Purpose: Oleuropein is one of the most abundant and important phenolic compounds in fruits and olive leaves . In this research, the radioprotective effect of oleuropein was investigated versus 2 Gy of gamma radiation on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oleuropein radiation protection and to find an effective radioprotector. Materials and

Purpose: Contaminants seldom occur in isolation in the aquatic environment. While pollution of coastal and inland water bodies has received considerable attention to date, there is limited information on potential interactive effects between radionuclides and metals. Whether by accidental or controlled release, such contaminants co-exist in aquatic ecosystems and can pose an enhanced threat to biota

Background High dose ionizing radiation exposure is associated with myelo-depression leading to pancytopenia and the expected clinical manifestations of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of sargramostim (Leukine®, yeast-derived rhu GM-CSF), with regimens delivered at 48, 72, 96, or 120 h after radiation exposure. Methods A randomized and blinded nonhuman primate (NHP)

PURPOSE Well-characterized animal models that mimic the human response to potentially lethal doses of radiation are necessary in order to assess the efficacy of candidate medical countermeasures under the criteria of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 'Animal Rule'. Development of a model requires the determination of the radiation dose response relationship and time course of mortality and morbidity

Purpose. Harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the Central Nervous System (CNS) are a concerning outcome in the field of cancer radiotherapy and form a major risk for deep space exploration. Both acute and chronic CNS irradiation induce a complex network of molecular and cellular alterations including DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell death and systemic inflammation, leading to changes in neuronal

Purpose: NASA was recently charged with returning humans to the lunar surface within the next five years. This will require preparation for spaceflight missions of longer distance and duration than ever performed in the past. Protecting the crew and mission from the hazards associated with spaceflight will be a priority. One of the primary hazards to address is the challenging radiation environment

Radiotherapy in the fight against pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Radiation Biology. Accepted 7 September 2020.

Purpose: Total body irradiation of the Gottingen minipig results in a characteristic hematopoietic response, including anemia, neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Currently, there are no well-characterized large or small animal models for radiation-induced thrombocytopenia. The study described here using the Gottingen minipig was focused on understanding which aspects of the coagulation

Purpose: Well-controlled ionizing radiation injury animal models for testing medical countermeasure efficacy require robust radiation physics and dosimetry to ensure accuracy of dose-delivery and reproducibility of the radiation dose-response relationship. The objective of this study was to establish a simple, convenient, robust and accurate technique for validating total body irradiation (TBI) exposure

Purpose: Inhomogeneous exposures to ionizing radiation can be detected and quantified with the Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA) of metaphase cells. Complete automation of interpretation of the DCA for whole body irradiation has significantly improved throughput without compromising accuracy, however low levels of residual false positive dicentric chromosomes (DCs) have confounded its application for

Aim: To explore the radiosensitizing effect of AZD8931, a novel equipotent and reversible inhibitor of signalling by EGFR (HER1), HER2 and HER3 receptors, focusing on cell cycle progression, apoptosis and clonogenic capacity in the human LoVo colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line, also in comparison with the EGFR-blocking monoclonal antibody Cetuximab or the EGFR tyrosine kinase selective small molecular

Purpose: Analyses of elimination of four human radioresistant malignant cell lines to mono-energetic and non mono-energetic incoming carbon ion beams, characterized by different linear energy transfer (LET) qualities is performed. Comparisons with protons from the middle of the therapeutic spread Bragg peak (SOBP) and reference γ-rays are also included. Materials and Methods: HTB140 cells were irradiated

Purpose: Dosimetry of Auger electron-emitting nuclear medicine radioisotopes on cellular and DNA scales is essential in order to assess the biological effects and damage of these radioisotopes to the DNA molecule. This study examined the effects of widely-used radioisotopes in nuclear medicine and also two therapeutic radioisotopes in the scale of micrometer and nanometer. Methods: In this paper, on

Purpose Long-term exposure to low dose radiation may trigger immune response and stimulate hormesis. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) play a crucial role in immune function. We aimed to explore the possible association of IL-2 and IL-2R gene polymorphisms with low dose radiation exposure, as well as the relationship with IL-2 gene expression in people residing in areas with a

Purpose: Natural radiation is the major source of human exposure to ionizing radiation. About 52% of the total dose received from the high natural background radiations (HNBR) areas are due to inhalation dose from radon (222Rn)/thoron (220Rn) and their progenies. Hence, we reviewed the biological effects of 222Rn/220Rn and their progenies on lung tissue, and the possible role of lung stem cells in

A combinatorial approach of a polypharmacological adjuvant 2-deoxy-D-glucose with low dose radiation therapy to quell the cytokine storm in COVID-19 management. International Journal of Radiation Biology. Accepted 28 August 2020.

Purpose: Animal models that accurately reflect human responses to radiation injury are needed for advanced mechanistic investigation and development of effective therapeutics. The rabbit is an established animal model accepted by the FDA for studies of cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, the development of anticoagulants, testing of bone implants, and the development of treatments for infectious

Purpose: Current animal models of hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) are resource intensive and have limited translation to humans, thereby inhibiting the development of effective medical countermeasures (MCM)s for radiation exposure. Materials and Methods: To improve the MCM pipeline, we developed models of H-ARS in male Göttingen and Sinclair minipigs. Weight matched Göttingens and Sinclairs

Purpose: Well characterized animal models that mimic the human response to potentially lethal doses of radiation are necessary in order to assess the efficacy of candidate medical countermeasures under the criteria of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration “Animal Rule”. Development of a model requires the determination of the radiation dose response relationship and time course of mortality and morbidity

Purpose: The hemorrhagic syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) . We previously characterized the dose-response relationship for total body irradiation (TBI)-induced ARS in the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit. Thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and anemia were strongly associated with morbidity/mortality during the first three weeks post-TBI

Purpose: To address confounding issues that have been noted in planning and conducting studies to identify biomarkers of radiation injury, develop animal models to simulate these injuries, and test potential medical countermeasures to mitigate/treat damage caused by radiation exposure. Methods: The authors completed an intensive literature search to address several key areas that should be considered

Purpose: Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) provide a modular framework for describing sequences of biological key events (KEs) and key event relationships (KERs) across levels of biological organization. Empirical evidence across KERs can support construction of quantified AOPs (qAOPs). Using an example AOP of energy deposition from ionizing radiation onto DNA leading to lung cancer incidence, we investigate

Purpose: Radiation Biodosimetry is a continually developing clinical diagnostic field, which focuses on biological markers that proportionally change in relationship to the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed. Examples of host marker response include changes in white cell count, specific proteins in circulation, RNAs in white blood cells, or chromosome fidelity in affected lymphocytes. Measurements

Purpose: The hemorrhagic syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) . We previously characterized the dose-response relationship for total body irradiation (TBI)-induced ARS in the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit. Thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and anemia were strongly associated with morbidity/mortality during the first three weeks post-TBI

Purpose: To address confounding issues that have been noted in planning and conducting studies to identify biomarkers of radiation injury, develop animal models to simulate these injuries, and test potential medical countermeasures to mitigate/treat damage caused by radiation exposure. Methods: The authors completed an intensive literature search to address several key areas that should be considered

Purpose: Current animal models of hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) are resource intensive and have limited translation to humans, thereby inhibiting the development of effective medical countermeasures (MCM)s for radiation exposure.Materials and Methods: To improve the MCM pipeline, we developed models of H-ARS in male Göttingen and Sinclair minipigs. Weight matched Göttingens and Sinclairs

Purpose: Animal models that accurately reflect human responses to radiation injury are needed for advanced mechanistic investigation and development of effective therapeutics. The rabbit is an established animal model accepted by the FDA for studies of cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, the development of anticoagulants, testing of bone implants, and the development of treatments for infectious

Purpose: Since the exact development of posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) is poorly understood, we review various risk factors and propose a two-stage etiology for PSCs. Methods: The biological mechanisms associated with age-related cataracts (primarily nuclear cataracts, cortical cataracts and PSCs) were reviewed in relation to selected risk factors that induce PSCs (including atopy, diabetes

Background: The most attractive features of Auger electrons (AEs) in cancer therapy are their extremely short range and sufficiently high linear energy transfer (LET) for a majority of them. The cytotoxic effects of AE emitters can be realized only in close vicinity to sensitive cellular targets and they are negligible if the emitters are located outside the cell. The nucleus is considered the compartment

Purpose Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are relatively resistant to radiation compared to their non-tumorigenic progeny. Ionizing radiation (IR) can expand the pool of CSCs that leads to more aggressive cancers, but the reason underlying CSC-induced cancer aggressiveness after radiation therapy remains unclear. To understand this, we investigated the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of sphere cells

(2020). John B. Little, 5 October 1929–24 May 2020. International Journal of Radiation Biology: Vol. 96, No. 9, pp. 1085-1086.

Numerous studies focus on cancer therapy worldwide, and although many advances have been recorded, the complexity of the disease dictates thinking out of the box to confront it. This study reviews some of the currently available ionizing (IR) and non-ionizing radiation (NIR)-based treatment methods and explores their possible combinations that lead to synergistic, multimodal approaches with promising

Purpose Exposure to ionizing radiation following environmental contamination (e.g., the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents), radiotherapy and diagnostics, occupational roles and space travel has been identified as a possible risk-factor for cognitive dysfunction. The deleterious effects of high doses (≥1.0 Gy) on cognitive functioning are fairly well-understood, while the consequences of low

Purpose Several past studies using a mouse model of radiation-induced AML (rAML) have shown that hemizygous deletion of the Sfpi1 gene (HDSG) is an initiating event for the development of rAML. In this study, we examined the difference in frequency of HDSG in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) Rich hematopoietic Cell population (HRCs) from bone marrow (BM) and spleen of C3H mice irradiated with 3 Gy X-rays

Purpose The thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim (RP) is a therapeutic agent for immune thrombocytopenia that can achieve complete survival in mice exposed to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation. The estimated mechanism of the radio-protective/mitigative effects of RP has been proposed; however, the detailed mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of

Purpose Radiotherapy is an important treatment option for brain tumors, but the unavoidable irradiation of normal brain tissue can lead to delayed cognitive impairment. The mechanisms involved are still not well explained and, therefore, new tools to investigate the processes leading to the delayed symptoms of brain irradiation are warranted. In this study, positron emission tomography (PET) is used

Introduction Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a major anti-cancer therapy in cancer management multimodalities. 177Lu-Nimotuzumab has been in the use for radioimmunotherapy of EGFR expressing tumors. This study focuses on understanding the differential cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor effects of 177Lu-Nimotuzumab on low EGFR expressing A549 and high EGFR expressing A431 tumor cells. Materials

Objective To assess the role of CCR10 in innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) response in radiation-induced skin damage. Material and methods CCR10+/− and CCR10−/− mice were treated with either a single dose of 5 Gy or 5 Gy everyday for 6 days with a total dose of 30 Gy with X-ray. ILCs from the skin were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry 3 and 10 days after irradiation. A mouse model of radio-dermatitis

Purpose To develop multi-compartment mechanistic models of dynamics of stem and functional cell populations in epithelium after irradiation. Methods and materials: We present two models, with three (3C) and four (4C) compartments respectively. We use delay differential equations, and include accelerated proliferation, loss of division asymmetry, progressive death of abortive stem cells, and turnover

The purpose of the article Protection from ionizing radiation is the most important component in the curing malignant neoplasms, servicing atomic reactors, and resolving the situations associated with uncontrolled radioactive pollutions. In this regard, discovering new effective radioprotectors as well as novel principles of protecting living organisms from high-dose radiation is the most important

Background UV radiation and its impact on living organisms became an essential concern over the past three decades and will be essential in the years to come. So, the present investigation was devoted to examining the impact of artificial UV-B radiation on the accumulation of amino acids and MDA contents as well as some antioxidant enzymes activities in three freshwater cyanobacterial species; Planktothrix

Background/purpose: Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) are well-known for use in nontissue-specific stem cell therapy. However, they can be a challenge for orthopedic used because they have low osteogenic differentiation ability. Several studies have found that static magnetic fields (SMFs) have positive effects on the osteogenesis of different stem cells. Nevertheless, whether SMFs have

Purpose: The effects of radioactivity on human health have been debated for many years but there are still important gaps that need to be addressed especially related to the effects of high natural background radiation on the local population. The beach of Meaípe, in the city of Guarapari (Brazil), emits natural gamma radiation due to the presence of monazite sands. We aimed to investigate the effects

Purpose: Monochromatic hard X-rays with high brightness are desired for medical applications including Auger therapy. One can generate such X-rays through laser-Compton scattering (LCS) by allowing photons from a compact laser system to interact with electrons accelerated by a compact electron accelerator. In this paper, after a brief description of laser-Compton X-ray sources, a scheme called crab

Purpose: To develop a Monte Carlo (MC) beam model for raster scanning proton beams for dose verification purposes. Methods and materials: MC program FLUKA was used in the model. The nominal energy, momentum spread and beam angular distribution in the model were determined by matching the simulation profiles with the measured integral depth dose (IDD) and in air spot size. Dosimetric comparison was

Purpose: Fish cell lines, collectively referred to as the fish invitrome, are useful diagnostic tools to study radiation impacts on aquatic health and elucidate radiation mechanisms in fish. This paper will highlight the advantages, discuss the challenges, and propose possible future directions for uses of the fish invitrome in the field of environmental radiobiology. Conclusions: The fish invitrome

Purpose: Quinoline is formed by various natural compounds, such as alkaloids from the cinchona plant, which exhibit various biological activities, and is an important building material for the development of new drugs. Quinoline can be used in anti-radiation drug development but radiation interaction properties must be determined. Material and Methods: In this study, six types of synthesized quinoline

Purpose: The elevated expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Therefore, noninvasive in vivo assessments of the EGFR expression are of great importance. The present study investigated a novel SPECT agent for the imaging of EGFR-overexpressing tumors. Methods: The EGFR-targeting peptide

Purpose: The assessment of biological consequences of long-term low dose-rate radiation on wild animals after Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident is important. Many studies on wild animals have showed both negligible and significant effects on various species, but our study is the first to assess effects on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in large Japanese field mice (Apodemus

Purpose: To investigate follow-up strategy of stage II NPC based on event dynamics. Methods: Stage II NPC patients were retrospectively assessed from January 2007 to December 2014 in Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital. Event dynamics for patterns of recurrence and metastasis were calculated based on the hazard rates. Results: A total of 251 patients were included. After treatment, 10 (4.0%)

Purpose: Conventional X-ray radiotherapy induces a pro-inflammatory response mediated by altered expression of inflammation-regulating cytokines. Proton scanning and X-ray irradiation produce distinct changes to cytokine gene expression in vitro suggesting that proton beam therapy may induce an inflammatory response dissimilar to that of X-ray radiation. The purpose of the present study was to determine

Purpose: The objective of the study was to estimate the DNA damage in blood leukocytes at long terms after irradiation of mice with carbon ions (450 MeV/nucleon) both before and in the Bragg peak. Materials and methods: White outbred SHK male mice were exposed to whole-body irradiation with carbon ions at doses of 0.1–2 Gy in the spread-out Bragg peak and at a dose of 6 Gy before and in the Bragg peak

PURPOSE To clarify the radiosensitization mechanism masking the Auger effect of the cells possessing brominated DNA, the electronic properties of DNA-related molecules containing Br were investigated by X-ray spectroscopy and specific heat measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) were used to measure the electronic properties

Purpose: Radiation Therapy (RT), a widely used modality against cancer, depends its effectiveness on three pillars: tumour targeting precision, minimum dose determination and co-administrated agents. The underlying biological processes of the latter two pillars are DNA damage and repair. Hopefully, Radiation treatment has nowadays been improved a lot, in terms of tumour targeting precision as well

Purpose: Mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, located in the mitochondrial out-membrane, is necessary for IFN-beta induction and IFN-stimulated gene expression in response to external stress such as viral invasion and ionizing radiation (IR). Although the involvement of radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) has been investigated for decades for secondary cancer risk related to radiotherapy

BACKGROUND Biodosimetry with persistent cytogenetic indicators in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) plays crucial role in regulatory/medical management of individuals overexposed to radiation. Conventional methods require ∼48 h culture and have limited dose range (0.1-5Gy) applications due to checkpoint arrest/poor stimulation. G0-Phase Premature chromosome condensation (G0-PCC) allows chromosome

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the duality of irradiation effect on osteoclastogenesis, particularly on the cytoskeleton and expression of lytic enzymes in osteoclast precursors. Therefore, the present study may serve as a useful reference for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced bone loss in the clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two typical osteoclast precursors,

PURPOSE Despite the vast amount of literature on radiological emergencies, to the best of our knowledge there is no systematic review of probable scenarios and their consequences. This work aimed for compiling such review. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors comprised a Red Team - that is, simulated best efforts to inflict maximal damage to the society by various means of radiological attacks. Nuclear

(2020). Search for tumor-specific frequencies of amplitude-modulated 27 MHz electromagnetic fields in mice with hepatocarcinoma xenografted tumors: there are none so blind as those who will not read. International Journal of Radiation Biology: Vol. 96, No. 8, pp. 959-960.

Purpose: Rapid developments in high throughput screening technology for the detection and identification of the human microbiota have helped in understanding its influence on human health and disease. In the recent past, several seminal studies have demonstrated the influence of microbiota on outcomes of therapy-associated radiation exposure. In this review, we highlight the concepts related to the