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Statistical learning as a reference point for memory distortions: Swap and shift errors Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Paul S. Scotti, Yoolim Hong, Julie D. Golomb, Andrew B. Leber
Humans use regularities in the environment to facilitate learning, often without awareness or intent. How might such regularities distort long-term memory? Here, participants studied and reported the colors of objects in a long-term memory paradigm, uninformed that certain colors were sampled more frequently overall. When participants misreported an object’s color, these errors were often centered
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Attentional bias induced by stimulus control (ABC) impairs measures of the approximate number system Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Marcus Lindskog, Leo Poom, Anders Winman
Pervasive congruency effects characterize approximate number discrimination tasks. Performance is better on congruent (the more numerous stimulus consists of objects of larger size that occupy a larger area) than on incongruent (where the opposite holds) items. The congruency effects typically occur when controlling for nonnumeric variables such as cumulative area. Furthermore, only performance on
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Revealing the effects of temporal orienting of attention on response conflict using continuous movements Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Melisa Menceloglu, Satoru Suzuki, Joo-Hyun Song
Orienting attention in time enables us to prepare for forthcoming perception and action (e.g., estimating the duration of a yellow traffic light when driving). While temporal orienting can facilitate performance on simple tasks, its influence on complex tasks involving response conflict is unclear. Here, we adapted the flanker paradigm to a choice-reaching task where participants used a computer mouse
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Reward makes the rhythmic sampling of spatial attention emerge earlier Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Zhongbin Su, Lihui Wang, Guanlan Kang, Xiaolin Zhou
A growing body of evidence demonstrates a rhythmic characteristic of spatial attention, with the corresponding behavioral performance fluctuating periodically. Here, we investigate whether and how the rhythmic characteristic of spatial attention is affected by reward—an important factor in attentional selection. We adopted the classic spatial cueing paradigm with a time-resolved stimulus-onset-asynchrony
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The tactile Eriksen flanker effect: A time course analysis Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Ana Baciero, Isabel Uribe, Pablo Gomez
In the present paper, we explore the temporal dynamics of the flanker effect in the tactile modality and compare it with findings in the visual modality. We created a tactile version of the flanker task in which we presented groups of dots oriented either vertically or horizontally to a participant’s fingertips. The target stimulus was presented to the middle finger, while the flanker stimuli were
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Listener characteristics differentially affect self-reported and physiological measures of effort associated with two challenging listening conditions Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Alexander L. Francis, Tessa Bent, Jennifer Schumaker, Jordan Love, Noah Silbert
Listeners vary in their ability to understand speech in adverse conditions. Differences in both cognitive and linguistic capacities play a role, but increasing evidence suggests that such factors may contribute differentially depending on the listening challenge. Here, we used multilevel modeling to evaluate contributions of individual differences in age, hearing thresholds, vocabulary, selective attention
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Perceiving ensemble statistics of novel image sets Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Noam Khayat, Stefano Fusi, Shaul Hochstein
Perception, representation, and memory of ensemble statistics has attracted growing interest. Studies found that, at different abstraction levels, the brain represents similar items as unified percepts. We found that global ensemble perception is automatic and unconscious, affecting later perceptual judgments regarding individual member items. Implicit effects of set mean and range for low-level feature
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A beginning quantitative taxonomy of cognitive activation systems and application to continuous flow processes Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Much progress has been made in the investigation of perceptual, cognitive, and action mechanisms under the assumption that when one subprocess precedes another, the first one starts and finishes before the other begins. We call such processes “Dondersian” after the Dutch physiologist who first formulated this concept. Serial systems obey this precept (e.g., Townsend, 1974). However, most dynamic systems
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Intention matters more than attention: Item-method directed forgetting of items at attended and unattended locations Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Tracy L. Taylor, Jeff P. Hamm
This study embedded attentional cues in the study phase of an item-method directed forgetting task. We used an unpredictive onset cue (Experiment 1), a predictive onset cue (Experiment 2), or a predictive central cue (Experiments 3–6) to direct attention to the left or right. In Experiments 1–5, this was followed by a pink or blue study word that required a speeded colour discrimination; in Experiment
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The effect of emotional valence and age of faces on adults and children’s inattentional blindness Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Xiuying Wei, Hui Zhang, Jiangbo Hu, Jinya Xu, Jiale Wang
Inattentional blindness (IB) refers to the nature of an individual being unaware of an unexpected stimulus when focusing on an attentional task. Investigation into IB provides an innovative approach for the research of attentional bias that is connected with an individual’s immediate attentional capture. This study explored the effect of emotional valence and age of faces on the IB rates of children
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Target templates in low target-distractor discriminability visual search have higher resolution, but the advantage they provide is short-lived Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Jonas Sin-Heng Lau, Hal Pashler, Timothy F. Brady
When you search repeatedly for a set of items among very similar distractors, does that make you more efficient in locating the targets? To address this, we had observers search for two categories of targets among the same set of distractors across trials. Visual and conceptual similarity of the stimuli were validated with a multidimensional scaling analysis, and separately using a deep neural network
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The role of cognitive factors and personality traits in the perception of illusory self-motion (vection) Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Sarah D’Amour, Laurence R. Harris, Stefan Berti, Behrang Keshavarz
Vection is a perceptual phenomenon that describes the visually induced subjective sensation of self-motion in the absence of physical motion. Previous research has discussed the potential involvement of top-down cognitive mechanisms on vection. Here, we quantified how cognitive manipulations such as contextual information (i.e., expectation) and plausibility (i.e., chair configuration) alter vection
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A new transformation of cone responses to opponent color responses Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Ralph W. Pridmore
It is widely agreed that the color vision process moves quickly from cone receptors to opponent color cells in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus. Many workers have proposed the transformation or coding of long, medium, short (LMS) cone responses to r − g, y − b opponent color chromatic responses (unique hues) on the following basis: That L, M, S cones represent Red, Green, and Blue hues, with
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Ensemble perception during multiple-object tracking Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Reem Alzahabi, Matthew S. Cain
Multiple-object tracking studies consistently reveal attentive tracking limits of approximately three to five items. How do factors such as visual grouping and ensemble perception impact these capacity limits? Which heuristics lead to the perception of multiple objects as a group? This work investigates the role of grouping on multiple-object tracking ability, and more specifically, in identifying
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Range and distribution effects on number line placement Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Simon Kemp, Matt Grice, Dena Makarious, Kate Stuart, Georgina C. Carvell, Nicola J. Morton, Randolph C. Grace
People’s placement of numbers on number lines sometimes shows linear and sometimes compressive scaling. We investigated whether people’s placement of numbers was affected by their range and distribution, as indicated by Parducci’s (Psychological Review, 72, 407–418, 1965) range-frequency theory. Experiment 1 found large compressive effects when the endpoints were 1 and 1016. Experiment 2 showed compression
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Multiple concurrent centroid judgments imply multiple within-group salience maps Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Peng Sun, Veronica Chu, George Sperling
Abstract Subjects viewed a brief flash of 8–24 dots of either two or three colors randomly arrayed. Their task was to move a mouse cursor to the centroid (center-of-gravity) of each color in a pre-designated order. Conventional and idea-detector analyses show that subjects accurately judged all three centroids utilizing an astounding 13/24 stimulus dots, with only a modest loss of accuracy compared
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Attentional tracking takes place over perceived rather than veridical positions Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Marvin R. Maechler, Patrick Cavanagh, Peter U. Tse
Illusions can induce striking differences between perception and retinal input. For instance, a static Gabor with a moving internal texture appears to be shifted in the direction of its internal motion, a shift that increases dramatically when the Gabor itself is also in motion. Here, we ask whether attention operates on the perceptual or physical location of this stimulus. To do so, we generated an
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An analysis of the perception of stop consonants in bilinguals and monolinguals in different phonetic contexts: A range-based language cueing approach Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Adrián García-Sierra, Elizabeth Schifano, Gianna M. Duncan, Melanie S. Fish
Bilinguals’ observed perceptual shift across language contexts for shared acoustic properties between their languages supports the idea that bilinguals, but not monolinguals, develop two phonemic representations for the same acoustic property. This phenomenon is known as the double phonemic boundary. This investigation replicated previous findings of bilinguals’ double phonemic boundary across a series
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Talker familiarity and the accommodation of talker variability Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 James S. Magnuson, Howard C. Nusbaum, Reiko Akahane-Yamada, David Saltzman
A fundamental problem in speech perception is how (or whether) listeners accommodate variability in the way talkers produce speech. One view of the way listeners cope with this variability is that talker differences are normalized – a mapping between talker-specific characteristics and phonetic categories is computed such that speech is recognized in the context of the talker’s vocal characteristics
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Task-specific engagement of object-based and space-based attention with spatiotemporally defined objects Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Qingzi Zheng, Cathleen M. Moore
We used a form of ambiguous apparent motion known as Ternus motion to isolate the effects of object-based and space-based attention, and to explore functional differences between them. Two frames of horizontally aligned disks that were shifted by one position between frames were temporally separated by either a short or a long inter-stimulus interval (ISI). Short ISI displays were perceived as element
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Ensemble perception: Extracting the average of perceptual versus numerical stimuli Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 David Rosenbaum, Vincent de Gardelle, Marius Usher
Recent research has established that humans can extract the average perceptual feature over briefly presented arrays of visual elements or the average of a rapid temporal sequence of numbers. Here we compared the extraction of the average over briefly presented arrays, for a perceptual feature (orientations) and for numerical values (1–9 digits), using an identical experimental design for the two tasks
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Both feature comparisons and location comparisons are subject to bias Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Ailsa Humphries, Zhe Chen, Kyle R. Cave
Four experiments explore the generalizability of two different types of bias in visual comparison. The first type is a spatial congruency bias, in which two target stimuli are more likely to be classified as matching (‘same’) if they appear successively at the same location. The second type is an analytic bias, which varies depending on the overall similarity of the displays and the need to select
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Synergy between research on ensemble perception, data visualization, and statistics education: A tutorial review Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Lucy Cui, Zili Liu
In the age of big data, we are constantly inventing new data visualizations to consolidate massive amounts of numerical information into smaller and more digestible visual formats. These data visualizations use various visual features to convey quantitative information, such as spatial position in scatter plots, color saturation in heat maps, and area in dot maps. These data visualizations are typically
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Set size and ensemble perception of numerical value Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Kassandra R. Lee, Taylor D. Dague, Kenith V. Sobel, Nickolas J. Paternoster, Amrita M. Puri
There is a growing body of research on ensemble perception, or our ability to form ensemble representations based on perceptual features for stimuli of varying levels of complexity, and more recently, on ensemble cognition, which refers to our ability to perceive higher-level properties of stimuli such as facial attractiveness or gaze direction. Less is known about our ability to form ensemble representations
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Auditory attentional filter in the absence of masking noise Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Elan Selvi Anandan, Ruby Husain, Kumar Seluakumaran
Abstract Signals containing attended frequencies are facilitated while those with unexpected frequencies are suppressed by an auditory filtering process. The neurocognitive mechanism underlying the auditory attentional filter is, however, poorly understood. The olivocochlear bundle (OCB), a brainstem neural circuit that is part of the efferent system, has been suggested to be partly responsible for
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A direct comparison of central tendency recall and temporal integration in the successive field iconic memory task Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Jacob Zepp, Chad Dubé, David Melcher
The ensemble coding literature suggests the existence of a fast, automatic formation of some ensemble codes. Can statistical representations, such as memory for the central tendency along a particular visual feature dimension, be extracted from information held in the sensory register? Furthermore, can knowledge of early, iconic memory processes be used to determine how central tendency is extracted
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Individual optimization of risky decisions in duration and distance estimations Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 Robbert van der Mijn, Atser Damsma, Niels Taatgen, Hedderik van Rijn
Many everyday decisions require an accurate perception of how much time has passed since a previous event. Although humans estimate time intervals with a high degree of mean accuracy, the precision of estimations varies greatly between individuals. In situations in which accurate timing is rewarded but responding too early is punished, the optimal amount of risk is directly dependent on the precision
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Correction to: The pleasure of multiple images Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Aenne A. Brielmann, Denis G. Pelli
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02218-5
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Correction to: Metacognition of average face perception Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Luyan Ji, William G. Hayward
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02222-9
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Effects of conflict trial proportion: A comparison of the Eriksen and Simon tasks Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Karin M. Bausenhart, Rolf Ulrich, Jeff Miller
Two experiments examined global and local behavioral adaptation effects within and across the Eriksen task, where conflict is based on stimulus letter identities, and the Simon task, where conflict is based on stimulus and response locations. Trials of the two tasks were randomly intermixed, and the list-wide proportion of congruent trials was varied in both tasks (Experiment 1) or in just one task
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Do group ensemble statistics bias visual working memory for individual items? A registered replication of Brady and Alvarez (2011) Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Frank Papenmeier, J. David Timm
We performed a registered and precise replication of Experiment 1 reported in Brady and Alvarez (Psychological Science, 22, 384–392, 2011). The original experiment found that participants, who were asked to memorize the size of differently colored circles, reported the size of a probed circle biased toward the mean size of the same-colored group. Because our previous three unpublished replication attempts
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Distractor suppression leads to reduced flanker interference Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Yavor Ivanov, Jan Theeuwes
Recent studies using the additional singleton paradigm have shown that regularities in distractor locations can cause biases in the spatial priority map, such that attentional capture by salient singletons is reduced for locations that are likely to contain distractors. It has been suggested that this type of suppression is proactive (i.e., occurring before display onset). The current study replicated
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Visual imagery influences attentional guidance during visual search: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Brett A. Cochrane, Ben Townsend, Ryan C. Lee, Joey K. Legere, Bruce Milliken, Judith M. Shedden
Recent behavioral studies have shown that color imagery can benefit visual search when it is congruent with an upcoming target. In the present study we investigated whether this color imagery benefit was due to the processes underlying attentional guidance, as indicated by the electrophysiological marker known as the N2pc component. Participants were instructed to imagine a color prior to each trial
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Statistical regularities cause attentional suppression with target-matching distractors Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 Dirk Kerzel, Stanislas Huynh Cong
Visual search may be disrupted by the presentation of salient, but irrelevant stimuli. To reduce the impact of salient distractors, attention may suppress their processing below baseline level. While there are many studies on the attentional suppression of distractors with features distinct from the target (e.g., a color distractor with a shape target), there is little and inconsistent evidence for
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Is effector visibility critical for performance asymmetries in the Simon task? Evidence from hand- and foot-press responses Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 Jing Chen, Julia C. Seibold, Qi Zhong, Jochen Müsseler, Robert W. Proctor
The Simon effect is a stimulus-response compatibility effect in which the spatial dimension of the stimulus is task-irrelevant. This effect is often larger in reaction time (RT) for the stimulus located on the dominant-hand side of participants, for most of which it is the right hand, due to dominant-hand keypress responses being faster than non-dominant-hand responses. Experiment 1 demonstrated that
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An investigation of how relative precision of target encoding influences metacognitive performance Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Sanne Kellij, Johannes Fahrenfort, Hakwan Lau, Megan A. K. Peters, Brian Odegaard
Detection failures in perceptual tasks can result from different causes: sometimes we may fail to see something because perceptual information is noisy or degraded, and sometimes we may fail to see something due to the limited capacity of attention. Previous work indicates that metacognitive capacities for detection failures may differ depending on the specific stimulus visibility manipulation employed
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Temporal bisection is influenced by ensemble statistics of the stimulus set Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Xiuna Zhu, Cemre Baykan, Hermann J. Müller, Zhuanghua Shi
Although humans are well capable of precise time measurement, their duration judgments are nevertheless susceptible to temporal context. Previous research on temporal bisection has shown that duration comparisons are influenced by both stimulus spacing and ensemble statistics. However, theories proposed to account for bisection performance lack a plausible justification of how the effects of stimulus
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Can salient stimuli really be suppressed? Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Seah Chang, Howard E. Egeth
Although it is often assumed that a physically salient stimulus automatically captures attention even when it is irrelevant to a current task, the signal-suppression hypothesis proposes that observers can actively suppress a salient-but-irrelevant distractor. However, it is still unknown whether suppression alone (i.e., without target enhancement) is potent enough to override attentional capture by
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Getting it right from the start: Attentional control settings without a history of target selection Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Maria Giammarco, Lindsay Plater, Jack Hryciw, Naseem Al-Aidroos
Observers can adopt attentional control settings that regulate how their attention is drawn to salient stimuli in the environment. Do observers choose their attentional control settings voluntarily, or are they primed in a bottom-up manner based on the stimuli that the observer has recently attended and responded to (i.e., target-selection history)? In the present experiment, we tested these two accounts
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The effects of testing environment, experimental design, and ankle loading on calibration to perturbed optic flow during locomotion Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Hannah M. Solini, Ayush Bhargava, Christopher C. Pagano
Calibration is the process by which the execution of actions becomes scaled to the (changing) relationship between environmental features and the actor’s action capabilities. Though much research has investigated how individuals calibrate to perturbed optic flow, it remains unclear how different experimental factors contribute to the magnitude of calibration transfer. In the present study, we assessed
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Holistic ensemble perception Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Linfeng Han, Allison Yamanashi Leib, Zhimin Chen, David Whitney
In a glance, observers can evaluate gist characteristics from crowds of faces, such as the average emotional tenor or the average family resemblance. Prior research suggests that high-level ensemble percepts rely on holistic and viewpoint-invariant information. However, it is also possible that feature-based analysis was sufficient to yield successful ensemble percepts in many situations. To confirm
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Correction to: Discrimination threshold for haptic volume perception of fingers and phalanges Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Zhilin Zhang, Chunlin Li, Jian Zhang, Qiang Huang, Ritsu Go, Tianyi Yan, Jinglong Wu
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02211-y
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Context isn’t everything: Search performance is influenced by the nature of the task but not the background Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Brett A. Cochrane, Jay Pratt
Abstract It has been demonstrated in the literature that cues in the environment that are predictive of how a task ought to be performed can influence performance. In an extension of this general notion, Cosman and Vecera (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(3), 836-848, 2013) reported that simply performing singleton and feature search tasks when irrelevant scenes
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The internal representation of temporal orienting: A temporal pulse-accumulation and attentional-gating-based account Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Xiaorong Cheng, Yu Mao, Yang Lei, Chunyan Lin, Chunmiao Lou, Zhao Fan, Xianfeng Ding
Timing can be processed explicitly or implicitly. Temporal orienting is a typical implicit timing through which we can anticipate and prepare an optimized response to forthcoming events. It is, however, not yet clear whether mechanisms such as temporal-pulse accumulation and attentional gating (more attention, more accumulated temporal pulses) underly the internal representations of temporal orienting
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Pitch direction on the perception of major and minor modes Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Bryan R. Burnham, Emma Long, Jake Zeide
One factor affecting the qualia of music perception is the major/minor mode distinction. Major modes are perceived as more arousing, happier, positive, brighter, and less awkward than minor modes. This difference in emotionality of modes is also affected by pitch direction, with ascending pitch associated with positive affect and decreasing pitch with negative affect. The present study examined whether
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Prior attentional bias is modulated by social gaze Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Francesca Capozzi, Basil Wahn, Jelena Ristic, Alan Kingstone
Focusing attention is a key cognitive skill, but how the gaze of others affects engaged attention remains relatively unknown. We investigated if participants’ attentional bias toward a location is modulated by the number of people gazing toward or away from it. We presented participants with a nonpredictive directional cue that biased attention towards a specific location. Then, any number of four
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The guidance of attention by templates for rejection during visual search Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Nick Berggren, Martin Eimer
The hypothesis that foreknowledge of nontarget features in visual search is represented by negative search templates (“templates for rejection”) that facilitate attentional guidance remains disputed. In five experiments, we investigated this proposal by measuring search performance and electrophysiological markers of target selection (N2pc components) and nontarget suppression (PD components). We compared
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The pleasure of multiple images Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Aenne A. Brielmann, Denis G. Pelli
How many pleasures can you track? In a previous study, we showed that people can simultaneously track the pleasure they experience from two images. Here, we push further, probing the individual and combined pleasures felt from seeing four images in one glimpse. Participants (N = 25) viewed 36 images spanning the entire range of pleasure. Each trial presented an array of four images, one in each quadrant
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Facial features and head movements obtained with a webcam correlate with performance deterioration during prolonged wakefulness Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Youngsun Kong, Hugo F. Posada-Quintero, Matthew S. Daley, Ki H. Chon, Jeffrey Bolkhovsky
We have performed a direct comparison between facial features obtained from a webcam and vigilance-task performance during prolonged wakefulness. Prolonged wakefulness deteriorates working performance due to changes in cognition, emotion, and by delayed response. Facial features can be potentially collected everywhere using webcams located in the workplace. If this type of device can obtain relevant
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A bimodal extension of the Eriksen flanker task Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Rolf Ulrich, Laura Prislan, Jeff Miller
The Eriksen flanker task is a traditional conflict paradigm for studying the influence of task-irrelevant information on the processing of task-relevant information. In this task, participants are asked to respond to a visual target item (e.g., a letter) that is flanked by task-irrelevant items (e.g., also letters). Responses are typically faster and more accurate when the task-irrelevant information
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Metacognition of average face perception Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Luyan Ji, William G. Hayward
Individuals have the ability to extract summary statistics from multiple items presented simultaneously. However, it is unclear yet whether we have insight into the process of ensemble coding. The aim of this study was to investigate metacognition about average face perception. Participants saw a group of four faces presented for 2 s or 5 s, and then they were asked to judge whether the following test
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Modulation of compatibility effects in response to experience: Two tests of initial and sequential learning Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Aaron Cochrane, Vanessa Simmering, C. Shawn Green
Attentional control is a key component of goal-directed behavior. Modulation of this control in response to the statistics of the environment allows for flexible processing or suppression of relevant and irrelevant items in the environment. Modulation occurs robustly in compatibility-based attentional tasks, where incompatibility-related slowing is reduced when incompatible events are likely (i.e.
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Ensemble coding of crowd speed using biological motion Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Tram T. N. Nguyen, Quoc C. Vuong, George Mather, Ian M. Thornton
The accurate perception of human crowds is integral to social understanding and interaction. Previous studies have shown that observers are sensitive to several crowd characteristics such as average facial expression, gender, identity, joint attention, and heading direction. In two experiments, we examined ensemble perception of crowd speed using standard point-light walkers (PLW). Participants were
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Providing goal reminders eliminates the relationship between working memory capacity and Stroop errors Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Audrey V. B. Hood, Keith A. Hutchison
Previous research has shown that list-wide effects in the Stroop task interact with working memory capacity (WMC). The predominant explanation for this relationship is goal maintenance. However, some researchers have challenged whether list-wide effects truly reflect goal-maintenance abilities. In the current study, we examined whether goal maintenance explains higher WMC individuals’ better performance
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Car expertise does not compete with face expertise during ensemble coding Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 Jisoo Sun, Isabel Gauthier
When objects from two categories of expertise (e.g., faces and cars in dual car/face experts) are processed simultaneously, competition occurs across a variety of tasks. Here, we investigate whether competition between face and car processing also occurs during ensemble coding. The relationship between single object recognition and ensemble coding is debated, but if ensemble coding relies on the same
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Relaxing and stimulating effects of odors on time perception and their modulation by expectancy Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 Alessia Baccarani, Simon Grondin, Vincent Laflamme, Renaud Brochard
Although several studies have reported relaxing and stimulating effects of odors on physiology and behavior, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. It has been proposed that participant expectancy could explain these activation effects. Since emotional stimuli are known to modulate time perception, here we used the temporal bisection task to determine whether odors have objective relaxing
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Location- and object-based attention enhance number estimation Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 Antonella Pomè, Diego Thompson, David Charles Burr, Justin Halberda
Humans and non-humans can extract an estimate of the number of items in a collection very rapidly, raising the question of whether attention is necessary for this process. Visual attention operates in various modes, showing selectivity both to spatial location and to objects. Here, we tested whether each form of attention can enhance number estimation, by measuring whether presenting a visual cue to
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Reading proficiency predicts the extent of the right, but not left, perceptual span in older readers Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Aaron Veldre, Roslyn Wong, Sally Andrews
The gaze-contingent moving-window paradigm was used to assess the size and symmetry of the perceptual span in older readers. The eye movements of 49 cognitively intact older adults (60–88 years of age) were recorded as they read sentences varying in difficulty, and the availability of letter information to the right and left of fixation was manipulated. To reconcile discrepancies in previous estimates
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Uncertainty modulates value-driven attentional capture Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Sang A Cho, Yang Seok Cho
The majority of previous studies on the value modulation of attention have shown that the magnitude of value-driven attentional bias correlates with the strength of reward association. However, relatively little is known about how uncertainty affects value-based attentional bias. We investigated whether attentional capture by previously rewarded stimuli is modulated by the uncertainty of the learned
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Are self-caused distractors easier to ignore? Experiments with the flanker task Atten. Percept. Psychophys. (IF 1.893) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 CiJun Gao, Davood G. Gozli
Four experiments are reported that investigate the relationship between action–outcome learning and the ability to ignore distractors. Each participant performed 600 acquisition trials, followed by 200 test trials. In the acquisition phase, participants were presented with a fixed action–outcome contingency (e.g., Key #1 ➔ green distractors), while that contingency was reversed in the test phase. In
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