Stereometric and fractal analyses have been performed on the three-dimensional surface microtexture of the sputtered copper indium disulfide films on various substrates. The target used in the sputtering was made from nanoparticles synthesized by the solvothermal route. The effects of substrate on structural and morphological properties of the films were investigated. The obtained CuInS2 films were

Wastes produced during food processing in day to day life can cause environmental pollution if not managed properly. One of the best methods to overcome such a problem is to convert this wastage into compost, which can strengthen our ecosystem. However, it may not be possible to convert it into compost every time and thus an alternate process is the need of time. In this regard, the present research

This work presents the estimation of cation distribution of ultrafine NixCo1−xFe2O4 nano-ferrites (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) from structure, magnetic and electrical investigations. “Sol gel” was the method used to synthesize Ni–Co ferrites. Ni2+-doped CoFe2O4 nanostructure has a broad range of electromagnetic applications due to its controllable magnetic and electrical properties. From XRD patterns

Amassed borophosphate lithium molybdate samples were synthesized by the melting classical technique. To check the conditions of these synthesized glasses, the X-ray diffractometer technique was applied. The density value of these samples was increased as well as the molar volume decreased. The mechanical characteristics were linked with Fourier-transform infrared spectrum results. The addition of MoO3

Nanometre size semiconductors have been a topic of great interest. Porous silicon surfaces have been fabricated by photoelectrochemical etching for n-type silicon wafers. The objective of this paper focuses on the investigation of the effecting of deposited p-Ga/n-PSi on the performance of silicon solar cells. Gallium thin layer (400 nm) doped n-type porous silicon has been Determined by photoluminescence

Polymer composite materials with mixed fillers are widely investigated due to potentially superior properties they provide compared to a composite with a single filler. In this work, the electrical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/BaTiO3/epoxy composites are investigated using impedance measurements, modeling with equivalent circuit model, determining of alternating current conductivity

The perovskite type oxide SrHfO3 had a huge scientist interest for the past few years thanks to its properties, which allowed it to be applied in different area, in our case we focused on the photovoltaic field application and it is known that this technology has been based on the use of semiconductors with a specific gap value since its birth, which indicates that the gap value is an important element

This paper reports the investigation of conventional junctionless tunnel FET (JL-TFET) and N+ pocket-doped junctionless vertical tunnel FET (JL-VTFET). The investigation is done by analyzing the effect on the ID–VGS characteristics (a) under a wide range of temperature and (b) in the presence of acceptor interface trap charges. This work also examines the performance of noise and its impact on the

β-Lithium ammonium sulphate single crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystals have an orthorhombic crystal structure with P21cn space group. From the UV–visible spectroscopy, the high transmittance and low reflectance nature of grown crystals was observed. The various optoelectrical parameters like refractive index, extinction

In this communication, the structural and electrical properties of metal–ferroelectric–insulator–silicon (MFIS) capacitor structure have been reported for non-volatile memory applications. Sol–gel with spin coating and rf sputtering process have been used for depositing BiFeO3 (BFO) and ZrO2 films, respectively. It has been observed that BFO film shows pure ferroelectric phase, uniform grain size and

The temporal and spatial evolution of femtosecond laser-induced phase transitions and ablation on single-crystalline silicon carbide (SiC) were investigated via pump-probe microscopy in air on a time scale from approximately 100 fs to 1 ns. The largest reflectivity change was observed between 300 fs and 1 ps after excitation, which is due to free carrier generation, and the Drude model calculations

CrN, CrTiN and CrTiBN coatings were deposited on Si(100) and 316L stainless steel substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering system, and their microstructures, mechanical and tribological properties were characterized systematically. The results showed that CrN coatings consisted of CrN nanograins. After doping Ti and B elements, there mainly existed as TiN0.3 nanograins and amorphous BN phases

In this study, a novel sensor with high sensitivity and linear was prepared based on two-dimensional (2D) material (MXene) and ink, which can be used for deformation and damage monitoring of structural composites. The MXene was efficiently prepared by etching Ti3AlC2 powder with LiF–HCl solution and subsequent vacuum drying. The viscosity and adhesion of MXene/ink composites were controlled by changing

FM (ferromagnetic)/AF (antiferromagnetic) heterogeneous multilayer films, with high-saturation magnetization (4πMs), low coercivity (Hc), and low ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth (∆H), have great application prospects in microwave/millimeter-wave devices. In this study, the Ni81Fe19 (t nm)/Fe50Mn50 (15 nm)/Ni81Fe19 (t nm) films were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering, and the effects of thickness

The arthrodial membrane is a thin and flexible type of cuticle that inserts at the edge regions of neighbouring rigid skeletal elements creating a flexible connection. In the present study, we analyzed the structure, mineral composition, calcite organization and local stiffness and hardness of edge regions that form transitions to the arthrodial membranes in the tergites of the desert isopod Hemilepistus

This paper presents studies of a passive wireless ultraviolet (UV) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor operating in the frequency range 436–440 MHz. The sensor contains two SAW delay lines (DLs). The first DL is measuring, and the second is the reference. In the measuring DL, receiving–transmitting inter-digital transducer (IDT) is connected to the antenna and the sensing element zinc oxide film. In

Micropillar adhesives have gained increasing attention because they generate high pull-off forces. The generation of high friction, however, has been proven difficult with such geometries, because micropillars tend to buckle under shear loading. Here, we fabricated orthogonal arrays of composite poly-dimethoxysiloxane (PDMS) micropillars with a stiff core and spin-coated them with PDMS solutions to

High-stability piezoresistive sensors are an important part of smart wearable systems. In this study, an in situ polymerization method was used to polymerize a layer of polydopamine (PDA) and poly-pyrrole (PPy) on the surface of the macro-porous sponge (MPS). The deposition of PDA was done using para toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA), the pH of the solution being used to control the thickness of the PDA

Gold (Au) nanoparticles decorated zinc ferrite/reduced graphene oxide (ZnFe2O4@rGO) ternary composite was successfully synthesized and applied for the degradation of bromophenol blue dye and rhodamine B. The as-synthesized Au/ZnFe2O4@rGO ternary composite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, UV–visible spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy. The photocatalyst showed 96% degradation of bromophenol

In this work, we report on the successful synthesis of α- and γ-iron oxide (hematite and maghemite, respectively) nanopowders using a simple sol–gel technique followed by dries in supercritical ethanol. Microstructural and morphological characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM). The iron oxide semiconducting materials

Despite the great importance of nanocomposites in biomedical applications, some attractive nanocomposites such astitania/zirconia/calcium silicate (TiO2/ZrO2/CaSiO3) have not been studied before. In this regard, this work aimed to prepare these nanocomposites using a high-energy ball mill. Then, their powders were sintered at 1250 °C and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, XRD technique and SEM

In this work, results on a new laser-induced mechanism of microstructures formation on the surface of borosilicate glass are presented. The samples are fabricated by melt quenching method and consist of 50% SiO2, 20% Al2O3, 20% B2O3, 5% CaO, 2% Li2O, 3% MgO (in wt.%). Irradiation at 266 nm delivered by Nd:YAG nanosecond system is used to modify the glass surface. It is found that this processing may

The high content of ferromagnetic phase content δ is crucial in establishing high performance of MnBi magnets, which is the potential alternative for NdFeB magnetic material in high-temperature applications. Because of the peritectic solidification, the ferromagnetic phase of as-cast MnBi alloys is low in content and always assisted with Mn and Bi phases, and therefore, δ enhancement must be done using

We reported the optoelectronic performance of organic/inorganic hybrid junction photodiode based on Eosin y/silicon (Si). For this purpose, we fabricated Eosin y/n-Si and Eosin y/p-Si structures and demonstrated that both devices exhibited strong photodiode characteristics to the increasing light power depending on current–voltage (I–V) measurements. Furthermore, the XRD and SEM analyses of Eosin y

In this paper, we have investigated the performance of a silicon-based low-doped drain (LDD) SOI-FinFET for the first time and compared it with conventional FinFET for implementation in logic circuits. It is well known that the use of the conventional LDD technology in the triple gate FinFETs reduces the electric field near the drain region and hot carrier effect at the cost of reduced current driving

This work reports the changes in the properties of Ag-doped SnS thin films (SnS:Ag), and CdS/SnS solar cells with an Ag dopant concentration in the absorber varied from 0 to 6 wt.% in steps of 3 wt.% prepared by the nebulizer-assisted spray pyrolysis method (NSP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirm the SnS:Ag (3 wt.%) thin film has a higher crystallite size than the undoped and SnS:Ag (6 wt.%)

In the present work, Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) was synthesized rapidly through microwave combustion. Subsequently, the synthesized YSZ was conventional sintered at different temperatures, ranging from 1200 to 1400 ºC at 50 °C intervals. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the synthesized YSZ belongs to the cubic phase. Further, the investigation of microstructures of sintered YSZ using

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the periodicity along three orthogonal axes of the blue wing scales of Morpho butterflies, whereas most of the previous studies modeled the scale structure only considering one or two photonic crystal dimensions. Moreover, the previous optical studies of these scales focused on the light reflected by the wing, whereas we investigate the light propagation

In this paper, the tunable Goos–Hänchen (GH) effect on a graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial slab has been investigated using the transfer matrix and finite element methods. It was shown that the excitation of the surface polaritons in the THz frequency region results in enhanced GH shift at the interface of the slab which can be controlled and tuned by changing the orientation of the optical axis

There is usually a tough trade-off between the mechanical property and the shielding performance in electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) materials, especially for those ultrathin and porous film-based devices. Herein, we report an ultrathin and flexible RGO/CNF@Ag–Fe3O4 (RGCF) porous film for EMI shielding application by a vacuum-assisted filtration method and a hydrazine-induced foaming process

In this paper, we have synthesized surface active ionic liquid (SAIL)-capped zinc sulfide (ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) with an average size of approximately 3.03 nm using a systematic and facile microwave-irradiation method in aqueous solution. The imidazolium-based SAIL, 1-dodecyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide was acted as a capping agent and was found to modulate the morphology and properties of ZnS QDs

The structural, optical and magnetic properties of nanorod structured polycrystalline Zn1−xMnxO3 films \(\left( {0 \le x \le 0.1} \right)\) grown on glass substrate using Sol–Gel technique have been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals average grain sizes from 15 to 25 nm. There was gradual increase in both the crystallite size and lattice constant with increase in Mn content up to

In this contribution, we present a plasma-based approach for modifying the focal length of plano-convex lenses realised by the deposition of droplets made of optical cement. For this purpose, PMMA and soda-lime glass substrates were treated with a direct dielectric barrier discharge plasma at low pressure. To obtain plasma-induced changes in surface energy of the substrates by the formation of functional

CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) electro ceramic was prepared by a solid-state reaction technique. The formation of CCTO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Pellets of calcined powder were sintered at different temperatures for two different durations, i.e., 2 and 10 h (h). The morphology and grain size of the samples were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed that the minor

This paper presents an analytical model for double-gate (DG) Heterojunction Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (H-TFET). The Poisson’s equation is solved to obtain the electrostatic potential solution which is used to drive the capacitance and drain current model. To include the impact of n-type impurity atoms in the channel region, Poisson’s equation considers the accumulation charges and ionized charges

In this study, the TiO2/p-Si and Gd:TiO2/p-Si heterojunctions were fabricated by sol–gel method. The UV–Vis spectroscopy was performed to evaluate optical characteristics of TiO2 and Gd:TiO2 thin films. It was observed that the optical band gap, transmittance, extinction coefficient and optical dielectric constants of TiO2 thin film were increased with Gd content. The electrical features of the heterojunction

The absorption efficiency of a conductive wire can be essentially increased in the broad microwave spectrum from 4 to 12 GHz by the appropriate choice of the radius and height of a wire. Such functional dependence ensures matching between the configuration and the incident field oriented by the wire axis even for relatively large values of the imaginary part of the dielectric constant of a wire. Theoretical

The objective of this work was to synthesize silver (Ag) decorated flower-like (FL) titania (TiO2) nanoparticles and incorporate them into epoxy. The motivation was to increase the matrix-filler interlocking by FL morphology, so that mechanical durability of the surface could be preserved while photocatalytic capability was introduced to the polymer. FLTiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal

This paper reports the effect of lead oxide (PbO) on the optical properties and radiation shielding efficiency of Sb2O3–Na2O–WO3–PbO glasses. The optical properties of the glasses were tested by estimating molar refraction (Rm), molar polarizability (αm), metallization principle (M), optical transmission (T), dielectric coefficients (static and optical), and reflection loss (RL). Additionally, the

Partially unzipped multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used as an active layer of the oxygen electrodes. The obtaining of partially unzipped carbon nanotubes was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. An investigation of the electrocatalytic characteristics of such oxygen electrodes was carried out in a fuel half-cell with an alkaline electrolyte. Electrochemical

This report addressed the impact of Cadmium (Cd) and Titanium (Ti) substitution on the structural, optical and dielectric properties of Zn0.94Cd0.06−xTixO (x = 0 and 0.03). Both the samples are synthesized using the sol–gel auto combustion method and their properties are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectroscopy and dielectric measurements. The structural

The present study focuses on the suitability of CdO thin films towards optoelectronic and spintronic devices through (Zn + Co) co-doping. Para to ferromagnetic transition mediated by oxygen vacancies takes place in the CdO:Zn thin films through Co doping which was acknowledged from the photoluminescence studies. Defect level peaks observed in the PL spectra at 411, 460 and 494 nm are associated with

This manuscript aims to investigate the structural, thermal, and dielectric properties of polyester/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposites. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dielectric measurements. The XRD patterns

Barium–strontium titanate (BST) ferroelectric thin film was fabricated on Ti substrates by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in an aqueous solution consisting of 0.6 mol/L Ba(OH)2·8H2O and 0.4 mol/L Sr(OH)2·8H2O. The phase composition, elements distribution, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the BST thin film were characterized. The results show that the BST film is mainly composed of BaxSr(1−x)TiO3

This paper focuses on the effect of Dy-substitution on the magnetic and structural behavior of Ce, Bi:YIG. In the current work, Fe2O3, Y2O3, CeO2 and Dy2O3 fine powders were mixed at a stoichiometric portion and annealed at various temperatures from 1000 to 1420 °C in the air condition for different cycle times from 27 to 33 h. The phase identification, morphological study and magnetic performance

Recently, accelerating advances in coding metasurfaces linking metamaterial and digital codes have enabled unexampled route for electromagnetic (EM) waves manipulation, including perfect reflection and transmission. In this paper, an anisotropic coding metasurface with a semi-discontinuous metallic ground sheet are proposed, which realizes dual independent functionalities by changing the polarization

Limpets are molluscs which have a conical shell that is well adapted to resist fracture by impact from projectiles such as rocks during storms. We hypothesised that the impact strength of the shell varies depending where the animal is located, reflecting the relative risk of high-energy impact. We quantified shell impact strength for the species Patella vulgata using a normalised energy. Limpets located

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles dispersed in the PVP matrix with varying concentrations of cadmium (Cd) ion complex have been synthesized through a low-cost chemical bath deposition technique to investigate the effects of cadmium ion concentration on its optical and photo-response characteristics. To confirm the formation of pure, stable, well dispersed, and highly crystalline spherical CdSe

With an approach towards generating a wearable skin hydration detecting system, simple, cheap, and flexible skin hydration sensing strategy was demonstrated here using an interdigitated electrode (IDE) coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Aluminium IDE with a 400 µm gap and 250 µm electrode sizes were fabricated using a photolithography method. Morphological characterizations were performed

DLC:Si and DLC:N (diamond-like carbons doped with Si or N) functional layers in different configurations are deposited on polyurethane (PU) for bioengineering applications using CCP (capacitively coupled plasma) discharge generated in the PE CVD (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show that the obtained single and multilayers are continuous

A series of Agx-substituted Co0.05−x Zn0.95O (x = 0.00–0.05) nanoparticles calcined at 700 °C have been synthesized using a simple co-precipitation technique. The prepared nanoparticles have been analyzed for their structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties using X-ray diffractometer, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and inductor capacitor

We studied by Raman spectroscopy the effect of the variation of the thickness of the HfO2 layer in Si/SiO2/HfO2/Graphene heterostructures on the density of carrier transferred to graphene. Three thicknesses of the HfO2 layer equal to 30, 20, and 5 nm were used. Analysis of the behavior of peaks G and 2D as well as the Raman intensity ratios ID/IG and I2D/IG shows that the density of carriers transferred

The combination of vertical and in-plane heterostructures will create unprecedented structures that may produce novel physical properties. In this study, the failure mechanism of a bilayer Gr/h-BN staggered stacked heterostructure (BGBN-SS) with different interlayer sp3 bonds, different interface connection, and various defects has been investigated. The results show that interlayer sp3 bonds and various

This study aims to improve the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide thin films by simultaneously doping with a higher oxidation state transition element and another element with localized plasmon resonance. To achieve this hypothesis, tungsten (W) and copper (Cu) were added to ZnO and the effects of W + Cu co-doping on the photocatalytic activity have been investigated. In addition, the influence

Ferrocene-based polypyrrole (PPyFc) composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon black (CB) have been prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization. The prepared PPyFc/MWCNT, PPyFc/RGO and PPyFc/CB composites have been characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS and TGA. Electrical conductivity of the PPyFc/MWCNT, PPyFc/RGO and PPyFc/CB composites

In this study, optical properties and nuclear protective efficiency of newly fabricated PbO–GeO2 glass samples (GP) fabricated with different concentration of TiO2 (0.2%, 0.5%, and 4%, in wt%) were investigated. PbO–GeO2 glass samples have been prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method. Using optical absorption spectra, band gap and optical properties of the PbO–GeO2 glass samples were evaluated