The influence of martensite and austenite phase volume fractions on the magnetoresistance have been studied across the first order martensite transformation of the Ni 44 Cu 2 Mn 43 In 11 compound. The different phase volume fractions are calculated by measuring the resistivity as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Our experiment reveals that the field-induced austenite phase fraction ( f

Field-free switching of a perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic layer by spin–orbit torque (SOT) from the spin Hall effect is of great interest in the applications of magnetic memory devices. In this paper we investigate by micromagnetic simulations the possibility of deterministic field-free switching by combining SOT with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). We confirmed that within a

We present a new methodology that enables a significant sensitivity improvement for transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) detection. For this purpose, we developed a novel measurement scheme, in which the polarization detection conditions are changed during the measurement sequence in a pre-defined way. An analytical expression of the associated T-MOKE signal pattern was derived, which allowed

In this work, we investigate the role played by associative ionization reactions in the memory effect of atmospheric pressure Townsend dielectric barrier discharges working in N 2 with a small addition of O 2 . Systematic laser-induced fluorescence measurements are carried out in order to provide the absolute densities of N and O atoms and NO molecules for different oxygen concentrations. The use of

A non-equilibrium model for laser-generated plasmas is used to represent collinear dual nano-second-pulse interactions. In the specific case considered, the breakdown is initiated with an ultraviolet (UV) laser pulse at 266 nm, which pre-ionizes the gas, and it is followed by a near-infrared (NIR) pulse at 1064 nm, which deposits significant energy into the ionized mixture. The model is validated against

Plasmonic metasurfaces act as appealing platforms for flexible and accurate wave regulation, but their functionalities in wavefront or spectral tuning are settled upon manufactured. So the ability to dynamically tailor the amplitude, phase or polarization is highly desirable for many scenarios of micro & nano photonics and the integrated optoelectronics. Here, one type of plasmonic metasurface devices

A novel flower-like MoS 2 /CdIn 2 S 4 composite was designed and synthesized via a simple in-situ hydrothermal method, for the first time. Under visible light irradiation, the 10% MoS 2 /CdIn 2 S 4 hybrid exhibited the strongest photocatalytic activities for both degradation of dye (Rhodamine B) and hydrogen generation. The RhB (10 mg L −1 ) can be almost degraded in 30 min, and the degradation rate

Graphene-integrated metasurfaces enable a new paradigm to control dynamic manipulation of electromagnetic waves from terahertz (THz) to mid-infrared. Despite the rapid growth, simultaneously achieving real-time continuous reconfigurability and high efficiency is still very challenging. To demonstrate this potential, an efficient gate-tunable tri-layer reflective metasurface (metamirror) performing

Ultralow stress sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity have an urgent need for micro-pressure measurement in aerospace, industrial automation and biomedical inventions. In this paper, a new method of ultrahigh sensitivity micro stress sensing is proposed near the exceptional point (EP) of parity-time symmetric systems theoretically. The EP is determined via the adjustment of the distance and the gain of

Refraction sensitivity can be optimised for differential x-ray phase contrast (XPC) imaging methods by modifying the set-up. Often, modifications involve changing source/detector parameters, propagation distances, or the design of optical components, i.e. parameters that are not readily changed without non-trivial time investment, replacing components, or performing high-precision recalibrations. The

Soft x-ray emission at 2.3–4.4 nm waveband in nitrogen plasma can be observed mostly from 2p-1s and 3p-1s resonant transitions. Ions of nitrogen in plasma emitting in necessary band have a high energy excited state in comparison with plasma temperature in experiments. Discharge and laser produced plasmas used in radiation sources often have non-equilibrium electron distributions with fast electrons

The spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) have garnered significant interest as a potential nanosized microwave signal generator. However, the core of magnetic radial vortex may be annihilated at the edge with the large spin polarized current density, which leads to unstable STNOs. In this work, we propose new STNOs based on a magnetic radial vortex by overcoming the annihilation of core at the edge

Plasma-assisted dry reforming of methane has attracted much research attention because this process simultaneously utilizes greenhouse, methane and carbon dioxide, to produce hydrogen-rich syngas at a relative low temperature. Although it is generally recognized that the gas composition of reactant has great effect on the methane conversion and products distribution, systematic studies that clarify

Flexibility, waterproof and breathability of substrates are the key issues restricting the application of electronic skin. Composite nanofibrous membranes (CNFMs) as substrates of electronic skin are prepared from polyvinylidene fluoride and silver nitrate blended solution by electrospinning technique. The microstructure and performances of the CNFMs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy

The full-spatial decomposition of transverse electric (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) mode in AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) has been experimentally investigated by introducing self-built light intensity test system mainly composed of angle resolution bracket, Glan–Taylor prism and spectrometer. Through roughening the sapphire sidewall, the extraction efficiency of DUV-LED

A modified version of Haberland type gas aggregation source with an arrow-shaped aggregation chamber set with two magnetrons was used for the production of core@shell Ni@Ti nanoparticles. This configuration that had two separate magnetrons in one aggregation chamber gave the possibility to independently control the power to each magnetron and thus to control the structure of created nanoparticles.

The wurtzite phase catalyst-free InAs nanowires were investigated under femtosecond laser pulse photoexcitations. It was found that the THz radiation emission mechanisms depend on an exciting laser beam polarization, namely, the plasma oscillations for perpendicular to nanowire optical electric fields, and the ballistically moving carrier separation for the parallel polarization fields. The energetic

Brain-inspired computing is believed to have a better performance compared with the conventional von Neumann computing. The synaptic electronic device is the most important component of a neuromorphic circuit. In this study, we present an aluminum nitride (AlN) based memristor as the synaptic weight element in a functional neural network for handwritten digit recognition. Reliable and stable resistive

Since arterial blood has both fluidity and conductivity, the arterial blood flow area is equivalent to an electric current source under the action of a static magnetic field, thus forming an electric field within a certain range of the human body. Therefore, the distribution of arterial blood flow can be reconstructed by using electrodes to obtain the potential difference signal on the skin's surface

The crystallization behavior of amorphous nano regions (20–100 nm in diameter) embedded in a textured epitaxial Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) 25 nm thick film grown on a Si (1 1 1) substrate has been investigated in situ by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The amorphous regions were obtained by irradiation with 30 keV Ge + at a fluence of 1.5 × 10 14 ions cm −2 of masked samples. The adopted

White, red and blue light-induced metastabilities in Cu2ZnSnS 4 (Se 4 ) solar cells were investigated by temperature dependent current-voltage measurements, drive level capacitance profiling, impedance and thermal admittance spectroscopy. A set of devices were studied where white and blue light soaking at room temperature led to degradation of the device performance, while after red light soaking the

Hexagonal boron nitride ( ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/0022-3727/53/20/203001/dab70c6ieqn001.gif] ) is the isoelectronic but insulating counterpart of graphene. Like graphene it can easily be grown as high-quality nanotubes or as single layers on metal surfaces. Both materials can be exfoliated or transferred after single-layer growth from suitable substrates onto new surfaces. In view of electronic

Emerging memories (EMs) have been intensively explored for embedded non-volatile memory (eNVM) applications because of their advantages over conventional eNVMs. There has been limited production of microcontrollers with embedded EM (eEMs) but the eEMs market has not taken off yet. The disruptive innovation undertaken by advanced digital CMOS technologies now provides a compelling motivation for a radical

The band structure and the topological property of the silicene-like nanoribbon (SiNR) can be regulated by external fields. The hybrization of SiNRs regulated by external fields may generate some special spin/valley properties of the inner-edge states. In this paper, we introduce three external fields: staggered electric field, antiferromagnetic exchange field and Haldane light field in SiNR systems

The Smith–Purcell radiation (SPR) is a promising way for developing compact and high power terahertz sources with broad application prospects. Yet, the conventional SPR is largely restricted by its low efficiency and incoherency. Here we illustrate an enhanced coherent SPR from a compound array of deep-narrow-rectangular-grooves (DNRGs). We show, by detailed theoretical analysis and simulations, that

Discovering new materials and developing novel synthesis techniques are like two wheels of a cart in materials-based science and technology. As is often the case, innovative synthesis recipe can rejuvenate the research landscape of a material that is otherwise thought to be matured. A good example of such is the narrow band gap semiconductor/semimetal family of A 2 Q (A = Cu, Ag; Q = S, Se, Te). Here

Aflatoxin B1 and B2 are extremely toxic to humans and commonly found in agricultural and food products. Thus, rapid and accurate detection and identification of these substances is essential to prevent human and animal health problems due to their consumption. Here, we present a metamaterial-based terahertz biosensor that has the potential for high-sensitivity, quantitative identification of aflatoxin

Plasma jets are increasingly used in plasma medicine, in microelectronics and for surface treatment due to their unique properties, such as low gas temperature and high concentration of active species. This paper presents the results of a study of plasma jets generated by the atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge while passing through it of argon-air, helium-air and helium-water vapor mixtures

We study the effects of the local lattice structure around magnetic ions, on the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (MA) in transition metal oxides, particularly ferrites, using the electron theory. We address M-type hexagonal ferrites, tetragonally distorted spinel ferrites, and an ilmenite (CoMnO 3 ). The tight-binding scheme with spin–orbit interaction ( LS coupling) is applied to calculate the electronic

We report magnetic properties of electrospun multiferroic nanofibers assembled into linear aggregates with an external magnetic field, and measured with the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) in a non-specular or scattering geometry (ScMOKE). Compared with bulk magnetometry, ScMOKE’s sensitivity to subtle differences between aggregates offers a route to determine local multiferroic coupling in disordered

In this paper, the influence of gas filling pressure on the current interruption performance of different switch configurations with electric arcs burning in nitrogen has been experimentally investigated. A synthetic circuit generating a current of 130 A at 190 Hz is used and the initial rate of rise of recovery voltage just after current zero is varied from 9.8 V/µs to 84.9 V/µs. To evaluate the effect

We theoretically investigate the micromagnetic dynamics and spin configurations in a CoFeB/Pt nanodisk with varying effective anisotropy constant ( K ) and radius ( R ). It is found that skyrmion and skyrmionium could be stabilized well in a certain region of the phase diagram of topological structures, and their formations physically originated from the competition between exchange interactions and

This study addresses the synthesis and mechanical behavior of graphene-metal composites comprising palladium (Pd) nanoribbons wrapped with graphene. Coating Pd nanoribbons with graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) considerably increases their elastic modulus. These measurements are made by suspended microbridge indentation. A refined indentation measurement approach carefully takes into consideration

Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures were constructed using MoSSe and XN (X = Ga, Al) via density functional calculations to serve as water splitting photocatalysts. Both the MoSSe/GaN and MoSSe/AlN heterostructures are energetically, dynamically and thermally stable. Interestingly, they exhibited type-II band structures, indicating the ability to continuously separate photogenerated

In this work, we demonstrate that the near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between two graphene sheets can be modulated effectively, when the suspended sheets are subjected to mechanical strain. In this system, the isotropic optical properties of graphene dramatically change to be the in-plane anisotropy due to existence of the strain. The results suggest that the enhancement of NFRHT arises

Circuit inductance is an important parameter at underwater electrical wire explosion (UEWE) experiments as it closely relates to the energy deposition rate to the load wire. In this study, the circuit inductance was varied within a wide range from 1.55 μ H to 93.2 μ H by inserting inductive coils to study its effects on electrical and shock wave (SW) characteristics at UEWE. Experimental results showed

The bactericidal mechanism of plasma activated water (PAW) is an important issue that needs to be addressed in plasma medicine. In this paper, the pH value and the concentrations of RONS (H 2 O 2 , ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/0022-3727/53/18/185207/dab703aieqn001.gif] , ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/0022-3727/53/18/185207/dab703aieqn002.gif] , OH·, ONOOH and 1 O 2 ) in PAW were measured by

Nanostructures with combined magnetic and plasmonic properties have become an active subject of research in recent years. However, most of magneto-plasmonic systems as biosensors adopt a complex intertwined configuration or operate in the monochrome excitation. In this work, we present a simple magneto-plasmonic system which consists of an Au nanowire array on top of a cobalt film, and theoretically

A handheld low temperature plasma (LTP) device has been developed for safe and effective wound healing. The room temperature, long operating range plasma produced by this device was acceptable for the genetic diabetic db/db mice. Three working gas admixture ratios, helium only, helium +0.1% O 2 and helium +1% O 2 , of the LTP device were compared on the wound healing efficiency. The LTP with the working

A gradual decrease in the concentration of ozone produced by the continuous operation of a large-scale dielectric barrier discharge-type ozone generator (OG) was observed under the supply of a constant discharge power and high-purity oxygen as the feed gas. This finding was named the ‘ozone zero phenomena’ on the basis of our experiments demonstrating that the ozone molecules disappeared at the surface

Acoustic metasurfaces are attractive due to the feasibility of unprecedented modulation for reflected or refracted waves. However, most proposed acoustic metasurfaces are planar, which limits the application of metasurfaces. An acoustic metasurface with a curved surface shape is rarely reported, especially for the three-dimensional case. In this paper, the three-dimensional generalized Snell’s law

The electron drift velocity, longitudinal diffusion and effective ionization coefficients in the gaseous ternary mixtures CF 3 I-SF 6 -N 2 and CF 3 I-SF 6 -CO 2 have been measured using a pulsed Townsend apparatus over the density-normalized electric field intensity, E/N, from 230 to 470 Td and 230 to 430 Td, respectively (1 Td = 10 −17 V cm 2 ). Several ternary gas mixture compositions containing

Ignition and combustion of ~20 µ m diameter aluminum powder was achieved with a helium–steam-based 2.45 GHz microwave plasma torch as a proof of concept due to interest in utilizing aluminum powder as a fuel source for power generation given the material’s high energy density. Optical emission spectroscopy of the plasma in air, with steam-entrainment, and with aluminum particle injection was obtained

When a hole-like trap appears in deep level transient spectroscopy spectra of devices with an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction, surface states at the top of the AlGaN layer are often incriminated. However, no deep investigation has proved that this anomalous signal is related to interface states. In this work, we made a full study of a hole-like signal which appears in spectra of AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier

Low efficiency is the main drawback of many MEMS thermal energy harvesters. Recently, energy harvesting micro-devices that operate using the pyroelectric effect gained attention due to their potential superior performance. Operation of these devices is based on the cyclic motion of a pyroelectric capacitor that operates between a high temperature and a low temperature reservoirs. In this paper, we

Narrow band gap semiconductor InSb has attracted tremendous attention due to the high electron mobility, small electron effective mass, and large Landé g-factor, which makes InSb gain potential exploitation in novel electronic and spintronic devices. In addition, with lowering dimension and downscaling size, various quantum phenomena might emerge in low-dimensional InSb structures. In this work, the

Novel transport behavior of carriers always generates new types of electronic elements. For traditional resistor element, the voltage is directly proportional to drift current regardless of Joule heat, which can be credibly described by Ohm’s law. There are still some new types of materials such as memristor and Weyl metal that do not follow Ohm’s law, and they have drawn significant attention. In

A large class of photoelectrodes for water splitting are processed by assembling nanoparticles onto a silicon solar cell substrate. A fundamental question is the optimal size of constituent nanoparticles that maximizes optical absorption in the photoanode. We use electromagnetic optical calculations to study the impact of particle size on optical absorption of Ta 3 N 5 /Si tandem photoanodes. We found

We systematically investigated the modulation of heat transport of experimentally accessible two-dimensional (2D) group-III chalcogenides by first-principles calculations. It was found that intrinsic thermal conductivity ( κ ) of chalcogenides MX (M = Ga, In; X = S, Se) were desirable for efficient heat dissipation. Meanwhile, we showed that the long-ranged harmonic and anharmonic interactions played

High purity SiO 2 substrates were implanted by 45 keV Ti ions or sequentially implanted by 45 keV Ti and Cu ions at different fluences. After annealing at 900 °C, rutile TiO 2 nanorods were synthesized in the samples sequentially implanted with Ti and Cu ions. Besides, strong room temperature exciton absorption was observed near the band edge of TiO 2 in these samples. The position and intensity of

Electrochemical metallization memories have received much attention as candidates for next generation non-volatile memory applications, due to their fast switching speed, simple structure, high scalability and low energy consumption. Chalcogenide compounds like Ge–Sb–Te-based materials are extensively studied solid electrolytes for such devices and considered within the most promising candidates. In

Based on density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, we propose UI 3 monolayer as a candidate of f -electron two-dimensional magnet. The UI 3 monolayer has two kinds of crystal structures, which are rectangular and hexagonal, respectively. Our calculations show that both of them have ferromagnetic ground state, and the hexagonal structure is more stable than the rectangular

The hetero-polar charges on the spacer surface due to the gas ionization has been verified as one of the hazard charge sources threatening the safe operation of HVDC gas-insulated transmission line (GIL). This letter reports the differences in surface charging properties of spacers in SF 6 and C 3 F 7 CN/CO 2 gas mixtures, and a rigorous re-examination of environmental firendly gas assessment for DC

Vanadium dioxide is widely explored as a viable material for switching applications and a robust progress has been achieved on laboratory-scale. To realise its commercialisation, industrially-viable synthetic techniques are highly required. Ultrasonic nebulised spray pyrolysis of aqueous combustion mixture (UNSPACM) is a simple, low-cost and scalable technique which offers high quality films for various

Numerous efficient catalysts have been introduced towards hydrogen evolution to produce H 2 via water electrolysis. Besides developing highly active catalysts, considerable efforts should be focused on the reaction condition to accelerate electrochemical reactions. Increasing the operating temperature enhances the performances. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of a mature electro-thermal system

To improve the quality of electrohydraulic discharge (EHD) shockwaves cracking effect and reduce its damage, the study examines the cumulative damage characteristics of rock induced by shockwaves generated by EHD. Voltage, current, energy, efficiency, wave velocity, and peak value of incident and transmission shockwave of a liquid–solid interface at different discharge energies are given based on the

STED microscopy has been adopted by many research laboratories and imaging core facilities around the world. It offers biologists in principle a much higher spatial resolution than conventional light microscopy to reveal morphological and molecular details of cells beyond the diffraction barrier. However, this advantage is oftentimes hard for STED users to attain in the presence of optical aberrations

Relying on nanoindentation technology, the process of elastic-to-elastoplastic transition can be traced at the nanoscale via the sudden excursion in depth, namely the first pop-in event. In the current work, we investigated the delayed incipient plastic deformation at the holding stage in a LiTaO 3 single crystal under a 9.8 µ m spherical tip. The critical loads for spontaneous incipient plasticity

The performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are mainly affected by various defects inside the perovskite active layer and the corresponding electron/hole interfaces of transport layers. Much progress has been made in the development of perovskite layer passivation strategies, contributing to the efficient performance of PSCs with improved ambient environment stability. This paper

This work demonstrates a broad-band negative refractive index (NRI) by using the hybridization effect of dish-net dimer metamaterials (MMs), in the GHz frequency regime. Two symmetric layers of dishnet structure are expected to realize a wideband of negative refractive index with a high transmitted power of 88%, a high figure of merit of 26 at 15.2 GHz and to make the MM insensitive for polarization/wide-incident