Perovskite being a wide bandgap material has shown profound impact as an active material for the use of top cell in the tandem solar cell. However, finding a suitable low-bandgap material for the bottom cell of the perovskite associated tandem solar cell has always been a concern for researchers. Over the last decade, several materials for designing of the bottom cell have been reported as a combination

2D layered material Bi2O2Se nanosheets, due to its high carrier mobility, near-ideal subthreshold swing, and high air-stability, which have shown great potential for applications in high-performance field-effect transistors and photodetector. Here, we have been successfully synthesized Bi2O2Se nanosheets via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The Bi2O2Se nanosheets were characterized by scanning

Single-phase samples of InCr1−xTixO3+x/2 with x = 3/4, 5/7 and 2/3 compositions were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method, and optical, dielectric and magnetic properties were explored for the first time. Crystal structure analysis showed a complete Cr3+/Ti4+ solubility, and the monoclinic crystal structure was successfully characterized. The optical bandgap was obtained by both Kubelka–Munk

We have studied a relatively overlooked subset of the MnO-doped zinc borosilicate glass system with a goal of investigating the effects of MnO-doping on the thermal stability of crystalline phase formation in the system. A glass system of general composition 55ZnO–20B2O3–25SiO2 with added MnO dopant, which replaces Zn modifier locations with Mn, ratios of 0, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.015 MnO:ZnO were prepared

In this work, the influences of carbon on structure, magnetic properties and Cr(VI) absorption efficiency of carbon-encapsulated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (MFO/C NPs) are studied. SEM images indicate that the fabricated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (MFO NPs) are enveloped by carbon layers, forming encapsulating structure. By the BET analysis, it is demonstrated that the average specific surface area of MFO/C

A phase field approach for phase transition between austenite to martensitic variants and twinning between martensitic variants is presented with the main focus on the effects of interfacial stress on phase transformations. In this theory, each variant-variant phase transformations and twinnings within each martensitic variant can be represented by only one-order parameter. Thus, it allows us to get

In this paper, the nanotube electrostatic plasma-based tunnel field-effect transistor (EP-NTTFET) has been proposed. The use of external bias on the side contacts of the source/drain region helps in the induction of charge carriers even with the use of the polysilicon electrode. The analog parameters are studied such as OFF-current, ON-current, ION/IOFF, sub-threshold slope, threshold voltage, transconductance

Polycrystalline samples of Yb1-xPrxCrO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were synthesized in the whole solubility range by auto-ignition high-temperature synthesis. TEM images revealed a particle size of about 20–25 nm in the solid solution for as-combustion powders. The crystal structure and the chemical state of the cations were characterized by a combination of X-ray diffraction method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Copper nanoparticles were fabricated and deposited on a glass substrate by spark discharge of copper electrode under different atmospheric conditions for SERS application. An interesting dependence of the deposition process and the formation of different particle structures on the deposition atmospheres were observed. Static air atmosphere ensured the deposition of the Cu particles on the glass surface

A cryogenic investigation of the Kink effect with drain-source bias sweeping process during output characteristics is suggested. An exhaustive study of the field effect dependence on the emission rate from hole traps in AlGaN/GaN HEMT transistors has been realized by means of current DLTS spectroscopy (I-DLTS). We have found that the Kink effect was induced by impact ionization of electron trapped

Passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) solar cell involves upgraded adaptation of technology over the existing silicon wafer-based aluminium back surface field (Al-BSF) solar cell. The lower efficiency of Al-BSF is caused by a few drawbacks e.g. higher rear surface recombination and weaker electric field at the rear surface. These technical shortcomings can be mitigated by incorporating field-effect

The photodegradation activity and stability of silver orthophosphate (Ag3PO4) photocatalysts have been greatly attributed to the morphology and exposed crystal facets. In this study, visible light-responsive Ag3PO4 photocatalysts with fern-like, multipod-like and tetrapod-like morphologies were successfully synthesized using a facile soft-chemical technique. The morphology-controlled synthesis was

Shape memory alloy (SMA) is a very important smart material, which has been widely used in many fields, especially in vibration. Phase transformation can be induced by changing temperature and its stiffness changes accordingly. In this paper, the primary resonance vibration of a one-dimensional SMA oscillator is analyzed using the harmonic balance (HB) method. The amplitude-frequency curves of the

Both zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are known for its attractive optical properties in their nano form. Here, ZnO-rGO nanocomposites and rGO were prepared via simple and reproducible hydrothermal as well as modified Hummer’s method. Microstructural identification of phase formation and dispersion of ZnO on rGO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy

An experimental realization of a magnetic Fano-like resonance-based cylindrical cloaking scheme in the microwave frequency regime is presented in this paper. Fano-like resonance is excited by the coupling between the background electric dipole mode and the dark magnetic resonant mode in the composite. The excitation of Fano interference patterns significantly reduces scattering from the composite at

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and semiconducting metal oxide nanohybrids is an emerging class of attractive candidates towards many optical and optoelectronic applications. Herein, we investigated the nonlinear optical properties of rGO/α-MoO3 nanohybrids through open aperture z scan technique under nanosecond pulses at 532 nm excitation which shows the two-photon absorption (2PA) behavior. We found

Huge attention has been shifted to thermoelectric properties of half-Heusler compounds because of the ability of these compounds to convert heat into electricity. The calculations of thermoelectric properties of these compounds are necessitated by the search for alternatives to fossil fuel. This report presents ab initio calculations of electronic and thermoelectric properties of the most stable phase

This paper presents the structural, morphological, optical and electrical evolution of Ca-doped CdS thin films. Non-doped and Ca-doped CdS samples with various amounts of Ca atoms (from 0 to 10 at.% with an increasing step of 2 at.%) were grown by spray pyrolysis route on glass slides. The structural investigation by X-ray diffraction showed that Ca-doping distorted CdS structure until 8 at.% Ca-doping

Ag-doped ZnO thin films are prepared by the cost-effective sol–gel dip-coating method at room temperature. The Ag dopant percentage varies between (2–10) wt%. The magnetic and dielectric properties have been studied. The dielectric and magnetic properties of ZnO are significantly tailored by the increase in the Ag doping percentage. High dielectric constant and tangent loss have been observed at low

In this study, Ag/AgCl photocatalysts were prepared by using chloride ionic liquid (IL) as a chlorine source. The structure, composition, morphology, light response ability and surface properties of IL-AgCl were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectra, specific surface area and surface

Mixed-organic-cation perovskite absorbers as formamidinium doped methylammonium tin iodine \((\text {NH}_2\text {CH})_{1-{x}}(\text {CH}_3\text {NH}_3)_x\text {SnI}_3\) (\(x\le 1\)) can provide a pathway to highly efficient lead-free solar cells. Although this class of materials is known to be severely susceptible to degradation, induced among others by enhanced temperatures, humidity and illumination

Nanoparticles of spinel ferrite Li0.5–0.5xMnxFe2.5–0.5xO4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) were prepared by sol–gel autocombustion technique. The crystalline phase formation, morphology, cation distribution, and magnetic properties of Li0.5–0.5xMnxFe2.5–0.5xO4 nanoferrite samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and vibrating

Layer-structured LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, and dopants) is widely used as a cathode material for Li-ion secondary batteries. Ni-based LiMO2 is advantageous with respect to energy capacity and material cost compared to conventional LiCoO2, but its structural and thermal stabilities decrease with increases in Ni content. As a countermeasure for these decreases, the three-component design of M comprising

In this work, undoped and lanthanum doped cupric oxide (CuO:La) nanorods structured thin films were deposited at different concentrations (CLO) on p-type silicon substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique at 350 °C. XRD, AFM, SEM, and EDX techniques were used to investigate the structural, morphological, and compositional analysis, respectively. A decrease in crystallite size was observed from

In this study, the hydrophilic silk thread was changed to a hydrophobic surface by a compact cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) using Ar/C6H14 mixture as the working precursor. To test the hydrophobicity of the treated samples, water repellent examinations were performed and the static water contact angle of 139.62° was obtained. The durability of hydrophobicity was investigated using washing cycles and

Molluscan shells are an example of a mineral-based biocomposite material, and most studies to date have focused on understanding their biomineralization mechanisms. Meanwhile, large amounts of these shells are produced as waste globally by seafood which is used by other industries as a source of biogenic calcium carbonates. In this study, we propose a simple methodological approach for isolation of

With the purpose of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of titania (TiO2) coatings with low cost, a method of sulfuric-acid-bath pretreatment followed by simple oxidation in air has been proposed to fabricate TiO2 coatings. The effect of oxidation temperature on the crystal structure, surface morphologies and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coatings was investigated, to figure out the suitable oxidation

Multiferroic nanoparticles of manganese doped bismuth ferrite with the chemical formula, Bi1-xMnxFeO3, with x values of 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1, were synthesized by sol–gel autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld structural refinements were performed on the samples to ensure the formation of rhombohedrally distorted perovskite phase for all the samples. Dielectric measurements

The presented article concerns the comparison between two different zinc-oxide structures - bulk crystals and polycrystalline thin films. Bulk crystals were grown by a Bridgman method. For thin-film production, a sol-gel spin-coated method was chosen. A part of thin layers samples was annealed in 600 \(^{o}\)C to induce recrystallization. The morphological and structural properties of all samples were

Sol–gel-assisted spin coating technique has been employed to deposit Ce-doped cadmium oxide films (CdO) thin films on a glass substrate. Structural analysis carried out by XRD revealed that the films are polycrystalline and crystallize in a cubic structure. The preferential directions for the CdO growth are (2 0 0), and (2 1 0) and doping of Ce ions inhibits the growth. In addition to XRD, Raman analysis

Plant flower stems covered with three-dimensional (3D) wax prevent access of ants that rob flower nectar and do not contribute to the plant cross pollination. This phenomenon, called greasy pole syndrome, is caused by the ant’s failure to gain a foothold on slippery waxy stems due to dislodged wax particles. The aim of this study was to analyze frictional properties of 3D wax projections specific to

Abstract This study presents the integration of UV-active semiconductor with plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles for enhanced solar energy photocatalysis. Nanocubes strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process. Then palladium (Pd) nanoparticles will be deposited onto the surface of SrTiO3 by simple photochemical deposition route. The deposition of plasmonic Pd nanoparticles

Dielectric properties and capacitance–voltage of GO/TiO2/n-Si junction were investigated in frequency range 10–2 × 107 Hz and temperature (233–363 K). Reliance of \(\varepsilon^{\prime}\), \(\varepsilon^{\prime\prime}\), tanδ, Mʹ, Mʺ, impedance, and ac conductivity on frequency and temperature were studied. From results, it is found that \(\varepsilon^{\prime}\) increases with increasing frequency

In this research, the effect of zinc doping on physical properties of Sb2S3 thin films grown by the sol–gel dip-coating method, on the glass substrates was investigated. XRD patterns indicated that the Znx(Sb2S3)1-x (x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) thin films have orthorhombic crystalline structure while the intensity of the peaks decreased with increasing Zn contamination. The FESEM images demonstrated

Pristine ZnO, Cu2+:ZnO, Ce3+:ZnO and Cu2+, Ce3+:ZnO nanopowders with different doping concentrations (0, 0.31, 0.62, 0.93 and 1.24% of dopant) were synthesized by sol–gel technique with low sintering temperature of 600 °C. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED),

The effect of Co and Mn co-doping and annealing on electronic structure and magnetic properties of nanoscale SnO2 were investigated using complementary experimental techniques. The high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image showed spherical-like morphology and signalled the nanoscale regime of investigated samples. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated

The BiVO4/BiOIO3 composite photocatalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The fluorocarbon resin was modified by the addition of a composite photocatalyst. The results showed that under simulated sunlight, the composite coating with the best performance had a sterilization rate of 90.5%. The EIS and photocurrent measurements indicated that due to the heterostructure that formed and the electric

In this paper, we have investigated the structural, elastic, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of chalcopyrite B2BiN using the first-principles calculations via the density functional theory (DFT) implemented in wien2k code. We negative the energy formation founded indicates the stability of these alloys in ambient conditions. The obtained results predict that the studied system shows a brittle

In this investigation, we have used the thermal treatment method for the preparation of nickel and manganese ferrite nanoparticles. All the samples were calcined at different temperatures from 420 to 570 °C. The results of XRD demonstrated the variation of average nanocrystallite size as a function of calcination temperature. Mossbauer spectra of calcined NiFe2O4 nanoparticles at 570 °C exhibit two

Semiconductor photocatalyst as a new type of green and sustainable energy material has extensively used in wastewater and gas treatment. In this work, we prepared Pt/h-BN/BiOBr composite by an alcohol-soluble hydrolysis-assisted photoreduction method. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of bisphenol A under simulated sunlight, and the degradation efficiency of BiOBr, h-BN/BiOBr

Deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology is one of the most important technologies in the processing of microelectronic devices and microelectromechanical system. As a necessary process in semiconductor integration, it has been widely studied in the past decades. It is known that the traditional DRIE process typically uses a plasma etching reactor equipped with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources

Porous SiC (PSC) was successfully synthesized via UV-assisted pulsed current anodic etching of hexagonal n-type silicon carbide (6H–SiC) substrate using different etching times. The micromorphological and structural characterizations of PSC were reported. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results established that the etching time can be considered as a significant etching parameter

The study of the valence state, local environment structure and magnetic properties of novel type CuCr0.99Ln0.01S2 (Ln = La, Ce) solid solutions was carried out using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, finite difference method simulations and static magnetic susceptibility measurements. The good agreement between experimental and calculated data indicates that cationic substitution does not lead to significant

The gamma-ray shielding parameters for ternary lithium borotellurite systems have been reported using Geant4 code. We simulated the mass attenuation coefficients using Geanr4 code between 284 keV and 1.33 MeV. We checked the accuracy of the simulated results by using XCOM software. The Geant4 and XCOM results showed a reasonable agreement. The maximum linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values were

L8 (27) orthogonal test table is applied to design eight kinds of flux, and arranged with SiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 as three factors. The microstructure, morphology and mechanical properties of low carbon bainitic steels are investigated by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, tensile testing machine and instrumented drop weight impact tester with oscilloscope

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of femtosecond laser-induced modifications on the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics between Ni electrodes deposited on laser-irradiated areas on n-type 4H–SiC crystals. We investigated the I–V characteristics and their changes from low-temperature annealing at 400 °C or 500 °C. The I–V characteristics were not the typical Schottky

Effects of incorporating (SbS) in the quaternary (CdTe)100-x(SbS)x (x = 0, 8, 16, 20 and 28 at. %) glasses on different physico-chemical properties were investigated using the chemical bond approach. In addition to the estimation of the coordination number, constraint number (Ns), heat of atomization (Hs), cohesive energy and lone pair electrons, one presents theoretically the band gap estimation as

The new solid solution system of (1 − x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 + xBi(Ti1/2Co1/2)O3 materials was fabricated using the sol–gel method. The structural studies via X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering indicated that Bi(Ti1/2Co1/2)O3 materials were well dissolved into host Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 materials to follow the rhombohedral structure of host materials. The diffuse cations of Bi(Ti1/2Co1/2)O3 to random incorporation

In this work, a single crystal of 4H–SiC was subjected to phosphorus irradiation at 100 keV with four different fluences at room temperature (RT) and post-irradiation annealing treatments at temperature range from 200 to 600 °C. The measured effective refractive index reflected that the disorder increased with the increasing fluences and partially recovered after our annealing treatments. Rutherford

In fission reactors, neutron radiation is the main reason for the displacement of atoms in the crystalline lattice of the material. In this study, this damage is investigated on the fuel clad of the Bushehr reactor, which is Zr + 1%Nb. The MCNPX code is used to simulate the core of the reactor and find the highest neutron flux in the core of the reactor. Both the SRIM and SPECTER codes are used to

Powders of silver (Ag2HgI4) and copper (Cu2HgI4) tetraiodomercurates were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. Their phase transition behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as diffuse reflectance to determine its reversibility and stability during heating–cooling cycles. Calorimetry showed a sharp transition at 51 °C when heating

In the present work, Sr-doped ZnO (SZO) thin films were grown on heated glass substrates (250 °C) by the ultrasonic spray technique. The effect of strontium concentration on the structural and physical characteristics was studied. The molar ratio of strontium in the ultrasonically sprayed solution was varied from 0 to 5 at.%. Several characterization techniques have been investigated to analyze the

The NiCo2O4 ternary transition metal oxide (NCO) has been received a great interest as anode material for sodium-ion batteries, recently. Here we show that a composite material composed of NCO nanoparticles (NCO-NPs) and amorphous carbon (NCO/C composite) displayed a superior electrochemical performance over the NCO-NPs. The NCO-NPs delivered a capacity of 172 mAh g−1 at the current density of 50 mA g−1

In this paper, the V2O5/Ge8Sb92 multilayer thin films were prepared and investigated. Compared with Ge8Sb92, V2O5/Ge8Sb92 film had a higher crystallization temperature and a larger conductivity activation energy. The surface roughness for V2O5/Ge8Sb92 film was small before and after crystallization. The crystallization of V2O5/Ge8Sb92 was inhibited and the grain size was only 5.0 nm. A higher stability

In this study, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using the extract of Opuntia ficus-Indica and Geranium as a reducing agent. By transmission electron microscopy, the morphology of the nanoparticles was determined to be mostly spherical, with a particle size about 3–10 nm. The UV–Vis spectra displayed absorption bands between 525 and 550 nm, associated with the surface plasmon resonance

Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were grown on glass substrates by a simplified spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer at different substrate temperatures which is the novelty of this work. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the cubic crystalline phase pure NiO film with preferential orientation along (2 0 0) plane. Thermal treatment of NiO thin films at 400 °C enables us to identify a suitable

Transparent conductive tin-doped indium oxide (In2O3:Sn, ITO) thin films have been deposited onto glass substrate at different substrate temperatures by a simple and inexpensive method of air pressure chemical vapor deposition. The structural characteristics, and optical, electrical, and self-cleaning properties of the ITO thin films were investigated. It is clear that all films have a polycrystalline

Au–Cu bimetallic nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention in the field of catalysis, water splitting, biosensor and biotherapy. Au3Cu nanocrystals with a definite stoichiometric ratio and ordered arrangement of atoms have shown great potential for efficient catalyts. Herein, we reported a new method for fabrication of Au3Cu nanocrystals. Their morphologies can be tuned by the amount of hydrochloric

The effect of temperature and strain rates on microstructure development of a typical polycrystalline CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy was conducted in the molecular dynamics study. Four typical temperatures of 77 K, 300 K, 700 K and 1100 K were selected. The results revealed that the peak stress and the flow stress decreased with the increases in formation temperatures, while the extent of twinning was

This work addresses the role of excess Al and deposition rate in reducing the doping efficiency of Al+3 cations in Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films. In this regard, AZO films were deposited on the soda lime glass substrates using co-sputtering from ceramic AZO/ZnO and metallic Al targets. Whereas power to ZnO/AZO target was kept constant, power to Al target was varied to see the effect of varying Al concentration