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Spectroscopy-based smart optical monitoring system in the applications of laser additive manufacturing J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 J. Choi, M. Wooldridge, J. Mazumder
The potential defects during the additive manufacturing (AM) process greatly deteriorate the mechanical properties of the fabricated structures and, as a result, increase the risks of part fatigue failure and even disasters. As laser additive manufacturing is such a complex process, many different physical phenomena such as electromagnetic radiation, optical and acoustic emission, and plasma generation
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High speed coating for pure copper by multi-beam laser metal deposition method with high intensity blue diode lasers J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Yuma Takazawa, Yuji Sato, Keisuke Takenaka, Yorihiro Yamashita, Takahiro Kunimine, Masahiro Tsukamoto
Copper is expected to have many applications due to its virus inactivation properties, but it has been difficult to produce a thin layer with high bonding strength. A multi-beam blue diode laser installed laser metal deposition (B-LMD) system was newly developed with a laser intensity of 4.7 × 105 W/cm2, which is improved about five times higher than that of conventional systems. Using this system
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Investigation of precession laser machining of microholes in aerospace material J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Hoang Le, Vahid Nasrollahi, Themistoklis Karkantonis, Pavel Penchev, Sundar Marimuthu, Mickey Crozier, Stefan Dimov
Sidewall tapering is one of the main limitations in ultrashort pulse (USP) laser machining and is associated with the beam shape and self-limiting effect. Laser processing with a precession beam is a potential solution to overcome this limitation. A study into the effects of precession parameters on the taper angle in microhole drilling of a nickel alloy is reported in this paper. The effects of three
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Distribution of laser cladding powder concentration on the substrate base on 3D curved surface fitting J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-17 Mingsan Xu, Jianguo Wang, Xiangdang Chen, Shoujin Zeng, Gongxuan Xiao
In the laser cladding (LC) process, the powder concentration distribution on substrates greatly influences the quality and property of coating. Coaxial powder is used for precise coating due to its good powder particle convergence. This paper presents a simulation and experimental approach to study the powder concentration distribution on a substrate. The powder concentration distribution on the substrate
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Electromagnetic radiation focusing lens based on phase transition all-dielectric microstructure J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Hai Lin, Junling Han, Xufeng Jing
Metasurface can adjust the polarization, amplitude, phase, polarization mode, and propagation mode of electromagnetic waves flexibly and efficiently. Based on Pancharatnam–Berry phase theory, an all-medium geometric phase element structure was proposed to construct a transmission-coded metasurface metalens. In the mid-infrared band, a phase change material (GST) is used to regulate the unit structure
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Powder catchment efficiency in laser cladding (directed energy deposition). An investigation into standard laser cladding and the ABA cladding technique J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Daniel Koti, John Powell, Himani Naesstroem, K. T. Voisey
This paper investigates the efficiency of powder catchment in blown powder laser cladding (a directed energy deposition technique). A comparison is made between standard “track by overlapping track” cladding (“AAA” cladding) and “ABA” cladding, where the gaps left between an initial set of widely spaced tracks (“A” tracks), are filled in by subsequent “B” tracks. In both these techniques, the melt
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Assessing the quality and productivity of laser cladding and direct energy deposition: Guidelines for researchers J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 John Powell, Daniel Koti, Xabier Garmendia, K. T. Voisey
This paper provides guidelines and advice to researchers and engineers in the field of laser cladding and related direct energy deposition techniques to help establish a standardized approach to quality assessment and productivity metrics. Factors considered are deposit geometry, porosity, cracking, dilution, build-up/coverage rate, and powder catchment efficiency.
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Mechanism of laser-inducing hierarchical surface structures improving bonding strength of metal-plastic hybrids J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-13 Can Yang, Fei Peng, Xiao-Hong Yin, Mingji Zhang, Chunbo Li, Huan Yang, Shang Li
The mechanism of laser-inducing hierarchical metal surface structures was investigated both experimentally and numerically, providing insights into improving bonding strength of metal-plastic hybrids (MPHs). For this purpose, metal sheets were first treated with the nanosecond pulsed laser to induce surface microstructures, followed by being put into the mold cavity, and jointed with plastic via the
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Simple model for the laser powder interaction during direct metal deposition J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 C. L. Chan
In this paper, a simple model is presented for simulating laser and powder interaction during a coaxial laser cladding process, which is a very important part of direct metal deposition. The powder is delivered coaxially with the laser. The idea is to completely melt the powder before it hits the substrate. The laser is being attenuated as it propagates through the cloud of powders. The laser beam
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Determination of copper, magnesium, and manganese in aluminum alloys using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on fiber laser ablation J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Chao Lv, Ning Zhang, Zhanjian Lin, Tianxue Ou, Jiaming Li, Nan Zhao, Xinyan Yang, Qiongxiong Ma, Liang Guo, Qingmao Zhang
Fiber lasers are characterized by high efficiency, good beam quality, and high reliability and are widely used in industries. In addition, the high repetition frequency of fiber lasers can increase the analytical efficiency greatly. In this paper, a nanosecond fiber laser was introduced to be the ablation source in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for determining copper, magnesium, and manganese
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Three-dimensional annular heat source for the thermal simulation of coaxial laser metal deposition with wire J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Avelino Zapata, Xiao Fan Zhao, Shiyu Li, Christian Bernauer, Michael F. Zaeh
Coaxial laser metal deposition with wire (LMD-w) is an innovative additive manufacturing technology in which a wire is coaxially fed through the center of a hollow laser beam into a laser-induced melt pool. This special configuration results in a direction-independent process, which facilitates the manufacturing of thin-walled metal components at high deposition rates. However, laborious experimental
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Clinical applications of lasers in conventional periodontal care J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-26 Milana Čabrilo Lazić, Miljan Puletić, Nikola Radović, Branislava Vuković, Svetislav Zarić, Vladimir Biočanin
Periodontal (gum) diseases present one of the main threats to oral and general health; they are very prevalent across the globe and, if left untreated, lead to tooth loss, with a significant impact on the quality of life. In addition, the impact of gum infection and inflammation on diabetes and cardiovascular disease complications has been well documented. Having in mind the key role of bacteria and
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Intermixing behavior of 1.4430 stainless steel and 1.4718 valve steel inin situalloying using coaxial laser double-wire laser directed energy deposition J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Nick Schwarz, Marius Lammers, Jörg Hermsdorf, Stefan Kaierle, Henning Ahlers, Roland Lachmayer
Coaxial laser wire directed energy deposition promises a direction-independent buildup of near net shape geometries and surface coatings. Simultaneously introducing two different wire materials into the processing zone enables the production of in situ alloyed or even functionally graded structures. Functionally graded materials and in situ alloyed parts aim to extend the range of materials for development
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Research on identification of ink marks based on machine learning and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Jun Feng, Enlai Wan, Boyuan Han, Ziang Chen, Xiaoyuan Liu, Yuzhu Liu
In recent years, new technologies are emerging in the field of judicial expertise, followed by more arduous challenges. In this study, ink marks are used as an example. Meanwhile, machine learning and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are used to analyze the ink marks. This is a new idea in the field of handwriting identification. First, the spectrum is obtained by LIBS. The characteristic
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Fusing optical coherence tomography and photodiodes for diagnosis of weld features during remote laser welding of copper-to-aluminum J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Tine Brežan, Pasquale Franciosa, Matija Jezeršek, Dariusz Ceglarek
This study has been designed to investigate whether variations in the features of laser weldments can be isolated and diagnosed by fusing photodiodes and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Two manufacturing scenarios (variation in laser power and focal offset) have been considered during remote laser welding of 0.2 mm thick Cu foils on 2 mm thick Al 1050 plates with an adjustable ring mode laser integrated
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Mathematical modeling and design for six sigma J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-04 Prabhat Tekriwal
The mathematical modeling (computational fluid dynamics) has been combined with Six Sigma methodology to guide the design of a Range. The concept of Transfer Function development and Robust Design has been explained. A few sample examples including Laser Surface Heating have been included in the context of Transfer Function and Design for Six Sigma. The concept of Lean and its integration with Six
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Utilizing ultrafast lasers for postprocessing to improve mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-04 Darshan Yadav, Ilya Mingareev
Recent advances in additive manufacturing technologies have already led to the wide-scale adoption of 3D-printed parts in the aerospace, medical, automotive, tooling, and electronics industries. The expansion in choice of materials that can be processed, in particular, using fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering/melting, and stereolithography, and the steady advancements in dimensional
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Cu-Au core-shell nanostructures induced by ArF excimer laser irradiation J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Fariba Mansouri, Somayeh Panahibakhsh, Mahmoud Nikoufard
In this paper, Cu-Au nanospherical structures were formed on glass surfaces by nanosecond UV laser irradiation. ArF laser pulses (193 nm wavelength, 15 ns time duration) were used for the experiments. Cu-Au bimetallic thin-film sample surfaces are structured under ArF excimer laser irradiation during the ablation process. Laser irradiation experiments were carried out using different laser fluences
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Influence of an external magnetic field on laser-induced plasma and cavitation bubbles in submerged targets J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Arindom Phukan, Arpita Nath
A pulsed Nd:YAG laser is tightly focussed on a metal target immersed in distilled de-ionized water. The resultant laser-induced plasma and subsequent cavitation bubble behavior are studied under the influence of an external magnetic field that is varied from 700 to 1000 Gauss. The study is conducted using a beam deflection probe arrangement. In addition, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is also
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CO2laser-assisted sintering of TiO2nanoparticles for transparent films J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Yahya Bougdid, Francois Chenard, John Sugrim, Ranganathan Kumar, Aravinda Kar
Nanoelectrospray laser deposition (NELD) of nanoparticles (NPs) on various substrates has attracted considerable attention as a fast, cost-effective, and scalable technique for precise control of heating time and zone. In this work, NELD-assisted sintering of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs on borosilicate glass and quartz substrates is addressed. A 10.6μm CO2 laser was used for patterning and sintering
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Laser welding of different pure copper materials under consideration of shielding gas influence and impact on quality relevant surface topographical features J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Thomas Will, Jannis Kohl, Claudio Hoelbling, Lars Müller, Michael Schmidt
The high demand for electronic products increases the need for high-quality welds of copper. Laser welding can be applied but may result in undesired weld characteristics such as humping or spatter. Process control is needed to identify defective welds in the production line. Surface topographical features can be used to identify different weld characteristics by optical coherence tomography (OCT)
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Pliable solid medium as a plasma confinement layer for laser peening J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Yang Zhang, Takumi Besshi, Miho Tsuyama, Manabu Heya, Hitoshi Nakano
Laser peening is a promising surface treatment technique for enhancing the mechanical performance of metals. In laser peening, the plasma confinement layer contributes to the generation of high-pressure shockwaves by suppressing the expansion of laser-induced plasma. Therefore, the choice of a plasma confinement layer is important for improving laser peening effectiveness. For laser peening in environments
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Influence of the process speed in laser melt injection for reinforcing skin-pass rolls J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-27 Philipp Warneke, Annika Bohlen, Thomas Seefeld
Laser melt injection is a technology for producing metal matrix composite (MMC) layers on tools such as skin-pass rolls by injecting hard particles into a laser-induced weld pool. However, low process speeds prevent the application of laser melt injection on a large scale. To overcome this drawback, a new approach is presented: High-speed laser melt injection (HSLMI) is a promising method for generating
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Multimaterial direct energy deposition: From three-dimensionally graded components to rapid alloy development for advanced materials J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-22 M. Müller, C. C. Labisch, L. Gerdt, L. Bach, M. Riede, J. Kaspar, E. López, F. Brueckner, M. Zimmermann, C. Leyens
Laser-based direct energy deposition (L-DED) with blown powder enables the simultaneous or sequential processing of different powder materials within one component and, thus, offers the possibility of additive multimaterial manufacturing. Therefore, the process allows a spatially resolved material allocation and fabrication of sharp or even graded material transitions. Within this contribution, the
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Quantitative analysis of heavy metals by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique in association with temperature control and KCl additive J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Honglian Li, Chenxing Zhang, Chun Wang, Shizhao Zhang, Shijie Fu, Lide Fang
In order to avoid the spectral signal instability and low detection accuracy originating from “transient plasma” produced by laser-induced breakdown (LIBS) technology, the LIBS system based on three-dimensional scaffold was developed to optimize the optical fiber detection position. The spectral signal quality of samples with different contents of KCl additives (0%–100%) at 20–280 °C was analyzed.
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Hand-Held Laser Welding of AISI301LN for components with aesthetic requirements: Toward the integration of machine and human intelligence J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Leonardo Caprio, Giulio Borzoni, Barbara Previtali, Ali Gökhan Demir
The use of Hand-Held Laser Welding (HHLW) systems in the industry has been rapidly growing in recent years as an alternative solution to conventional manual arc-based welding systems. The decreasing cost of fiber laser sources and optics has been a driving factor in enabling a wider use of HHLW systems, beyond the established advantages of laser technology with respect to arc-based systems. While the
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Suppression of denudation zone using laser profile control in vacuum selective laser melting J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Masahiro Ihama, Yuji Sato, Yuta Mizuguchi, Norio Yoshida, Sasitorn Srisawadi, Dhritti Tanprayoon, Tetsuo Suga, Masahiro Tsukamoto
A vacuum selective laser melting method with a beam profile control was developed to fabricate the high quality 3D object. To investigate the quality of 3D fabrication, the denudation zone (DZ) as a quality indicator was evaluated to make a single bead. The main challenge is to clarify the correlation between the DZ and beam profiles. The beam profiles, such as a Gaussian mode, a doughnut mode, and
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High-speed cleaving of glass and polymers using ultrafast fiber laser J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 Bogusz Stępak, Natalia Grudzień, Katarzyna Kowalska, Yuriy Stepanenko, Michał Nejbauer
Glass cleaving by Bessel-like beams is one of the leading techniques providing high processing throughput and high edge quality. With the possibility to apply it to different transparent materials, this method has great potential in the high-volume production of flat panel displays, camera windows, medical devices, and others. The principle of glass cleaving is the controlled weakening of a hard transparent
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Macrodimensional accuracy of Ti6Al4V parts manufactured by wire-feed high layer thickness continuous laser directed energy deposition J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Sapam Ningthemba Singh, Ashish B. Deoghare
This paper presents a detailed study on the dimensional accuracy of Ti6Al4V parts manufactured by the wire feed laser directed energy deposition process as compared to the design data before any postprocessing, as the majority of the reported research is focused on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the manufactured parts. Due to the large layer thickness (1.2 mm) and high material deposition
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Setup for electrical resistance measurement for laser material deposition with coaxial wire feed and use for process control J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-07 Max Fabian Steiner, Philipp Holger Lohrer, Thomas Schopphoven, Constantin Leon Häfner
Within laser additive manufacturing (directed energy deposition with laser beam), processes are further distinguished by the form of the filler material. In terms of availability, storage, safety, and cost, wire is commonly the preferred filler material in comparison to powder. Despite these advantages, due to the different material transfer modes, a greater process control is required. Within this
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New approach for multi-material design: Combination of laser beam and electromagnetic melt pool displacement by induced Lorentz forces J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Jennifer Heßmann, Kai Hilgenberg
Multimaterial structures are a promising solution to reduce vehicle weight and save fuel or electric energy in automotive design. However, thermal joining of steel and aluminum alloys is a challenge to overcome due to different material properties and the formation of brittle intermetallic phases. In this study, a new joining approach for producing overlap line-shaped joints is presented. The lower
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Characterization of the powder stream propagation behavior of a discrete coaxial nozzle for laser metal deposition J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-10 Annika Bohlen, Thomas Seefeld, Armin Haghshenas, Rodion Groll
Laser metal deposition (LMD) is a blown powder process which can be used for the additive manufacturing of large components or the generation of functional geometries on semifinished parts. In LMD, it is crucial that both the laser intensity and powder mass flow distribution within the process zone are precisely matched for a welding bead of predefined shape and a consistent layer quality. While there
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Nanosecond laser high-precision fabrication of microgrooves on TC4 surface: Morphology simulation and drag reduction performance of microgrooves J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-09 Xulin Wang, Jianwei Ma, Zhenyuan Jia, Chuanheng Gui, Xiaoqian Qi, Wei Liu
With the increasing global awareness of environmental protection, higher requirements are also placed on the fuel consumption rate of aircraft. Microgrooves can reduce the near-wall frictional resistance of aircraft to save fuel, which has become the focus of research in the aviation industry. To realize the low-cost and high-precision fabrication of microgrooves with drag reduction effect, an efficient
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Toward defect-free components in laser metal deposition with coaxial wire feeding through closed-loop control of the melt pool temperature J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 Christian Bernauer, Avelino Zapata, Michael F. Zaeh
Laser metal deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing process in which a metal powder or wire is added to a laser-induced molten pool. This localized deposition of material is used for the manufacturing, modification, and repair of a wide range of metal components. The use of wire as feedstock offers various advantages over the use of powder in terms of the contamination of the process environment
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Investigations of process by-products by means of Schlieren imaging during the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 Siegfried Baehr, Lukas Melzig, Dominik Bauer, Thomas Ammann, Michael F. Zaeh
To produce geometrically complex parts with good mechanical properties, various industries increasingly apply the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam. Sufficient control of this laser-based additive manufacturing process is necessary to achieve a reliable development as well as reproducible part properties. Besides adjusting the standard process parameters, such as the laser power or the
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Some observations on additive manufacturing J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 William Maxwell Steen
Some comments on how Jyoti Mazumder started his laser career, how additive manufacturing (AM) started, and where it is going.
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Visible laser attenuation characteristics using various polymeric nanocomposites J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-07 A. A. Qader
The attenuation characteristic of a semiconductor laser and green laser beam power with various polymer nanocomposites including PbS, TiO2, V2O5, and CuO are investigated experimentally. Various polymeric nanocomposites with the same concentration of different nanoparticles were prepared using a solution casting technique. The distance between the sample and detector as well as the sample and laser
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Study on microstructures and mechanical performance of laser transmission welding of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Yuxuan Liu, Wuxiang Zhang, Junyan Liu, Yingchun Guan, Xilun Ding
The reliable assembly of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) is crucial to effective load transfer within lightweight and high-stiffness structures, which are commonly demanded in aeronautical, automobile, and medical industries. In this work, laser transmission welding of PEEK and CFR-PEEK has been performed by using a 1070 nm Nd:YAG fiber laser. The effects
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Damage characteristics of continuous-wave laser ablation triple-junction solar cells J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Wei Guo, Hao Chang, Cheng Hao Yu, Ming Yu Li
The effect of laser irradiation on triple-junction GaAs cells studied via cell irradiation experiments was carried out using a continuous-wave laser with a wavelength of 808 nm. In the experiments, a thermal imaging system was used to measure the surface temperature of the cell, and the surface morphology of the irradiated cell was analyzed. The output performance of the irradiated cell was measured
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Influence of process parameters in blue laser welding of copper and aluminum thin sheets J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Eriel Perez Zapico, Alessandro Ascari, Alessandro Fortunato, Erica Liverani, Vincenzo Dimatteo
The present study deals with using a blue laser to weld dissimilar thin sheets for applications in the e-mobility field. A 1.5 kW laser source, emitting at 450 nm, was exploited in the lap welding of 0.3 mm thick copper sheets over 0.4 mm thick aluminum 1050 ones. The relatively small spot (485 μm) exploited allowed smooth and narrow beads at a welding speed up to 120 mm/s, guaranteeing a good contact
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Using photodiodes and supervised machine learning for automatic classification of weld defects in laser welding of thin foils copper-to-steel battery tabs J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Giovanni Chianese, Pasquale Franciosa, Tianzhu Sun, Dariusz Ceglarek, Stanislao Patalano
This paper has been designed to study whether photodiodes and supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms are sufficient to automatically classify weld defects caused by simultaneous variation of the part-to-part gap and laser power during remote laser welding (RLW) of thin foils, with applications in battery tabs. Photodiodes are used as the primary source of data and are collected in real-time during
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Additive manufactured of pure copper by blue diode laser induced selective laser melting J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Keisuke Takenaka, Yuji Sato, Norio Yoshida, Mitunari Yoshitani, Manabu Heya, Masahiro Tsukamoto
The authors developed a galvano selective laser melting (SLM) system equipped with a blue diode laser and clarified that the volume of the fabricated pure copper part has an influence on the relative density. SLM is a 3D printing technology. Blue diode laser is anticipated to effectively form pure copper parts because the absorptance of 450 nm light on pure copper is higher than that of conventional
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Combination of Eulerian and ray-tracing approaches for copper laser welding simulation J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Julien Daligault, Morgan Dal, Cyril Gorny, Frédéric Coste, Rémy Fabbro
Laser welding of pure copper and its alloys is a challenging process with a growing industrial interest due to the latest development in the field of electric mobility. The difficulties are mainly related to the material's high thermal conductivity and a poor absorptivity of few percent at the classical IR laser (YAG). It is also well known that such a configuration can lead to the formation of undesirable
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Electrochemical behavior of laser powder bed fusion fabricated 316L stainless steel in a nitric acid solution J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Sahar Soleimani, Mahdi Yeganeh, Seyed Mohammad Lari Baghal
The purpose of this work is to study the microstructure and electrochemical performance of 316L stainless steel fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and commercial rolling (Roll) in 0.5M nitric acid solution. The LPBF-manufactured 316L stainless steel had a higher corrosion resistance in nitric acid solution than the Roll steel. According to the electrochemical studies, the impedance modulus
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Deposition strategies for generating cuboid volumes using extreme high-speed directed energy deposition J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Jonathan Schaible, David Hausch, Thomas Schopphoven, Constantin Häfner
Extreme high-speed directed energy deposition (EHLA) is a variant of directed energy deposition (DED-LB) developed at Fraunhofer ILT in cooperation with RWTH Aachen University. Because of a powder gas jet setup that is aimed at melting particles in the laser beam before they enter the melting pool, high process speeds of up to several hundred meters per minute and a layer thickness as thin as 25 μm
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Deep learning-based penetration depth prediction in Al/Cu laser welding using spectrometer signal and CCD image J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Sanghoon Kang, Minjung Kang, Yong Hoon Jang, Cheolhee Kim
In the laser welding of thin Al/Cu sheets, proper penetration depth and wide interface bead width ensure stable joint strength and low electrical conductance. In this study, we proposed deep learning models to predict the penetration depth. The inputs for the prediction models were 500 Hz-sampled low-cost charge-coupled device (CCD) camera images and 100 Hz-sampled spectral signals. The output was
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Investigations on laser beam welding of thick steel plates using a high-power diode laser beam source J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-27 Oliver Seffer, Sarah Nothdurft, Alexander Hilck, Michael Hustedt, Jörg Hermsdorf, Stefan Kaierle
For joining of thick steel plates, commonly arc welding and partially laser-arc hybrid welding are used. Both techniques offer individual disadvantages besides their advantages. Arc welding processes are typically characterized by low welding speeds, high heat inputs, high distortions, and high filler material consumptions. Laser-arc hybrid welding processes are limited to weldable material thicknesses
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Expanding the capabilities of laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers through the use of electrophotographic powder application J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-27 Sebastian-Paul Kopp, Vadim Medvedev, Thomas Frick, Stephan Roth
Generating multimaterial parts, reaching higher efficiency in powder consumption, and decoupling of powder application behavior from powder properties such as powder flowability are key aspects for using electrophotographic powder application (EPA) in laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers (PBF-LB/P). Moreover, EPA allows the layer thickness to be reduced from around 100–150 μm, depending on respective
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Behavior of melt flow and porosity formation in laser welding of steel to aluminum with cold-sprayed steel interlayer J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-27 Kyohei Maeda, Yuji Sato, Keisuke Takenaka, Shumpei Fujio, Reiichi Suzuki, Tetsuo Suga, Masahiro Tsukamoto
A multimaterial car body design, using light materials in combination with steel, has become widespread in recent years in order to reduce a vehicle's weight. The joining of dissimilar materials is one of the most critical issues in this area. In our previous research, we reported on a new dissimilar laser lap joining method, using a cold-spray process. In that procedure, a steel coating was first
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Research progress on heteromorphic structure parts fabricated by additive manufacturing based on inside-laser coaxial powder feeding J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Yuwei Zhao, Jiaqiang Li, Gangxian Zhu, Shihong Shi, Geyan Fu
Inside-laser material feeding laser cladding deposition (IMF-LCD) is a directed energy deposition technology featuring “hollow beam, annular spot, centered powder, and coaxial powder feeding.” IMF-LCD offers distinct advantages over traditional outside laser material feeding laser cladding deposition (OMF-LCD), such as a good laser-powder coupling effect, high powder utilization, high forming flexibility
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High speed melt flow monitoring and development of an image processing algorithm for laser fusion cutting J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Max Schleier, Cemal Esen, Ralf Hellmann
This contribution presents high-speed camera monitoring of melt pool dynamics for steel during laser fusion cutting and compares the images with recordings in aluminum. The experiments are performed by a 4 kW multimode fiber laser with an emission wavelength of 1070 nm. To visualize the thermal radiation from the process zone during the cutting process, the kerf is captured at sample rates of up to
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Optimization and design for additive manufacturing of a fuel cell end plate J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Dirk Herzog, Tim Röver, Sagynysh Abdolov, Florian Becker, Christoph Gentner
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent today one of the most common types of fuel cells for mobility applications due to their comparatively high-power density, low operating temperature, and low costs. A PEMFC regularly consists of a stack of individual cells in which each consists of polar plates and a membrane electrode assembly. To achieve the best possible electric conductivity
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Laser microdrilling of CFRP with a nanosecond-pulsed high-power laser J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 R. Staehr, V. Wippo, P. Jaeschke, S. Kaierle
The global demand for air travel and air transport is expected to further increase in the next couple of years, and so the environmental protection will also increasingly come into focus again. In the aviation sector, this means not only saving fuel and reducing emissions but also reducing the noise pollution caused by aircrafts. For this purpose, sound-absorbing acoustic liners are used, which consist
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Laser specific energy consumption: How do laser systems compare to other manufacturing processes? J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Lewis C. R. Jones, Nicholas Goffin, Jinglei Ouyang, Nazanin Mirhossein, Jiaji Xiong, Yufeng Li, Lin Li, John Tyrer, Zhu Liu, Elliot Woolley, Yan He, Gaoyang Mi, Paul Mativenga
Laser material interactions are routinely praised for their selective processing and high processing rates. However, this does not guarantee that the total manufacturing system has a low energy intensity compared to conventional manufacturing processes. This paper presents the results of a collaborative UK and China research project to improve the comprehension of the total energy consumption and carbon
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Selective laser crystallization and amorphization in polymer fibers J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Francesca Wheeler, John R. Tyrer, Lewis C. R. Jones
Textile finishing is a huge industry for modification of textile surface properties to align with the desired end use spanning medical, engineering, and apparel applications. Laser-induced polymer morphology modification has been studied by researchers, with evidence suggesting a correlation between laser fluence and crystallinity. However, a lack of data has resulted in the mechanism for change remaining
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Influence of the free surface reconstruction on the spatial laser energy distribution in high power laser beam welding modeling J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Xiangmeng Meng, Stephen Nugraha Putra, Marcel Bachmann, Antoni Artinov, Michael Rethmeier
An accurate and efficient description of the spatial distribution of laser energy is a crucial factor for the modeling of laser material processing, e.g., laser welding, laser cutting, or laser-based additive manufacturing. In this study, a 3D heat transfer and fluid flow model coupled with the volume-of-fluid algorithm for free surface tracking is developed for the simulation of molten pool dynamics
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Visualization of cathode spot control using laser irradiation and oxide addition in wire arc additive manufacturing of titanium alloys J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Tae Hyun Lee, Cheolhee Kim, Je Hoon Oh, Dong Hyuck Kam
Arc instability is one of the most critical problems in gas-metal-arc (GMA) based wire arc additive manufacturing of titanium (Ti) alloys. It can result in a poor bead surface, surface oxidation, and spattering. In particular, the relocation of the cathode spot area is the main cause of big spatters because of the high thermal energy of the molten droplet at the molten pool surface. In this study,
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Designing of aluminium case lid of prismatic battery cell for laser powder bed fusion J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Heikki Saariluoma, Aki Piiroinen, Eero Immonen, Heidi Piili, Antti Salminen
The present work provides an overview on an additive manufacturing (AM) design case of a novel battery cell lid structure (patent pending) for electrical vehicle applications. The benefits of AM have not yet been explored on metal case structures of prismatic battery cells. The method allows the manufacturing of complex hollow structures and integration of multiple functions in one part. The main challenge
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Remote laser spot welding of AISI 430 sheets by fiber lasers—A phenomenal effect in refining weld microstructure with nanosecond pulses J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-20 Aniruddha Kumar, Nilabja Kanti Sarkar, Suman Neogy
In the present work, we have compared the results of microstructural and mechanical property characterization of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel spot welds made remotely using a repetitive nanosecond pulsed fiber laser and a CW fiber laser. Optical/electron microscopy, microhardness test, and tensile shear tests were performed for evaluation of the welds. Welds made by the pulsed nanosecond laser
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Effect of blue diode laser intensity on welding of pure copper wire using blue-IR hybrid laser J. Laser Appl. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-20 Shumpei Fujio, Keisuke Takenaka, Yuji Sato, Rika Ito, Eiji Hori, Masahiro Tsukamoto
A welding of a pure copper wire was conducted with a hybrid laser system, which combines a blue laser and an infrared (IR) laser to achieve a highly efficient and spatterless laser welding of pure copper. In the experiment, a blue-IR hybrid laser was irradiated onto a 3 × 3 × 20 mm3 pure copper wire, and the intensity of the blue laser was varied to clarify the effect of the combining of the blue diode