Abstract Using a silicon photodiode, we have performed measurements of the power emitted by a vacuum arc in the UV and visible spectral ranges. Measurements have been carried out upon stabilizing the arc by an axial magnetic field in high-current modes with developed anodic activity. The power of radiation emerging from the arc through the side surface is measured. The results obtained show that, when

Abstract Mercury cadmium telluride n-Hg1 – xCdxTe (HgCdTe) films with near-surface wide-bangap layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(013) substrates. Admittance of the metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure was measured in samples based on the initial HgCdTe film and the same films after implantation with As+ ions and after subsequent thermal annealing. Methods taking into account

Abstract We present the results of quantum-chemical simulation of two types of molecular complexes of glycine with phosphine oxide H3PO, interacting through a proton or a Ca2+ cation. The formation of the glycine–Ca2+–phosphine oxide complex is energetically more favorable than the formation of a complex with a hydrogen bond. The results present hope that free amino acids can be used to decrease the

Abstract It is shown by IR spectroscopic investigation that ceramic zinc telluride contains water and carbon dioxide adsorbed on the surface of cavities between crystallites. It is found that hydroxyl groups occur on the surface of products as early as in the polishing stage, while the groups belonging to CO2 are adsorbed during storage under normal conditions. It is also established by the photoluminescence

Abstract—Studies have been carried out and a technology has been developed for the formation of a separating mesa structure in fabrication of multi-junction solar cells based on the GaInP/GaInAs/Ge heterostructure. Methods for etching of the heterostructure layers have been studied: wet chemical etching in compositions based on HBr, K2Cr2O7, and H2O and the plasmachemical etching in a flow of the BCl3

Abstract Young’s modulus for heterophase composite silicon carbide ceramics with different phase ratios has been determined by two independent techniques. The applicability of the Voigt–Reuss–Hill model has been tested to the calculation of the effective Young’s modulus by the measured properties of ceramic components. It is established that the calculated data and results of independent measurements

Abstract Size effects during phase transformations in submicrometer- and nanometer-sized systems manifest themselves in a substantial change of the phase diagrams. The construction of phase diagrams of small-volume ternary and multicomponent systems has not yet been mastered. Using an aniline–methylcyclopentane–hexane solution as an example, the effect of the particle (droplet) size on the region of

Abstract We present the measured spectra of γ and neutron radiation generated in the 9Be(3He,pγ)11B and 9Be(3He,nγ)11C nuclear reactions at an energy of 2.57 MeV of 3He ions using a BC-501A organic detector and an HPGe semiconductor spectrometer. Line shapes of 6.9-MeV γ-transitions from the 9Be(3He,nγ)11C reaction and 8.92-MeV transitions from the 9Be(3He,pγ)11B reaction, measured at angles of 0°

Abstract Continuous nanocrystalline coatings of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with a thickness of ~1000‒350 nm are prepared from highly concentrated aqueous solutions of lithium and sodium borates, which display good film-forming properties. The borate solutions were applied on silicon substrates by spin coating followed by drying in air and treatment in ammonia at a temperature of 1300°C. This method

Abstract An express technique for characterizing narrow-gap waveguide heterostructures with the HgCdTe/CdHgTe quantum wells is proposed, which is based on an analysis of their room-temperature luminescence response. Advantages and constraints of this characterization technique are discussed in comparison with methods for more detailed diagnostics that entail photoluminescence and photoconductivity

Abstract The effect of the porosity of a silicon layer containing macropores on the elastic and thermomechanical properties of SiC/Si substrates obtained by the atomic substitution method has been studied. The calculation of the elastic constants of porous silicon is performed by the finite element method. The results of calculating of Young’s modulus in the [111] direction agree with the estimates

Abstract The results of initiation of film charges of VS-2 pyrotechnic composition by flash lamps have been presented. It has been shown for the first time that the pulsed radiation of flash lamps causes the detonation, the speed of which is ∼4300 m/s, in a film of the VS-2 composition and the deformation, the depth of which depends on the thickness of the film charge of the VS-2 composition, in an

Abstract By means of quantum chemistry, it is established that tungsten and rhenium are most effective alloying elements capable of increasing the resistance of aluminum alloys to hydrogen-induced embrittlement. Tungsten (W) and rhenium (Re) atoms produce strong compression of aluminum lattice, while having sufficiently large covalent radii. In addition, each W and Re atom forms stable chemical bonds

Abstract Features of the molecular beam epitaxy growth of the AlSb/InAs heterostructures with a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas for microwave transistors with ultralow power consumption are described. The main stages of fabrication of the transistors based on the AlSb/InAs heterostructures are outlined. The drain and drain–gate characteristics of the transistors are reported and discussed

Abstract We report on the results of investigations of the optical and magnetooptical properties of DyxCo1 – x/Bi/Py (Py is permalloy) trilayers. The temperature dependence of the magnetization has been examined using the magnetooptical Kerr effect and the optical refractive and absorption indices have been measured by spectral ellipsometry. It is shown that the thickness of the bismuth spacer affects

Abstract Two algorithms for calculating the neutron yield of the Globus-M2 tokamak are considered for the case of anisotropic ion velocity distribution functions. Such calculations are necessary for estimating the neutron flux produced as a result of the interaction between fast particles (deuterons) arising from the injection of a high-energy atomic beam. The first algorithm comprises the calculation

Abstract We have studied the dynamics of air humidity in the interior of a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module equipped with air-drying device filled with moisture-absorbing material based on silica gel. A new design of the air-drying device was developed for preventing the deposition of condensate onto the surfaces of a Fresnel lens, solar cell, and CPV module. Under unfavorable ambient conditions

Abstract We present new information on the development of Alfvén modes on the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak. Data have been obtained using a V-band Doppler reflectometer with probing radiation frequencies from 50 to 75 GHz. Аs a multifrequency source of probing radiation, a microwave harmonic synthesizer has been used. As a result of using the new reflectometer, the toroidal Alfvén mode localization

Abstract We demonstrate the possibility of generating a periodic sequence of ultrashort electromagnetic microwave pulses in a scheme with two parallel coaxial electron beams formed by a common cathode and transported via common vacuum channel. The external cylindrical tubular beam ensures the amplification of radiation during rectilinear propagation along periodic slow-wave system, while the internal

Abstract The results of experiments on determining the polarization of two types of Alfvén oscillations observed with magnetic probes in the TUMAN-3M tokamak are presented. The difference in the polarization of short and long bursts of Alfvén oscillations, arising both in ohmic regime and during neutral beam injection, is found. The role of high-energy electrons in the excitation of Alfvén oscillations

Abstract The effect of mechanical activation of radiofrequency superradiance in a composite based on a heterospin molecular magnet and a polystyrene matrix has been established. Mechanical activation was carried out for the first time in the rheological explosion unloading mode.

Abstract Passage of a 10-keV electron beam through a bundle of hollow polysulfone fiber with an inner channel diameter of 160 ± 60 µm was studied. The dependence of the electron beam that passed through the channels on the channel tilt angle with respect to the incident beam axis was measured. The fraction of electrons with an energy loss of less than 10% after passing the channels was also estimated

Abstract We present experimental results concerning time scale transmission to a remote consumer using a relativistic synchronization. The time scale transmission is carried out using a transportable quantum clock on an automobile chassis moving along federal roads for a distance of more than 5000 km. The results are confirmed by an independent method for comparing time scales using signals from global

Abstract The results of an experimental study of the frequency dependence of the detected voltage of semiconductor diodes for various destinations (microwave detectors, parametric amplifier, low-frequency rectifier) are presented. It was found that the diodes with a cutoff frequency less than 100 MHz exhibit detector properties at 10 GHz.

Abstract It is shown for the first time that thin boron phosphide (BP) layers on silicon substrates can be formed by low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition at 250°C. Experiments demonstrated the possibility of using these BP/Si interfaces as selective hole contacts to silicon in solar cells.

Abstract The formation of flexoelectric domains in a mixture of nematic liquid crystals N-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline and 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl with the permittivity anisotropy εa ≈ 0 under dc voltage has been investigated. The threshold characteristics of the domain structure (threshold voltage and spatial period) in this mixture have been measured. The difference in the flexoelectric

Abstract Specific features in the magnetization of BiFeO3 nanoclusters synthesized under solution combustion conditions with a size of nearly 50 nm are described. It has been shown that the magnetic response of nanoclusters may appreciably variate, if they are synthesized with different types of organic fuel. The magnetic behavior of this material can be described by the model of noninteracting particles

Abstract Photovoltaic characteristics of high-power IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) manufactured by OSRAM GmbH on the basis of structures with two in-series p–n junctions have been studied. The spectral range of operation of photovoltaic converters based on LEDs with different emission wavelengths was determined. It was shown that the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion of these LEDs reaches values

Abstract The possibility of using acousto-optic multiband filters for construction of code division multiple-access communication networks has been experimentally proved. Correlation interference has been studied for a set of bands with a spectrum close to sin(x)/x function which are used for encoding/decoding. For the case of several transmitters, a special technology was developed and realized that

Abstract The thermal and optical properties of a combined (hybrid) metal–dielectric reflector comprising a gold layer and distributed Bragg reflector composed of alternating In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As bilayers are considered. It is established that a high coefficient of reflection of the hybrid structure can be achieved at low absorption in the metal and relatively small total thickness of the dielectric

Abstract The relationship between the mechanical properties of anisotropic materials and their thermophysical characteristics was experimentally revealed using the example of Scots pine (Pınus sylvéstris L) wood. By measuring the hardness and principal components of the thermal diffusivity tensor, on three sections (normal to the fibers, tangential, and radial) at different wood moisture content, it

Abstract In a numerical experiment based on nonstationary codes, it is shown that introduction of reflections at the ends of the slowing structure of a relativistic backward wave oscillator operating in the superradiance mode provides conditions for the formation of a sequence of powerful ultrashort microwave pulses during a single current pulse. The pulse repetition frequency is specified by the time

Abstract The emission spectra of the CaO molecule behind the front of a reflected shock wave in a shock tube with a diameter of 50 mm has been studied. The spectra are recorded using a specially designed compact spectrometer with a CCD array, as well as using a spectrometer based on an upgraded MDR-12 monochromator and a Sony SLT-A77 camera as a radiation detector. The emission spectra of CaO are recorded

Abstract A stable and fast numerical method for calculating complex energies and wave functions of carriers in one-dimensional electrically biased periodic structures is presented. Optical transitions in a superlattice (Bloch oscillations) have been investigated using this method. It is shown that the transition probabilities depend nonlinearly on the applied (sufficiently strong) field. In this case

Abstract In this Letter, results of measurements of radiation losses Prad and effective ion charge Zeff in the conditions of magnetic field up to 0.7 T and plasma current up to 300 kA for a wide range of electron density first obtained on the Globus-M2 tokamak are presented. The analysis of the results shows the decrease in the radiation losses share of the input power on the Globus-M2 tokamak as compared

Abstract The phenomenon of chimera state cloning in a two-layer network of bistable time-delayed feedback oscillators has been experimentally studied for the first time in cases of unidirectional and mutual coupling between the network layers. It is established that the cloning of chimera states in the case of mutual coupling is only possible provided a proper choice of the initial conditions for oscillators

Abstract The results of studying the initial phase of a spark discharge microstructure formation in a tip–plane gap 1.5 mm length in air are presented. Measurements show that, within 15 ns after breakdown, the channel is an aggregate of a large number of microchannels, the current in the channel rises almost linearly to a value of 1 kA, and the electron density reaches 2 × 1019 cm–3. Calculations of

Abstract —A theoretical study of the scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves in the spectral range from gigahertz to red for the model of amorphous carbon modified with metals is reported. Based on the structural analysis of this material, a cylindrical anisotropic nanoparticle, i.e., a nanotube responsible for its absorbing and antireflection properties, was chosen as a candidate. A model

Abstract Low-pressure inductively coupled plasma of gaseous CF3Br has been studied by Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy (actinometry) techniques. The electron temperature, electron and positive ion concentrations, and concentrations of fluorine- and bromine-containing radicals are determined. An explanation of the previously reported significant degradation of ultralow-k dielectrics

Abstract In this paper, we study the possibility of detecting ultrawideband chaotic radio pulses using an ensemble of incoherent receivers based on envelope detectors. An analytical expression for the reception error probability as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the envelope detector is obtained. The sensitivity of radio pulse detection (in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio)

Abstract The spectrum of slow electromagnetic waves (EMWs) existing in a left-handed medium based on a magnetoactive plasma metamaterial has been theoretically studied. The metamaterial under study is a strip waveguide completely filled with longitudinally magnetized cold electron plasma containing a periodic structure made from ideally conducting split-ring resonators. It is shown that there exists

Abstract A novel planar microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure (SWS) on dielectric substrate for a miniature low-voltage millimeter-band traveling-wave tube (TWT) with a high-aspect-ratio sheet electron beam is proposed. Main electromagnetic parameters of the SWS were studied. Using of such a slow-wave structure may lead to increase of the gain and output power of the TWT amplifier.

Abstract We have studied the growth of GaN layers by the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on sapphire substrates at various reactor pressures, including ones above the atmospheric level. It is established that the epitaxial growth at higher pressures does not affect the crystalline perfection of epilayers, their electron mobility, and background impurity level, but leads to the formation of

Abstract Sputtering yields and their angular dependences for tungsten bombarded with beryllium (Be) and neon (Ne) ions were calculated using the molecular dynamics method, showing good agreement with experiment for Ne–W collisions. Data for the Be–W interaction are necessary for calculating the impurity supply during bombardment of the diverter material (W) into plasma of the ITER tokamak. A model

Abstract High-speed photodetectors (PDs) based on InGaAs/GaAs quantum well-dot (QWD) nanostructures with the frontal-end and back-end input of radiation have been studied. A PD with 40 rows of QWDs exhibited a spectral responsivity of up to 0.4 A/W in the 950–1100 nm optical range at a –5-V bias voltage. The decay time constant of pulsed response for PDs with an input area of 1.4 × 10–4 cm2 was ~250

Abstract The results of developing a new type of the gas-analytical device for detection of hard-volatile active organic compounds such as drugs, psychotropic preparations and their metabolites, environmental contaminants have been presented. It is based on the principle of thermodesorption in combination with surface ionization of analyte molecules. The trace amounts of an analyte (beginning with

Abstract It is shown that the photoresponse threshold and photosensitivity in a photoresistor material based on silicon doped with manganese atoms with the formation of the Mn4B nanoclusters can be changed by varying the electric field in the range of 0.1–30 V/cm. It has been found that, by changing the electric field, one can shift the photoresponse threshold of the samples at T = 100 K from 4.6 to

Abstract Metal–ferroelectric–semiconductor Pb(ZrTi)O3/Ba0.2Sr0.8TiО3/Si(001) heterostructures have been synthesized by radiofrequency cathode sputtering. It has been established that the Pb(ZrTi)O3 films are single-phase and textured and the degree of predominance of one crystallographic orientation over another (110 or 001) is determined by the Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3 sublayer thickness. It is shown that,

Abstract Temperature-dependent decline in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of blue light-emitting diodes, which is at a maximum at j < 10 A/cm2 and becomes stronger with temperature increasing to 400 K, is due to the buildup of the loss for the nonradiative recombination upon carrier tunneling that involves traps and phonons. As the p–n junction becomes open at j > 40 A/cm2 the decline in the

Abstract The results of an experimental study of the interfacial tension and surface wettability in the nanosuspension/oil/rock system are given. The effect of the concentration and size of silicon oxide nanoparticles on the coefficient of interfacial tension and the contact angle of wetting has been systematically studied for the first time. A wide range of weight concentrations of nanoparticles (from

Abstract The behavior of characteristics of localized plastic flow autowaves in a Fe–Cr–Ni alloy in the temperature interval of 143 ≤ T ≤ 420 K (0.34 ≤ T/ΘD ≤ 1), where ΘD = 420 K is the Debye temperature (parameter), is considered. It is shown that the product of the length and propagation rate of the autowave λVaw in this interval decreases with temperature. At the same time, the ratio of this quantity

Abstract It is shown using the methods of acoustic emission in the version of linear location and internal friction that, upon extension of an initially equilibrium composition (carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic), nonrelaxed stress is accumulated at sites of explosive creation of microcracks. This process is caused by incomplete relaxation redistribution of the stored energy/elastic strain according

Abstract Peculiarities of the motion of one and two supercavitating strikers in water upon their simultaneous entry into water at speeds exceeding the speed of sound in the medium are considered. Conditions have been developed to ensure nondestructive entry of strikers into the water and stable movement along an aiming trajectory in the transonic speed range. A stable joint motion of two strikers in

Abstract Using simple models, analytical estimates of quantum capacitance CQ are obtained for an infinite sheet, a nanoribbon, and a chain of two-dimensional analogs of the ANB8 – N compounds with a hexagonal structure (graphene-like compounds). It is demonstrated that there is a nonmonotonic dependence of CQ on the electrostatic potential.

Abstract We have studied the influence of the carbon black content on the phase composition of a polymer composite material based on ethylene vinyl acetate. It is established that there exists an additional (high-temperature) crystalline polymer phase the relative fraction of which depends on the content of carbon black. Saturation of the carbonaceous polymer composite with peroxide significantly influences

Abstract The results of studying the conditions for obtaining an atomically smooth surface of GaSb substrates are presented for the first time. It has been shown experimentally that it is possible to improve the surface quality of the samples by changing the annealing conditions. The smallest roughness of 1.3 nm was obtained for an annealing time of 16 min at a temperature of 650°C in a flow of trimethylantimony

Abstract The quality of the crystallographic texture is analyzed for thin ribbons made of ternary Cu–40% Ni–Me (Me = Nb, Mo, or W) alloys, which are promising materials for epitaxial substrates. Optimal regimes of recrystallization annealing of ~100-μm-thick ribbons made of these alloys are determined, which provide perfect cubic texture with a fraction of {001}〈100〉 grains of more than 96%. The proposed

Abstract Constrained shear strain with subsequent annealing was used to fabricate an in situ Al−Nb metal matrix composite with the fraction of an Al3Nb intermetallic phase of 25 at %. The composite microstructure was studied. The emission efficiency of the Al−Nb composite samples in a glow discharge was determined, along with those of aluminum and niobium as cold cathodes. The difference in the glow

Abstract Results are reported of using subcontact layers with energy gap width Eg of 0.35 to 0.8 eV for obtaining low-resistivity electrical contacts to p-InP. An experimental dependence of the contact resistance on Eg of the subcontact material InxGa1 – xAs was obtained.

Abstract It is shown that the degree of damage of the near-surface layer of p-silicon can be estimated with the aid of a MoOx/p-Si selective contact, the current–voltage characteristics of which are highly sensitive to states on the silicon surface formed during the deposition of silicon oxide by method of magnetron sputtering.