgan Memorial Special Issue” is to provide a high-level review of a recent report developed by a Committee for the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) titled “Approaches for Integrating Information from Radiation Biology and Epidemiology to Enhance Low-Dose Health Risk Assessment”. It derives from