The oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusivity of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ were determined by electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) in order to quantitively assess cathode performance for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). The measurements were performed at 600 °C, following pO2-step changes between 80 ppm to pure oxygen. The apparent value of surface exchange coefficient (k) and diffusion

Traditional reactive gas O2 was replaced by CO2 to fabricate carbon-doped tin oxide (SnOx-C) using pulse direct current magnetron sputtering (pDC-MS) with different Ar/CO2 flow ratios, the physical and electrochemical properties of SnOx-C films were characterized by X-ray reflection (XRR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), battery tester, et al. The results showed that CO2 gas would be decomposed

Layered nickel-rich ternary materials LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 have been deemed as the most practical candidates in the power battery industry on account of their high capacity and low cost. In the study, we investigated the modifying impacts of Y(PO3)3 on structure and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.1Mn0.3O2 (NCM613) material. The characterization results show that trace amounts of yttrium may

Understanding the electrochemical processes in all-solid-state lithium‑sulfur batteries is essential for designing high-performance devices. Here, the evolution of the electrochemical impedance spectra of an all-solid-state lithium‑sulfur battery during one charge/discharge cycle was quantitatively investigated with a reasonably established equivalent circuit. The impedance spectra could be decomposed

Na3Zr2Si2PO12 based solid electrolytes are well known materials because of their potential applications in different solid-state ionic devices. This review article presents the structural and transport results of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 based solid electrolytes prepared by different dry and wet methods known in the literature. The advantages and limitations of different synthesis methodologies to achieve the

LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 (NCM83) is considered as a potential cathode material owing to its high energy density and low cost, yet the discharge capacity decays rapidly with the cycles. Dual doping of Mg and Ti is used to improve electrochemical stability. MgxTixMn1-2x(OH)2+x is uniformly coated on the surface of precursor particles by co-precipitation method, and MgxTixMn1-2x diffuses evenly during the

As a potential solid-state electrolyte material, Li-containing A-site deficient perovskite oxides have attracted the attention of researchers because of their high Li-ion conductivity and the relationship between Li-ion conduction and structural characteristics, which has been intensively investigated. We have recently confirmed a quasi-periodic ordered arrangement of La and vacancies (Vac) at the

Boehmite particles with or without hydroxyls and those of different particle sizes were coated on PE membrane with water-based slurry, and properties of coated separators were characterized. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the uniformity and integrity of the coatings. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) were used to identify the phases

We report on an investigation of the local structure and vibrational dynamics in the brownmillerite-based proton conductors Ba2In1.85M0.15O6H2 with M = In, Ga, Sc and Y. The aim is to determine the effect of the cation (M) substitution on the local coordination environment of the protons. The techniques used are infrared spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering. The materials are characterized

We studied lithium tracer diffusion in proton-exchanged congruent LiNbO3 single crystals in the temperature range between 150 and 230 °C. Proton exchange was done in benzoic acid with 1 mol% lithium benzoate added, resulting in a surface layer where Li is substituted by H for about 60% (about 12 at.% H within LiNbO3). For the diffusion experiments, ion-beam sputtered isotope enriched 6LiNbO3 was used

The effect of mechanical milling on the lithium-ion conductivity of lithium alanate (LiAlH4) is investigated. Although pristine LiAlH4 is a poor ion conductor in its highly crystalline state, short-time mechanical milling for 0.1–2 h is shown to significantly improve the conductivity. Hand-milling treatment in an argon-filled glove box is also shown to improve the conductivity. The activation energy

The research of electrolyte is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of batteries. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) play an essential role in battery safety and stability. In this work, a new GPEs membrane was prepared by blending PVDF-HFP/PMMA and prepared Ti3C2Tx MXene, and its electrochemical performance in sodium ion batteries (SIB) was studied. Due to the presence of

LiCoO2 is an important cathode material in lithium-ion batteries, but its cycling performances at a high cut-off voltage such as 4.5 V still need improving. In this research, LiF additive is used to modify LiCoO2 materials to improve the overall performances at the cut-off voltage of 4.5 V. Electrochemical tests prove that the cycling and rate performances are greatly improved after the addition of

The Ce0.85Y0.15O2-δ (YDC)-xmol% aluminum containing compound (x = 0, 10, 20 and 40) composite powders were prepared through mixing YDC with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mol% Al(NO3)3 (named as A0, A10, A20, A40), and then densified by spark plasma sintering at 1300 °C for 5 min. The main phase of YDC exists in all samples, while a second phase of CeAlO3 forms for x ≥ 10 in the composite ceramics. The diffraction

This paper is dedicated to a study of conductivity and current-voltage characteristics (IV curve) of lithium niobate (LN, LiNbO3) single crystals. The studied crystals have been turned to a single domain state. We have researched nominally pure congruent (CLN) and strongly doped LiNbO3:Mg and LiNbO3:Zn crystals at Т = 300–450 K. Magnitude, activation energy and type of conductivity have been established

Belite is a major phase of cement clinker that has attracted great attention due to its applicability in the production of environmental friendly cement. In this work, we investigate and compare properties of γ- β- polymorphic forms of belite. γ-belite is the ground state phase. Whereas, β-belite is found to be metastable phase of belite and it is the most present phase of belite in ordinary cement

Exploration deep into the ocean and earth calls for power systems that can tolerant extremely high pressure, e.g. the pressure reaches up to 110 MPa at seafloor of Mariana Trench. In this work, we report for the first time the effects of 115 MPa external high pressure on mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) as an anode for lithium ion battery (LIB), from crystal structural variation and Li+ ion diffusion in

Garnet type LLZTO ceramic oxide is a promising solid-state electrolyte for use in Li-ion batteries because it has good chemical stability, adequate mechanical strength. However, lithium dendrite growth still needs to be addressed. The opacity of the solid electrolyte hinders in-situ investigation of dendrite growth. Therefore, semi-transparent LLZTO with high-density is needed. The traditional fabrication

Samples of Ni-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics with the compositions of CaCu3Ti4-4хNi4хO12-δ and CaCu3-3хNi3хTi4O12 (x ≤ 0.06) were synthesized by the solid phase method. X-ray phase analysis revealed the trace amounts of copper oxide (II) admixture in the samples. Electrical properties of the samples of both compositions were studied in the temperature range of 25–400°С. The minimal dielectric loss tangent

Ion transport in electrolytes depends on three transport coefficients, conductivity (κ), salt diffusion coefficient (D), and the cation transference number with respect to the solvent velocity (t+0), and the thermodynamic factor (Tf). Current methods for determining these parameters involve four separate experiments, and the coupled nature of the equations used to determine them generally results in

The commercial development of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been hampered from the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites and low coulombic efficiency (CE). In this respect, the exploration of advanced host materials to regulate the behavior of Li plating/stripping is an effective strategy to resolve those issues. In this work, we report the modified Ni foam by Au nanoparticles decorated reduced

Organic-inorganic hybrid material of vanadyl ethylene glycolate (VEG) with formula VO(CH2O)2 has been studied as cathode material of zinc-ion aqueous batteries, and its structural information during the electrochemical process was evaluated for the first time using in-situ x-ray diffraction(XRD) technique. The VEG electrode exhibits good electrochemical performance. A high specific capacity of 364 mA h g−1

Previous work has demonstrated the accumulation of negative charges on the anode side of the ion conductor Rb2Ti2O5 when placed under voltage between two metallic electrodes. The nature of these accumulated species and of the conducting ions is investigated by a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Xray diffraction, dielectric response measurements, charge distribution, IR absorption spectroscopy

A lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) and lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) salts in combination with an ionic liquid (N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide - MePrPyrNTf2 or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide - EtMeImNTf2), sulfolane (TMS) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) were tested as polymer electrolytes (PEs) for Li-ion polymer

Hydration of Nafion 117 perfluorinated sulfonic cation-exchange membrane in alkaline ion forms was investigated by high resolution 1H NMR. Hydration numbers of Li+, Na+ and Cs+ cations were 5 ± 1, 6 ± 1 and 1 ± 0.2, correspondingly for membrane equilibrated with water vapor at 98% RH. As opposed to Li+ and Na+, which form separate ion pair, Cs+ cation directly contacts with membrane sulfonate group

Composite materials (1 − f) CaWO4 – fSiO2 with volume fraction of SiO2 f ≤ 1.0 were prepared by the solid state method. The obtained composites have been examined by SEM-EDS, the electrochemical impedance technique, conductivity measurements versus oxygen partial pressure and EMF measurements in order to evaluate ion transport numbers. It was shown that heterogeneous doping of the poor oxygen ion conductor

Li-rich layered oxides can provide high energy density, but their further application is hindered by capacity decrease and voltage decay in the course of cycling. Herein, we blended layered oxide Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 (LL) with olivine structured LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C (LFMP) cathode material via a simple method, with improved results of excellent cycle stability, low voltage decay and good thermal stability

Homogeneous and three-dimensional structural Cu6Sn5 alloy thin-film composite materials are successfully fabricated by efficiently electrodepositing the acidic leaching solution of waste printed circuit boards with the pH value adjusted to 10 at different current densities, which are confirmed by inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction

We investigate the evolution of the fluorite structure in the Ce1-xMxO2-x/2 system with Gd and Sm as Rare Earth (RE) doping cations and Gd/Sm as co-doping couple using Molecular Dynamics at 298 K. Doping cations and oxygen vacancies are introduced in the CeO2 fluorite lattice through two different arrangements the Random one and the Neighbour one. The evolution of the lattice parameter is compared

Flexible aqueous Zn-ion batteries have aroused great interest as an emerging energy storage technology in smart/wearable electronics due to their low cost, high energy density, good safety, and flexibility. However, the construction of excellent cathode and anode is still a key step for the Zn-ion batteries development. Herein, we report a rechargeable flexible quasi-solid-state (FQSS) Zn-ion battery

Nitrogen-doped Li1+xAlxGe2-x(PO4)3 (LAGP) thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering in a mixture of Ar + N2 using an LAGP powder target. The as-deposited films were amorphous, but could be crystallised into the NASICON LAGP phase after annealing at temperatures above 550 °C. The introduction of nitrogen to the sputtering gas has two effects on the deposited films; incorporation of a low concentration

For many solid electrolytes, the introduction of structural disorder is beneficial for the ionic conductivity, since it breaks the localisation of the mobile species. Yet, in the case of the Na+ superionic conductor (NASICON) structure, we show that an ordered configuration of the cations can both diminish or escalate the ionic conductivity. Here, the key factor is the arrangement of the P5+ ions with

A new lithium-ion conducting oxide, hexagonal Li4GeO4, with a space group of P63/mmc, was prepared by mechanochemical treatment and subsequent heat treatment at 250 °C. The crystal structure was found in sulfide Li4SnS4, and this is the first study to report an oxide system. In addition, (100-x)Li4GeO4·xLi2MO4 (M = S or W; x = 10, 20, 30, and 40 mol%) glass-ceramic electrolytes with the hexagonal phase

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) based solid polymer electrolyte is expected to be the safe and high energy density lithium-ion batteries owing to leakage-free and good flexibility, but high crystallinity results in low ionic conductivity at room temperature. In this paper, different molecular weights of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-polyethylene glycol (POSS-(PEGw)8, w = 1 K g/mol and 2 K g/mol)

Pyrrolidinium salts based ionic liquids are known to be good ionic conductors even in solid-state around room temperature, which is attributed to the highly disordered plastic crystalline phase. Moreover, these salts are characterized by multiple phase transitions which include plastic, structural glass, and glassy crystal phases with varying levels of molecular disorder. Temperature-dependent Brillouin

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics defines a set of phenomenological coefficients to describe entropy production by means of thermodynamic fluxes. The determination of these phenomenological coefficients has proved to be a challenging task and hence it is not widely spread. In this study, a relationship between Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and these coefficients is successfully presented. This

A series of Ph-m-SPEEKK/polysiloxanes organic-inorganic hybrid proton exchange membranes (HMs) were prepared. The Ph-m-SPEEKK was synthesized from 2-phenylhydroquinone and 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, and sulphonated in a controlled way until a 1.60 meq g−1 ion exchange capacity was reached. The crosslinked polysiloxane phase (PSP) was prepared by the sol-gel route from PDMS as the linear fraction

Transition metal hydroxides (TMHs) are recently receiving increasing attention as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their merits of high theoretical capacity, low cost, and easy preparation. Herein, hierarchical flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 is synthesized by a facile homogeneous precipitation method with Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and urea as raw materials. When evaluated as an anode material

Ruddlesden-Popper-type La2NiO4+δ oxide is considered as a potential cathode for solid oxide fuel cell applications. In this work, the tailoring possibility of the cathode material properties by doping with a small amount of Co has been investigated. The initial powders were synthesized by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method. The sintering kinetics, thermal expansion, electrical conductivity

Enhanced quasi solid-state (QSS) polymer electrolytes were developed by consolidating dissolved polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in a binary organic solvent of ethylene carbonate-propylene carbonate (EC-PC) with ion promoters such as 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII), sodium iodide (NaI) salt, and Iodine (I2). In this work, the concentration of I2 was varied to one-twentieth, one-fifteenth, one-tenth

(Cu1-xAgx)7GeS5I solid solutions in the form of single crystals have been investigated by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range from 110 K to 350 K. The partial substitution of mobile Cu+ and Ag+ ions affects the conductivity of these compounds, which is explained by mixed-ion effect.

Binary transition metal oxides have received extensive attraction as anode in lithium ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacities and synergistic effect of the two metal elements. In this work, CNTs embedded in Sb2MoO6@C hollow spheres are successfully fabricated through solvothermal process accompanied by sintering treatment. Benefiting from the hierarchical architecture and the conductive

Fe2O3 nano-particles and nano-rods were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method under different reaction conditions and then applied as anode materials for Lithium ion batteries. Microstructural analysis confirmed these two shapes and structures for Fe2O3 samples. It was noticed that the electrochemical performance of Fe2O3 is highly influenced by its particle morphology. Unexpectedly, Fe2O3 nano-particles

To improve the Li ion conductivity in a glass-ceramic solid electrolyte, the microstructural control for Li2S-P2S5 glass ceramics was investigated based on crystallization kinetics. 75Li2S∙25P2S5 (mol.%) glass was synthesized by a ball-milling method, and glass-ceramics were prepared by crystallization with heat treatment at various temperatures with appropriate holding times. Crystallization kinetics—nucleation