Step discontinuities, which are formed in pipeline repair and maintenance, will introduce additional wave scattering in the pipeline diagnosing work. Therefore, an analytical model is established in this paper to investigate the longitudinal wave scattering from a step discontinuity and the influence of discontinuity material on the scattering characteristics in water pipelines. In the model, axial

Stoneley wave velocity variation is analyzed by solving the modified Scholte secular equation for velocity of Stoneley waves, allowing to find dependency of the Stoneley wave velocity on the Wiechert parameter and construct a set of inequalities that confines region of existence for the appropriate root of the secular equation. Numerical analysis for Stoneley wave velocity dependence on the Wiechert

An efficient and accurate method for calculating the sound radiated by a baffled circular rigid piston is using spherical harmonics, and the solution is a series containing the integral of spherical Bessel functions. The integral is usually calculated with the generalized hypergeometric functions in existing literatures, which shows poor convergence at middle and high frequencies due to the overflow

The field of aeroacoustics has gained much attention since the well-known acoustic analogies were first published in the 1950s. In parallel, the continuous growth of computational resources has enabled researchers and engineers to investigate phenomena involving flow-induced noise or sound propagation effects related to arbitrary velocity fields. To describe the latter mentioned physical processes

A fast method for calculating sound radiation/reflection directivities at high resolution in the infinite far field is proposed with the use of the fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM). This method calculates directivities using direction-dependent coefficients called outgoing coefficients, which are obtained in the calculation process of the matrix-vector products in the FMBEM. Since the

Vibrating structures are often mounted on or located near a passive plane surface with finite acoustic impedance, and hence the acoustic pressures measured in a half-space bounded by the surface consist of both the direct radiation from the structure and the reflection from the boundary surface. In order to visualize the direct radiation from the source into free space, a reconstruction method based

Acoustical properties of the sea bottom can be described using geoacoustic (GA) models. Most existing propagation models use GA parameters as the bottom properties. It is difficult to obtain GA parameters for a layered bottom because of inter parameter coupling. These problems can be solved by inverting the model-independent reflective parameters P and Q. For a multilayered bottom, a sound field computation

Reliable acoustic path (RAP) is a direct path used for sound propagation between a shallow source and a deep receiver in deep water. The RAP environment can provide a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment for source localization, so it has been widely studied for underwater passive detection. Active detection can be used for source localization during the descent of a vertical line array (VLA)

Due to the dispersion of normal modes in shallow water, there exist regular striations on the interference spectrogram in space-frequency domain. Based on the range-frequency domain striations, waveguide invariant can be estimated with the prior knowledge of source range. Utilizing striations along the array, Rouseff and Zurk [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer.130 (2011) EL76–EL81] proposed the striation-based

The application of a boundary element technique in combination with a contour integral approach to the numerical analysis of acoustic resonances in exterior configurations is investigated in this paper. Similar to the boundary element analysis of exterior acoustic radiation or scattering problems, spurious eigenfrequencies also turn up in the boundary element solution to exterior acoustic resonance

Pseudospectral time domain (PSTD) methods are widely used in many branches of acoustics for the numerical solution of the wave equation, including biomedical ultrasound and seismology. The use of the Fourier collocation spectral method in particular has many computational advantages. However, the use of a discrete Fourier basis is also inherently restricted to solving problems with periodic boundary

The asymptotic rate of convergence of the Legendre–Galerkin spectral approximation to an atmospheric acoustic eigenvalue problem is established, as the dimension of the approximating subspace approaches infinity. Convergence is in the H1 Sobolev norm and is based on the existing theory [F. Chatelin, Spectral Approximations of Linear Operators (SIAM, 2011)]. The assumption is made that the eigenvalues

The Fast Multipole Boundary Element Method (FMBEM) reduces the O(N2) computational and memory complexity of the conventional BEM discretized with N boundary unknowns, to O(NlogN) and O(N), respectively. A number of massively parallel FMBEM models have been developed in the last decade or so for CPU, GPU and heterogeneous architectures, which are capable of utilizing hundreds of thousands of CPU cores

This paper is concerned with the spectral characteristics of leak noise at the source relevant to fluid dynamics for natural gas pipelines. Comparison is made between the flow field characteristics for the buried and above-ground pipelines to demonstrate the differences in aero-acoustics generation mechanism. The fundamental spectral parameters including the sound pressure level (SPL) and power spectral

The problem is the scattering of a plane sound wave at a rough water-air interface. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the method and demonstrate its work with simple examples. The main advantage of this approach is that there are no limits on the relation between the shape of the surface and the incident wave, so we can consider large Rayleigh parameter, shading, multiple scattering

A high-order large eddy simulation (LES) code based on the flux reconstruction (FR) scheme is further developed for supersonic jet simulation. The FR scheme provides an efficient and easy-to-implement way to achieve high-order accuracy on an unstructured mesh. The order of accuracy and the shock capturing capability of the solver are validated with the isentropic Euler vortex and Sod’s shock tube problem

A novel method to solve exterior Helmholtz problems in the case of multipole excitation and random input data is developed. The infinite element method is applied to compute the sound pressure field in the exterior fluid domain. The consideration of random input data leads to a stochastic infinite element formulation. The generalized polynomial chaos expansion of the random data results in the spectral

In this paper, a coupled finite/infinite element method is applied for computing eigenfrequencies of structures in exterior acoustic domains. The underlying quadratic eigenvalue problem is addressed by a contour integral method based on resolvent moments. The numerical framework is applied to an academic example of a hollow sphere submerged in water. Comparisons of the computed eigenfrequencies to

Material and geometrical parameters of tires involve some degree of uncertainty mainly related to production processes. Accordingly, the associated structural responses are affected by these uncertainties. In this study, a novel theoretical ring model is presented to describe the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations as well as the steady-state response of tires, and then to evaluate the influence of

In this paper, a half-space fast multipole BEM is developed for the simulation of three-dimensional acoustic problems above an infinite impedance plane. The half-space impedance Green’s function involving a complex line source is used, so that both mass-like and spring-like impedance boundary conditions on the infinite plane can be explicitly satisfied and the infinite plane is not required to be discretized

Green’s functions for acoustic problems is the fundamental solution to the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation for a point source, which satisfies specific boundary conditions. It is very significant for the integral equation and also serves as the impulse response of an acoustic wave equation. They are important for acoustic problems that involve the propagation of sound from the source point to the

This paper makes the first attempt to propose a novel hybrid collocation solver based on the generalized finite difference method (GFDM) and singular boundary method (SBM) to analyze underwater acoustic radiation and propagation around the thin plate structures excited by simple harmonic force under shallow sea environment. In the proposed hybrid solver, the meshless GFDM is employed to obtain the

A shape optimization approach based on isogeometric wideband fast multipole boundary element method (IGA WFMBEM) in 2D acoustics is developed in this study. The key treatment is shape sensitivity analysis by using the adjoint variable method under isogeometric analysis (IGA) conditions. A set of efficient parameters of the wideband fast multipole method has been identified for IGA boundary element

A novel boundary element method based on subdivision surfaces is applied to simulate wave scattering problems governed by the Helmholtz equation. The Loop subdivision scheme widely used in the CAD (computer aided design) field is applied to represent the geometric model and approximate physical field variables. The novelty of this work is that it is the first time to apply the fast multipole method

Finite element methods are progressively being utilized to assist in the continuous development of loudspeakers. The core of this paper is the method of lumping certain parts of the finite element model, creating a significant reduction in the model complexity that allows for e.g. faster structural optimization. This is illustrated in the paper with a loudspeaker example where the electromagnetic parts

A combined Finite Element Method with Normal Mode (FEM-NM) is proposed for calculation of the acoustic field radiated by a three-dimensional structural source in shallow water. The FEM is used to calculate the near range acoustic field, then the modes expansion at the vertical and azimuthal direction is performed at a certain coupling range. Hence, the true three-dimensional acoustic field at any range

Surface waves have been extensively studied in earthquake seismology. Surface waves are trapped near an infinitely large surface. The displacements decay exponentially with depth. These waves are also named Rayleigh and Love waves. Surface waves are also used for nondestructive testing of surface defects. Similar waves exist in finite width three-dimensional plates. In this case, displacements are

We consider the problem of imaging extended reflectors in three-dimensional acoustic waveguides using a planar array that is parallel to the waveguide’s cross-section. Our data consist of the multiple-frequency array response matrix. To form an image, we back-propagate a projection of the data on the propagating modes in the waveguide. The projection operator is adequately defined for any array-aperture

A combined Finite Element Method with Normal Mode (FEM-NM) is proposed for calculation of the acoustic field radiated by a three-dimensional structural source in shallow water. The FEM is used to calculate the near range acoustic field, then the modes expansion at the vertical and azimuthal direction is performed at a certain coupling range. Hence, the true three-dimensional acoustic field at any range

Scattering of sound by a target can be described as a wave radiated by virtual point sources inside the target. In the Rayleigh scattering regime, the strength of the virtual sources can be calculated analytically. When a target is located close to the ocean surface or another reflecting boundary, reflections of the incident and single-scattered waves from the boundary lead to multiple scattering from

In this paper, we consider the numerical solution of the time-dependent wave equation in a semi-infinite waveguide. We employ the Double Absorbing Boundary (DAB) method, by introducing two parallel artificial boundaries on the side where waves are outgoing. In contrast to the original implementation of the DAB, where the numerical solution involved either a low-order finite difference scheme or a low-order

A new efficient method for the simulation of sound radiation from large vibrating structures with the Finite Element Method (FEM) is proposed. The acoustic radiation from the major radiating panels is simulated separately for each panel, using customized fluid domains that are weakly coupled to the vibrating structure. Thereby, a significant reduction of the model order is achieved, maintaining at

The Viscous Grain Shearing (VGS) theory predicts the existence of a compressional wave and a shear wave in an unconsolidated marine sediment. Although it is known that, subject to certain constraints, the shear wave satisfies causality, the causal nature of the compressional wave is less well understood. In this paper, the VGS compressional-wave speed and attenuation are examined in three frequency

Conventional finite-difference or pseudo-spectral viscoacoustic modeling methods use uniform, rectangular grids to simulate wave propagation, leading to severe spurious diffractions at the surface topography. To overcome the problem, we mesh the velocity and quality factor (Q) models into curvilinear grids and map the models and the first-order velocity-stress viscoacoustic equation into an auxiliary

The radiated acoustic waves from impact pile driving produce high noise level into the water which may cause damage to marine mammals living close to the offshore construction location. In this paper, a linear, axisymmetric finite element (FE) model is applied to predict pile driving noise in the water. Measurement from bottom-mounted hydrophone deployed at a site 230 m from the source is used to validate

We derive a formula for the gradients of the total scattering cross-section (TSCS) with respect to positions of a set of cylindrical scatterers. The analytic form enhances modeling capability when combined with optimization algorithms and parallel computing. As application of the method, we consider a gradient-based minimization of TSCS for a set of cylindrical obstacles by incrementally repositioning

A method is presented for the closed-form evaluation of the singular and near-singular integrals arising in the Boundary Element Method solution of the Helmholtz equation. An error analysis is presented for the numerical evaluation of such integrals on a plane element, and used to develop a criterion for the selection of quadrature rules. The analytical approach is based on an optimized expansion of

Computational speeds are compared for modern implementations of three parabolic equation approximations. The split-step c0-insensitive model is 3.7 and 5.5 times faster than the finite-difference model OWWE and finite-element model RAM, respectively. Calculations are made between a source and receiver separated horizontally by 1000km at 600m depth near the minimum of sound speed in the deep ocean.

Propagation of Lamb waves in both laminated and functionally graded (FG) composites is analyzed. Anomalous dispersion at high frequencies is observed revealing substantial discrepancy in the high frequencies asymptotes for quasi-flexural and quasi-symmetric fundamental modes. The applied methodology is based on a variant of sextic complex formalism.

This paper collects the state of the art and the tremendous progress that has been made in hybrid modeling of aeroacoustic sound. Hybrid modeling is defined such that flow and acoustics are modeled separate and connected by an aeroacoustic model. The contributions will be classified with respect to the aeroacoustic models being developed, covering Lighthill’s analogy, Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings,

Crossing internal wave trains are commonly observed in continental shelf shallow water. In this paper, we study the effects of crossing internal wave structures on three-dimensional acoustic ducts with both theoretical and numerical approaches. We show that, depending on the crossing angle, acoustic energy, which is trapped laterally between internal waves of one train, can be either scattered, cross-ducted

Pile driving is used for constructing foundation supports for offshore structures. Underwater noise, induced by in-water pile driving, could adversely impact marine life near the piling location. Many studies have computed this noise in close ranges by using semi-analytical models and Finite Element Method (FEM) models. This work presents a Spectral Element Method (SEM) wave simulator as an alternative

The frequency-domain linearized Navier–Stokes equations (LNSEs) are used to describe the sound field of Helmholtz resonators and concentric perforated tube resonators in the presence of low Mach number flow. The numerical procedure of LNSEs method is performed in three steps, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation, data transfer and acoustics calculation. The transmission loss predictions of

An acoustic metasurface (AM) is proposed to achieve a sound tunnel with switchable functionalities of asymmetric transmission and bidirectional sound isolation, which is composed of an array of steel containers filled with two inert gases, argon and xenon. Acoustic asymmetric transmission can be observed when the AM is placed vertically. The functionality of the tunnel can be switched to bidirectional

For various types of finite acoustic sources placed on an infinite cylindrical baffle, the pressure solution in cylindrical coordinates can be given by an infinite series of Inverse Fourier Integrals involving a singular quotient of Hankel functions. A hybrid method is introduced addressing these integrals’ singularity analytically and truncating their infinite integration range with predictable error

The acoustic propagation problem in the ocean is modeled via the wide angle parabolic equation with a Neumann to Dirichlet map bottom boundary condition. An environment consisting of the water column, a sediment layer and the semi-infinite sub-bottom region is considered. The derivatives of a new cost function with respect to the unknown environmental parameters are calculated analytically via the

In shallow-water waveguide, the normal mode information of acoustic signals plays an important role in localization research. In this paper, an extraction algorithm of modal intensity distribution based on horizontal circular array is proposed. By using the horizontal wavenumber of each mode, the modal domain beamforming is used to estimate the modal intensity distribution of the acoustic signal. The

Love waves have great potential in geological inspection and ultrasonic nondestructive testing for near-surface underground characteristics. A thorough and effective utilization of the Love wave requires a better understanding of its scattering phenomenon. The paper studies the problem of Love wave scattering by cavity-like flaws on the interface between the upper layer and the lower half-plane. For

Seismic waves in earth materials are subject to attenuation and dispersion in a broad range of frequencies. The commonly accepted mechanism of intrinsic attenuation and dispersion is the presence of fluids in the pore space of rocks. The diffusive-viscous model was proposed to explain low-frequency seismic anomalies related to hydrocarbon reservoirs. But, the model is only a description of compressional

This paper proposes a new numerical framework to simulate ultrasound wave propagation in 3D viscoelastic heterogeneous media based on the elastodynamic wave equation including a 3D second-order time-domain perfectly matched layer formulation. A finite difference discretization of this formulation is presented, along with a stability analysis. The resulting model is capable of simulating 3D shear and

The objective of this study is to develop a theory to study the propagation of Rayleigh-type waves in an inhomogeneous layer having yielding surface. A detailed study of a Rayleigh-type wave propagating in an exponentially graded incompressible layer resting on yielding surface is considered. The frequency equation being a function of phase velocity, wave number and heterogeneity parameter associated

We study the application of a B-splines Finite Element Method (FEM) to time-harmonic scattering acoustic problems. The infinite space is truncated by a fictitious boundary and second-order Absorbing Boundary Conditions (ABCs) are applied. The truncation error is included in the exact solution so that the reported error is an indicator of the performance of the numerical method, in particular of the

This paper is concerned with an inverse scattering problem in frequency domain, when the scattered field is governed by the Helmholtz equation. The algorithm is iterative in nature. It introduces a new approach which we refer to as proper solution space. It assumes an initial guess for the unknown function and obtains corrections to the guessed value. The updating stage is accomplished by generating

The acoustic transmissions and reflections of plane waves at duct singularities can be represented with so-called scattering matrices. This paper shows how to extract scattering matrices utilizing linearized compressible flow equations and provides a comparative study of different governing equations, namely the Helmholtz, linearized Euler and linearized Navier–Stokes equations. A discontinuous Galerkin

In this paper, an analytic range-independent reverberation model based on the first-order perturbation theory is extended to range-dependent waveguide. This model considers the effect of bottom composite roughness: small-scale bottom rough surface provides dominating energy for reverberation, whereas large-scale roughness has the effect of forward and back propagation. For slowly varying bottom and

In this study, we model acoustic waves induced by moving acoustic sources in three-dimensional (3D) underwater settings based on a spectral-element method (SEM). Numerical experiments are conducted using the SEM software package SPECFEM3D_Cartesian, which facilitates fluid–solid coupling and absorbing boundary conditions. Examples presented in this paper include an unbounded fluid truncated by using

The results of a modeling study for the numerical solution of the interior surface Helmholtz integral for acoustically lined curved pipes with rectangular cross-section are presented. The solution of the Helmholtz integral equation is calculated by using the boundary element method (BEM). The sound attenuation spectra of different possible models with regard to the lining on the boundaries are compared

Kirchhoff approximations for the forward-scattering target strength of underwater objects are developed by combining Babinet’s principle and the Kirchhoff integral, where theoretical formulations and a numerical implementation are given in detail. The Kirchhoff approximation is found to be a high-frequency physical acoustic approximation. The forward-scattering target strength versus frequency and

Algorithms that enable acoustic sensing vehicles to autonomously map acoustic fields are being developed, but some require an analytical representation of the data collected from the acoustic field with specific continuity properties. One optimal control technique that has these requirements and has been used in autonomous acoustic sensing algorithms is Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle (PMP). Given that

The numerical determination of dispersion relations in periodic materials via the finite element method is a difficult task in most standard codes. Here, we propose a novel technique which allows the computation of these band structures from local elemental subroutines in contrast with existing methods which impose Bloch boundary conditions on the global arrays. The proposed local approach is thus