Abstract The studies of the composition and structure of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko—a short-period comet of Jupiter’s family—which was an object of the recent Rosetta–Philae space mission, yielded results unique in many respects, since it was the first time that a comet was investigated in situ for a long stretch of time under varying conditions of insolation and activity. Due to the landing of

Abstract The study of the degassing of primitive cosmic matter (in particular meteorites) allows us to better understand and evaluate the processes that occur during the formation of the primary (lost) and secondary atmospheres of rocky planets. To do this, the author’s technique using a specially designed device was employed. Continuing the ideas of the previous work, where the composition of the

Abstract— The study of the Galilean satellites can help clarify the structure of the magnetospheric magnetic field from observations of their projections along magnetic field lines in the atmosphere/ionosphere of Jupiter, where patches of auroras appear. UV auroras in projections on the ionosphere of Io, Europe and Ganymede occur almost permanently, while the observation of the track of Callisto is

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the possible disruption of a prolate ellipsoidal small body by the Earth’s tidal forces during a close flyby. An exact expression for the stress tensor under the action of gravity, rotation, and tidal forces is obtained using the analytical solution of the elastic problem. Constraints for the critical distance are derived taking into account the size, shape, density

Abstract— In the framework of Tsallis statistics, we study the effect of medium nonextensivity on the Jeans gravitational instability criterion for a self-gravitating protoplanetary cloud, the substance of which consists of a mixture of perfect gas and blackbody radiation. Generalized Jeans instability criteria have been found from the corresponding dispersion relations obtained both for a uniform

Abstract “The Great Comet of 1997” was a significant event in cometary physics. Numerous interesting scientific studies are devoted to this comet. Unfortunately, in the Russian scientific literature, there are few publications on investigations of Comet Hale–Bopp. This study is timed to the twentieth anniversary of finishing the main observations of this comet and reminds the readers about some of

Abstract— The results of numerical simulation of kilometer-sized asteroid impacts on different types of terrain (a flat surface, a mountain, and a depression) are presented. The results show that terrain features significantly affect the amplitude of the shock wave propagating along the surface, the fireball size, the radiation fluxes on the surface, and the distribution of ejecta around the crater

Abstract A model distribution of anomalous masses in the southwestern part of Elysium Planitia under the surface of the site of the InSight mission seismometer has been obtained. Numerical simulations are performed with the S-approximation method by expansions of the data on the Martian topography and gravitational field (the MRO120D model) in spherical harmonics to the 90th degree and order. Inhomogeneity

Abstract The article is devoted to a detailed photogeological and topographic analysis of the surface in the region of Oxia Planum, which is the most likely landing site for the rover of the ExoMars mission. The landing site consists of two topographic domains (highlands and lowlands) separated by a sharp regional slope. The highland domain accounts for approximately 25% of the landing site. The main

Abstract New data on the distribution of distant trans-Neptunian objects and on the properties of comets indicate the importance of dynamical processes in the outer part of the protoplanetary disk in the formation of the observed structure of the Solar System. In this paper, we examined the possible action of giant gaseous clumps, resulting from gravitational instability and fragmentation of circumstellar

Abstract In the interaction of high-energy electrons with gases of planetary atmospheres where the primary component is molecular nitrogen, a significant fraction of particle energy is spent on the excitation of electronically excited triplet states of N2. The processes of energy transfer from metastable molecular nitrogen \({{{\text{N}}}_{{\text{2}}}}\left( {{{{\text{A}}}^{{\text{3}}}}\Sigma _{{\text{u}}}^{

Abstract The asteroid (13553) Masaakikoyama was observed with the ZA-320M and MTM-500M telescopes of the Pulkovo observatory in August and September 2018. Its axial rotation period was estimated based on the observed sections of the light curve (and additional observational data provided by B.D. Warner) at 97.2 ± 0.3 h. This estimation was made difficult by the fact that the period is commensurable

Abstract The results of polarimetric observations of the asteroid (599) Luisa carried out on the same type of aperture photoelectric polarimeters of the 2.6-m reflector of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and the Zeiss 2000 telescope of the Terskol Peak Observatory in November 2018 and February 2019 are presented. Based on these and available literature data, the parameters of the composite phase

Abstract Water ice is widespread in the Solar System. Computer simulation of light scattering by ice particles designed to interpret the observational data should take into account the spectral dependence of the refractive index of water ice. However, in practice, a single fixed value of the refractive index is often used. In this paper, we show that poor choice of a fixed refractive index commonly

Abstract A working model of the Venusian interior (radial distribution of the density, pressure, gravitational acceleration, and velocities of compressional and shear seismic waves) has been constructed based on observational data and general experience of geophysics. Corrections for the influence of the planetary interior anelasticity on the value of the model Love number k2 were calculated. The equilibrium

Abstract— The inner (or satellite) version of the restricted elliptic three-body problem is considered. The terms up to the fourth order inclusive in small parameter are retained in the expansion of the perturbing function for the problem. The ratio of the orbital semimajor axes of perturbed and perturbing bodies is such a parameter, while their mean longitudes are the fastest variables. The Gauss

Abstract In this paper, we examine a method for launching payloads from Mars, which is an alternative to a rocket launch. The idea is based on the elevator concept using a tether, one end of which is rigidly connected to the natural Martian satellite and the other end has a hook. The lifting device of the tether should capture the spacecraft on the Martian surface by the hook similar to the capturing

Abstract Ultraviolet space telescope Т-170М is a base element of the space observatory of the Spektr-UF program. Acquisition of high-resolution UV-range spectra and images of diffractive quality is not feasible without the special conditions of the telescope assembly and alignment. When designing the structure of the ultraviolet telescope structure using the technology of the space industry, these

Abstract Spektr-UF is a multipurpose space observatory equipped with a telescope with a primary mirror 170 cm in diameter. The main task of the observatory is obtaining high-resolution spectra of cosmic objects and images of diffraction quality in the UV region (115–310 nm). For the solution of the second task, the Field Camera Unit (FCU) is intended. The design of the FCU changed in the course of

Abstract This article describes the results of the Phobos 2 interplanetary mission, launched in 1988, and presents some prospective scenarios for studying near-Mars space, including the return of regolith samples from Mars’ natural satellites. It also presents a tentative design of an interplanetary station aimed at solving these problems and discusses its possible scientific payloads.