The blood flow in a normal aorta is simulated directly based on patient-specific data for boundary conditions. This study provides insight into the implications of using two different outlet boundary conditions in accurate modeling of the blood flow based on using pressure or flow rate outlet boundary conditions. Both boundary conditions at the outlet provided similar blood flow characteristics through

The dynamics of a fully three-dimensional lid-driven cubical cavity (3D-LDC) flow at several post-critical conditions, i.e., beyond the first bifurcation, are elucidated using both linear and nonlinear analyses. When the Reynolds number is increased beyond the critical value, symmetry breaks down intermittently with subsequent gradual growth in spanwise inhomogeneity. This results in crossflow as well

Hill’s vortex is a three-dimensional vortex structure form-preserving solution of the Euler equations (Hill in Philos Trans R Soc Lond A 185:213–245, 1894). For small amplitude axisymmetric disturbances on the external surface, the linear stability analysis by Moffat and Moore (J Fluid Mech 87:749–760, 1978) predicted the formation of a tail. Successive linear and nonlinear investigations confirmed

We present direct numerical simulations for the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the left ventricle of the human heart. This cardiovascular disorder manifests itself through systolic anterior motion (SAM), a drift of the mitral leaflets towards the aortic subvalvular region, sometimes causing ventricular obstruction during systole. This pathology is induced by a combination of factors

This paper reports the results from a direct numerical simulation of an initially turbulent boundary layer passing over a wall-mounted “speed bump” geometry. The speed bump, represented in the form of a Gaussian distribution profile, generates a favorable pressure gradient region over the upstream half of the geometry, followed by an adverse pressure gradient over the downstream half. The boundary

In this paper, experimental and numerical methods are presented to investigate the dam-break flow in a horizontal rectangular section flume. In the experimental part of the research, different configurations have been tested: dry flume and the presence of shallow ambient water downstream with varied depth. In addition, experiments with viscosity changes in the fluid have been conducted. Numerically

The capture mechanism of fibrous filters in a wet condition is studied by focusing on the single droplet impact to an initial droplet attached to the fiber. High-speed photography and numerical simulation are conducted to study the collision phenomenon. The eccentricity between the mass center of the impacting droplet and the initial droplet is varied to evaluate the threshold capture velocity of the

High-frequency ventilation is a type of mechanical ventilation therapy applied on patients with damaged or delicate lungs. However, the transport of oxygen down, and carbon dioxide up, the airway is governed by subtle transport processes which hitherto have been difficult to quantify. We investigate one of these mechanisms in detail, nonlinear mean streaming, and the impact of the onset of turbulence

In this work, the breakup of a droplet passing through an obstacle in an orthogonal cross section is numerically investigated. The relevant boundary data of the velocity field is numerically computed by solving the depth-averaged Brinkman equation via a self-consistent integral equation using the boundary element method. To study the dependence of the droplet breakup on the obstacle shape, two different

The present paper reports an investigation of the statistical properties of pressure fluctuations in the near field of subsonic compressible jets. The data-base analyzed has been obtained numerically by DNS and LES of two single-stream circular jets, having diameter-based Reynolds numbers of 3125 and 100,000 and Mach number 0.9, respectively, initially laminar and highly disturbed. Pressure fluctuations

A coupled level set and volume–of–fraction method is applied to investigate hollow oil droplet impacts on heated walls. Results show that given the increase in impact velocity, three evolutionary processes of spreading, transition, and central jet occur after the hollow oil droplet impact on a heated wall. The variation in the spreading length of hollow oil droplets is similar in different evolutionary

We present a comprehensive analysis of the cumulant lattice Boltzmann model with the three-dimensional Taylor–Green vortex benchmark at Reynolds number 1600. The cumulant model is investigated in several different variants, using regularization, fourth-order convergent diffusion and fourth-order convergent advection with and without limiters. In addition, a cumulant model combined with a WALE sub-grid

Purpose: We present a constructive procedure for the calculation of 2-D potential flows in periodic domains with multiple boundaries per period window. Methods: The solution requires two steps: (i) a conformal mapping from a canonical circular domain to the physical target domain, and (ii) the construction of the complex potential inside the circular domain. All singly periodic domains may be classified

The problem of the boundary condition setting is considered for creeping flows over cylindrical and spherical obstacles. The interaction of Newtonian and micropolar liquid with the solid surface is discussed in the context of the Stokes paradox and the cell model technique. Mathematical and mechanical aspects of various types of boundary conditions at the hypothetical liquid surface are considered

In this paper, the influence of the Mach number on the stability of two-dimensional compressible planar wakes is studied to gain physical insight into the turbine wakes. Two-dimensional instabilities of compressible wakes are studied using local spatiotemporal instability analyses. The absolute/convective boundary of a family of wake profiles is obtained at different Mach numbers. Then, local stability

We propose a simple model for the evolution of an inviscid vortex sheet in a potential flow in a channel with parallel walls. This model is obtained by augmenting the Birkhoff–Rott equation with a potential field representing the effect of the solid boundaries. Analysis of the stability of equilibria corresponding to flat sheets demonstrates that in this new model the growth rates of the unstable modes

Parametrically excited standing waves are observed on a cylindrical fluid filament. This is the cylindrical analog of the Faraday instability in a flat surface or spherical droplet. Using Floquet theory, a linear stability analysis is carried out on a viscous cylindrical fluid surface, which is subjected to a time-periodic radial acceleration. Viscosity of the fluid has a significant impact on the

The physical characteristics and evolution of a large-scale helium plume are examined through a series of numerical simulations with increasing physical resolution using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The five simulations each model a 1-m-diameter circular helium plume exiting into a \((4~\hbox {m})^3\) domain and differ solely with respect to the smallest scales resolved using the AMR, spanning resolutions

The mass transport in electrokinetically actuated microchannel flow is interesting when the wall reactions influence the wall potential, thereby affecting the hydrodynamics. This is the first work where the electro-osmotic flow is impacted by the chemical reactions. Since the wall potential is non-uniform, we have compared the results of the classical Poisson–Boltzmann equations with the generalized

Large scale industrial combustion devices, for example, internal combustion engines, gas turbine combustors, etc., operate under high-pressure conditions and utilize a variety of fuels. Unfortunately, the majority of the current numerical combustion modelling approaches are not fully validated for high-pressure and the non-unity Lewis number (\(\hbox {Le} =\) thermal diffusivity/mass diffusivity) effects

Many aquatic organisms from copepods to harbor seals are able to detect and respond to flow disturbances. The physiological mechanisms underlying such behavior remain a challenge for current and future research. Here, we propose a simplified flow sensing scenario in which a mobile sensor reorients its heading in response to local flow stimuli, with the goal of tracing the wakes created by oscillating

The equations governing the dynamics of a periodically driven micro-spheroid in an unsteady viscous fluid at low Reynolds number are derived. Its oscillation properties in the presence/absence of memory forces are reported. The core part of the derivation is a perturbation analysis of motion of a sphere. The calculated solutions match with those available in the literature in the limiting case of a

We carry out a priori tests of linear and nonlinear eddy viscosity models using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of square duct flow up to friction Reynolds number \({\text {Re}}_\tau =1055\). We focus on the ability of eddy viscosity models to reproduce the anisotropic Reynolds stress tensor components \(a_{ij}\) responsible for turbulent secondary flows, namely the normal stress \(a_{22}\)

Oscillatory instability of buoyancy convection in a laterally heated cube with perfectly thermally conducting horizontal boundaries is studied. The effect of the spanwise boundaries on the oscillatory instability onset is examined. The problem is treated by Krylov-subspace-iteration-based Newton and Arnoldi methods. The Krylov basis vectors are calculated by a novel approach that involves the SIMPLE

In this study, we propose a novel computational model for simulating the coffee-ring phenomenon. The proposed method is based on a phase-field model and Monte Carlo simulation. We use the Allen–Cahn equation with a pinning boundary condition to model a drying droplet. The coffee particles inside the droplet move according to a random walk function with a truncated standard normal distribution under

Effect of finite ion size on the transport of a neutral solute across the porous wall of a nanotube is presented in this study. Modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation without the Debye–Huckel approximation is used to determine the potential distribution within the tube. Power law fluid is selected for the study, as its rheology resembles closely to the real-life physiological fluids. The flow within the

The paper describes the longitudinal dispersion of passive tracer materials released into an incompressible viscous fluid, flowing through a channel with walls having first-order reaction. Its model is based on a steady advection–diffusion equation with Dirichlet’s and mixed boundary conditions, and whose solution represents the concentration of the tracers in different downstream stations. For imposing

Identifying accurate and yet interpretable low-order models from data has gained a renewed interest over the past decade. In the present work, we illustrate how the combined use of dimensionality reduction and sparse system identification techniques allows us to obtain an accurate model of the chaotic thermal convection in a two-dimensional annular thermosyphon. Taking as guidelines the derivation

This study presents two different machine learning approaches for the modeling of hydrodynamic force on particles in a particle-laden multiphase flow. Results from particle-resolved direct numerical simulations (PR-DNS) of flow over a random array of stationary particles for eight combinations of particle Reynolds number (\({\mathrm {Re}}\)) and volume fraction (\(\phi \)) are used in the development

This work deals with the characterization of the closed-loop control performance aiming at the delay of transition. We focus on convective wavepackets, typical of the initial stages of transition to turbulence, starting with the linearized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation as a model problem representative of the transitional 2D boundary layer; its simplified structure and reduced order provide a manageable

The mixing in three-dimensional enclosures is investigated numerically using flow in cubical cavity as a geometrically simple model of various natural and engineering flows. The mixing rate is evaluated for up to the value of Reynolds number \(\hbox {Re}=2000\) for several representative scenarios of moving cavity walls: perpendicular motion of the parallel cavity walls, motion of a wall in its plane

A major aim of the present study is to understand and thoroughly document the fluid dynamics in three-dimensional branching networks when an intermediate branch is partially or completely obstructed. Altogether, 26 different three-dimensional networks each comprising six generations of branches (involving 63 straight portions and 31 bifurcation modules) are constructed and appropriately meshed to conduct

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are regarded as important biomarkers for early cancer detection and treatment. Decades of research have made progress in CTC detection using deformability-based microfilters; however, developing a high-throughput CTC microfilter remains a challenging task due to the lack of the essential understanding of microscopic multiphase flow. To design and optimize a CTC microfilter

In recent years, machine learning has been used to create data-driven solutions to problems for which an algorithmic solution is intractable, as well as fine-tuning existing algorithms. This research applies machine learning to the development of an improved finite-volume method for simulating PDEs with discontinuous solutions. Shock-capturing methods make use of nonlinear switching functions that

Turbulence models facilitated by Kolmogorov’s theory play an important role for compressible flows. Typically the basis of these models is the power spectrum of the velocity \({\mathbf {u}}\) or of the density-weighted velocity \({\mathbf {w}}\equiv \rho ^{1/3}{\mathbf {u}}\). While for incompressible flow the quantity turbulent kinetic energy characterises turbulent motions, from the thermodynamic

Previous research studies indicate that the proportion of Magnus force at the spinning projectile tail position is very high. Meanwhile, the large mutations of aerodynamic characteristics are found after adding boattail structures. In order to study the influences of boattail structures on aerodynamics of a spinning projectile, a 6.37-diameter long tangential-ogive-cylinder projectile is selected as

We present results of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) and large eddy simulations (LES) of turbulent gravity currents with a discontinuous Galerkin finite elements method. In particular, we consider the lock-exchange test case as a benchmark for gravity currents. Since, to the best of our knowledge, non-Boussinesq three-dimensional reference DNS are not available in the literature

We propose a method to construct a reduced order model with machine learning for unsteady flows. The present machine-learned reduced order model (ML-ROM) is constructed by combining a convolutional neural network autoencoder (CNN-AE) and a long short-term memory (LSTM), which are trained in a sequential manner. First, the CNN-AE is trained using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data so as to map the

We develop an unsupervised machine learning algorithm for the automated discovery and identification of traveling waves in spatiotemporal systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Our method uses sparse regression and subspace clustering to robustly identify translational invariances that can be leveraged to build improved reduced-order models (ROMs). Invariances, whether translational

Many previous studies have shown that the fidelity of three-dimensional cardiovascular flow simulations depends strongly on inflow and outflow boundary conditions that accurately describe the characteristics of the larger vascular network. These boundary conditions are generally based on lower-dimensional models that represent the upstream or downstream flow behavior in some aggregated fashion. However

This paper considers membranes of globular structure in the framework of the cell model technique. The flow of a micropolar fluid through a spherical cell consisting of a solid core, porous layer and liquid envelope is modeled using coupled micropolar and Brinkman-type equations. The solution is obtained in analytical form. Boundary value problems with different conditions on the hypothetical cell

We present a systematic approach for determining the optimal actuator location for separation control from input–output response data, gathered from numerical simulations or physical experiments. The Eigensystem realization algorithm is used to extract state-space descriptions from the response data associated with a candidate set of actuator locations. These system realizations are then used to determine

We introduce a new approach for adaptive mesh refinement in which adaptivity is driven by low rank decomposition and optimal sensing of the dynamically evolving flow field. This method seeks an ordered set of locations for mesh adaptation from the instantaneous data-driven basis of an online proper orthogonal decomposition of the velocity, which organizes features into sparse optimal orthogonal modes

An inviscid vortex shedding model for separated vortices from a solid body is studied. The model describes the separated vortices by vortex sheets and the attached flow via conformal mapping. We develop a computational model to simulate the vortex shedding of a moving body, with varying angle. An unsteady Kutta condition is imposed on the edges of the plate to determine the edge circulations and velocities

Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study flow rate behavior of monoatomic fluid through carbon nanotube (CNT) against the pore diameter. All armchair and zigzag CNTs with diameters below 1.5 nm were considered. Fluid flow rate versus diameter is investigated, and discrepancy was observed in the results. Its non-monotonic behavior is reported and attributed to diameter-dependent potential energy

The control of complex systems is of critical importance in many branches of science, engineering, and industry, many of which are governed by nonlinear partial differential equations. Controlling an unsteady fluid flow is particularly important, as flow control is a key enabler for technologies in energy (e.g., wind, tidal, and combustion), transportation (e.g., planes, trains, and automobiles), security

The problem of finding optimal forcing and response for unbounded base flows, exemplified by the Blasius boundary layer, is assessed by means of a locally parallel resolvent analysis. A new analysis of previous results in the literature, which stated that a maximum resolvent gain occurs for spanwise wavenumber \(k_z \approx 0.2\), revealed that this result was not domain converged, and larger domains

We apply supervised machine learning techniques to a number of regression problems in fluid dynamics. Four machine learning architectures are examined in terms of their characteristics, accuracy, computational cost, and robustness for canonical flow problems. We consider the estimation of force coefficients and wakes from a limited number of sensors on the surface for flows over a cylinder and NACA0012

Surface acoustic waves have gained much attention in flow control given the effects arising from acoustic streaming. In this study, the hydrodynamic interference of a drop under surface acoustic waves is comprehensively investigated and the contact angle hysteresis effects are considered, too. This paper reveals the effects of some control parameters such as wave amplitude and wave frequency on the

We numerically study the dynamics of a hollow water droplet falling in the air under the action of gravity. The focus of our study is to investigate the effects of the difference in radii (thickness) of the hollow droplet, gravity and surface tension at the air–water interface on shape oscillations and the breakup dynamics of the hollow droplet. We found that the oscillations of the inner interface

Thermomagnetic convection is based on the use of external magnetic fields to better control heat transfer fluxes in ferrofluids, finding important applications in engineering and many related areas. The improvement of such methods relies on fundamentally understanding the flow of ferrofluids under temperature gradients and external magnetic fields. However, the underlying physics of this phenomenon

The present study aims to simulate a collision of two droplets containing immiscible liquids by employing a three- dimensional incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, with models implemented for the computation. The simulation of a head-on collision of two droplets, both of which contain the same glycerol solution, showed that the droplet behavior agrees very well with that observed

The aerodynamic characteristics of two neighboring airfoils are greatly different from those of a single airfoil, for both attached and detached flow conditions. In order to study the features of a two-airfoil arrangement with variations in the angle of attack and distances between the airfoils, and considering possible flow detachments, an adaptation of a discrete-time vortex numerical method is conducted

The present article deals with the spatiotemporal reduction of a reacting, supersonic, turbulent jet. A flowfield dataset is first obtained from a LES simulation including chemical reactions. The spatial reduction is accomplished by performing successively a Fourier transform in the azimuthal direction and a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), while the temporal reduction is obtained through a selection

In the present study, we investigate different data-driven parameterizations for large eddy simulation of two-dimensional turbulence in the a priori settings. These models utilize resolved flow field variables on the coarser grid to estimate the subgrid-scale stresses. We use data-driven closure models based on localized learning that employs a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network with

The numerical study of the wake of full-scale slender devices such as aircraft wings and wind turbine blades requires high-fidelity large eddy simulation tools. The broad spectrum of scales involved entails the use of coarse-grain models for the devices. Actuator disk or line methods have been developed for that purpose, and are to date the most employed in that context. These methods transfer the

The need to numerically represent a free vortex system arises frequently in fundamental and applied research. Many possible techniques for realizing this vortex system exist but most tend to prioritize accuracy either inside or outside of the vortex core, which therefore makes them unsuitable for a stability analysis considering the entire flow field. In this article, a simple method is presented that

In this work, we perform full-state LQR feedback control of fluid flows using non-intrusive data-driven reduced-order models. We propose a model reduction method called low-rank dynamic mode decomposition (lrDMD) that solves for a rank-constrained linear representation of the dynamical system. lrDMD is shown to have lower data reconstruction error compared to standard optimal mode decomposition (OMD)

The characteristics of the vortex flow with a free surface formed in a vertical cylindrical container filled with water, where the source of motion is the disk at the bottom endwall, are studied experimentally and analytically. Different types of oils and petroleum are used in experiments as admixtures. The problem of an “oil body” form in a complex vortex flow is considered on the basis of the analysis

The compressibility effects on the transition to turbulence in a spatially developing, compressible plane free shear layer are investigated via direct numerical simulation using a high-order discontinuous spectral element method for three different convective Mach numbers of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7. The location of the laminar–turbulent transition zone is predicted by the analyses of vorticities, Reynolds