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Identification and dynamic monitoring of electrospinning jet assisted by coaxial laser Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jiaxin Jiang, Zhengtao Sun, Zheyu Shi, Huatan Chen, Xiang Wang, Gaofeng Zheng, Ruifang Ye, Wenwang Li
The accurate and rapid detection and recognition of jet features are key to dynamic monitoring and online control of the electrospinning process. In this study, a real-time recognition system based on OpenCV was introduced into a coaxial laser-assisted electrospinning system to solve the difficulties of accurate jet recognition and to promote an image processing algorithm response. The jet images with
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Remarkable undercooling capability and metastable thermophysical properties of liquid Nb84.1Si15.9 alloy revealed by electrostatic levitation in outer space Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 J. Chang, H. P. Wang, H. Liao, D. N. Liu, C. H. Zheng, Q. Wang, M. X. Li, D. D. Zuo, B. Wei
The stable manipulation, high undercooling, and thermophysical property measurement of the liquid Nb84.1Si15.9 refractory alloy were successfully achieved by the electrostatic levitation technique on board the China Space Station. By controlling the superheating temperature, a maximum liquid undercooling up to 421 K (0.18 TL) was obtained in the space environment, and two distinct solidification paths
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A novel digital intermediate frequency module for hyperspectral microwave radiometers based on the parallel fast Fourier transform algorithm Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Xun Gong, Ling Tong, Bo Gao, Peicheng Wang, Xinyi Gao
Microwave radiometers, possessing all-day and all-weather operational capabilities, are extensively utilized in the exploration of planetary atmospheres and surfaces. The potential of the hyperspectral detection technology to enhance the precision and resolution of microwave radiometer detection has made it a crucial research focus. This paper introduces an intermediate frequency (IF) module for hyperspectral
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Infrared thermal imaging camera to measure low temperature thermal fields Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 E. Gordiyenko, Yu Fomenko, G. Shustakova, G. Kovalov, S. Shevchenko
To measure low-temperature thermal fields, we have developed a single-element cooled thermal imaging camera for a spectral range of 8–14 μm with an internal shutter for radiometric calibration. To improve the accuracy of measuring the temperature of cold objects, we used a shutter with a combined emissivity as an internal reference source of radiation at the input of the device optical unit. With this
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A continuous ultra-narrow impulse synchronizer using a monolithic field programmable gate array for fast deployment and scalability Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Yuli Ye, Xiongjie Zhang, Shuai Ma, Peng Li, Dexin Xiao, Kui Zhou, Xinfan Yang, Ming Li, Dai Wu, Feng Li, Ge Jin, Ziru Sang
Ultra-narrow pulses serve as critical components in numerous applications. These pulses have ultra-fast leading edges that typically function as precision trigger signals to synchronize various instruments. Ultra-narrow pulses inherently exhibit an ultra-wide bandwidth, gaining significant attention in diverse electronic systems encompassing communications, radar imaging, electronic warfare, and others
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Detection of doxycycline by using a tapered droplet structure fiber sensor Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Zhitao Yang, Shan Wang, Shijie Wang, Sijia Han, Lingzui Wei, Wenlong Yang
The abuse of doxycycline (DC) can lead to residues in animals and water environments, which severely threaten human health; however, currently accepted detection methods are generally complicated and cannot be used for real-time detection. Therefore, developing a method for rapid real-time detection of DC microcontent residues is highly important. Herein, based on the Mach–Zehnder interference, we
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Ion trap with in-vacuum high numerical aperture imaging for a dual-species modular quantum computer Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Allison L. Carter, Jameson O’Reilly, George Toh, Sagnik Saha, Mikhail Shalaev, Isabella Goetting, Christopher Monroe
Photonic interconnects between quantum systems will play a central role in both scalable quantum computing and quantum networking. Entanglement of remote qubits via photons has been demonstrated in many platforms; however, improving the rate of entanglement generation will be instrumental for integrating photonic links into modular quantum computers. We present an ion trap system that has the highest
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Low divergence cold-wall oven for loading ion traps Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Anand Prakash, Akhil Ayyadevara, E. Krishnakumar, S. A. Rangwala
We present a compact cold-wall oven that is simple to build and align for loading miniature ion traps with calcium ions. The cold-wall oven, which is a metal-loaded capillary heated only through a portion of its length by the passage of a current, is described and characterized. An atomic beam with a low divergence of 14 mrad is produced. We perform Doppler-sensitive, resonant fluorescence measurements
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Closed-cycle noble gas recycling system for high-repetition rate high-harmonic generation Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 J.-H. Oelmann, L. Guth, T. Heldt, N. Griesbach, R. Hector, N. Lackmann, J. Nauta, T. Pfeifer, J. R. Crespo López-Urrutia
We present a compact closed-loop recycling system for noble and inert gases. It has been developed for an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb based on high-harmonic generation at 100 MHz repetition rate. The system collects gas injected at several bars of backing pressure through a micrometer-sized nozzle into the laser-interaction region with a differential pumping system comprising turbomolecular
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Single-shot fast cinematic imaging during merging process of multiple electron filaments in electrostatic potential well Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 T. Okada, H. Himura, Y. Nakajima, A. Sanpei
For the first time, details of the spatial and temporal acceptable evolution of the merging process of co-rotating electron vortices in a potential well are successfully captured using a “single-shot method” with a high temporal resolution of 10 µs. Four-electron filaments are trapped inside the Beam eXperiment-Upgrade linear trap [H. Himura, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 811, 100 (2016)] with
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Optical-pump–terahertz-probe spectroscopy in high magnetic fields with kHz single-shot detection Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Blake S. Dastrup, Peter R. Miedaner, Zhuquan Zhang, Keith A. Nelson
We demonstrate optical pump–THz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy with a variable external magnetic field (0–9 T), in which the time-dependent THz signal is measured by echelon-based single-shot detection at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The method reduces data acquisition times by more than an order of magnitude compared to conventional electro-optic sampling using a scanning delay stage. The approach illustrates
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A linear cross-coupled gate-driven quasi-floating bulk low-power wide input range transconductor Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Kulbhushan Sharma, Ashish Sachdeva
High linearity for a wider input voltage range and low-power operation of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) are indispensable parameters for health care applications, which require high quality and accurate signal conditioning. However, achieving low-power operation along with high linearity at low supply voltages is challenging for OTA using conventional low-power and linearization
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Design and construction of a refrigerator-cooled adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacity measurement in liquid helium temperature region Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Ji-Peng Luo, Nan Yin, Jia-Bao Lu, Zhi-Cheng Tan, Quan Shi
Heat capacity is a fundamental thermodynamic property of a substance. Although heat capacity values and related thermodynamic functions are available for many materials, low-temperature heat capacity measurements, especially for novel materials, can still provide valuable insights for research in physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and other fields. Reliable low-temperature heat capacity data are typically
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Hollow microsphere probes formed by hollow core optical fiber discharging for monitoring gas pressure and temperature Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Tingshui Cao, Chao Jiang, Ting Fang, Xiaoshan Guo, Simei Sun, Guozhou Jiang, Yukun Shu, Huiling Huang
A hollow core fiber (HCF) is spliced with a single-mode fiber, and then, the end face of the HCF is etched to form a microsphere interferometer for measuring gas pressure and environmental temperature. The total length of each microsphere is less than 200 μm. We fabricated two such structures and used femtosecond laser pulses to drill micro-holes on the HCF walls of both structures. One of the structures
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Research on aircraft skin rivet detection technology based on the normal vector-density clustering algorithm Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Lulu Huang, Xiang Huang
Riveting quality is crucial to an aircraft’s overall aerodynamic performance and fatigue life. In order to effectively extract the point cloud of rivet heads and analyze the quality of riveting, this paper proposes a rivet flushness detection method based on the normal vector-density clustering algorithm. First, initial point cloud data sampling is based on normal vectors. Then, the density clustering
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Shape reconstruction of axisymmetric Taylor bubbles using conductivity probes through a scheme of combined experiment and theory Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Souvik Mandal, Prasanta Kumar Das, Karabi Biswas
A simple measurement scheme is proposed to reconstruct the geometry of an axisymmetric void propagating through a conducting liquid using a pair of parallel wire conductivity probes. An experimental study allows for obtaining the time variation of the resistance of the film surrounding the void. Analytical modeling and numerical simulation has been adopted to correlate the resistance between the wire
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Sinusoidal transmission grating spectrometer for extreme ultraviolet measurement Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 N. Kliss, J. Wengrowicz, J. Papeer, Y. Mazuz-Herpaz, E. Porat, A. Zigler, Y. Frank
Spectral measurements play a vital role in understanding laser–plasma interactions. The ability to accurately measure the spectrum of radiation sources is crucial for unraveling the underlying physics. In this article, we introduce a novel approach that significantly enhances the efficiency of binary sinusoidal transmission grating spectrometers . The grating was tailored especially for Extreme Ultraviolet
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Tuning methods for multigap drift tube linacs Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 O. Shelbaya, R. Baartman, P. Braun, P. M. Jung, O. Kester, T. Planche, H. Podlech, S. D. Rädel
Multigap cavities are used extensively in linear accelerators to achieve velocities up to a few percent of the speed of light, driving nuclear physics research around the world. Unlike for single-gap structures, there is no closed-form expression to calculate the output beam parameters from the cavity voltage and phase. To overcome this, we propose to use a method based on the integration of the first
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Controlling crystal cleavage in focused ion beam shaped specimens for surface spectroscopy Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 A. Hunter, C. Putzke, I. Gaponenko, A. Tamai, F. Baumberger, P. J. W. Moll
Our understanding of quantum materials is commonly based on precise determinations of their electronic spectrum by spectroscopic means, most notably angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy. Both require atomically clean and flat crystal surfaces, which are traditionally prepared by in situ mechanical cleaving in ultrahigh vacuum chambers. We present a new
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Laser temperature programmed desorption: A flexible technique to study ion-surface interaction Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 M. Minissale, A. Dunand, P. Hiret, J.-B. Faure, C. Grisolia, T. Angot, L. Gallais, R. Bisson
Understanding the physical–chemical processes ruling the interaction of particles (atoms, molecules, and ions) with surfaces is fundamental in several research fields, such as heterogeneous catalysis, astrochemistry, and nuclear fusion. In particular, the interaction of hydrogen isotopes with plasma facing materials represents a high-priority research task in the fusion community. Such studies are
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Portable Thomson scattering system for temporally resolved plasma measurements under low density conditions Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 N. Yamamoto, A. P. Yalin
We present the development of a portable Thomson scattering diagnostic system allowing simultaneous spatially and temporally resolved plasma property measurements for low density plasmas. The setup uses a compact pulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) as the light source with suppression by two volume Bragg grating notch filters and dispersion with a single-stage spectrometer before measurement with an intensified
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Python Red Pitaya Lockbox (PyRPL): An open source software package for digital feedback control in quantum optics experiments Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Leonhard Neuhaus, Michaël Croquette, Rémi Metzdorff, Sheon Chua, Pierre-Edouard Jacquet, Alexandre Journeaux, Antoine Heidmann, Tristan Briant, Thibaut Jacqmin, Pierre-François Cohadon, Samuel Deléglise
We present the Python Red Pitaya Lockbox (PyRPL), an open source software package that allows the implementation of automatic digital feedback controllers for quantum optics experiments on commercially available, affordable Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) boards. Our software implements the digital generation of various types of error signals, from an analog input through the application of loop
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Calibration of MAJIS (Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer). III. Spectral calibration Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Paolo Haffoud, François Poulet, Mathieu Vincendon, Gianrico Filacchione, Alessandra Barbis, Pierre Guiot, Benoit Lecomte, Yves Langevin, Giuseppe Piccioni, Cydalise Dumesnil, Sébastien Rodriguez, John Carter, Stefani Stefania, Leonardo Tommasi, Federico Tosi, Cédric Pilorget
The Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (MAJIS) is the visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer onboard the European Space Agency (ESA)’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer mission. Before its integration into the spacecraft, the instrument undergoes an extensive ground calibration to establish its baseline performances. This process prepares the imaging spectrometer for flight operations by characterizing
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Low-noise cryogenic microwave amplifier characterization with a calibrated noise source Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 M. Malnou, T. F. Q. Larson, J. D. Teufel, F. Lecocq, J. Aumentado
Parametric amplifiers have become a workhorse in superconducting quantum computing; however, research and development of these devices has been hampered by inconsistent and, sometimes, misleading noise performance characterization methodologies. The concepts behind noise characterization are deceptively simple, and there are many places where one can make mistakes, either in measurement or in interpretation
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Thermally stable Peltier controlled vacuum chamber for electrical transport measurements Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 S. F. Poole, O. J. Amin, A. Solomon, L. X. Barton, R. P. Campion, K. W. Edmonds, P. Wadley
The design, manufacture, and characterization of an inexpensive, temperature-controlled vacuum chamber with millikelvin stability for electrical transport measurements at and near room temperature is reported. A commercially available Peltier device and a high-precision temperature controller are used to actively heat and cool the sample space. The system was designed to minimize thermal fluctuations
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Evaluation of silicon and indium gallium arsenide photodiodes as direct timing detectors for pulsed x-ray systems Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Cameron B. Brown, Dennis K. Remelius, Laura B. Smilowitz
Benchtop pulsed x-ray systems are commonly used to record dynamic material data on the order of nanoseconds, but pulse timing is often difficult to accurately determine. This study demonstrates that commercially available photodiodes can be used effectively for direct x-ray pulse detection without the need for visible light scintillators. X-ray pulses from four commercially available flash x-ray systems
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Design and development of a horizontal contact separated (HCS) test setup for measuring the performance of triboelectric nanogenerator for sustainable energy harvesting applications Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Shailendra Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Jha, Prashant Sharma, Ankur Goswami
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can play a pivotal role in harnessing non-utilized reciprocating motion and convert it into electrical energy that can later be stored in a battery or capacitor to power various Internet of Things-based smart electronic and wearable devices. Herein, we designed a cost-effective instrumental test bed focused on investigating the output performance of a horizontal
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Implementation of a laser–neutron pump–probe capability for inelastic neutron scattering Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 C. Hua, D. A. Tennant, A. T. Savici, V. Sedov, G. Sala, B. Winn
Knowledge about nonequilibrium dynamics in spin systems is of great importance to both fundamental science and technological applications. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is an indispensable tool to study spin excitations in complex magnetic materials. However, conventional INS spectrometers currently only perform steady-state measurements and probe averaged properties over many collision events
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In situ cell for grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction on thin films in thermal catalysis Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Lukas Thum, Manuela Arztmann, Ivo Zizak, René Grüneberger, Alexander Steigert, Nico Grimm, Dirk Wallacher, Rutger Schlatmann, Daniel Amkreutz, Albert Gili
A cell for synchrotron-based grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction at ambient pressures and moderate temperatures in a controlled gas atmosphere is presented. The cell is suited for the in situ study of thin film samples under catalytically relevant conditions. To some extent, in addition to diffraction, the cell can be simultaneously applied for x-ray reflectometry and fluorescence studies. Different
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Micro-kelvin temperature-stable system for biocalorimetry applications Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Kanishka Panda, Rohith Mittapally, Pramod Reddy, Swathi Yadlapalli, Edgar Meyhofer
Achieving micro-kelvin (µK) temperature stability is critical for many calorimetric applications. For example, sub-nanowatt resolution biocalorimetry requires stabilization of the temperature of the calorimeter to µK levels. Here, we describe how µK temperature stability can be accomplished in a prototypical calorimetric system consisting of two nested shields and a suspended capillary tube, which
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Experimental measurement of a multi-pole magnetorheological fluid clutch under air cooling Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Jie Wu, Yuhang Liu, Hongyang Xie
Thermal characteristics have a profound effect on the allowable slip power and torque transmission stability of magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices. This paper investigates the thermal properties of a multi-pole MR clutch under different heat dissipation methods. First, the structure of the clutch is described, and heat generation and heat dissipation of the designed clutch are studied theoretically
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Analysis of heat flow in modified transient plane source (MTPS) measurements of the thermal effusivity and thermal conductivity of materials Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Sooyeon Yeon, David G. Cahill
An iterative algorithm for the diffusion of heat in layered structures is solved in cylindrical coordinates for the geometry used in measurements of thermophysical properties of materials by the modified transient plane source (MTPS) method. This solution for the frequency-domain temperature response is then used to model the transient temperature excursion and evaluate the accuracy of the measurements
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Advances in high-pressure laser floating zone growth: The Laser Optical Kristallmacher II (LOKII) Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Steven J. Gomez Alvarado, Eli Zoghlin, Azzedin Jackson, Linus Kautzsch, Jayden Plumb, Michael Aling, Andrea N. Capa Salinas, Ganesh Pokharel, Yiming Pang, Reina M. Gomez, Samantha Daly, Stephen D. Wilson
The optical floating zone crystal growth technique is a well-established method for obtaining large, high-purity single crystals. While the floating zone method has been constantly evolving for over six decades, the development of high-pressure (up to 1000 bar) growth systems has only recently been realized via the combination of laser-based heating sources with an all-metal chamber. While our inaugural
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Miniaturized time-correlated single-photon counting module for time-of-flight non-line-of-sight imaging applications Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Jie Wu, Chao Yu, Jian-Wei Zeng, Chen Dai, Feihu Xu, Jun Zhang
Single-photon time-of-flight (TOF) non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging enables the high-resolution reconstruction of objects outside the field of view. The compactness of TOF NLOS imaging systems, entailing the miniaturization of key components within such systems, is crucial for practical applications. Here, we present a miniaturized four-channel time-correlated single-photon counting module dedicated
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Realization of a composite ferroelectric characterization test system using a modified constant current method and a modified virtual ground method Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Ding-Yeong Wang
A composite ferroelectric characterization test system constructed using a modified constant current method (CCM) and a modified virtual ground method (VGM) has been successfully designed and implemented. By sending instructions to the microcontroller through software, the system’s test mode can be easily changed by arranging the switching status of six switching elements. When validating the system
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The industrial robot reducer testing instrument dynamic torsional moment measurement error calibration, based on the Bisquare curve fitting–improved Bayes particle swarm optimization–nonlinear echo state network (BCF–IBPSO–NESN) method Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Zhen Yu, Yuan Zhang, Xiaomin Liu, Qi An, Shuangfu Suo
Industrial robots are important components in the production and manufacturing industry. As a core component of the industrial robot, the industrial robot reducer plays a crucial role in the performance of the entire industrial robot. The error analysis and accuracy traceability of the industrial robot reducer testing instrument are of great significance in improving the quality of the precision reducer
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Fabrication and characterization of smart titanium alloy bolt based on high-frequency piezoelectric thin-film Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Min Zhang, Shuang Liu, Huan Zhan, Zhongrui Sun, Wenping Qiu, Guanpin Ren, Ru Li, Xingjun Xiang, Hai Wang
We reported here on the fabrication and characterization of a smart titanium alloy bolt based on a high-frequency piezoelectric thin-film sensor. The thin-film sensor was directly deposited on a titanium alloy bolt head with radio frequency magnetron sputtering and characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. The ultrasonic characteristics of the smart bolt, which
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Experimental study on the an-isotropic critical current of REBCO tape Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Hongjun Ma, Jingfeng Zhang, Shuqing Zhang, Xintao Zhang, Huajun Liu, Fang Liu, Yi Shi, Huan Jin
Superconducting magnets are widely used in nuclear fusion reactors, high-energy particle accelerators, steady-state high magnetic fields, etc. Higher magnetic fields and higher operating temperatures are two application trends. High temperature superconducting (HTS) materials are the only choice for high temperature and high field magnets in the future. The first- and second-generation HTS materials
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MBA-DNet: A mask block attention-based foreign matter detection network for tobacco packages Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Xiaobin Wang, Feixiang Shen, Chengjun Chen, Qiang Zhang
Foreign matter, such as varia and mildew in the cutaway view of tobacco packages, can be detected using machine vision detection technology. However, mainstream object detection algorithms have poor detection ability for small targets when applied to foreign matter detection in the cutaway view of tobacco packages. To solve this problem, this study proposes Mask Block Attention (MBA) and introduces
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Laser diode driver on a programmable system on a chip Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Milena Micic, Petar Atanasijevic, Pedja Mihailovic
A comprehensive solution of a laser diode (LD) driver with temperature control using a programmable system on a chip is proposed as an alternative to dedicated devices. A digital proportional integral differential controller is used for regulating the LD temperature. The light–current characteristics and frequency response of the LD are measured using an external photodiode and interrogated by an integrated
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On-line monitoring of membrane fouling based on an improved electrical measurement method Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Li Bo, Wang Jianming, Wang Qi, Zhang Ronghua
On-line monitoring of membrane fouling is essential in the water treatment process. Drawbacks such as low-sensitivity and off-line limitations limit the application of existing methods. An on-line monitoring method based on Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) sensors is put forward in this paper. The Particle Swarm Optimization with Simulated Annealing (PSO-SA) algorithm is used in optimizing the
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Spatiotemporal dispersion compensation for a 200-THz noncollinear optical parametric amplifier Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 William P. Carbery, Laurie A. Bizimana, Matthew S. Barclay, Nicholas D. Wright, Paul H. Davis, William B. Knowlton, Ryan D. Pensack, Paul C. Arpin, Daniel B. Turner
A noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) can produce few-cycle femtosecond laser pulses that are ideally suited for time-resolved optical spectroscopy measurements. However, the nonlinear-optical process giving rise to ultrabroadband pulses is susceptible to spatiotemporal dispersion problems. Here, we detail refinements, including chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) and pulse-front matching
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Design of an economic, portable, compact, and indigenous instrument setup for measuring sensing characteristics of thin film gas sensors Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Debabrata Bej, Nilanjan Chattaraj, Rishiv Sahu
Thin film gas sensor characterization is very demanding for various applications because of technical design trade-offs in commercially available gas sensors. For gas sensing characterization, a suitable gas-testing experimental setup is very much needed in this context. Various factors in the experimental setup can affect a thin film gas sensor’s response beyond gas exposure. These factors include
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A device for magnetic-field angle control in magneto-optical filters using a solenoid-permanent magnet pair Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Sharaa A. Alqarni, Jack D. Briscoe, Clare R. Higgins, Fraser D. Logue, Danielle Pizzey, Thomas G. Robertson-Brown, Ifan G. Hughes
Atomic bandpass filters are used in a variety of applications due to their narrow bandwidths and high transmission at specific frequencies. Predominantly, these filters are in the Faraday (Voigt) geometry, using an applied axial (transverse) magnetic field with respect to the laser propagation direction. Recently, there has been interest in filters realized with arbitrary-angle magnetic fields, which
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Neutron source reconstruction using a generalized expectation–maximization algorithm on one-dimensional neutron images from the Z facility Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 S. A. Ricketts, M. A. Mangan, P. Volegov, D. N. Fittinghoff, W. E. Lewis, O. M. Mannion, J. E. Morel, M. L. Adams, D. J. Ampleford
Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments have been performed at the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories. These experiments use deuterium fuel, which produces 2.45 MeV neutrons on reaching thermonuclear conditions. To study the spatial structure of neutron production, the one-dimensional imager of neutrons diagnostic was fielded to record axial resolved neutron images. In this diagnostic
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Automation of etch pit analyses on solid-state nuclear track detectors with machine learning for laser-driven ion acceleration Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 T. Taguchi, T. Minami, T. Hihara, F. Nikaido, T. Asai, K. Sakai, Y. Abe, A. Yogo, Y. Arikawa, H. Kohri, A. O. Tokiyasu, C. M. Chu, W. Y. Woon, S. Kodaira, M. Kanasaki, Y. Fukuda, Y. Kuramitsu
Solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) are often used as ion detectors in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments and are considered to be the most reliable ion diagnostics since they are sensitive only to ions and measure ions one by one. However, ion pit analyses require tremendous time and effort in chemical etching, microscope scanning, and ion pit identification by eyes. From a laser-driven
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Implementation of field-programmable Gate array-based clock synchronization in the fiber channel communication system Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Huiya Xu, Guangji Wang, Lianping Guo, Yijiu Zhao, Dongyu Jiang, Ke Lian
A sub-nanosecond clock synchronization scheme based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed for the Fiber Channel (FC) communication system in this paper. The counter value of the slave node is synchronized to that of the master node through the embedded IEEE 1588 protocol over the communication link. In order to ensure the counter clocks have the same frequency in both nodes, which
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Parylene-bonded micro-fluidic channels for cryogenic experiments at superfluid He-4 temperatures Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Š. Midlik, I. Gablech, M. Goleňa, J. Brodský, D. Schmoranzer
We present the manufacturing process of a (24.5 × 100) μm2-sized on-chip flow channel intended for flow experiments with normal and superfluid phases of 4He and showcase such a proof-of-concept experiment. This work proves the suitability of chip-to-chip bonding using a thin layer of Parylene-C for cryogenic temperatures as a simpler alternative to other techniques, such as anodic bonding. A monocrystalline
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Dynamic diffusive interfacial transport (D-DIT): A novel quantitative swelling technique for developing binary phase diagrams of aqueous surfactant systems Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Parth U. Kelkar, Kendra A. Erk, Seth Lindberg
Current methods to develop surfactant phase diagrams are time-intensive and fail to capture the kinetics of phase evolution. Here, the design and performance of a quantitative swelling technique to study the dynamic phase behavior of surfactants are described. The instrument combines cross-polarized optical and short-wave infrared imaging to enable high-resolution, high-throughput, and in situ identification
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A near-infrared laser dispersion spectrometer with phase modulation for open-path methane sensing Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Thomas E. Wall, Neil A. Macleod, Damien Weidmann
A laser-based open-path dispersion spectrometer for measuring atmospheric methane has been developed with the goal of achieving a very simple architecture, yet enabling molecular dispersion measurements immune to optical power variation. Well-mature, near-infrared photonics components were retained to demonstrate a compact, cost-effective, and low-power consumption dispersion spectrometer. In particular
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Compact remanence-free permanent magnet-based variable magnetic field source Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 S. Ivanov, H. Chen, M. Szurek, S. Urazhdin
We demonstrate a simple and compact variable magnetic field source based on the permanent cube magnet array approximating a Halbach cylinder. The large air gap area accommodates standard cryostat tails while providing a high uniformity and magnetic field stability of up to 0.5 T over regions of up to about a centimeter. It eliminates magnetic remanence effects and produces reproducible fields without
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Design and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope with a hybrid vibration isolation system Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Pei-Fang Chung, Balaji Venkatesan, Chih-Chuan Su, Jen-Te Chang, Hsu-Kai Cheng, Che-An Liu, Henry Yu, Chia-Seng Chang, Syu-You Guan, Tien-Ming Chuang
A spectroscopic imaging-scanning tunneling microscope (SI-STM) allows for the atomic scale visualization of the surface electronic and magnetic structure of novel quantum materials with a high energy resolution. To achieve the optimal performance, a low vibration facility is required. Here, we describe the design and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum STM system supported by a hybrid vibration isolation
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Active stabilization of an open-access optical microcavity for low-noise operation in a standard closed-cycle cryostat Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 M. Fisicaro, M. Witlox, H. van der Meer, W. Löffler
Open-access optical microcavities are Fabry–Perot type cavities consisting of two micrometer-size mirrors, separated by an air (or vacuum) gap typically of a few micrometers. Compared to integrated microcavities, this configuration is more flexible as the relative position of the two mirrors can be tuned, allowing for easy changes in parameters such as cavity length and mode volume and the selection
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A correction method for radial distortion and nonlinear response of infrared cameras Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Shuangbao Shu, Yufeng Fu, Shenglin Liu, Yuzhong Zhang, Tengda Zhang, Tianqi Wu, Xinyu Gao
The key feature of non-contact temperature measurement provided by infrared (IR) cameras underpins their versatility. However, the accuracy of temperature measurements with IR cameras depends on imaging quality due to their non-contact nature, such as the lens, body temperature, and measurement environment. This paper addresses the correction of radial distortion and nonlinear response issues in IR
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Review of Scientific Instruments New Products Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Andreas Mandelis
In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
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Design of soft x-ray varied-line-spacing (VLS) high-dispersion laminar-type grating coated with super-mirror-type (SMT) multilayer for flat-field spectrograph in a region of 2–4 keV Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 M. Koike, T. Hatano, A. S. Pirozhkov, Y. Ueno, M. Terauchi
A soft x-ray varied-line-spacing (VLS) laminar-type spherical grating with a super-mirror-type (SMT) multilayer was designed for a soft x-ray high resolution flat-field spectrograph in a region of 2–4 keV. The effective groove density of the designed VLS grating is 3200 lines/mm, and the local groove density varies from 2700 to 3866 lines/mm. The geometrical imaging property was evaluated by numerical
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Pulsed ion deflection to overcome detector saturation in cryogenic ice sampling Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 P. Samarth, M. Bulak, D. Paardekooper, K.-J. Chuang, H. Linnartz
In 2014, we introduced a new experimental approach to study the UV photo-processing of cryogenic ices of astrophysical interest using laser ablation in a combination of ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToF-MS). The setup, Mass Analytical Tool to Research Interstellar ICES, allowed us to detect newly formed species at low abundances. However, we found that with the increase in molecular
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Apparatus to measure density and viscosity of high-pressure carbon dioxide–alcohol mixtures Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Hy Dinh, John Moses, John Hannon, Veronica Wilson, Georgios Karamanis, Vikram Krishnamachari, Marc Hodes
Thermophysical properties of (single phase) binary CO2–alcohol mixtures under high pressure and moderate temperature conditions are important in supercritical fluid processes. An apparatus to measure mixture density as a function of temperature (up to 80 °C) and pressure (up to 15.9 MPa) over the full range of CO2 mass fractions was designed and commissioned. The fluid delivery system enables precise
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Design and investigation of a capacitance-coupling pre-ionized sharpening switch Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Rongxiao Zhai, Jiahui Yin, Yixiang Hu, Mengtong Qiu, Tianyang Zhang, Qilin Wu, Peitian Cong
The sharpening switch is one of the most important elements in the trigger generator, which is used to sharpen the front of the trigger pulse. The breakdown performance of the sharpening switch has an important influence on the output and stability of the trigger generator. In this paper, a novel 200 kV capacitance-coupling pre-ionized sharpening switch, which can realize pre-ionization by dividing
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Point projection radiography of electromagnetically accelerated flyer plates with an external X-pinch driver Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 J. Read, G. Burdiak, S. N. Bland, L. S. Caballero Bendixsen, L. Paxton-Fear, N. Niasse, C. Dobranszki, N. Hawker
A platform for flyer plate benchmarking experiments has been developed, with an external X-pinch driver for point projection radiography. The experiments were performed using CEPAGE, a low inductance pulsed power machine at First Light Fusion (2 MA, 1.4 µs), with a new vacuum transmission line and flyer load hardware designed specifically to give a line of sight for radiography. A broadband 10–20 keV