The work investigates the design and optimisation of vildagliptin (VLG)-loaded gellan gum beads for sustained release delivery. The VLG beads were prepared by the ionotropic-gelation method. A 3 2 response surface methodology was used to optimised the effects of independent variables such as gellan gum to sodium alginate ratio ( X 1 ) and concentration of CaCl2 ( X 2 %) on dependent variables such

This work deals with the unique TiO2/Cu2O nanocomposite was synthesised by a hydrothermal precipitation way and high photocatalytic degradation of target organic toxin over the photocatalytic coordination. The structure, morphology, composition, optical and photocatalytic belongings of the as-prepared nanomaterials (NMs) were analytically considered in aspect. In 80 min of exposure time, closely 94

Cesium tungsten bronze nanoparticles have excellent near infrared lightresponse characteristics, easy surface modification and low cytotoxicity, which are attractive for tumor photothermal therapy. In this paper, cesium tungsten bronze nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction method using cesium hydroxide as raw material. In order to improve the properties of dispersion and

Organic dyes are mostly used in textile, paper, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industries etc., as colouring agents and being disposed in the environment that makes serious health issues. Therefore, this study has focused to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using AgNO3 and Punica granatum seeds extract as reducing/capping agent. The plasmonic absorption of obtained silver nanoparticles

Pristine and iron (Fe) doped tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by using a microwave aided co-precipitation method and the effect of doping on structural, optical and photocatalytic belongings have been investigated by XRD, FTIR, HR-SEM with EDX mapping, UV-Vis. DRS and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra respectively. XRD analysis has revealed a tetragonal SnO2 structure and the typical

In recent years, perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have become a new class of semiconductor materials due to their high monodispersity and adjustable emission spectra. However, there are few studies on perovskite QDs ligands, and there are some problems such as poor stability and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Here, we prepared CsPbBr3 QDs with excellent optical properties and crystallinity

Local delivery of antibiotics utilising bone cement is a well-known approach for controlling postoperative infections related to implant. 1, 5 and 10 wt.% of clindamycin (Cli) was embedded into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)–based bone cement for inhibiting postsurgical infection. Clindamycin antibiotic drug was homogeneously embedded into the matrix of PMMA-based cement. The results revealed that the

The present work describes the synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of lignin-polylactic acid (PLA) blended film. Film was prepared using co-polymerisation reaction of lignin and lactic acid in the presence of stannous chloride as a catalyst and poly(vinyl alcohol) to get the uniform film. The properties of the film was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction

By immobilising LaFeO3 and Au nanoparticles on the surface of Cu2O polyhedral microspheres, we have prepared novel binary LaFeO3/Cu2O and ternary Au/LaFeO3/Cu2O composite photocatalysts. The as-fabricated composites were systematically investigated by using various characterisation techniques. Photocurrent response and EIS measurements suggest that the composite photocatalysts exhibit an electron/hole

In the present work, monolithic pure magnesium (Mg) and magnesium with 1.5, 2.5 & 5.0 wt. % of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticulate composites were synthesised using powder metallurgy technique followed by two-stage hybrid microwave sintering and hot extrusion at 350°C with an extrusion ratio of 16:1. Mass density, porosity, microstructure, microhardness and compressive strength of the composite

Bismuth ferrite nanostructure, BiFeO3, (BFO) belonging to perovskite family, was synthesised by a chemical route sintering temperature at 800°C for 6 h. The crystalline phase of the materials was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and particle size of the BFO samples were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, respectively

The PEDOT/TiO2 nanocomposites with different TiO2 particle sizes were fabricated by a simple soft chemical approach-assisted in situ synthesis route and used as an effective cathode of Li-S batteries. When the TiO2 particle size was 5 nm, the discharge capacity of the cells is the best and the initial discharge capacity is 859.7 mAhg−1, within 300 charge–discharge cycles at 1 C. The improvement on

Pure, and doped with Al/Mn, ZnO nanoparticles were produced by the chemical co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystalline with wurtzite structure of pure and doped samples. Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis was used to determine the crystallite size and micro-strains. The change in the bond length and lattice parameters of the doped ZnO confirms the incorporation

Highly transparent thin films of aluminium doped ZnO along with specific silver co-doping are deposited by sol-gel spin coating, which show preferred single orientation along (100) plane. Presence of Al dopant reduces, whereas co-doping with Ag improves crystallinity. Films show sharp absorption in near UV region and band gap observes minor shifts. UV and blue emission peaks are seen in the photoluminescence

Ultrasound has the ability to be concentrated into a limited area of a tumor to activate a sonosensitizer. To develop the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy of cancer utilizing sonosensitizers, we improved an innovative titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles functionalized porphyrin and discussed its features and sonotoxicity on tumor cells. Briefly, TiO2nanoparticle has been created by means of titanium

This study reports development of engineered fluorcanasite frankemenite-fluorapatite glass-ceramic materials for potential bone scaffold applications. A systematic approach was undertaken to selectively tune the glass compositions and process parameters towards developing bone mimicking crystalline microstructure and enhancement of bioactive response. Differential thermal analysis was performed to design

V2O5 has been recently reported for its promising adsorption capability. However, the desorption using V2O5 at room-temperature is not possible. The commercial TiO2 is well-known photocatalyst; however, it shows negligible adsorption under dark. Herein, four different TiO2-supported V2O5 samples with 10, 20, 30, and 40 mole% V2O5 loadings were fabricated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy

In this research, theEu/TiO2composite coatings were formed in Na2H2PO4+ KOH + Eu2O3by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technology with different voltages. The morphology, composition and photocatalytic performance of the coatings were investigated. Surface morphology results showed that the micropores decreased on quantity with the increasing voltage. XRD showed the Eu/TiO2 coatings are composed

Undoped and Ca doped ZnO Wurtzite nanostructures were prepared via sol-gel co-precipitation. Heavy Ca doping causes structural deterioration due to larger ionic radius of Ca2+. Strain-induced deformation has been analysed by W-H method. Rietveld analysis has revealed changes in bond length due to doping. Optical transparency and band gap have been determined by UV-Vis and Tauc’s plot, respectively

Additive manufacturing (AM), assisted by modern design tools, has recently shown a great potential for fabricating synthetic bone scaffolds. AM offers better control over structural features of porous scaffolds at the time of fabrication. In this study, calcium sulphate-based porous bone scaffolds have been fabricated using 3D printing technology. Initially, the minimum pore size (600 µm) that can

Bi4Ti3O12-BaTiO3 (BTO-BT) nanocomposite, a Aurivillius oxide, which is synthesised by modified solid-state route, and characterised by various techniques like FTIR, XRD, TEM, UV-DRS, Zetasizer Nano-ZS, AFM, BET, SEM-EDX and XPS for the phase identification, microstructural analysis, bandgap determination, elemental analysis and oxidation state of the material. Formation of BTO-BT nanocomposite (orthorhombic

The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection can be treated via clofazimine (CLF)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Precipitation-hot microemulsification-probe sonication method was employed for formulation of CLF-NLCs and optimised by using 33 Box–Behnken design. The surface of CLF-NLCs was modified with mannose ligands. The mannose modified and bare CLF-NLC formulations show highest encapsulation

Today, the use of posterior stabilized implants has begun to become widely. Therefore, it is important to compare this type of prosthesis with existing knee prosthesis. In this study, the wear and validation of the posterior stabilized total knee prosthesis with knee simulator was evaluated. The test was carried out to determine the validation of the used total knee prosthesis. Size 3 posterior stabilized

This study aimed to enhance the stability and compatibility of swertiamarin by loading it on amino-functionalised graphene oxide (GO) by ultrasonication. The nanoformulation showed a new peak in the FTIR spectrum (1658 cm−1) and a coupled peak in the UV-Vis spectrum implying CO-NH2 interaction between swertiamarin and functionalised GO. The SEM image revealed a sheet-like appearance with an average

In this work controlled release devices for transdermal administration of metoprolol were developed. Poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) were used for producing membranes by solvent-casting technique. The release kinetic of the drug from the membranes was evaluated by ex-vivo experimental studies. All the prepared membranes exhibited a linear release profile in the investigated time. The

All-ceramic Li batteries (CLBs) are expected as next generation energy storage devices because of their potential to have higher energy density and safety than nowadays Li-ion batteries. Garnet structured Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) plays an important role on CLB developments due to its fast Li-ion conductivity, intrinsic stability toward Li and high chemical and electrochemical stabilities. After a decade

To improve the surface bioactivity of carbon/carbon composites, functionalized carbon nanotube-gelatin-Zn doped hydroxyapatite (FIC-GL-ZnH) composite coatings were fabricated on carbon/carbon composites by a combination method of chemical vapor deposition, soaking and electrochemical deposition method. The morphology, bonding strength and in-vitro bioactivity of composite coating were investigated

The high degradation rate limits the clinical applications of calcium silicate bioceramics. In this paper, Ca2MgSi2O7 and Ca2ZnSi2O7 were successfully prepared using sol-gel method by incorporating magnesium and zinc into Ca–Si-based system. The results showed that the obtained ceramics presented the macroporous structure and the incorporation of zinc obviously reduced the samples specific surface

In the present study, a novel bioglass (BG)-incorporated α-triphosphate calcium (α-TCP)/gypsum composite cement with poly (γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) aqueous solution as a reactive liquid phase was developed. The effects of BG content on the properties of the PGA modified α-TCP/gypsum composite cement (PGA-Cement) were systematically investigated. Results revealed that the introduction of BG (5–20 wt%)

Ti-6Al-4 V and Ti-6Al-4 V ELI alloys were surface modified with nanotube layers by electrochemical anodisation technique. Osteoblast cell viability and their osteogenic behaviour were studied. It was found that the pore diameters of the nanotubes were in the range of 70–105 nm for Ti-6Al-4 V sample and 60–130 nm for Ti-6Al-4 V ELI sample. Porosity was calculated to be in the range of 75–85% of the

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) has drawn great attraction due to its high theoretical specific capacity (916 mAh g−1), low cost, highlighted chemical stability and environmental benignity. However, it demonstrates poor electrochemical performance due to low instinctive electrical conductivity, huge volume expansion and serious collapse during repeated cycling. In this work, CoFe2O4@C/graphene composite is

Conventional fabrication of metal Nanoparticles results with a huge price tag and is hazardous to the environment. Hence "Green Technologies" is preferred. This work exhibits modest and bio-friendly fabrication methods of Manganese Oxide (MnO) nanoparticles (NPs) with Trigonella Foenum-Graecum (TFG) commonly known as Fenugreek. The extract prepared from fenugreek seeds acts as both reducing as well

One of the most significant parameters of the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) for 3D printing process is the raster angle. In this study, the five different raster angles are used to fabricate the 3D parts using thermoplastic material - polylactic acid (PLA), and tensile properties of these parts are investigated to identify the best raster position to fabricate the strongest 3D printing part. In

Ferrites have been serving as clinical elements over the past few years as contrasting agents in MRI, gene transfection, gene consignment and to attach cytotoxic drugs for targeted drug delivery. In this study, we report the synthesis of zinc ferrite and silver substituted zinc ferrite and its novel applications on drug delivery. The magnetic nanoparticle was characterised using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis

A simple procedure of solvothermal synthesis of Silver doped Nickel ferrite nanoparticle is described in this paper for the application of drug delivery. The microwave absorption and SERS phenomena of silver nanoparticles and water-absorbent property of the polymer material such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) to bypass fast identification by the antibodies are made use in the synthesis of Ag-doped nickel

Bone regeneration is a dynamic and complex process that encompasses active recruitment of osteogenic cells, proliferation and differentiation of such cells, formation of bone matrix and bone remodelling. In recent years, microspheres have garnered much attention due to their capability to serve as tissue engineering scaffolds and vehicles for drug delivery for trauma therapy. This review will present

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is widely studied owing to its high adsorption capacity for various substances. In this study, HAp containing iron ions (FeAp) was synthesised by a simulated body fluid method, and the solid-solution state of iron in FeAp crystals was investigated to evaluate the photo-Fenton reaction. The crystalline phase and lattice parameters of the sample were determined through X-ray diffraction

In this paper, a kind of pH-responsive mesoporous silica targeted drug delivery system (DOX-loaded N-CQDs/HA gated pSiO2/MPEG-Glu) was designed and synthesised. In this system, active mesoporous silica (pSiO2) worked as a carrier material, methoxy polyethene glycol amine (MPEG) and L-glutamic acid (Glu) can be coupled and grafted to the surface of the pSiO2 drug carrier to improve the stability of

Here, human genomic DNA (hDNA) was encapsulated into supermacroporous alginate beads (SMPA) fabricated via microinjection and freeze-thawing cryogelation protocol. The scanning electron microscopy of the SMPA beads demonstrated smooth and centred burgled morphologies, while the encapsulated hDNA showed brilliant green fluorescence when visualised by fluorescence microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency

Several metal oxide nanocomposites produced by multiple doping approaches with a combination of rare earth metals tend to show improved performance in various areas such as electrochemical, photocatalytic, and biomedical. In this study, NiO-CGO (Nickel-based Gadolinia-doped ceria with composition NiO-Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ) nanocomposite was synthesised by co-precipitation route using rare earth-based metal

Piezoelectric energy generator with an unimorph cantilever working in 31-mode can convert external mechanical stimuli into electrical energy. Its potential application includes wireless sensor network and integrated electronic devices. In this work, an unimorph cantilever subjected to an external mechanical excitation is discussed. Analytical expressions relating generated electric charge, the open

Metal organic frameworks derived hybrid microspheres consisted of Ni3N and nitrogen-doped carbon were prepared by a facile in situ nitridation process. The as prepared Ni3N@C electrocatalysts displayed superior performance for non-enzymatic glucose sensing with two linear detection ranges. The sensitivity in the lower detection range (0.001–3 mM) is 1511.59 μAmM−1 cm−2 with detection limit of 0.3 μM

The present study addresses the issue of infection on and around titanium orthopaedic implants by modifying the Ti6Al4V implant surface with titania nanotubes via electrochemical anodisation followed by coating with a bioactive compound, curcumin. This natural phytochemical compound was used as coating material to enhance the hydrophobicity of the surface to limit initial bacterial adhesion and further

In this work, biodegradable Mg-Ca-Zn-Zr-Cu alloy specimens were manufactured for temporary implant (compression bone screw or interference screw) applications in the bone fixation applications. Mg-Ca-Zn-Zr-Cu alloy specimens were produced by the metal (powder) injection moulding (MIM/PIM) method. Small and complex parts can be manufactured with the metal (powder) injection moulding (MIM) technique

Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) was doped with 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, anthraflavic acid and 2-ethylanthraquinone. The organic semiconductors obtained were used in the manufacture of thin films, which were characterized . Films were used to prepare (PET/ITO/doped ZnPc/Ag) flexible devices, whose electric conductivity was evaluated as a function of temperature; some of the devices show a considerable increase

In this work, oxygen vacancies in MgAl2O4 crystal were investigated using the first-principles. The Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) was adopted to reproduce the experimental band gap. The finite-size correction scheme was applied to eliminate the unreal interaction between charged defects and their periodic images. Finally, taking into account of the electron-phonon coupling, we obtained the optical

Design of a scaffold with convenient mechanical properties to emulate bone structure is a major challenge for bone tissue engineers. In this study, porous ceramic scaffolds containing various weight fractions of nano β-tricalcium phosphate (nβ-TCP) (with a particle size of about 50-70 nm) were prepared by the replication method. Synthesised scaffolds were then coated with poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)

In this study, we revealed that melanin biomaterial extracted from squid ink-sacs could effectively remove both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from water. A solid/liquid ratio of 25 mg/mL, melanin was able to remove 82% and 63% of E. coli and V. vulcificus, respectively; and, at any tested solid/liquid ratios of 5, 15, or 25 mg/mL, melanin could eliminate almost all B.cereus and S.aureus

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is one of the promising energy sources for wireless sensor networks and integrated devices. One way to enhance the efficiency of energy harvesting is through the electrical impedance matching. In piezoelectric energy harvesting system, the electrical impedance matching can increase the output voltage and energy from the generated electrical energy to the harvesting circuit

A self-helix structure Si3N4 nanobelts reinforced hydroxyapatite (HSN/HA) coating has been synthesised on carbon/carbon composites by a combination method of catalyst-assisted pyrolysis of polymeric precursors and electrochemical deposition. The morphology, microstructure, and bonding strength of the coating were analysed. An individual Si3N4 nanobelt showed a self-helical shape. The bonding strength

The primary objective of the study was to investigate the mucoadhesion and gelling behaviour of mucilage isolated from the tubers of Eulophia herbacea (Orchidaceae), and to search the possibility of enhanced brain targetability through naso-brain delivery of stearylamine-tailored cationic neuronanoemulsions (cNNEs)-laden hydrogel formulation. The NNEs were fabricated using hot high-pressure homogenisation

This work was performed to investigate the mechanical and tribological properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement strengthened by nano-alumina (Al2O3) and nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. Seven cement groups with different amounts of Al2O3 (3 and 5 wt. %) and HA (5 and 10 wt. %) nano-particles were prepared and the nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests were employed to obtain

A distinctive hierarchical hybrid nanostructure which consists of the ultrathin and vertical NiMn2O4 nanosheets grown on reduced graphene oxide (NiMn2O4 NSs@rGO) is synthesised as a non-enzyme glucose sensor by a simple co-precipitation and hydrothermal procedure. The structures and morphologies of the NiMn2O4 NSs@rGO nanocomposites are investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning

A novel ZnO film of two dimension ordered spherical structure has been synthesised via RF magnetron sputtering method using monodispersed polystyrene spheres as template. The 2D-ordered spherical ZnO film was characterised by SEM, TEM, XRD, and DRUV–vis. In this work, growth process and photocatalytic ability of the 2D-ordered spherical ZnO film were studied. The 2D-ordered spherical film shows 2.3

Currently, orthopaedic implant materials such as titanium alloy are biologically inert materials which are not easily integrated with bone tissues, thus resulting in implantation failures due to the loosening and infection. In this study, bioactive MgXCu(X = 0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7) coatings were successfully fabricated on Ti6Al4 V substrate by arc ion plating (AIP) technique to improve the antibacterial

In the present study, HDTMA-mediated synthesis of Nitrogen-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (N-doped SnO2) was carried out by sol gel route without using ammonia solution. HDTMA also acts as a nitrogen dopant. X ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed tetragonal rutile crystal structure of SnO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed spherical morphology of N-doped SnO2. UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy

Cadmium-substituted manganese ferrite nanoparticles with the general formula Mn1‒xCdxFe2O4(x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) were synthesised by the citrate‒gel auto combustion method. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed formation of a cubic phase spinel structure with Fd3ˉm space group. FT-IR confirms stretching vibration of tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites in the spinel lattice. Microstructural

Polycrystalline samples of Bi substituted YMnO3 belonging to the series Y1-xBixMnO3 (x = 0, 0.3 and 0.5) were synthesised by employing a citrate gel method. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a dominant phase of YMnO3 and scanning electron microscopy revealed grain growth. Temperature-dependent dielectric studies showed an increase in the dielectric response with temperature and also a change

In this work, the corrosion resistance of 316 L-Cu stainless steel (SS) after passivation at different potentials was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The antibacterial property of passivated 316 L-Cu SS was also investigated by plate counting and live-dead cell staining combined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. X-ray photoelectron

Mg-doped LiMn1-xMgxPO4/C (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) compounds were synthesised using a ball-milling-assisted solid-state reaction. The influence of the Mg-doping on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4 were systematically investigated. The XRD results demonstrated that the obtained LiMn1-xMgxPO4/C products possess a single olivine-type structure. Particularly, the