An electron water calorimeter is described and is used to experimentally determine beam quality dependent conversion factors, kQ, for two ionization chamber types in high-energy electron beams. The current water calorimeter was upgraded to obtain reproducible measurements in electron beams from 10 MeV to 22 MeV (corresponding beam quality index R50 ranging over 4.20–8.97 g cm−2). Measurements of radiation

This introductory article treats aspects of the evolution of early semiconductor detectors towards modern radiation imaging instruments, now with millions of signal processing cells, exploiting the potential of silicon nanotechnology. The Medipix and Timepix assemblies are among the prime movers in this evolution. Imaging the impacts in the detecting matrix from the individual ionizing particles and

For precisely estimating dose and elapsed time after an unrecognized high-dose radiation exposure in radiological emergency, applicability of the continuous-wave optically stimulated luminescence (CW-OSL) signals from Mg2SiO4:Tb (MSO) was investigated. Small disks of MSO were irradiated with β-rays from a Sr-90 source and their CW-OSL signals were analysed. The CW-OSL curves obtained by stimulation

The luminescent and dosimetric properties of nanostructured aluminum oxide which contains a mixture of metastable transition Θ, δ, and κ-phases were investigated. To vary the phase composition of the samples, they were annealed in air at 850–1200 оС. It was found that annealing the samples at Т = 850–1100 оС in air results in a change in the percentages of κ- and δ-phases with a slight variation in

CubeSats are inexpensive tools for studying cosmic radiation. The paper presents an architecture and measurement of Lucky 7 1U CubeSat, which was launched to the quasi-synchronous polar orbit with an altitude of 520 km on June 27, 2019. The satellite is equipped with a scintillator detector whose luminescence emission is measured by a PIN diode and a space GPS receiver that labels the radiation measurement

Features of luminescence optically stimulated from natural kunzite using 470 nm blue light are reported. Preparatory measurements of its X-ray excited radioluminescence and thermoluminescence show that the sample has two main bands centered at 360 nm and 600 nm. The optically stimulated luminescence discussed in this report was monitored in the UV region and is presumed to be the same 360 nm emission

EPR spectra of alanine dosimeters irradiated by gamma-rays and by alpha-particles were measured at different microwave power. The spectra were decomposed into three components corresponding to different stable radiation-induced radicals. Different ratio of the components was obtained for gamma- and alpha-irradiated alanine. The observed effect can be used for discrimination of the contribution of alpha-

Radiation doses accumulated in ceramic or brick and assessed by thermoluminescence (TL) or optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements are commonly used as a source of independent dosimetric information, helpful for validation of retrospective estimates of population exposures to anthropogenic radiation sources. This work systematically evaluates contributions to the cumulative dose in brick

This article describes an attempt to estimate the background (BG) pulse height spectrum (PHS) of the CeBr3 scintillation spectrometer due to terrestrial gamma ray components. In radiological emergencies, there are some cases which the prior measurement of the background components can't be made. By subtracting the BG components from the measured gross PHS, timely and accurate information about the

The objective of this study was to investigate the energy and angle dependence of the RPL dosimetry system in use at the Paul Scherrer Institute (GBFJ-01 dosimeter, FGD 660 reader, and CDEC-Easy algorithm) for the operational dose quantity H*(10) and compare the results with the requirements from the Swiss dosimetry regulation. The energy response was determined for photon energies between 12 keV (N-15)

Measurements using three-dimensional (3D) gel dosimeters and optical computed tomography (CT) have exhibited tremendous potential for fast and accurate 3D dose verifications in radiation therapy. However, accurate measurements may not be possible owing to cupping artifacts. It has been reported that the Fricke and the polymer gel dosimeters induce considerable and extensive cupping artifact effects

The work presents a self-consistent algorithm to study the response of passive neutron dosimeters based on CR-39 detectors, through simulations with the FLUKA code (version 2011.2x.5). The various assumptions and features of the algorithm are described and the simulated results are compared to some experimental data referred to monochromatic and quasi-monochromatic neutron fields to show the potentialities

In this study, we represent the track response data of poly (allyl diglycol carbonate) (PADC) using the number of interactions with the stopping medium induced by secondary electrons. The Number of Interactions induced by Secondary Electrons (NISE) is calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation code in Geant4-DNA. The description of the track response data given by NISE is improved compared with those

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) production of the medium component was investigated using a coarse-grained quartz sample from Australia. Analysis of OSL decay curves measured at different stimulation temperatures revealed that there was strong interaction between the initial occupancies of fast and medium OSL components. Preheating experiments showed that the thermal stability of the medium

The GEMPix is a novel detector developed at CERN, designed and built by coupling a small triple Gas Electron Multiplier with a quad Timepix ASIC for the readout. This structure has the advantage to have higher sensitivity to soft X-ray and high radiation tolerance for good spatial resolution of 2D images of intense particle beams. Several applications of this detector have been studied in the last

The introduction of radiotherapy beam delivery with high spatial modulation, including spot-scanning proton therapy, calls for development of 3D dosimeters for patient-specific treatment verifications. Inherently reusable methods like optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) pose a potential way to introduce a clinically viable 3D-dosimetry solution. Here we present a characterization of the OSL properties

Electron spin resonance (ESR) thermochronometry can in principle be used for reconstructing thermal histories of the upper ∼ 2 km of the Earth's crust. We have analysed the ESR ages of Al and Ti centres in quartz from Fergusons Hill-1 borehole in the Otway Basin, Australia, to assess their trap parameters under natural conditions. The apparent ESR ages of both centres decrease with increasing temperature

Direct measurement of mammographic X-ray spectra under clinical conditions can be useful for quality control (QC) in mammography for estimating image quality and patient dose. The measurement of mammographic X-ray spectra using the traditional detectors with multi-channel pulse height analyzer (MCA) systems is challenging because of the limitations imposed on measurements with high energy resolution

A SiO2 cladding LYSO:Ce scintillation fiber is fabricated by the improved rod-in-tube method. The radiation sensing characterizations are studied by electron irradiation experiments, including time response, dose response, the influence of the factors such as the fiber length and the distance between radiation source and fiber on the radiation responses. Good electron radiation sensing characterization

This work presents the analysis of the images acquired by 3D scans of Fluorescence Nuclear Track Detector (FNTD)-based neutron dosimeters irradiated with fast neutrons. The objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of 3D track-spot detection and trajectories reconstruction of recoil protons, offering a robust δ-ray filtering, and investigate if this analysis provides useful information on the exposure

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential application of Al2O3:C and Al2O3:C,Mg optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) films for 2D dosimetry in magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT), a modality which combines two dosimetric challenges: small field dosimetry and dosimetry in the presence of a magnetic field. To achieve that, prototype Al2O3:C and Al2O3:C,Mg OSL films produced

This research work investigates the effects of He–Ne laser (115 and 287 J/cm2 fluence) radiation on the etching parameters like bulk etch rate VB, track etch rate VT, Sensitivity S, critical angle θC and efficiency η of Lexan plastic track detector, irradiated with fission fragments from 252Cf source. The changes in etching parameters due to He–Ne laser in the fluence range of 0, 115, and 287 J/cm2

The rotating scatter mask system is capable of determining the direction of a single point gamma or neutron source. However, the point source approximation does not hold for many realistic applications, requiring more detailed reconstructions with this system. This study is the first to characterize the rotating scatter mask as a gamma imager, or camera, through a detailed analysis of the relative

We have developed a compact, organic-scintillator-based alpha/beta spectrometer for radon measurements and have characterized it using a unique, small radon chamber. The spectrometer is composed of a through-silicon via (TSV) silicon photomultiplier (or SiPM) and a 6 mm × 6 mm × 6 mm stilbene crystal cube. Analog signals from the SiPM are sent to a digitizer. The detector is housed in a light-tight

The main aim of the presented paper was to perform neutron measurements using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors and to compare obtained results with those obtained on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental setup. The CR-39 type track detectors coupled with various radiators were used to measure neutrons emitted from a DT neutron generator. The detectors were also shielded with various

Radon is a gaseous alpha emitter radionuclide deriving from the primordial radioactive nuclides present on Earth. Although only 222Rn isotope is commonly considered in radon pollution surveys, there is another isotope, 220Rn, also called Thoron, that is dangerous for human health. In this work these two radon isotopes discrimination is investigated, using a solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD)

Aircraft crew are one of the groups of radiation workers which receive the highest annual exposure to ionizing radiation. Validation of computer codes used routinely for calculation of the exposure due to cosmic radiation and the observation of nonpredictable changes in the level of the exposure due to solar energetic particles, requires continuous measurements onboard aircraft. Appropriate calibration

The measurement of teeth in vivo (i.e., in the mouth, without extraction) with EPR spectroscopy in the L-band would allow to screen large groups of population in an event of an acute radiation exposure and in routine epidemiological studies. The radiation dose is proportional to intensity of the radiation-induced signal amplitude determined after subtraction of both native and solar light induced signal

This study aims to numerically perform individualized calibration of a whole-body monitoring system for measuring the activity of 131I internal contamination. A set of ten computational phantoms inside the whole-body counter (WBC) unit were simulated using Monte Carlo code MCNPX 2.6 to investigate the effect of various morphometric parameters on the calibration factors. The counting efficiencies for

This work presents the characterization of the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve of a copper and silver doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7:Cu,Ag) made using three different methods to identify the number of peaks, the trap structure and the kinetics parameters: TM-Tstop, glow curve fitting (GCF) and various heating rates (VHR). The obtained results can be consistently explained assuming four TL glow

A real-time neutron detector was developed to measure an intense neutron beam, based on both a thin silicon sensor and an extremely thin neutron converter for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Neutron response function and detection efficiency were evaluated at the BNCT facility. The response function consists of neutron events, detecting both triton particles produced from the 6Li (n,t)4He reaction

In this work, plastic scintillators containing organic phosphors with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties were developed. Among the various organic phosphors having AIE properties, 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was used in this study. Analysis of the scintillation properties of the scintillators containing different TPE concentrations was performed. It was found that the photoluminescence

In the framework of the European Project CONFIDENCE („COping with uNcertainties For Improved modelling and DEcision making in Nuclear emergenCiEs“), the characterization of two applications (“RadioactivityCounter and “GammaPix”) that enable dose-rate measurements with an ordinary smartphone was carried out. In case of a nuclear emergency, such softwares allow to use the CMOS sensor of the built-in

The aim of this paper is to characterize the IRSL response of rare earth doped CaF2 and co-doped with Al or Li, produced by the solution combustion synthesis (SCS). The results showed a high intensity of the infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IRSL) response for the samples of CaF2 doped with Tb and co-doped with Li. For the samples of CaF2 doped with Ce and co-doped with Li present better

A temperature growth and a decrease in impurity ion concentration result in a sensitivity increase of Al2O3:Mn ceramics to the ionizing radiation. The highest sensitivity to the ionizing radiation for Mn-doped alumina ceramics is observed for minimum dopant concentration and a maximum of temperature sintering (maximum sintering temperature). A sublinear increase in a thermoluminescence intensity with

In Japan, the possibility to change the current dose limit of the lens of the eye for the radiation workers working in the planned exposure situation (normal controlled situations) to a new ICRP dose limit was discussed. It was further discussed how to appropriately monitor and manage the equivalent dose of the eye lenses for these workers exposed to radiation at their workplaces, such as nuclear and

A portable thyroid dose monitoring system has been developed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to assess the thyroid equivalent dose for workers and members of the public in a high dose rate environment. The background (B.G.) photon correction is required for an accurate measurement in a high dose rate environment at an early stage after a nuclear accident. The responses of the system to the

With the aim of encouraging and facilitating the participation of Individual Monitoring Services (IMS) in personal dosemeter intercomparisons, EURADOS (the European Radiation Dosimetry Group) started to organise a self-sustained programme of regular intercomparisons in 2008. Since then, six intercomparisons for whole-body dosemeters and two for extremity dosemeters in photon and beta fields, and two

In the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, a considerable amount of radioactive materials were released into the environment. Long-term monitoring is essential for radiation protection and decontamination of the environment. In this study, we analyze the ratio of the air dose rate to 137Cs activity per unit area on the ground over different land use types, and further examine the

Terrestrial gamma and neutron flashes can result in considerable radiation exposure of aircraft crew and passengers in their close vicinity. Lightning impulse voltage generators imitate selected stages of natural lightning processes and can serve as a test environment for the development and calibration of detector systems for such short term radiation events. This work presents the results of measurements

In a wide international cooperation, thin dosimetric films were developed for radiation protection and clinical dosimetry applications. The goal was providing proof of principle of a novel approach to entrance surface dosimetry, in general, and to extremity dosimetry, in particular. The latter is an extremely challenging task since ring and wrist dosimeters do not allow reliable estimates of the higher

Current internal dosimetry monitoring programmes generally feature periodic measurements that are defined for the most commonly-encountered radionuclides. These programmes are not directly applicable to research centres that produce novel and short-lived radionuclides which are then used for the manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals, such as the CERN-MEDICIS facility hosted at CERN. This work presents

The gas gain in the range of 1.0–2 × 105 was measured for propane-based tissue equivalent gas mixtures in the pressure range of 9–500 hPa. The Zastawny and Mitev et al. models of avalanche growth were used to analyse the obtained data. Both models showed that for low pressures of the working mixture, (i.e., below 80 hPa), there were non–equilibrium states of the development of the electron avalanche

In the present work, we consider the filling and thermal emptying of traps and centers in a simple one-trap-one-recombination-center model in a small system such as a quartz grain in nature, when both the excitation and thermal release of electrons are very slow. Due to the nature of the very slow process, Monte Carlo simulations appear to be a very appropriate method. However, in parallel, we have

Lithium magnesium phosphate (LiMgPO4, called LMP) crystals doped with different concentration of Tb, B and Tm were tested in regard to their radioluminescence emitted during irradiation. LMP crystals were grown with a micro-pulling down method as rods at IFJ PAN. The samples in the form of the thin slices were very sensitive to the ionizing radiation. Differently doped LMP samples were tested in a

TL dosimetric characteristics of glass screen protectors were analyzed for radiation accident dosimetry. Radiation-induced TL signal and intrinsic background signal of these glasses were investigated. An attempt to categorize the glasses according to the shape of their radiation-induced TL glow curve was made. Then, the main dosimetric properties were studied for a category of glass. Radiation-induced

Medipix and Timepix type hybrid-pixel photon counting detectors were originally developed and intended as particle trackers at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Nevertheless, the applicability of Medipix technology is much broader and exceeds the field of high energy physics. The unique features of Medipix devices – namely the dark-current-free quantum-counting, energy-determination and steep point-spread

In this work, the etch-rate ratio V of CR-39 detector irradiated by alpha particles was investigated at different alpha particle energies. The study involved a new empirical equation for V as a function of residual range R'. The introduced equation encompassed five free parameters ɑ1 = 0.098 μm−1, ɑ2 = 1.86, ɑ3 = 37.78 μm, ɑ4 = 36.98 μm and ɑ5 = 0.98 which showed good agreement with the experimental

Scintillation dosimeters are high efficiency and resolution devices for 3D dose radiotherapy measurement. Water is the best tissue equivalent material for most types of radiation, thus water-equivalent scintillator is the preferred scintillator for radiotherapy dose measurement. This research paper describes a new method of preparing water-equivalent liquid scintillators (LS). In this study, we first

A sealed mini-TEPC able to work in gas-steady modality, a monolithic silicon device composed by a matrix of micrometric cylindrical diodes and a residual energy measurement stage and the silicon MicroPlus Bridge detector were used to perform microdosimetric measurements at the 62 MeV proton clinical SOBP of CATANA at the Southern National Laboratories of INFN (LNS – INFN, Catania, Italy). Measurements

A new luminescence dating protocol was developed to circumvent the problem of thermal transfer and poor thermal stability of Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) of samples from late glacial loess sediments in Central Alaska, USA. This new protocol is proposed as an alternative to routine procedures for which scattered and erratic results were obtained using standard IRSL and post-IR IRSL protocols

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) response of alanine pellet dosimeters irradiated in a 40kV x-ray beam with effective energy 9keV was investigated, which is a factor of three lower than for currently available literature data. The response was compared to the EPR response of alanine pellets irradiated in a reference cobalt-60 field to obtain the relative efficiency of the dosimeter – the ratio

The estimation of the irradiation date of a significant dose on a personal dosimeter can help to track the source of an exposure enhancing existing radiation protection programs. We reconstruct the irradiation date in the case of a single high dose exposure using thin-film LiF:Mg, Ti dosimeter in the TL-DOS project. In contrast to previous investigations on this topic, we include both pre-irradiation

Neutron exposure Accelerator System for Biological Effect Experiments (NASBEE) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (NIRS-QST) achieved thermal neutron flux of a therapeutic intensity of (1.75 ± 0.13) × 109 cm−2 s−1 by optimizing polyethylene (PE) moderator in the beam port. The dose contamination of gamma rays was 2

A non-destructive, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique was tested on samples of back protective glasses from modern smartphones for possible application in post-exposure radiation triage following a radiological accident. Excitation light from a green-wavelength laser was directed to the samples using an optical fiber; the same optical fiber was used to direct the emission light from

The use of ionizing radiation in industrial radiation-processing applications is well-known and low-energy electron beam accelerators are gaining in importance, as they offer several advantages over isotope radiation sources. In this study, a solid-state, polymer material, which responds to high radiation doses by the change in fluorescence intensity, is presented. The ease of photopolymerization process

Mandatory eye lens monitoring for exposed workers who are liable to receive an equivalent dose to the lens of the eye higher than 15 mSv in one year, required by the new European Basic Safety Standard 2013/59 and the recommendation given by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to lower the annual dose limit for the lens of the eye to 20 mSv, have put dosimetry services using Panasonic

The purpose of this work was to investigate the use of a commercial cadmium-telluride detector as an absolute thermal neutron measurement device on a proton therapy unit. Experimental measurements were performed on water phantoms using a 25 mm2, 1 mm thick uncollimated CdTe spectrometer. The detector was shielded using sheets of borated polyethylene minimizing the measured direct neutron spectrum from

The origin of the “red” emission bands in the 600 nm–700 nm region, observed in quartz crystals used for luminescence dating and environmental dosimetry, is still controversial. Their reported spectral and lifetime characteristics are often similar to those of oxygen dangling bonds (“non-bridging oxygen hole centers, NBOHCs”) in glassy silicon dioxide. The presence of these “surface radical type” centers