Higher oil recovery after waterflood in carbonate reservoirs is attributed to increasing water wettability of the rock that in turn relies on complicated surface chemistry. In addition, calcite mineral reacts with aqueous solutions and can alter substantially the composition of injected water by mineral dissolution. Carefully designed chemical and/or brine flood compositions in the laboratory may not

Cilia, hair-like, organelles that are found in the respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi) rhythmically beat to clear mucus from the airways. Here, we formulate a novel model of fluid flow due to the movement of cilia, and in the companion paper, Part II, the model is numerically solved under simplifying assumptions using physical data from lung bronchi. The model is based on

The aim of the present work is to investigate the flow rate/pressure gradient relationship for the flow of yield stress fluids through rectilinear capillaries of non-circular cross-sections. These capillaries very often serve as basic elements in the modeling of porous media as bundles of capillaries or pore-network models. Based on the notions of shape coefficient and critical Bingham number, empirical

This paper numerically investigates the heat transfer performance of thermally developing non-Darcy forced convection in a fluid-saturated porous medium tube under asymmetric entrance temperature boundary conditions. The Brinkman flow model and the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model are employed to establish the mathematical model of the studied problem to predict the forced convective heat

It is important to investigate interfacial effects on liquid transport characteristics through nanopores with strong wettability due to potential applications in several fields. The structural and transport properties of wetted liquid argon through nanochannels were investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A mathematical model for liquid flow in nanoporous media was established based on

Pore scale immiscible displacement is crucial in oil industry. The surface roughness of throat is an important factor affecting water–oil interface movement. In this paper, the Navier–Stokes (N-S) equation coupled with the phase-field method is adopted to analyze the oil–water flow and interface movement in single channel, considering different surface roughness, diverse wettability and various capillary

Wider use of timber has the potential to greatly reduce the embodied carbon of construction. Improved chemical treatment could help overcome some of the barriers to wider application of timber, by furthering the durability and/or mechanical properties of this natural material. Improving timber treatment by treating the whole volume of a piece of timber, or tailored sections thereof, requires sound

An analytical and numerical study was made on thermally developing forced convective flow in a channel filled with a fluid-saturated porous medium, subject to constant heat flux, under local thermal non-equilibrium. The Brinkman-extended Darcy model was employed to investigate the combined effects of the Darcy number, Biot number, effective thermal conductivity ratio and Graetz number on the longitudinal

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as typical porous materials, have been widely used for gas storage. However, impurities usually coexist in the stored gas, which will affect the deliverable capacity of the target gas. In this work, H2 gas (the target gas) adsorption process in 504 MOFs accompanied by impurities is screened by using a grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation method. The effects of the

We conduct pore-scale simulations of two-phase flow using the 2D Rothman–Keller colour gradient lattice Boltzmann method to study the effect of wettability on saturation at breakthrough (sweep) when the injected fluid first passes through the right boundary of the model. We performed a suite of 189 simulations in which a “red” fluid is injected at the left side of a 2D porous model that is initially

The porous structure of geomaterials is of utmost importance for various industrial and natural processes. In this study, various conventional porous structure characterization techniques such as mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), micro-X-ray computed tomography (μCT) imaging, as well as gas injection have been employed to perform a systematic and critical evaluation

A large set of 2D random arrays of circular cylinders is generated to perform a statistical study on rarefied gas flow through micro-porous media. The flow regimes in this work lie for Knudsen numbers (Kn) ranging from the continuum to the transition regimes. Arrays are built by randomly placing cylinders with constant diameter with a uniform distribution without overlapping, and are generated for

We derive a homogenized macroscopic model for fluid flows over ordered homogeneous porous surfaces. The unconfined free flow is described by the Navier–Stokes equation, and the Darcy equation governs the seepage flow within the porous domain. Boundary conditions that accurately capture mass and momentum transport at the contact surface between these two domains are derived using the multiscale homogenization

On the basis of a well-based model (Model I) developed in a previous work (Liu and Valkó in SPE J 2019. https://doi.org/10.2118/197049-PA), in which a fractional production decline model is developed based on anomalous diffusion to structurally account for the heterogeneity related to the complex fracture network, we incorporate two more components, i.e., the tempered anomalous diffusion and a source

Image-based simulations at pore scale provide direct insight into the impact of the microstructure on flow and transport processes in porous media. Diffusion is an important mechanism of mass transfer in gas or liquid phases, confined in porous media. Similar to fluid flow, the diffusive transport in porous media is a strong function of pore size and structure. Although the effect of porosity, pore

The linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses are carried out to study instabilities in Darcy–Bénard convection for non-Newtonian inelastic fluids. The rheological model considered here is the Darcy–Carreau model, which is an extension to porous media of Carreau rheological model usually used in clear fluid media. The linear stability approach showed that the critical Rayleigh number and wave

Pore compressibility is an important physical property of coal, which controls geomechanical behavior and hydrocarbon reserve evaluation of coal seams. However, the representation of pore compressibility is usually oversimplified in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir analysis. This study proposes the adoption of the dual compressibility concept, where both accessible porosity (connected pore) and the

To assess the long-term integrity of geologic CO2 storage, samples modeling caprock were reacted under a supercritical CO2-water system at 10 MPa and 40 °C. The resultant effects on their sealing performance were analyzed. The use of calcite-containing artificial samples comprising silica particles with controlled size, configuration, and packing density quantified the relation between the dissolved

Quantitative stereology translates three-dimensional statistics into areal and lineal size distributions. Conversely, cross-sectional data are used to infer volumetric properties. One may thus infer porosity from cross-sectional areal porosity or through segment intersections with void and solid. Cross sections of uniform and spherical-bead packs result in a size distribution of circles, the statistics

Fine-grained sandstones, siltstones, and shales have become increasingly important to satisfy the ever-growing global energy demands. Of particular current interest are shale rocks, which are mudstones made up of organic and inorganic constituents of varying pore sizes. These materials exhibit high heterogeneity, low porosity, varying chemical composition and low pore connectivity. Due to the complexity

Gravity drainage is known as the controlling mechanism of oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs. The efficiency of this mechanism is controlled by block-to-block interactions through capillary continuity and/or reinfiltration processes. In this study, at first, several free-fall gravity drainage experiments were conducted on a well-designed three-block apparatus and the role of tilt angle

In this study, the applicability of the composite model for assessing seawater intrusion and soil salinization in coastal aquifers due to climate change was investigated. In this approach, flow in the saturated zone of a coastal aquifer is simulated using a three-dimensional saturated–unsaturated transport model and flow in the unsaturated zone between the surface and groundwater level is simulated

This is the first study reporting a full three-dimensional (3D) non-normal-mode onset of convection in a porous medium. In this paper, the onset of thermal convection in a vertical porous cylinder is investigated theoretically. In particular, the contribution includes the following novelties. The homogeneous cylinder has a circular cross section. The eigenvalue problem is non-separable in space because

The CaO/Ca(OH)2 thermochemical energy storage system can store heat through reversible reactions for long term and transport energy for long distance, and thus can solve the mismatching between energy supply and demand. In this study, a one-dimensional model is developed for the physical–chemical–thermal processes during the hydration reaction of CaO/Ca(OH)2 system in an indirect fixed bed reactor

We present pore-scale simulations of two-phase flows in a reconstructed fibrous porous layer. The three-dimensional microstructure of the material, a fuel cell gas diffusion layer, is acquired via X-ray computed tomography and used as input for lattice Boltzmann simulations. We perform a quantitative analysis of the multiphase pore-scale dynamics, and we identify the dominant fluid structures governing

This research has found a novel computationally efficient method of modelling flow at low Reynolds number through fracture networks. The numerical analysis was performed by connecting Hele-Shaw cells to investigate the effect of intersections on the pressure field and hydraulic resistance for given inlet and outlet pressure values. In this analysis, the impact of intersecting length, intersecting angle

Carbon paper is commonly used to fabricate electrodes for batteries, and its morphology is crucial to the internal mass transport. In this work, geometric models of carbon paper are obtained by experimental and numerical reconstruction methods. The micromorphology of the carbon paper is obtained with a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray computed tomography scanner, and the binary slicing method

Flow of fluids through porous media such as soil, rocks, bones, wood and concrete has been an area of interest for engineering communities that deal with porous materials. The tools developed to describe flow through porous regions are generally applied to bulk materials with single composition. In this paper, however, we demonstrate their applicability to an interface of any two contacting surfaces

Numerical models have become indispensable tools for investigating submarine hydrothermal systems and for relating seafloor observations to physicochemical processes at depth. Particularly useful are multiphase models that account for phase separation phenomena, so that model predictions can be compared to observed variations in vent fluid salinity. Yet, the numerics of multiphase flow remain a challenge

We applied three oscillatory methods, the previously presented axial pore-pressure and pore-flow methods, and the laboratory application of the radial oscillatory pore-flow method, and performed steady-state flow-through experiments (Darcy tests), for comparison, in experiments on samples of Westerly granite and Wilkeson sandstone. The granite and the sandstone exhibit pore spaces dominated by micro-fractures

We derive a model for relative permeabilities under two-phase flows in porous media, where the phases may partly mix with each other, and one of the phases may be immobile. Particular cases are the bubble formation in an oil reservoir when the pressure falls below the bubble point, or, similarly, condensation and droplet precipitation in a gas-condensate reservoir. The dependencies for the relative

Turbulence transportation across permeable interfaces is investigated using direct numerical simulation, and the connection between the turbulent surface flow and the pore flow is explored. The porous media domain is constructed with an in-line arranged circular cylinder array. The effects of Reynolds number and porosity are also investigated by comparing cases with two Reynolds numbers (\(Re\approx

Borehole leakage is a common and complex issue. Understanding the fluid flow characteristics of a cemented area inside a borehole is crucial to monitor and quantify the wellbore integrity as well as to find solutions to minimise existing leakages. In order to improve our understanding of the flow behaviour of cemented boreholes, we investigated experimental data of a large-scale borehole leakage tests

Understanding flow of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media is critical to successful operation of several important processes, including polymer flooding, filtration, and food processing. In some cases, such as when a non-Newtonian fluid can be represented by the power-law model, simulation of its flow in a porous medium is a straightforward extension of that of Newtonian fluids. In other cases, such

In engineering, it is considerably important to understand the evolution process of sandstone deformation and permeability under complex stress conditions. Although numerous scholars have reported on sandstone permeability, many of their studies are only based on uniaxial or conventional triaxial stress conditions. In practical engineering, in situ stress evidently indicates three-dimensional anisotropy

Water flooding is a secondary oil recovery process where oil from porous rocks is displaced by high-pressure water. Often, water with high salinity was used in this process. In this work, the effects of metal cations on interfacial properties of oil–water-surfactant flooding systems were investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that the addition of metal cations can cause

Water condensation in shales impacts its hydro-mechanical response. A mechanistic understanding of the pore-water system is made more challenging by significant anisotropy of pore architecture and nano-scale heterogeneity of pore surfaces. We probe the condensation response in two contrasting shales exposed to a vapor of contrast-matching water, as characterized by in situ ultra-small/small-angle neutron

Rates of spontaneous imbibition of water and nonaqueous liquids into dry limestones have been measured at 25 °C. Thirteen English and French limestones were used, with eight liquids (water, decane, dodecane, sec-butanol, iso-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, perfluorodimethylcyclohexane, ethanediol). For the nonaqueous liquids, the measured sorptivity generally scales as (surface-tension/viscosity)\(^{1/2}\)

Mechanical damage and resultant permeability evolution during compaction of highly porous reservoir rocks have strong implications on the extraction of mineral and energy resources. Laboratory Experiments can be performed to quantify this effect; however, the effect of size on these processes and the information they provide need to be evaluated before any conclusion can be drawn. As part of this study

Underground storage of CO2 in geological structures is very often accompanied by chemical interactions between the storage rock formation, existing fluids (e.g. brine) and injected CO2. Depending on the mineralogy and initial petrophysical properties of the rock formation, such reactions may also alter the petrophysical properties of the rock through dissolution, precipitation, fines migration and

Due to discrepancies observed between many experimental results and predictions from the Bell–Cameron–Lucas–Washburn (BCLW) imbibition equation, the BCLW equation was often modified by considering the effects of pore/throat characteristics. As previous works mainly focused on liquid–gas systems, the effects of the viscosity ratios are neglected. In this study, the nonwetting-/wetting-phase-viscosity

Pore-network modeling is a widely used predictive tool for pore-scale studies in various applications that deal with multiphase flow in heterogeneous natural rocks. Despite recent improvements to enable pore-network modeling on simplified pore geometry extracted from rock core images and and its computational efficiency compared to direct numerical simulation methods, there are still limitations to

In this work, we calculate contact angles in X-ray tomography images of two-phase flow in order to investigate the wettability. Triangulated surfaces, generated using the images, are smoothed to calculate the contact angles. As expected, the angles have a spread rather than being a constant value. We attempt to shed light on sources of the spread by addressing the overlooked mesh corrections prior

Low-salinity (LS) waterflooding has been a topic of substantial recent interest in the petroleum industry. Studies have shown that LS brine injection can increase oil production relative to high-salinity (HS) brine injection, but contradictory results have also been reported and a mechanistic explanation of these findings remains elusive. We have recently developed a pore-scale model of LS brine injection

A successful prediction of the response of poroelastic material to external forces depends critically on the use of appropriate constitutive relation for the material. The most commonly used stress–strain relation that captures the behavior of poroelastic materials saturated with a liquid is that proposed by Biot (J Appl Phys 12:155–164, 1941). It is a linear theory akin to the generalized Hooke’s

Proper characterization of the mechanical and flow properties of participating rock formations is crucial for subsurface geo-energy projects, including hydrocarbon extraction, geologic carbon storage, and enhanced geothermal systems. Application of mechanical and hydraulic pressures changes the porosity of rock and modifies flow paths. For low-permeable or “tight” rock that mainly contains nanoscale

The pore structure of many carbonate formations is known to be very complex and heterogeneous. Heterogeneity is manifested by the presence of different types, sizes, and shapes of pores resulting from sedimentation and diagenetic actions. These complexities greatly increase uncertainties in estimated rock hydraulic properties in that different permeability values may occur for samples having similar

A two-scale model for multicomponent gas transport in porous media is developed. At the pore-scale, Stefan–Maxwell formulation is used to describe the multi-gas transport together with the mass and momentum conservation equations, whereas on the solid/fluid interface, a slip velocity according to the Kramers–Kistemaker condition is taken into account. The pore-scale equations are then upscaled using

The solution to the Buckley–Leverett problem in fractured porous media is investigated by applying the dual-porosity dual-permeability model. It is shown that the dual-permeability medium is equivalent to an upscaled homogenized medium at long injection times when local capillary equilibrium is established. Simple analytical relationships for the petrophysical properties and saturation functions of

Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods include the injection of aqueous polymer solutions slugs driven by water. Polymer solutions increase water viscosity, decreasing the water phase mobility and improving oil recovery through better sweep efficiency. In this paper, we present the water alternated polymer EOR technique, which is based on the injection of successive polymer slugs alternated by

We extend previous analyses of the origins of complex transport dynamics in compressible porous media to the case where the input transient signal at a boundary is generated by a multimodal spectrum. By adding harmonic and anharmonic modal frequencies as perturbations to a fundamental mode, we examine how such multimodal signals affect the Lagrangian complexity of flow in compressible porous media

We develop a new multiscale model to compute effective properties such as relative permeability, contact angle and partition coefficients in low salinity enhanced oil recovery processes for two-phase flow in sandstones containing reactive surfaces of kaolinite clay. In this setting, we construct a three-scale approach which entails the local nanoscale description ruled by the electro-chemistry of a

In this paper, we critique the performance of the node control volume finite element (NCVFE) method for modeling multi-phase fluid flow in heterogeneous media. The NCVFE method solves for the pressure at the vertices of elements and a control volume mesh is constructed around them. Material properties are defined on elements, while transport is simulated on the control volumes. These two meshes are

Viscous fingering in porous media is an instability which occurs when a low-viscosity injected fluid displaces a much more viscous resident fluid, under miscible or immiscible conditions. Immiscible viscous fingering is more complex and has been found to be difficult to simulate numerically and is the main focus of this paper. Many researchers have identified the source of the problem of simulating

We study transport of passive tracers by plane laminar flows with stagnation points. This setup serves as a simple model of transport in porous media. Close to stagnation points, the flow velocity is much lower than on the average. Many experimental data disclose that transport through porous media is slower than predictions of the standard advection-diffusion model. Commonly, in descriptions of flows

A theoretical analysis of a viscous flow in a corrugated curved channel enclosing a porous medium is carried out. The alignment of the corrugations of the outer and the inner curved walls is taken arbitrarily, and the corrugations are considered to be sinusoidal in nature with periodicity. The flow problem is described by Darcy–Brinkman model, derived in the curvilinear coordinates. The effects of

Chemical flooding has been implemented intensively for some years to enhance sweep efficiency in porous media. Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) is one such method that has become increasingly attractive. Historically, analytical solutions were developed for the flow equations for water flooding conditions, particularly for non-communicating strata. We extend these to chemical flooding, more generally