The collection of seeds and living plants at the N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) contains historic chickpea landraces sampled from major historic centers of chickpea cultivation and secondary diversification. In this work, we analyze the results obtained from phenotype characterization of 407 historic chickpea landraces grown in the trial fields of Kuban experimental

Addition of a 20-μL drop of a mixture containing 1 mM Fe2+ + 0.5 M glutathione to the surface of 0.5 M S-nitrosoglutathione solution, which is expected to form dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione, generated short-lived (0.2 s) concentric ring-shaped structures in the S-nitrosoglutathione solution. The number of the ring-like structures exceeded the number of concentric circles spread across

The idea of using a higher pressure to reduce damage due to freezing has been thoroughly theoretically examined, while there is little experimental evidence on cryopreservation of living systems at a higher hydrostatic pressure. A study was made to assess the viability of HeLa cells at a pressure of 1.0–2.0 kbar, the toxic effects of five classical cryoprotectants under these conditions, and the viability

It was found that the enzymes of the coagulation cascade interact with lipid microparticles or microvesicles of natural or artificial origin that circulate in the blood. Such interactions can modulate hemostasis. Less is known about the consequences of direct interaction of fibrinogen/fibrin with microvesicles. It was shown in this study with purified systems that the presence of lipid particles of

Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in gene regulation is one of the basic issues of systems biology. Conventional approaches to modeling gene regulation often fail to distinguish between the model properties that adequately reflect the characteristics of a biological system and those associated with the nature of the model. A logical approach was developed for modeling the regulation of

The roles that noncoding RNAs play in various cells have been a focus of intense research in recent years. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that were initially thought to be junk by-products of splicing. Many circRNAs have been found to demonstrate important regulatory functions and, in particular, to act as miRNA sponges. The function of an miRNA sponge was compared with the function of

We present a study of the sensitivity of a hybridization microarray analysis of DNA labeled with 2'‑deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate derivatives that contain the Cy5 and Cy7 cyanine fluorophore dyes. Two Cy5-dUTP and two Cy7-dUTP derivatives that can be effectively incorporated into a newly synthesized DNA strand during PCR were chosen for this study. PCR products fluorescently labeled with different dyes

Precise prediction of the timing of floral initiation helps breeders create new varieties that can achieve maximum efficiency under the influence of a changing climate. A previously constructed model was used to compare the impact of daily weather parameters on the flowering time of wild varieties of chickpeas that were collected in different geographic locations in Turkey. We found that plants from

Using Fura-2AM, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, we have shown for the first time that sigma-1 receptor antagonist - neuroleptic chlorpromazine - significantly inhibits the store-dependent Ca2+ entry induced by immunomodulators glutoxim as well as molixan and endoplasmic reticulum Са2+-ATPase inhi-bitors thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid in rat peritoneal macrophages. The results suggest the involvement

The destruction of cytochrome c during its catalysis of the lipoperoxidase reaction, which causes the impairment of mitochondrial membranes in living cells and the release of various pro-apoptotic factors into the cytosol, was studied. Spectrophotometric analysis showed a much more intense destruction of cytochrome c when hydrogen peroxide was added in the presence of tetraoleylcardiolipin at protein

The interaction of DNA with complexes of Zn(II) and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives in aqueous salt solutions has been studied by the optical spectroscopy, fluorescence, and DNA melting methods. Bis-(1,10-phenanthroline)-(1,10-phenanthrocyanine)-dizinc (II) acetate (diZn) and its precursor, bis-(1,10-phenanthroline)-zinc (II) acetate (monoZn) have been used. The interaction of DNA with phenanthroline

A comparative analysis of copper accumulation in the roots of Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) plants and cell walls isolated from them has been performed. For intact plants, the root system is identified as the main location for copper ion deposition and root cell walls are characterized by a high content of carboxyl groups of polygalacturonic acid, which explains their high capacity for binding

A theory was developed to explain how charge selectivity is reversed in tight junctions (TJs) between epithelial cells when the sign of the TJ fixed charge changes. An original method that allows for the ion cavity effect was used to calculate the changes in ion solvation energies that occur upon ion transfer in TJs. An equation was derived to describe the Na+ to Cl– permeability ratio of TJs as a

The temperature stability of electron transfer to the artificial electron acceptor 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol in preparations of native photosystem II and photosystem II without the calcium cation in an oxygen-evolving complex was studied. The thermal stability of the processes of oxygen evolution and electron transfer from the oxygen-evolving complex to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol in photosystem

This study explored the nonlinear dynamics of the variability of microcirculatory blood flow signals in symmetrical areas of human upper limbs in the resting state and during perturbation. The perturbation was physical activity, that is, swinging of left or right arm in an upright position for 1 min. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure the microflow in five healthy volunteers. Signal sensors

An overview of the problems of modern biophysics, which were discussed at the VIth Congress of biophysicists of Russia, Sochi, September 2019 (http://conf-2019.biophys.ru), is given. The results of fundamental and applied research in the field of biophysics of single biomacromolecules and molecular complexes, membrane biophysics, cell biophysics, bionanotechnology were presented at the plenary, sectional

The antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts from yerba mate and some of its polyphenolic components, namely, quercetin, rutin, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, was studied. Aqueous extracts from mate discolored the cation radicals of 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) in a dose-dependent manner and caused a latent period of luminol chemiluminescence induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)

The Grueneberg ganglion is one of the peripheral parts of the olfactory sensory system that specializes in detecting life-threatening stimuli. This article focuses on the chemoreceptors of ganglion neurons and their associated signaling pathways, which together provide a multimodal receptor function. The molecular organization of the receptor apparatus of neurons of this organ undergoes significant

This study focuses on possible applications of similitude design methods for three-dimensional simulation of the electrical activity of the sinoatrial node of the rabbit heart and the adjacent atrial myocardium. The proposed mathematical model has a hierarchical shape, where the relationship between the sinoatrial node and adjacent atrial myocardium is at the top and the dynamics of ion processes on

It is shown that the inhalation of gaseous nitric oxide (gNO) or sprayed aqueous solutions of binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine by animals or humans provokes no perceptible hypotensive effects. Potentially, these procedures may be useful in COVID-19 treatment. The NO level in complexes with hemoglobin in blood decreases as the gNO concentration in the gas flow

Features of biophysical properties in blood cells from the elderly under mechanical stress applied in vitro have been studied. This stress was reported to trigger the signaling pathway engaged by purinergic receptor activation. The stiffness of the cell surfaces of red blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets decreased, and the surface potential became more positive. Our findings add to

Mouse monoclonal antibodies to Hsp90β (β isoform of heat shock protein 90) have been shown to bind specifically to Hsp90β localized on the surface of tumor and nontransformed cells. After binding to the membrane-associated Hsp90β, the antibodies actively dissociated into the culture medium and were also internalized by the cells. An immunoconjugate based on the Hsp90β-specific antibody and the cytotoxic

A numerical simulation of the spatial–temporal dynamics of a multi-parameter system has been developed. The components of this system are plant biomass, the mobile and stationary forms of mineral nutrition elements, rhizosphere microorganisms, and environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and acidity). Parametric identification and verification of the adequacy of the model were carried out based

The levels of the mononitrosyl iron complex with diethyldithiocarbamate that form in the liver of mice in vivo and in vitro after intraperitoneal injection of binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes with N-acetyl-L-cysteine or glutathione, S-nitrosoglutathione, sodium nitrite, or the vasodilating drug isosorbide dinitrate (Isoket®) have been assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The levels

The cytotoxic effect of the potential antitumor drug aurumacryl (gold polyacrylate) on human skin fibroblast cell line hFB-hTERT6 has been studied in vitro. It has been found that aurumacryl exhibits substantial cytotoxicity to human skin fibroblasts. The maximum cytotoxic effect (75% cell death) is observed at an aurumacryl concentration of 0.125 mg/mL. The inhibitory concentration of aurumacryl that

Abstract—Xenobiotics undergo biotransformation in the human body and the resulting metabolites may greatly differ in their physical, chemical, and biological properties from the initial substances or be toxic or reactive. An experimental study of xenobiotic biotransformation is challenging; designing computational prediction methods is therefore important. One major drawback of computational methods

The use of mesenchymal stem cells is an effective treatment strategy for a number of retinal degenerative diseases. The poor survival of these cells after transplantation is the limiting factor of this approach. It was shown previously that the cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia can increase their proliferative activity. We assumed that this method of cultivation will improve the viability

A set of 24 647 nonhomologous protein sequences was examined. A pentapeptide occurrence profile was constructed for each sequence and hierarchically organized elements of various sizes were detected in each profile by a special mathematical method. Correlations between the hierarchical elements were studied. A total of 11 levels of protein organization with elements ranging from 7 to 56 amino-acid

Pharmacological modification of the redox properties of tumor cells is a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of antitumor therapy. The Nrf2 transcription factor is considered as a new target for the development of selective chemosensitizers. Nrf2 plays a key role in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis against stress and during adaptation processes. Many natural and synthetic phenolic

The effects of prolonged (42 day) consumption of deuterium-depleted water by rats on the functional state of their central nervous system under normal conditions and under conditions of normobaric hypercapnic hypoxia have been studied. The consumption of deuterium-depleted water both under normal conditions and after exposure to oxidative stress contributed to a significant reduction in emotional anxiety

The MinION system (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, United Kingdom) was used to directly sequence genomic DNAs of two recombinant Escherichia coli strains. One strain carried a plasmid with the gene for M.HpaII DNA methyltransferase, which methylates the second cytosine in a CCGG site. The other strain contained M.HspAI DNA methyltransferase, which modifies the central cytosine in a GCGC sequence. Either

The effects of viscous media with glycerol and sucrose (10–40%) on the kinetics of the bacterial bioluminescent reaction have been investigated by stopped-flow technique. Increment of quantum yield in media with 10% of both osmolytes was shown. Higher concentrations of glycerol, up to 30–40%, were found to reduce the efficiency of the reaction, while this effect was not observed in the media with sucrose

Blood cell aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) supplemented with the aggregation inducer ristomycin was studied following exposure to low-intensity extremely high frequency (EHF) radiation. Primary alcohols were used to stimulate partial degradation of the protein–lipid bilayer in the cell membrane. Exposure to EHF radiation was shown to decrease the extent of ristomycin-induced platelet aggregation

For the structures of sperm whale myoglobin (swMb), horse heart myoglobin (hhMb), hemoglobin I (HbI) from botfly Gasterophilus intestinalis (giHbI), and monomeric and dimeric hemoglobins HbI and HbII from Lucina pectinata mollusk (lpHbI and lpHbII), roles of electrostatic interactions in stabilization of native conformations of the heme cavity were analyzed, as well as their possible destabilization

A mathematical model has been proposed for the dynamics of a biological community. The model is a system of equations that describe the dynamics of ecosystem variables (the population density, the body weight of mature individuals, and the density of energy that an individual receives with food) with regard to the age structure of the consumer population. Algorithms to determine the evolutionarily

An autonomous model of a phenomenological type was designed for a biological population of lemmings in complex studies of tundra communities. The population dynamics is described in the model by a difference equation, which relates the population sizes observed in 2 consecutive years and depends on three parameters of biological and ecological nature. A combination of parameter values included in the

A comparative analysis of the secondary structure of blood serum proteins was carried out in patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in healthy donors. The secondary structure of proteins in serum was determined using an infrared spectroscopy method. It was demonstrated that the proposed approach allows one to register a decrease in the portion of α-helical regions and an increase

The pore-forming activity of SsoHel308 helicase from extreme thermophilic archaea Saccharolobus solfataricus has been demonstrated for the first time. This protein embedded in rabbit erythrocyte membranes may cause erythrocyte hemolysis. It has been shown that this enzyme forms pores in a planar artificial bilayer membrane and acts as a transformer. After embedding this enzyme into biolayer lipid membranes

The principles of multi-latitude monitoring of Heliomed-2 for obtaining new data on the impact of space weather on human health are described. The results of synchronous monitoring of responses of the cardiovascular system and psychoemotional state of healthy volunteers to changes in geomagnetic disturbances at high (Tiksi village and Yakutsk) and middle (Saratov) latitudes are presented. In all the

Quantitative determination of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other soluble protein molecules in various biological fluids is a routine task of modern diagnostics and biomedicine; however, currently existing methods of analysis include several stages and take a long time. This paper presents a protocol that allows determination of an analyte concentration in a sample within a few minutes

Folding of model polypeptide sequences consisting of 50 and 150 amino-acid residues with the alanine and glycine repeat was explored using Langevin dynamics techniques at different values of the viscosity of a virtual medium. The starting conformations corresponded to a totally extended chain structure. The change in the dissipative properties of the medium was simulated under varying parameters of

Using the voltage-clamp technique, it has been shown for the first time that the neuroleptic drugs chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine, which act as sigma-1 receptor antagonists, attenuate Na+ transport in the frog skin epithelium. The results suggest that sigma-1 receptors may be involved in the regulation of transepithelial Na+ transport in frog skin.

Many studies have been devoted to the passage of bees during the winter period, which indicate that this state of the bee family is yet to be understood. However, the most critical period for bees is late winter and spring. At this time, there are large temperature fluctuations in the air, and from time to time, bees are forced to switch from a passive state to an active state and vice versa. This

Changes in the electrical properties of blood corpuscles that are experiencing mechanical stress modeled in vitro have been studied. An increase in the concentration of ATP molecules in the intercellular space in response to the mechanical effect of moving plasma layers both in the blood of healthy people and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is demonstrated. The surface potential of red blood

Complex causal relationships occur between population dynamics and a change in a population genetic structure. In our study, a simple model was used to show that the evolutionary process of density-independent natural selection depending on the fitnesses determined by a single diallelic locus can lead to a change in population growth parameters, thus changing the dynamic modes in a population. Possible

The results of biomonitoring of the Olkhovaya River (Donetsk oblast) are presented. The impact of mine sludge waste on the state of surface water was shown. The assessment of physical and chemical parameters made it possible to characterize the water in the Olkhovaya River as dirty and polluted with a large number of suspended coal particles, whose content significantly exceeded the maximum permissible

A technology for obtaining nanoparticles of natural clinoptilolite, a mineral from the zeolite family, under laboratory conditions has been developed. The size of zeolite particles was determined by scanning electron microscopy, and the size of nanocapsules was determined by dynamic light scattering. A method for applying a layer of alcohol-soluble phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) onto the surface of

We have investigated the effect of colchicine, a disrupting agent of the tubulin cytoskeleton, on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the Hill reaction, noncyclic photophosphorylation, and the lipid peroxidation reaction in Solanum tuberosum grown in soil in a greenhouse environment. The destruction of microtubules caused an increase in the content of lipid fatty acid hydroperoxides, the primary product

Several models have been considered: those that describe mutation fixation in asexually or sexually reproducing species during speciation and are based on stochastic processes and a percolation selection lattice for mutation selection through generations and a trigger model of mutation fixation in a population cluster, which are based on both stochastic and deterministic processes. Lower (reversible

Abstract This paper mainly deals with the prey−predator dynamics where both the prey and predator exhibit herd behavior. Positivity, boundedness, some extinction criteria, stability of possible equilibrium points are discussed with some global behavior, in an innovative approach. Numerical simulations are represented to clarify the analytical discussions. The biological implications of analytical and

Energy transduction reactions in the photosynthetic membrane are a primary step in storing solar energy to be used later in biosynthetic and other processes in living systems. This review summarizes the recent data on modeling photosynthetic electron transport that were obtained at the Department of Biology, Moscow State University. Mathematical models of various types were used to simulate the processes

The pre- and postsynaptic effects of ATP on thermal sensibility in the diaphragm of the rat have been studied. It has been found that reduction in the bath temperatute from 37 to 22°С provokes a decrease in contractile force of diaphragm caused both by electrical stimulation and carbachol. At 37°C adding ATP to the incubation medium increases contractive activity of the diaphragm caused both by electrical

The physical regularities that lead to isotope fractionation and to the accumulation of certain isotope forms in the intercellular and intracellular space at various levels of biological objects were studied. A new hypothesis of fractionation of stable isotopes in biological objects through the neutron effect was discussed. The following feature is noted: it is very likely that the development of isotope

The effects of ozone on oxygen transport in the blood of experimental animals have been studied in vitro. Incubation of the blood with ozonated water at О3 concentrations of 2, 6, and 10 mg/L for 30 and 60 min caused changes in the oxygen-transport function of the blood, thus leading to increased oxygen tension and oxygenation, as well as reduced affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. As a result, the

Analysis of the spatial arrangement of the drosophila retina has shown that the structure of cell layers can be represented by three-dimensional stack-like cell lattices. These lattices simulate the topology of cell layers and are a new object of histology. The proposed approach to studying these lattices is to construct a series of models of the spatial arrangement of tissues, to compare model sections

This paper is focused on the dynamics of the formation of conditioned responses in rats that experienced 14-day moderate magnetic shielding and were placed into a shelter setup when conducting the Barnes maze task. It was found that the acquisition rate of the conditioned active avoidance response was faster in rats under magnetic shielding conditions than that in the control animals. A direct accelerating

The influence of the nature of the ligands of nitric oxide-generating compounds, such as binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes containing glutathione or mercaptosuccinate, on their tumor growth-inhibiting and cytotoxic effects has been studied in vivo and in vitro. The antitumor effect of the complex with glutathione exceeds that exerted by the complex with mercaptosuccinate. These complexes inhibit

A comparative analysis of the survival rate of the human gut microbiota after low-temperature preservation under the protection of penetrating (dimethylsulfoxide and glycerol), nonpenetrating (gelatin) and gas (helium) protectors was performed. Increased resistance of intestinal bacteria to the effect of low temperatures was revealed. A significant portion of the bacteria (50.0 ± 3.0%) remained viable

The pathogenesis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in horses is accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress and may be caused by a lack of nitric oxide, which controls various signaling pathways in the body. The level of nitrites, which are metabolites of nitric oxide in horses with various intestinal diseases, has been evaluated in blood serum at 3.60 ± 3.02 μM and 8.3 ± 6.0 μM in horses

This review considers the molecular mechanisms involved in the redox regulation of the Na,K-ATPase. The enzyme creates a transmembrane gradient of sodium and potassium ions, which is necessary for the vital activity of all animal cells, and acts as a receptor of cardiotonic steroids (CTSs), which regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. The function of the Na,K-ATPase depends on the cell’s redox