A systematic examination of the basic theory of general relativity is made, the meaning of coordinates again is emphasized, the confusion caused by unclear meaning of coordinates in the past is corrected, and the expression of the theory is made more accurate. Firstly, the equation of Einstein’s gravitational field is solved in the usual coordinate system, the existence of light speed invariant solution

In this recent study, we shall investigate the wormhole models with a Hu–Sawicki model in the framework of gravity. Spherically static symmetric space-time is considered to construct wormhole models with the anisotropic fluid distribution. The traceless matter is discussed by imposing a particular equation of state. To address the important conditions of the shape function of the wormhole geometry

In the present paper, we have introduced a new model of gravastar with an isotropic matter distribution in Rastall gravity by the Mazur–Mottola (2004) mechanism. Mazur–Mottola approach is about the construction of gravastar which is predicted as an alternative to black hole. By following this convention, we define gravastar in the form of three phases. The first one is an interior phase which has negative

We illustrate the chaotic nature of the circular restricted three-body problem from the perspective of the bifurcation diagram with respect to the mass ratio parameter. Moreover, it is shown that when the frequency ratio in different directions of the classical problem is irrational, it has the quasiperiodic characteristics. In addition, a three-dimensional approximate solution to this problem under

Billions of years ago, the Northern Hemisphere of Mars may have been covered by at least one ocean and thousands of lakes and rivers. These findings, based initially on telescopic observations and images by the Mariner and Viking missions, led investigators to hypothesize that stromatolite fashioning cyanobacteria may have proliferated in the surface waters, and life may have been successfully transferred

Nucleonic direct Urca processes and cooling of the massive neutron stars are studied by considering antikaon condensations. Calculations are performed in the relativistic mean field and isothermal interior approximations. Neutrino energy losses of the nucleonic direct Urca processes are reduced when the optical potential of antikaons changes from to  MeV. If the center density of the massive neutron

In this paper, the problem of the slow spinning motion of a rigid body about a point O, being fixed in space, in the presence of the Newtonian force field and external torque is considered. We achieve the slow spin by giving the body slow rotation with a sufficiently small angular velocity component about the moving z-axis. We obtain the periodic solutions in a new domain of the angular velocity vector

The small parameter method was applied for solving many rotational motions of heavy solids, rigid bodies, and gyroscopes for different problems which classify them according to certain initial conditions on moments of inertia and initial angular velocity components. For achieving the small parameter method, the authors have assumed that the initial angular velocity is sufficiently large. In this work

The present work aims at constructing an atlas of the balanced Earth satellite orbits with respect to the secular and long periodic effects of Earth oblateness with the harmonics of the geopotential retained up to the 4th zonal harmonic. The variations of the elements are averaged over the fast and medium angles, thus retaining only the secular and long periodic terms. The models obtained cover the

A derivation of Cosmological Age explicitly constrained by Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) is presented, demonstrating that the correct value of Cosmological Age is equal to the Hubble Age. It is shown that utilizing “z = 0” for Cosmological Redshift in the Present Epoch introduces a fundamental flaw into Cosmological Age calculations. However, this flaw is captured and corrected by the

In the current article, we study the kite four-body problems with the goal of identifying global regions in the mass parameter space which admits a corresponding central configuration of the four masses. We consider two different types of symmetrical configurations. In each of the two cases, the existence of a continuous family of central configurations for positive masses is shown. We address the

The receiver is a signal receiving device in a radio telescope system. As an important parameter to characterize the receiver performance, noise temperature is very practical to calibrate accurately. The traditional receiver noise temperature calibration method is the cold and ambient load method. Through the establishment of K-band ambient receiver, and its amplitude calibration test platform of the

Advances in Astronomy is pleased to announce the appointment of Prof Josep Trigo Rodríguez as its new Chief Editor. In this Editorial, Prof Trigo introduces himself, describes some of the journal’s journey and current status, and shares his vision and aspirations for its future.

Sky brightness measuring and monitoring are required to mitigate the negative effect of light pollution as a byproduct of modern civilization. Good handling of a pile of sky brightness data includes evaluation and classification of the data according to its quality and characteristics such that further analysis and inference can be conducted properly. This study aims to develop a classification model

When the Large Hadron Collider resumes operations in 2021, several experiments will directly measure the motion of antihydrogen in free fall for the first time. Our current understanding of the universe is not yet fully prepared for the possibility that antimatter has negative gravitational mass. This paper proposes a model of cosmology, where the state of high energy density of the big bang is created

To investigate the periodic behaviour and relationship of sunspot numbers with cosmic ray intensity and solar wind speed, we present analysis from daily data generated from 1995 January to 2018 December. Cross-correlation and wavelet transform tools were employed to carry out the investigation. The analyses confirmed that the cosmic ray intensity correlates negatively with the sunspot numbers, exhibiting

In this paper, we describe a technique, which uses an adaptive background learning method to detect the CME (coronal mass ejections) automatically from SOHO/LASCO C2 image sequences. The method consists of several modules: adaptive background module, candidate CME area detection module, and CME detection module. The core of the method is based on adaptive background learning, where CMEs are assumed

Overexposure may happen for imaging of solar observation as extremely violet solar bursts occur, which means that signal intensity goes beyond the dynamic range of imaging system of a telescope, resulting in loss of signal. For example, during solar flare, Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) often records overexposed images/videos, resulting loss of fine structures

Prior to the availability of digital cameras, the solar observational images are typically recorded on films, and the information such as date and time were stamped in the same frames on film. It is significant to extract the time stamp information on the film so that the researchers can efficiently use the image data. This paper introduces an intelligent method for extracting time stamp information

Solar flare is one of the violent solar eruptive phenomena; many solar flare forecasting models are built based on the properties of active regions. However, most of these models only focus on active regions within 30° of solar disk center because of the projection effect. Using cost sensitive decision tree algorithm, we build two solar flare forecasting models from the active regions within 30° of

Sunspots are darker areas on the Sun’s photosphere and most of solar eruptions occur in complex sunspot groups. The Mount Wilson classification scheme describes the spatial distribution of magnetic polarities in sunspot groups, which plays an important role in forecasting solar flares. With the rapid accumulation of solar observation data, automatic recognition of magnetic type in sunspot groups is

Geomagnetic activity with global influence is an essential object of space weather research and is a significant link in the section of the solar wind-magnetospheric coupling process. Research so far provides strong evidence that geomagnetic activity affects stock investment decisions by influencing human health, mood, and human behaviours. Therefore, this research investigates the empirical association

Automatic detection of solar events, especially uncommon events such as coronal dimming (CD) and coronal wave (CW), is very important in solar physics research. The CD and CW are not only related to the detection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) but also affect space weather. In this paper, we have studied methods for automatically detecting them. In addition, we have collected and processed a dataset

The Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) is one of the important scientific payloads in China’s Chang’E-3 (CE-3) to image within 100 m below the lunar surface. The acquired LPR data is significant for the research of lunar geological structure. Based on the sedimentary mechanism of lunar regolith, the regolith contains many rocks with different sizes. These local anomalies appear as diffraction in LPR data

The study on the Schrödinger basin may provide important clues about the formation of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. In this paper, the thermophysical features of Schrödinger basin were evaluated using the Chang’E-2 microwave sounder (CELMS) data. The results are as follows. (1) The geological units are reevaluated with the CELMS data and a new geological view was provided according to the brightness

Measurements of the disk-integrated brightness temperature of the Moon at 89, 157, 183, and 190 GHz are presented for phase angles between -80° and 50° relative to full Moon. They were obtained with the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) on NOAA-18 from 39 instances when the Moon appeared in the deep space view of the instrument. Polynomials were fitted to the measured values and the maximum temperature

The Deep Space Network (DSN) is a worldwide array of radio telescopes which supports NASA’s interplanetary spacecraft missions. When the DSN antennas are not communicating with spacecraft, they provide a valuable resource for performing observations of radio magnetars, searches for new pulsars at the Galactic Center, and additional pulsar-related studies. We describe the DSN’s capabilities for carrying

China Chang’E-3 performed soft landing at the plains of Sinus Iridum on lunar surface on December 2013 successfully; it opened a new window for observing lunar surface with radiometric tracking which many lunar scientific researchers always pursue for. Since July 2014, OCEL (Observing Chang’E-3 Lander with VLBI) project has been conducted jointly by IVS (International VLBI Service of Geodesy and Astrometry)

Filaments are a type of wide-existing astronomical structure. It is a challenge to separate filaments from radio astronomical images, because their radiation is usually weak. What is more, filaments often mix with bright objects, e.g., stars, which makes it difficult to separate them. In order to extract filaments, A. Men’shchikov proposed a method “getfilaments” to find filaments automatically. However

In this paper we derive a novel cosmological model from the theory of gravitation, for which is the Ricci scalar and is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We consider the functional form , with being the Starobinsky Model, named , and , with and being constants. We show that a hybrid expansion law form for the scale factor is a solution for the derived Friedmann-like equations. In this way, the

The solar radio flux at 10.7cm (F10.7) is a direct monitor and an important indicator of solar variability, and F10.7 is commonly used in empirical atmospheric models, ionosphere models, etc. The source regions of F10.7 are mainly in the corona above the active regions, and the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images reflect the coronal thermal structure. In this paper, an index is defined as based on the

SOLEM is the first space debris long-term evolution model of China. This paper describes the principles, components, and workflow of the SOLEM. The effects of different mitigation measures based on SOLEM model are analyzed and presented. The limitation of the model is pointed out and its future improvement work-plan is prospected.

Relations between the flux densities (F) and spectral indices () can help us analyze the emission process. In this paper, we choose 8 blazars (0235+164, 0430+052, 1156+295, 3C345, 1308+326, 1413+135, 3C454.3, and 1749+096) from the University of Michigan Radio Observatory (UMRAO) database to study the relations between the spectral indices () and flux densities at 14.5GHz (). The main results are the

The cosmic web structure is studied with the concepts and methods of fractal geometry, employing the adhesion model of cosmological dynamics as a basic reference. The structures of matter clusters and cosmic voids in cosmological N-body simulations or the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are elucidated by means of multifractal geometry. A nonlacunar multifractal geometry can encompass three fundamental descriptions

Solar radio images in decimeter wave range consist of many complicated components including a disk component, some bright and weak compact sources, and many diffuse features. Complicated structures combining these various components maybe cause restoration failure when using conventional algorithms. Furthermore, the images at different frequencies band are pretty different. Therefore, restoration method

The Chang’E-2 (CE-2) four-channel microwave radiometer (MRM) data with frequencies of 3 GHz, 7.8 GHz, 19.35 GHz, and 37 GHz have been used to investigate the properties of lunar surface such as regolith thickness, dielectric constant, and titanium abundance within a depth of several meters in middle and low latitudes. The purpose of this work is to take a close look at MRM data in the polar regions

This work is the extension of author’s research, where the modified theory of induced gravity (MTIG) is proposed. In the framework of the MTIG, the mechanism of phase transitions and the description of multiphase behavior of the cosmological scenario are proposed. The theory describes two systems (stages): Einstein (ES) and “restructuring” (RS). This process resembles the phenomenon of a phase transition

First CCD photometry for the contact binary MT Cas is performed in 2013 in December. The spectral type of F8V is determined from the low-precision spectrum observed on 2018 Oct 22. With Wilson-Devinney code, the photometric solutions are deduced from light curves (LCs) and AAVSO’s and ASAS-SN’s data, respectively. The results imply that MT Cas is a W-type weak-contact binary with a mass ratio of and

With the development of astronomical observation technology, astronomical devices produce more data than ever. Astronomical telescopes are usually far away from city, so the long-distance data transmission between telescope and data center faces great challenges. Visualization system of astronomical data transmission with four-layer structure was built to manage data transmission. This visualization

The Mg II index and sunspot area are usually used to represent the intensification contribution by solar bright structures to total solar irradiance (TSI) and sunspot darkening, respectively. In order to understand the cause of the solar cycle variation of TSI, we use extension of wavelet transform, wavelet coherence (WTC), and partial wavelet coherence (PWC), to revisit this issue. The WTC of TSI

This paper shows anthropic principle’s predicting symmetric distribution matter strata, their physics laws, and verifications, concretely deduces characteristic time, energy, and temperature expressions at different scales, discovers four interesting invariant quantities, shows homeomorphic theorem of space map, and naturally presents a supersymmetric scale energy. We further discover that any infinitesimal

We present a new analysis of the two-decade-old controversy over interpretation of satellite observations of total solar irradiance (TSI) since 1978 and the implications of our findings for TSI as a driver of climate change. Our approach compares the methods of constructing the two most commonly referenced TSI composites (ACRIM and PMOD) that relate successive observational databases and two others

Rain attenuation measurement techniques are studied with appropriate prediction of rain attenuation at Ku-band for Koreasat 6. This is accomplished by the establishment of experimental setup in Mokdong at 12.25 GHz link. The databases are analyzed for three years, 2013 till 2015. During observation period, rainfall rate of 50 mm/hr is obtained which is measured by OTT Parsivel showing the signal attenuated

This work deals with the nonlinear stability of the elliptical restricted three-body problem with oblate and radiating primaries and the oblate infinitesimal. The stability has been analyzed for the resonance cases around and and also the nonresonance cases. It was observed that the motion of the infinitesimal in this system shows instable behavior when considered in the third order resonance. However

This paper studies the motion of a third body near the family of the out-of-plane equilibrium points, , in the elliptic restricted problem of three bodies under an oblate primary and a radiating-triaxial secondary. It is seen that the pair of points () which correspond to the positions of the family of the out-of-plane equilibrium points, , are affected by the oblateness of the primary, radiation pressure

Extradimensional models are achieving their highest popularity nowadays, among other reasons, because they can plausible explain some standard cosmology issues, such as the cosmological constant and hierarchy problems. In extradimensional models, we can infer that the four-dimensional matter rises as a geometric manifestation of the extra coordinate. In this way, although we still cannot see the extra

The short-period solar-type contact binary HH Boo was monitored photometrically for about 8 years. It is found that the CCD light curves in the , , , and bands obtained in 2010 are symmetric, while the multicolor light curves observed in 2011 and 2012 by several investigators showed a positive O’Connell effect where the maxima following the primary minima are higher than the other ones. This indicates

The sensitivity of our pulsar observation system with typical integration time of 16 minutes has reached 0.4 mJy after we have upgraded the receiver cooling system of NanShan 25-m radio telescope (NSRT) at Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (XAO) in 2002. About 280 pulsars were observed after the upgrade. The NanShan station pulsar data is transmitted to the data center at XAO headquarters via a 300Mb/s

The initial parameters about resonant orbits in the Earth-Moon system were investigated in this study. Resonant orbits with different ratios are obtained in the two-body problem and planar circular restricted three-body problem (i.e., PCRTBP). It is found that the eccentricity and initial phase are two important initial parameters of resonant orbits that affect the closest distance between the spacecraft

Based on Tsallis holographic dark energy model recently proposed by using the general model of the Tsallis entropy expression, we reconstruct cosmographic parameters, , and we study their evolution in spatially flat ()-dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe using Granda-Oliveros scale. Our results show that the universe is in an accelerating expansion mode described by phantom-like behavior

A review is given of hypothetical faster-than-light tachyons and the development of the author’s model of the neutrino mass states, which includes one tachyonic mass state doublet. Published empirical evidence for the model is summarized, including an interpretation of the mysterious Mont Blanc neutrino burst from SN 1987A as being due to tachyonic neutrinos having This possibility requires an 8 MeV

3C454.3 is a widely studied and monitored flat spectrum radio quasar. We use the observations from the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System (SMARTS) to analyze the long-term optical and spectral variabilities of 3C454.3 at B, V, R, J, and K (BVRJK) bands. Based on the relation: , we calculate the multiband spectral indices () and analyze the relations between and , where is the flux

The debate on the role of Euler potentials (EP), , in the dynamo theory is a long-standing one. It is known that the cross-product of gradients of two the potentials may represent magnetic fields lines. However, 2D and 3D dynamo hydromagnetic simulations suggest that their utility as analogues of magnetic field potential is restricted. This raises questions about their utility in the broader context

Star sensors make use of astronomical information in stars to determine attitude for spacecrafts by star image recognition. For low-cost star sensors with small field of view, fusion of observed images from multiple fields of view is performed and a novel recognition algorithm based on path optimization by randomly distributed ant colony is proposed. According to pheromone intensity, the ant colony

To expand field of view (FOV) of telescope, the method of special scanning often is used, but, for some telescopes with special structure in optics and machine, the conventional scanning methods are unsuitable. This paper proposes a novel scanning method based on autoguiding system so as to expand the FOV of fiber array solar optical telescope (FASOT) in possession of the special structure in optics

Since the American Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landed on Mars in 2004, it has travelled more than 40 km, and heading-determination technology based on its sun sensor has played an important role in safe driving of the rover. A high-precision heading-determination method will always play a significant role in the rover’s autonomous navigation system, and the precision of the measured heading

The Chinese Mars exploration mission is planned to be launched in 2020, which includes an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. High precision Martian ephemeris is very important in Mars exploration, especially for the Martian orbit insertion and the Martian lander/rover landing. In this paper, we used simulation data to analyze the short-term prediction accuracy of the Martian ephemeris. The simulation

To improve the lunar DEM accuracy derived from CE-1 altimeter data, CE-1 laser altimeter data are calibrated in this paper. Orbit accuracy and ranging accuracy are the two most important factors to affect the application of altimeter data in the lunar topography. An empirical method is proposed to calibrate CE-1 altimeter data, using gridded LOLA DEM to correct systematic errors of CE-1 altimeter data

A denoising scheme for astronomical color images/videos corrupted with Poisson noise is proposed. The scheme employs the concept of Exponential Principal Component Analysis and sparsity of image patches. The color space RGB is converted to YCbCr and -means++ clustering is applied on luminance component only. The cluster centers are used for chromatic components to improve the computational efficiency

The mechanism responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a debated issue. The prompt phase-related GRB correlations can allow discriminating among the most plausible theoretical models explaining this emission. We present an overview of the observational two-parameter correlations, their physical interpretations, and their use as redshift estimators and possibly as cosmological