The average daily natural background dose was computed with a statistical approach from the dose records of personal dosemeters worn by professionally exposed workers in Switzerland. The values ranged between 1.3–3.0 μSv/day depending on the geographic location of the customers site. The highest values were found in the Lepontine Alps, the lowest in the Swiss Plateau. The results from measurements

The objective of this work was to perform an extensive side-by-side comparison between a radiophotoluminescence (RPL) dosimetry system and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) or EDIS-1™ Environmental Direct Ion Storage Dosimeters during environmental and area monitoring. The measurement locations include points around and within the perimeter of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and nearby facilities

The Fricke dosimeter is a chemical solution whereby oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions occurs when submitted to ionizing radiation. It has been shown to be an effective standard method to improve the accuracy of dosimetry procedures and as an alternative to ionization chambers. The results are obtained by reading the optical density of the solution after it is irradiated, and the dose is obtained

An improved design of neutron long counter has been developed. Twelve chromium rods were implemented into the moderator, which extended the response to the GeV region. The dimensions and geometry were varied and the consequences on the response function were studied. Different parameters were optimized based on Monte Carlo code to flatten the neutron response energy distribution, over a wide energy

The thermoluminescence (TL) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) responses of in-house produced CaF2:Tm dosimeters are investigated in this work, envisaging their application in electron beam (EB) radiation processing. The irradiations were performed at an industrial EB accelerator (1.5 MeV) covering a dose rate range of 2–8 kGy/s and dose up to 10 kGy. In general, the TL glow curves display

This introductory article treats aspects of the evolution of early semiconductor detectors towards modern radiation imaging instruments, now with millions of signal processing cells, exploiting the potential of silicon nano-technology. The Medipix and Timepix assemblies are among the prime movers in this evolution. Imaging the impacts in the detecting matrix from the individual ionizing particles and

Radon-222 is a naturally-occurring radioactive gas, and the measurement of this isotope and its progeny is of interest from the viewpoint of protection against internal exposure. The author has developed a new alpha/beta-imaging detector combined with a waveform digitizer capable of imaging alpha- and beta-particle locations simultaneously. A 0.9-mm-thick stilbene plate was optically coupled to a position-sensitive

A portable Single Sphere Neutron Spectrometer (SSNS) is designed to measure the neutron energy spectrum in the mixed radiation field. The spectrometer consists of a 30 cm diameter single polyethylene moderating sphere with 19 pieces 6Li and 1-piece 7Li glass scintillator detectors located at the orthogonal X/Y/Z axis. The output signals from each detector are processed and readout by the Silicon Photomultipliers

In most jurisdictions, the presently imposed annual eye-lens dose limits are 150 mSv for occupational and 15 mSv for the general public. These limits were based on a 1991 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), in its publication 60, and they were reiterated in 2007 in the ICRP publication 103. However, recent re-analyses of available epidemiological data

In this article, two etched track detector methods for measuring short-range particles are presented and compared. The primary method employs observations of the evolution of the track geometry in intermittent etching, with the use of the appropriate track scanning procedures. The alternative method requires one-step etching and a specific analysis of the track parameters. Both methods proved to be

We investigate the physical and dosimetric characteristics of Ag-activated phosphate glass exposed to proton beams with various energies. We present time-resolved blue and orange radiophotoluminescent (RPL) spectra and examine the dependence of the peak wavelengths and RPL area intensities on gate time. Moreover, we consider various micro-scale 3D patterns written on Ag-activated glass by a focused

Lithium triborate (LiB3O5), as a new nanophosphor with a tissue-equivalent absorption coefficient, was successfully synthesized by the precipitation assisted high-temperature solid-state technique and its specifications were investigated. In this work, TL dosimetric characteristics of LiB3O5:Al (2 wt%), including sensitivity, reproducibility, fading, annealing procedure, and energy response, were investigated

Ag-doped phosphate glass employed in the commercial dosimeter named FD-7 is used globally as one of the most reliable dosimeter materials. The luminescence phenomenon is well known as radiophotoluminescence (RPL). In this work, a new RPL glass material was developed for dosimeters that are used under high humidity conditions. The glass material that contains Ag2O as an activation center was produced

At synchrotron facilities, many X-ray imaging and diffraction experiments require pixel detectors with minimal noise, high speed and reasonably small pixel size, all of which can be achieved with the Medipix ASIC family. So, ESRF, Diamond Light Source and DESY have developed detector systems based on Medipix. In this paper, we report on these developments, with an emphasis on the challenges involved

Electret ion chambers are widely used passive detectors, employed for measurements of radon activity concentration in air. These devices are made of a Teflon electret coupled to an interchangeable ion chamber. A new type of electret produced by Rad Elec Inc., named Mid-Term, is used together with the S-type (200 cm3) chamber. It is designed to be operated in an intermediate range with respect to the

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a type of radiation therapy which can selectively kill tumor cells. The irradiation field employed in BNCT is a high intensity with a wide energy range, and undesired neutrons can be irradiated in a patient's body during the treatment as a result. These neutrons are categorized into thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons on the basis of their energy ranges. Their

The establishment of an in vivo internal monitoring programme requires the use of phantoms to represent an activity distribution of an incorporated radionuclide within the body. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of the phantom geometry on the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of an incorporated radionuclide. The MDA was assessed for two instruments: a conventional radiation protection

LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent glow-curve, which shape up to a dose of 1 Gy is remarkably invariable, at higher doses undergoes very strong changes. The most important of them is an occurrence of a new high-temperature peak B, which shows a peculiar property: its position shifts towards higher temperatures with increasing doses. In this work, the possibility of exploiting this shift of peak position

The W-MON project aims to improve and automatize the control of the presence of radioactive material in conventional waste containers at CERN using a distributed network of interconnected low-power radiation sensors. The key development is the integration of a lightweight but sensitive radiation sensor in a powerful network that allows continuous data recording, transfer and storage in a database for

The characterization of high intensity charged particle beams at medical accelerators poses several challenges. In this work, we investigate the use of a highly segmented CMOS Image Sensors (CIS), an MT9T031 from Aptina, as a way to study the spatial homogeneity and the time stability of the beam. The approach relies on the possibility to define many adjacent small regions that perform the radiation

For precisely estimating dose and elapsed time after an unrecognized high-dose radiation exposure in radiological emergency, applicability of the continuous-wave optically stimulated luminescence (CW-OSL) signals from Mg2SiO4:Tb (MSO) was investigated. Small disks of MSO were irradiated with β-rays from a Sr-90 source and their CW-OSL signals were analysed. The CW-OSL curves obtained by stimulation

An electron water calorimeter is described and is used to experimentally determine beam quality dependent conversion factors, kQ, for two ionization chamber types in high-energy electron beams. The current water calorimeter was upgraded to obtain reproducible measurements in electron beams from 10 MeV to 22 MeV (corresponding beam quality index R50 ranging over 4.20–8.97 g cm−2). Measurements of radiation

The energy response for angles of incidence of 0° and 60° of current BeOSL Hp(10)-, Hp(3)-, Hp(0,07)- and H*(10) dosemeters for photon radiation has been expressed in terms of the new operational quantities Hp, Dlens, Dlocal skin, and H* proposed by ICRU. Results show the Hp(3)- and Hp(0,07) dosemeters can be used for Dlens and Dlocal skin with minor modifications to the system calibration. The whole

The luminescent and dosimetric properties of nanostructured aluminum oxide which contains a mixture of metastable transition Θ, δ, and κ-phases were investigated. To vary the phase composition of the samples, they were annealed in air at 850–1200 оС. It was found that annealing the samples at Т = 850–1100 оС in air results in a change in the percentages of κ- and δ-phases with a slight variation in

CubeSats are inexpensive tools for studying cosmic radiation. The paper presents an architecture and measurement of Lucky 7 1U CubeSat, which was launched to the quasi-synchronous polar orbit with an altitude of 520 km on June 27, 2019. The satellite is equipped with a scintillator detector whose luminescence emission is measured by a PIN diode and a space GPS receiver that labels the radiation measurement

Features of luminescence optically stimulated from natural kunzite using 470 nm blue light are reported. Preparatory measurements of its X-ray excited radioluminescence and thermoluminescence show that the sample has two main bands centered at 360 nm and 600 nm. The optically stimulated luminescence discussed in this report was monitored in the UV region and is presumed to be the same 360 nm emission

EPR spectra of alanine dosimeters irradiated by gamma-rays and by alpha-particles were measured at different microwave power. The spectra were decomposed into three components corresponding to different stable radiation-induced radicals. Different ratio of the components was obtained for gamma- and alpha-irradiated alanine. The observed effect can be used for discrimination of the contribution of alpha-

Radiation doses accumulated in ceramic or brick and assessed by thermoluminescence (TL) or optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements are commonly used as a source of independent dosimetric information, helpful for validation of retrospective estimates of population exposures to anthropogenic radiation sources. This work systematically evaluates contributions to the cumulative dose in brick

This article describes an attempt to estimate the background (BG) pulse height spectrum (PHS) of the CeBr3 scintillation spectrometer due to terrestrial gamma ray components. In radiological emergencies, there are some cases which the prior measurement of the background components can't be made. By subtracting the BG components from the measured gross PHS, timely and accurate information about the

The objective of this study was to investigate the energy and angle dependence of the RPL dosimetry system in use at the Paul Scherrer Institute (GBFJ-01 dosimeter, FGD 660 reader, and CDEC-Easy algorithm) for the operational dose quantity H*(10) and compare the results with the requirements from the Swiss dosimetry regulation. The energy response was determined for photon energies between 12 keV (N-15)

Measurements using three-dimensional (3D) gel dosimeters and optical computed tomography (CT) have exhibited tremendous potential for fast and accurate 3D dose verifications in radiation therapy. However, accurate measurements may not be possible owing to cupping artifacts. It has been reported that the Fricke and the polymer gel dosimeters induce considerable and extensive cupping artifact effects

The work presents a self-consistent algorithm to study the response of passive neutron dosimeters based on CR-39 detectors, through simulations with the FLUKA code (version 2011.2x.5). The various assumptions and features of the algorithm are described and the simulated results are compared to some experimental data referred to monochromatic and quasi-monochromatic neutron fields to show the potentialities

In this study, we represent the track response data of poly (allyl diglycol carbonate) (PADC) using the number of interactions with the stopping medium induced by secondary electrons. The Number of Interactions induced by Secondary Electrons (NISE) is calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation code in Geant4-DNA. The description of the track response data given by NISE is improved compared with those

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) production of the medium component was investigated using a coarse-grained quartz sample from Australia. Analysis of OSL decay curves measured at different stimulation temperatures revealed that there was strong interaction between the initial occupancies of fast and medium OSL components. Preheating experiments showed that the thermal stability of the medium

The GEMPix is a novel detector developed at CERN, designed and built by coupling a small triple Gas Electron Multiplier with a quad Timepix ASIC for the readout. This structure has the advantage to have higher sensitivity to soft X-ray and high radiation tolerance for good spatial resolution of 2D images of intense particle beams. Several applications of this detector have been studied in the last

The introduction of radiotherapy beam delivery with high spatial modulation, including spot-scanning proton therapy, calls for development of 3D dosimeters for patient-specific treatment verifications. Inherently reusable methods like optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) pose a potential way to introduce a clinically viable 3D-dosimetry solution. Here we present a characterization of the OSL properties

Electron spin resonance (ESR) thermochronometry can in principle be used for reconstructing thermal histories of the upper ~ 2 km of the Earth's crust. We have analysed the ESR ages of Al and Ti centres in quartz from Fergusons Hill-1 borehole in the Otway Basin, Australia, to assess their trap parameters under natural conditions. The apparent ESR ages of both centres decrease with increasing temperature

Direct measurement of mammographic X-ray spectra under clinical conditions can be useful for quality control (QC) in mammography for estimating image quality and patient dose. The measurement of mammographic X-ray spectra using the traditional detectors with multi-channel pulse height analyzer (MCA) systems is challenging because of the limitations imposed on measurements with high energy resolution

A SiO2 cladding LYSO:Ce scintillation fiber is fabricated by the improved rod-in-tube method. The radiation sensing characterizations are studied by electron irradiation experiments, including time response, dose response, the influence of the factors such as the fiber length and the distance between radiation source and fiber on the radiation responses. Good electron radiation sensing characterization

This work presents the analysis of the images acquired by 3D scans of Fluorescence Nuclear Track Detector (FNTD)-based neutron dosimeters irradiated with fast neutrons. The objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of 3D track-spot detection and trajectories reconstruction of recoil protons, offering a robust δ-ray filtering, and investigate if this analysis provides useful information on the exposure

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential application of Al2O3:C and Al2O3:C,Mg optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) films for 2D dosimetry in magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT), a modality which combines two dosimetric challenges: small field dosimetry and dosimetry in the presence of a magnetic field. To achieve that, prototype Al2O3:C and Al2O3:C,Mg OSL films produced

This research work investigates the effects of He–Ne laser (115 and 287 J/cm2 fluence) radiation on the etching parameters like bulk etch rate VB, track etch rate VT, Sensitivity S, critical angle θC and efficiency η of Lexan plastic track detector, irradiated with fission fragments from 252Cf source. The changes in etching parameters due to He–Ne laser in the fluence range of 0, 115, and 287 J/cm2

The rotating scatter mask system is capable of determining the direction of a single point gamma or neutron source. However, the point source approximation does not hold for many realistic applications, requiring more detailed reconstructions with this system. This study is the first to characterize the rotating scatter mask as a gamma imager, or camera, through a detailed analysis of the relative

We have developed a compact, organic-scintillator-based alpha/beta spectrometer for radon measurements and have characterized it using a unique, small radon chamber. The spectrometer is composed of a through-silicon via (TSV) silicon photomultiplier (or SiPM) and a 6 mm × 6 mm × 6 mm stilbene crystal cube. Analog signals from the SiPM are sent to a digitizer. The detector is housed in a light-tight

The main aim of the presented paper was to perform neutron measurements using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors and to compare obtained results with those obtained on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental setup. The CR-39 type track detectors coupled with various radiators were used to measure neutrons emitted from a DT neutron generator. The detectors were also shielded with various

Radon is a gaseous alpha emitter radionuclide deriving from the primordial radioactive nuclides present on Earth. Although only 222Rn isotope is commonly considered in radon pollution surveys, there is another isotope, 220Rn, also called Thoron, that is dangerous for human health. In this work these two radon isotopes discrimination is investigated, using a solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD)

Aircraft crew are one of the groups of radiation workers which receive the highest annual exposure to ionizing radiation. Validation of computer codes used routinely for calculation of the exposure due to cosmic radiation and the observation of nonpredictable changes in the level of the exposure due to solar energetic particles, requires continuous measurements onboard aircraft. Appropriate calibration

The measurement of teeth in vivo (i.e., in the mouth, without extraction) with EPR spectroscopy in the L-band would allow to screen large groups of population in an event of an acute radiation exposure and in routine epidemiological studies. The radiation dose is proportional to intensity of the radiation-induced signal amplitude determined after subtraction of both native and solar light induced signal

This study aims to numerically perform individualized calibration of a whole-body monitoring system for measuring the activity of 131I internal contamination. A set of ten computational phantoms inside the whole-body counter (WBC) unit were simulated using Monte Carlo code MCNPX 2.6 to investigate the effect of various morphometric parameters on the calibration factors. The counting efficiencies for

This work presents the characterization of the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve of a copper and silver doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7:Cu,Ag) made using three different methods to identify the number of peaks, the trap structure and the kinetics parameters: TM-Tstop, glow curve fitting (GCF) and various heating rates (VHR). The obtained results can be consistently explained assuming four TL glow

A real-time neutron detector was developed to measure an intense neutron beam, based on both a thin silicon sensor and an extremely thin neutron converter for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Neutron response function and detection efficiency were evaluated at the BNCT facility. The response function consists of neutron events, detecting both triton particles produced from the 6Li (n,t)4He reaction

In this work, plastic scintillators containing organic phosphors with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties were developed. Among the various organic phosphors having AIE properties, 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was used in this study. Analysis of the scintillation properties of the scintillators containing different TPE concentrations was performed. It was found that the photoluminescence

In the framework of the European Project CONFIDENCE („COping with uNcertainties For Improved modelling and DEcision making in Nuclear emergenCiEs“), the characterization of two applications (“RadioactivityCounter and “GammaPix”) that enable dose-rate measurements with an ordinary smartphone was carried out. In case of a nuclear emergency, such softwares allow to use the CMOS sensor of the built-in

The aim of this paper is to characterize the IRSL response of rare earth doped CaF2 and co-doped with Al or Li, produced by the solution combustion synthesis (SCS). The results showed a high intensity of the infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IRSL) response for the samples of CaF2 doped with Tb and co-doped with Li. For the samples of CaF2 doped with Ce and co-doped with Li present better

A temperature growth and a decrease in impurity ion concentration result in a sensitivity increase of Al2O3:Mn ceramics to the ionizing radiation. The highest sensitivity to the ionizing radiation for Mn-doped alumina ceramics is observed for minimum dopant concentration and a maximum of temperature sintering (maximum sintering temperature). A sublinear increase in a thermoluminescence intensity with

In Japan, the possibility to change the current dose limit of the lens of the eye for the radiation workers working in the planned exposure situation (normal controlled situations) to a new ICRP dose limit was discussed. It was further discussed how to appropriately monitor and manage the equivalent dose of the eye lenses for these workers exposed to radiation at their workplaces, such as nuclear and

A portable thyroid dose monitoring system has been developed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to assess the thyroid equivalent dose for workers and members of the public in a high dose rate environment. The background (B.G.) photon correction is required for an accurate measurement in a high dose rate environment at an early stage after a nuclear accident. The responses of the system to the

With the aim of encouraging and facilitating the participation of Individual Monitoring Services (IMS) in personal dosemeter intercomparisons, EURADOS (the European Radiation Dosimetry Group) started to organise a self-sustained programme of regular intercomparisons in 2008. Since then, six intercomparisons for whole-body dosemeters and two for extremity dosemeters in photon and beta fields, and two

In the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, a considerable amount of radioactive materials were released into the environment. Long-term monitoring is essential for radiation protection and decontamination of the environment. In this study, we analyze the ratio of the air dose rate to 137Cs activity per unit area on the ground over different land use types, and further examine the