The radiobiological effects of ionising radiations are strongly correlated to the local density of lesions produced in micrometre- and nanometre-sized subcellular structures, and thus to the track structure properties of interacting particles. These properties have been studied mainly by means of Monte Carlo simulations, however experimental methodologies and instruments have also been developed that

The alanine pellet dosimeter is a widely used reference dosimeter in both medical and industrial dosimetry across a wide range of beam qualities. A challenge when using alanine in low energy x-ray beams is its strong energy dependence; a significant decline is observed in the alanine response per dose-to-water relative to irradiations in a cobalt-60 reference field. This decrease is caused by the physical

An intercomparison exercise is described that examines Monte Carlo modelling of anthropomorphic voxel phantoms in an idealized ground-contamination photon exposure scenario. Thirteen participants calculated and submitted organ and effective dose rates for comparison against a set of verified reference solutions. The effective dose rates are shown to agree with the reference value to within reasonable

Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Gd3+(0,1,3,5 &7 mol%): HfO2 NPs were synthesized by precipitation and co-precipitation method. The synthesized materials were irradiated in gamma, 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV and Am–Be neutron source. The glow curve were deconvoluted and analyzed by curve fitting with good values of FOM. The kinetic parameters such as order of kinetics (b), activation energy (Ea) and frequency

Dose assessment from accidental exposure has historically been demonstrated in cases where individuals are not wearing any personal dosimeter by measuring the luminescence signal from personal items following a radiological emergency. The limitation of using the luminescence method is that it requires extensive sample preparation, which is a challenge during emergency triage applications where rapid

A non-destructive, high-sensitivity, dose-reconstruction method is proposed and tested using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from protective back-glasses from modern smartphones. A custom-made OSL reader, capable of accommodating the entire phone, has been built for this purpose and preliminary results are reported. The back-glass is stimulated using several light-emitting diodes (LEDs) while

Organized by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS), a Monte Carlo code intercomparison exercise was conducted where participants simulated the emitted electron spectra and energy deposition around a single gold nanoparticle (GNP) irradiated by X-rays. In the exercise, the participants scored energy imparted in concentric spherical shells around a spherical volume filled with gold or water

We report chemical damage to the methine (CH) and methylene (CH2) groups in poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) (PADC), which is a polymeric nuclear track detector, under gamma rays and heavy ions (C and Kr) using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. By comparing the IR spectrum of PADC from 2700 to 3100 cm−1 to that of diethyleneglycol bis allylcarbonate (ADC), which is a monomer of PADC, we found

LiCaAlF6 single crystals doped with different Eu concentrations varied from 1 at% to 5 at%, and LiCaAlF6:Eu single crystals co-doped with 3 at%Cu+, 2 at%Mg2+, 2 at%Ba2+ were grown by the Bridgman method in non-vacuum atmosphere. Their optical and scintillation performances were studied. The optimal scintillation efficiency was achieved in the LiCaAlF6:Eu single crystals with Eu concentrations between

Preclinical radiotherapy studies using mouse models are an indispensable step on the path from in vitro experiments to clinical implementation. In support of this step, dedicated small animal irradiators have been developed to provide a platform for testing new radiation strategies for cancer treatment. Although some systems offer an advanced setup including high resolution positioning and imaging

The accumulation of experimental evidence available in the literature, especially from optical emission and excitation spectra, demonstrates that defect sites in luminescent materials are primarily complexes extending over multiple lattice sites. Included in such luminescent materials are those used in luminescence dosimetry (using thermoluminescence and/or optically stimulated luminescence). When

Monte Carlo modelling has been performed to simulate aspects of the CATO exercise, which recreated the exposure of individuals on a bus to an Ir-192 point source. The modelling allowed a comparison and check of the measured data provided in (Rojas-Palma et al., 2020; Discher et al., 2021), and an investigation into the dose conversion coefficients that are required in order to use fortuitous dosemeters

Thermoluminescent dosimeter LiF:Mg, Ti (TLD-100) has been considered as the “gold standard” to measure absorbed dose from low-energy photon fields in medical applications. However, to calibrate the dosimeters, high energy beams (6 MV X-ray or 60Co gamma) are usually used since low photon energy beams are not always available. Thus, knowledge of the relative efficiency, RE, is necessary in order to

Optical imaging that detects Cerenkov-light or the luminescence of water is a promising method to measure dose distributions in radiotherapy due to its ability to provide high-resolution images in a short measurement time. However, it is unclear whether optical imaging is possible for neutron beams in water. Although neutrons do not emit light in water, prompt gamma photons or protons produced from

The response in terms of personal dose equivalent of a passive fast neutron dosimeter composed of a CR-39 detector coupled with a 1-cm-thick PMMA radiator is investigated in monochromatic neutron fields via simulations and experiments. In particular, the simulations were performed through the Monte Carlo FLUKA code (version 2011.2x.5), while the experimental fields were produced at the AMANDE facility

To account for an enhancement of the absorbed dose to both active marrow and endosteum due to secondary electrons generated in bone trabeculae and depositing energy in adjacent marrow tissues, a specific method for bone dosimetry has been developed and introduced in ICRP Publication 116 for photons and neutrons. In a recent intercomparison exercise on the usage of the ICRP/ICRU adult reference computational

In the present study, the energy and dose rate dependence of Gafchromic EBT3 film (lot no. 03171402) irradiated with megavolt photon beams (i.e., 60 Co, 6MV, 10 MV and 15 MV) are evaluated for absorbed dose range i.e., 0.1 - 20 Gy. For flattening filtered beam, the average percentage deviation in film sensitivity normalized with 6 MV photon beam is 14.9 and - 6.5 respectively, for Co 60 and 15 MV,

A thermally assisted optically stimulated luminescence protocol for the use of display glass samples from mobile phones as a fortuitous dosimeter was developed. Glass samples from 16 different mobile phones from the Samsung Galaxy series were used. The protocol consists of a prebleach with LEDs of 470 nm for 500 s and an OSL reading for 500 s at an elevated temperature. The decay curves were measured

Research on the applications of microdosimetry to particle therapy is spreading worldwide with a rapid increase of publications in the last years. In order to be able to perform an intercomparison of data acquired with different detectors in different clinical centres it is important to analyse data with a standard procedure. Often microdosimetric spectra are presented with different lower detection

Purpose: The large footprint and cost of the spectrometry equipment are often prohibitive for many institutions to start an alanine dosimetry program. However, compact spectrometers are gaining popularity as an alternative tool for quantitative chemical analysis and may be an attractive option for alanine dosimetry. Therefore, it was the goal of this work to characterize a novel compact EPR spectrometer

Due to the need for harmonization of passive dosimetry and the requirements of the international standards in the area of environmental monitoring in radiation protection, multiple types of various passive dosimetry systems based on different ionizing radiation detection mechanisms were subjected to extensive performance testing. In the scope of the EMPIR project 16ENV04 Preparedness, the performance

Glass displays from mobile phones show a characteristic thermoluminescence (TL) signal after the exposure to ionizing radiation. Therefore they can be used as accident and emergency dosimeters. This paper carries out quantitative analysis of such TL signals by using several standard methods of analyzing luminescence signals. Application of the initial rise method to 120 TL glow curves obtained by the

EPR spectroscopic study of UV and gamma-irradiated potassium persulfate, K2S2O8, a dosimeter candidate in pellet form was reported. The importance of the radical structure that was studied in this work is the sensitivity against radiation from UV rays from Xenon lamp and gamma rays from Co-60 source, that is energies at eV to MeV. Powder EPR spectra reflect the anisotropy of both g and dipolar. The

Neutron/γ-ray (n∕γ) discrimination is a crucial issue in neutron measurements and is usually accomplished employing detectors transparent to γ-rays (3He proportional counters), or techniques for γ rejection (such as Pulse Shape Discrimination). The aim of this work is to test a system able to perform a quasi-digital n∕γ discrimination without using techniques based on pulse shape analysis. The system

The Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), the National Metrology Institute of Germany (PTB) and the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) have analysed the response of a 50 mm × 50 mm (diameter × height) NaI and a 38 mm × 38 mm CeBr3 scintillator, and a 1500 mm3 CZT semiconductor airborne spectrometric detector mounted on Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in a comparison campaign carried

This work summarises the results of a comparison organized by EURADOS focused on the usage of the ICRP Reference Computational Phantoms. This activity aimed to provide training for the implementation of voxel phantoms in Monte Carlo radiation transport codes and the calculation of the dose equivalent in organs and the effective dose. This particular case describes a scenario of immersion in a16N beta

The Microdosimetric d(z) Model was used in combination with simulated microdosimetric specific energy probability distributions for monoenergetic 1H and 4He ions (energy range = 0.1–1000 MeV/n, target size range = 1–2000 nm) to investigate the possibility of modeling the relative efficiency of two optical absorption (OA) bands (4.77 and 5.08 eV) in the OA energy spectra of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) thermoluminescent

Fluorescence Nuclear Track Detectors (FNTDs) are part of a new technology developed for particle detection and applicable to personal neutron dosimetry. The objective of this study is to simulate the FNTD fast neutron response to: (i) assess and understand the performance of the existing neutron dosimeter design (Landauer Inc.) and its associated single layer track-spots analysis; and (ii) evaluate

Radiochromic film (RCF) is commonly used as a measurement tool in radiation therapy and diagnostic X-ray imaging. However, the results are not immediately available. This study establishes the workflow of a new diarylethene (DAE) film dosimetry and investigates the film response versus dose against kV X-rays, with the results immediately available for analysis. The DAE film includes a phosphor layer

In some instances reported in the literature, a thermoluminescence peak that was expected to be excited by certain irradiation was not excitable at a certain temperature range below that of the peak although it was excitable at different temperature ranges. Two specific cases of this kind are calcium tungstate and semiconducting diamonds excited by UV light. The resemblance between these two different

The role of hydrogen in the formation and modification of defects in quartz is well known, but still to be clarified is its involvement in trapping and recombination properties of quartz on which its dating characteristics are based. In this work, we studied the thermal stabilities of EPR signals in natural pegmatitic quartz using an X-band spectrometer. We also observed at least two previously unreported

The dose characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,P, using RL, weren't reported up to now. The first investigation into the use of a SiPM directly coupled to a LiF:Mg,Cu,P detector as a real-time dosimeter is presented. The signals of the dosimeter with or without a LiF:Mg,Cu,P detector were compared. The sum of the RL signals of a LiF:Mg,Cu,P detector and the signals of a SiPM itself during irradiation can be

The European Radiation Dosimetry Group, EURADOS, has organised an intercomparison study on the usage of the ICRP/ICRU voxel reference computational phantoms together with radiation transport codes. Voluntary participants have been invited to solve specific tasks and provide solutions to the organisers before a certain deadline. The tasks to be solved are of practical interest in occupational, environmental

Experimental facilities with a requirement of large neutron detection area, prefer gas filled detectors over all other detector technologies. Scarcity and exorbitant cost of 3He, have made the development of large neutron detector banks a tough challenge. BF3 is a substitute for 3He gas in proportional counters with advantage of high gamma tolerance and cost effectiveness. Its lower efficiency can

It has been demonstrated that the gadolinium-core plastic scintillator sphere is a stable, highly sensitive, transportable, and cost-efficient neutron detector made of environmentally friendly components. This detector comprises a metal gadolinium core inserted at the center of a high-scale plastic scintillator sphere. In this study, we conducted simulations to investigate the feasibility of obtaining

In this study, the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit was used to simulate energy spectra of neutrons from secondary cosmic radiation at mountain altitudes for the Environmental Research Station “Schneefernerhaus” at the Zugspitze mountain, Germany (2660 m a.s.l.) and for Sphinx astronomical observatory at the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3585 m a.s.l.). Simulations were performed with different intra-nuclear

We investigated the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of quartz from sediments and parent rocks across South America. OSL and TL sensitivities were compared with the characteristic dose of dose response curves. Additionally, we estimated electron trap parameters of quartz from sediments with contrasting OSL sensitivities. Our results show that the natural

A novel image analysis algorithm, applied to the images from Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs), is presented. This process, involving the sequential application of deconvolution and convolution techniques, followed by the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to identify the etch-pit openings in NTDs, gives a higher degree of success compared to other conventional image analysis techniques.

This paper describes the design and testing of a new form of convolutional neural network, a regenerative neural network (ReGeNN), for application to rotating scatter mask gamma imaging. The network was trained using detector responses for realistic source distributions simulated in MCNP v6.1.4. ReGeNN was shown to reconstruct the source images with excellent quality when trained under ideal conditions

In the aftermath of a nuclear or radiological accident, an extended mapping of reliable dose rate values is of key importance for any governmental decision and countermeasures. Presently, numerous dosimetry network stations, operated by the national governments of the member states in Europe, provide such dose rate data on an hourly basis. Nevertheless, there are large areas in Europe that are not

Conventional two dimensional and low-definition measurement techniques for dosimetric verification of radiotherapy treatment deliveries are no longer adequate in the era of hypofractionation and extremely high dose gradients. New quality assurance (QA) tools with 3D capability and high definition are urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of one of the first such

Authorities responding to nuclear security events have to be prepared for a situation in which a neutron source or nuclear material is out of regulatory control. In such a situation, handheld neutron detectors are used to search for neutron sources or nuclear material, during either an overt or a covert search. These detectors are also used to support the initial threat assessment, radiation protection

We evaluated photoluminescence, scintillation and thermoluminescent characteristics of BaCaBO3F doped with various amounts of Tb to fabricate new thermoluminescent phosphors for radiation measurements. Sharp peaks centered at 491, 542 and 589 nm originating from the electronic 4f→4f transitions of Tb3+ appeared in the BaCaBO3F doped with Tb in photoluminescence spectra and X-ray induced scintillation

In a first clinical application study, recently introduced BeOSL Hp(3) dosemeters were used for cumulative workplace characterization measurements in interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology. Eye lens doses were accumulated on dosemeters assigned to interventions in specific anatomical areas and shared by multiple physicians. Doses were measured inside and outside of radiation protection

The monitoring of the cross-sectional distribution of an electron beam plays a significant role in scientific research and applications. A sectioned calorimeter system combined with a detector of total electron beam current by Faraday cup was developed for estimating the charge and energy distribution of pulsed electron beams. The calorimeter, consisting of a collector with 61 sections and a matrix

The rate of charge deposition in quartz grains irradiated in natural conditions is computed by radiation transport modeling. Quartz luminescence models are modified with the addition of the resulting charge deposition term, and the influence of this process on the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal is analyzed. The results indicate that the charge deposition occurring in the quartz grain

In optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, the performance of the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol is commonly tested using a dose recovery test. The dependence of equivalent dose (De) determined in a dose recovery test on preheating temperature using quartz OSL was reported in previous studies which demonstrated that using a lower preheating temperature prior to the measurement

A prototype LaBr3 detector system with an integrated electronics unit was developed to perform accurate gamma ray spectroscopy in harsh environments. A simple spectral shift methodology was employed in a LaBr3 detector system, which is capable of restoring gamma spectra measured under various temperature conditions within the range of −20 to +50 °C, in real-time. The methodology was tested at various

Accurate measurement of individual short-lived radon progeny concentrations is very important for dose evaluation and related researches taking radon progeny as radioactive tracers. Different methods have been developed, but higher methodological sensitivity is needed for field measurement under the limitation of size, weight and power consumption of the instrument. For the purpose of developing new

Quality assurance is particularly important for modulated radiotherapies which improve dose conformity and involve complex processes of dose delivery. This work proposes a dose measurement method based on a rotational optical fiber array and the Cherenkov effect as an alternative pretreatment quality assurance method. Monte Carlo simulation toolkit Geant4 is used to study the accuracy and influencing

It is important to visualize radioactive substances' position and distribution and estimate their radioactivity levels to reduce the exposure dose of workers in radioactive areas (such as decommissioning worksites of nuclear power stations) and improve nuclear security functions. To visualize the radioactive substance's three-dimensional (3D) location, a directional radiation detector with a cylindrical

One of the objectives of the EMPIR project 16ENV04 “Preparedness” is the harmonization of methodologies for the measurement of doses with passive dosimetry systems for environmental radiation monitoring in the aftermath of a nuclear or radiological event. In such cases, measurements are often performed at low radiation dose rates, close to the detection limit of the passive systems. The parameters

The radiological incident in Cochabamba (Bolivia, 2002), where members of the general public where exposed to an unshielded Ir-192 radiation source whilst traveling on a bus was replicated here in an attempt to asses and evaluate emerging retrospective dosimetry methodologies using objects of daily life, that are either carried on or close to the human body or can be found in the vicinity of an individual

This work aims to develop and characterize a mathematical algorithm for the temperature compensation of the fiber Bragg grating dosimeter and study of the effect of cumulative radiation dose on the Bragg wavelength shift (BWS). Studies on the BWS and the influence on the thermo-optic response coefficient of FBGs caused by the Co-60 gamma irradiation are performed. The BWS shows a linear dependence

In this study, polymer-gel dosimeters containing N-(Hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (NHMA) with different concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) were developed and introduced for use in radiotherapy. The gels were irradiated with a megavolt X-ray photon beam up to 10 Gy using a medical linear accelerator. The irradiated NHMA_KCl dosimeters were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in terms

In this study, a system composed of an ionization chamber AlphaGUARD (PQ 2000), an AquaKIT set and an AlphaPUMP was calibrated to measure 222Rn in water. First, the system was checked for leakages using a NIST traceable 226Ra source. Then, we tested polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and stainless-steel bottles for sample storage estimating radon loss over time. Results showed that stainless-steel was

In this study, the role of sodium ions (Na+) in the generation of thermoluminescence (TL) peaks in the 77–680 K region of natural quartz are investigated by combining the TL and phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) spectrally-resolved glow curves. The TL spectrum is characterized by four emission bands at 380, 470, 590, and 620 nm, which are related to four TL peaks at 383, 513, 598, and 648 K

Alkali feldspars are routinely used in retrospective dosimetry using luminescence methods. However there is a signal loss over time, termed ‘anomalous fading’, which results in age underestimation if uncorrected. Although significant improvements have been made in recent years, luminescence dating of feldspars remains challenging. This paper investigates the relationships between chemistry, structural

To ensure quality assurance (QA) of scanning proton and carbon-ion therapy doses, an efficient and reliable method to measure the energy dependency of the dose response function (DRF) of an optical scintillator detection system (OSDS), is required. We present a calibration process that corrects the non-linear sensitivity of the imager's electronic readings into linear light intensities. After calibration

E′ and Al-hole centres are some of the most common and abundant paramagnetic defects in sedimentary quartz. Here we investigate the dose dependence of these defects before and after exposure to light by electron spin resonance (ESR). Unlike the Al-hole centre, known to have only radiation-induced formation mechanisms, the E′ centre seems to possess a response to gamma dose characterised by predominantly