Using traditional co-precipitation method accompanied by the subsequent calcination treatment, spherical pristine LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (P-LNCM), and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 co-doped with Zr and Er (EZ-LNCM) cathode materials are successfully synthesized. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry

The 5 V lithium-insertion material of Li[Ni1/2Mn3/2]O4 (LiNiMO) is a promising positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, several approaches toward improving the cyclability of LiNiMO have been undertaken. To understand the origin of the capacity fading of LiNiMO during cycling, we examined long-term cycle tests of LiNiMO with different particle sizes under varying temperatures

A comparative analysis of interaction of various borosilicate glasses with water vapor is carried out in the work. The fundamental dependence of the observed processes on the concentration of alkali metal oxides as well as glass formers B2O3 and Al2O3 in glass is shown. The relative content of alkali oxides determines which processes dominates. The absence of alkali metal oxides leads to the fact that

Lithium‐sulfur battery has been regarded to be one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices on account of its high theoretical specific capacity, low cost and non-toxicity. Nevertheless, the practical application is largely hindered by the fast capacity attenuation, which primarily resulted from the shuttle effect of the soluble polysulfides. Herein, a ZIF 67-based separator with

We controllable designed and synthesized four kinds of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanostructured Co3O4 thin films directly deposited on the nickel foam surface by a facile chemical bath deposition method. The morphologies of the Co3O4 films were regulated by using different anions (SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, and CH3COO−) originated from the precursors. The effect of different anions on the surface

High-voltage spinel Li1+xNi0.5Mn1.5O4-xClx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) cathode materials with different contents of Li+ and Cl− co-doping were obtained through a solid-state process. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images indicate that pure LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO, space group Fd-3 m) particles possess an octahedral morphology, predominantly exhibiting {111} crystallographic planes

Even though batteries operate at different temperatures depending on their use and state of charge, little work has been done to understand the effects of temperature on the ionic transport properties of the electrolyte. The temperature dependence of these properties is important for predicting how the performance of the battery will change as a function of temperature, along with gaining fundamental

To improve the performance of intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (IT-SOECs) based on the Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ (SDC) interlayer, a transition metal oxide (CuO) was added to the interlayer to enhance its oxygen ion conduction, and thereby, reduce the oxygen electrode polarization resistance of the SOEC. The performance of SOECs based on the SDC–CuO interlayers was studied. The experimental

Nitrogen-doped Li2MnSiO4/C (LMS/CN) was synthesized by an acetic acid-assisted sol-gel route. To improve the cycling stability of the LMS/CN cathodes, five formation cycles were employed, by charging cells to 4.5 V and 4.6 V vs. Li+/Li prior to operation cycles, where the cells were charged to a higher potential of 4.8 V. The LMS/CN cells charged to 4.5 V and 4.6 V had 30-cycle capacity retention values

To achieve high classification accuracy in the neuromorphic computing, the good linearity of the weight updating in memristors is critical. However, it is very challenging to realize a good linearity behavior in filamentary memristors. In this work, we develop a unidirectional depression pulse scheme to optimize the linearity in TaOx-based memristors. Devices with the conventional identical pulse scheme

The critical issue of the interface between Li anode and solid electrolyte based on Li7La3Zr2O12 can be addressed by using a buffer layer. Ceramic samples were covered with Al layers of various thickness – 10, 50 and 150 nm using vacuum deposition. It was established that the deposition of 150 nm Al reduces interface resistance between solid electrolyte and Li and leads to a faster formation of the

Change in Li depth profiles of Ti/NbO/LiPON/LMO/Ti and Ti/LMO/LiPON/NbO/Ti (NbO=Nb2O5, LiPON=Li3.3PO3.8N0.2, LMO = LiMn2O4) batteries prepared on Si substrate on one cycle of charging and discharging has been in-situ measured from both Ti/NbO and Ti/LMO sides by ERD (elastic recoil detection analysis) and RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy) techniques with 9 MeV O+4 ion beam, in order to understand

In this study, we report the synthesis of sodium iron silicate (Na2FeSiO4) as a cathode material for Na-ion batteries for the first time using fast and highly scalable urea combustion technique. In the present work, different combustion reactions using various fuels are carried out. The fuel of urea provides enough energy/flame temperature to the reaction to achieve orthorhombic phase of Na2FeSiO4

An electrochemical tool for characterising properties of non-stoichiometric oxides is described that is based on Electromotive Force (E.M.F.) measurements and coulometric titration. The tool may be used to subject samples to either solid-state or gas phase redox perturbations. A theoretical analysis of the setup shows that the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is characteristic of the oxygen activity in the

The rapid development of wearable electronics demands for high-safety and stretchable lithium-ion batteries which are closer to the human skin, then accelerating the requirement for all-solid-state electrolytes with high stretchability and ion conductivity. Here, we proposed a decoupling strategy to effectively overcome the theoretical tradeoff between mechanical properties and ion conductivity of

There is a great need for a thermally stable separator to meet the application requirements in high-power lithium batteries. In this paper, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) /[MgAl]-layered double hydroxide (LDH) composite nanofiber membranes were produced by electrospinning mixed solution which is prepared by dispersing different content of LDH particles into PAN. The results of Energy Disperse Spectroscopy

CuCe0.8La0.1Sm0.1O2-δ and CuCe0.8Nd0.1Sm0.1O2-δ are studied as anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells with methanol as fuel. The oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusion coefficients of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ both increase with La and Nd doping. The CH3OH temperature-programmed surface reaction results show that the addition of La and Nd accelerates the chemical oxidation of CH3OH. Furthermore, compared

Doped-BaGdInO4 is a promising material for many applications including solid oxide fuel cells due to its high oxide-ion conductivity. Here we employ atomistic simulations to show that the activation energy for oxygen migration in Ca-doped BaGdInO4 is lower as compared to undoped BaGdInO4 and importantly divalent doping will form oxygen vacancies. The results are consistent with recent experimental

Potential barriers formed at the intergrain of polycrystalline metal-oxide semiconductors, such as tin oxide, present fluctuations that are usually ignored in the study of gas sensors responses. Fluctuations in the Schottky-type barriers arise from the punctual character and distribution of the charges at the depletion region. Accordingly, we present a numerical model that allows to determine the distribution

To improve rate performance and cycling stability of SnO2-based anode material, we have used single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with extraordinary high electrical conductivity as a core to construct a coaxial nanocable of SWCNT@SnO2@N-doped carbon (SWCNT@SnO2@NC) by hydrothermal treatment, polymerization, and thermal annealing. In which, SWCNTs are served as flexible and conductive substrates for

Silicon (Si) is regarded as a great promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and low lithium storage potential. However, the practical application of pure silicon is greatly limited by its low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion. It is well known that the modification ofsilicon negative materials with carbon tubes is a good strategy

An in-situ 57Fe Mössbauer study of mixed ionic electronic conducting (Ba0.5Sr0.5)(Co0.857Fe0.08Fe0.12)O3−δ (BSCF5582) has been made at temperatures up to 1000 °C. In the paramagnetic high-temperature phase (T ≥ 315 °C), quadrupolar interactions show that local symmetry at iron sites is lower than cubic. At 700 °C, 850 °C, and 1000 °C, spectra have been measured as a function of oxygen partial pressure

Reducing the particle size to improve the electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 has been a common practice along the last years claiming that, by doing this, the Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion in its 3 V region is reduced. However, only a few papers have proved actual links between the mitigation of the JT effect and particle size; therefore, the JT effect is often entangled with mechanical and kinetic

In spite of its high theoretical capacity and plentiful sources, the commercial application of vanadium dioxide is still unpractical because of its poor electrical conductivity and drastic volume changes during lithium-ion storage, resulting in poor electrochemical performance and fast capacity decay. To overcome these disadvantages, a newly 2D material, named Ti3C2 MXenes, is introduced to VO2 as

The Na-ion conducting solid electrolyte NASICON is a promising solid state electrolyte (SSE) for use in Na based electrochemical systems. The effects of particle morphology and synthesis of von Alpen type NASICON via hot-pressing were investigated. Spray dried particles were shown to improve mechanical and electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, impulse excitation

The structural and electrochemical characteristics of the Ln2-xSrxNiO4+δ (Ln = La and Pr; x = 0–1.4) system were investigated to clarify the relationship between the electrocatalytic activity and various characteristics such as the structure, composition, electrical conductivity, and oxygen content. Rietveld analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that the tetragonal distortion of

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 has attracted much attention because of its promising properties of high ionic conductivity, good chemical stability against Li metal, and good mechanical strength. To better understand the Li conduction mechanism, the Li site occupancy and Li-ion conductivity are studied with a high Li concentration in the range of 6.70–7.15 mol per formula unit. Aluminum and silicon, which

High temperature solid oxide solar cells based on SrTiO3 (STO) are investigated. Schottky contacts between STO and different materials, including La1-xSrxCrO3, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 and metals like Au and Pt are illuminated by UV light with a wavelength of 365 nm at 350 °C in air and the resulting voltages and currents are measured. With certain material combinations, e.g. LaCrO3/STO or Au/STO

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is widely used to study Li ion batteries. Most explanations of CV experiments, however, are based on traditional electrochemical kinetic models of all reactive species in electrolytes, possibly leading to non-physical lithium accumulation on electrode surfaces due to several orders of difference in magnitude between Li+ diffusion coefficients in electrode and electrolyte. Here

To lower operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the development of ion-conducting oxides with high conductivity and durability is desired. In this work, we investigated Zr-substituted “Ba3Y4O9” as an ionic conductor at intermediate temperatures and found that the Zr substitution for Y dramatically improves the phase stability in humidified atmospheres at 300–800 °C. The total electrical

Sodium metal is one of the most promising anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity, low redox potential, abundant content and low price. However, due to the high reactivity and infinite volume change of sodium metal, unstable SEI film and dendrite are formed during the repeated plating and stripping process, leading to low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and inferior

Polymer/garnet solid oxide composite electrolyte has been regarded as a promising solution for solid-state lithium metal battery. It has many advantages such as higher flexibility, lower density, relatively higher ionic conductivity and better contact with electrodes as compared to pure oxide electrolytes and pure polymer electrolytes. In this work, we report a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

Lithium borate glasses prepared by melt-quench technique have been studied with a view to ascertain their structural and electrical properties. FTIR analysis of the present samples reveals the absence of boroxol rings, presence of structural units of lithium formed with oxygen and increase in the number of Non-Bridging Oxygens (NBOs) in the glass system. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant

Novel Sn nanoparticles embedded into the pyrolytic biochar from tea-seed shells composite powders labeled as Sn/C are successfully prepared by a simple calcination method, which are evaluated by FE-SEM, XRD, XPS and TG. Those results indicate that the Sn/C-1.5 composite powders with an optimal weight ratio of Na2SnO3 to pyrolytic biochar powders approximating to 1.5:1 can exhibit a stable structure

The kinetics of the heterogeneous solid state reaction between Al2O3 and Y2O3 is investigated by using thin film techniques. Y2O3 films are grown by means of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on single crystalline alumina substrates with a (0001) orientation. The solid state reactions are performed at a temperature of 1400 °C (1673 K). The cross sections of the reacted samples were investigated by means

The porous carbon has been synthesized with anthracite as the carbon precursor, NaCl as the template, NaOH as the activator, followed by high-temperature annealing. The coal-based graphene is successfully synthesized by the modified Hummers method. The structure and morphology characterizations of the as-synthesized coal-based carbon are performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy

A two-step solar thermochemical cycle was considered for air separation to produce N2 based on (Ba,La)xSr1-xFeO3-δ perovskite reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions for A-site fractions of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2. The cycle steps encompassed (1) thermal reduction and O2 release via concentrated solar input and (2) re-oxidation with air to uptake O2 and produce high-purity N2. Thermogravimetry at temperatures between

FeS2 has been widely studied and is considered as a promising Li-free cathode for the next generation high-energy-density lithium metal batteries. However, it has a fast capacity decay due to large volume expansion. Herein, with the aim to pre-expand the particle, a mild chemical prelithiation strategy is applied to obtain LixFeS2 cathode. It alleviates the electrode's volume variation during cycling

Lu-doped zirconia (LuDZ) was reported in the 1960s to be a poor oxygen ion conductor. However, we identified this system as worthy of reexamination based on the results of a machine learning-based screen for promising oxygen ion conductors, further supported by a physical argument: because Lu is the heaviest and smallest of the lanthanides, it should offer the possibility of high conductivity due to

The oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusivity of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ were determined by electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) in order to quantitively assess cathode performance for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). The measurements were performed at 600 °C, following pO2-step changes between 80 ppm to pure oxygen. The apparent value of surface exchange coefficient (k) and diffusion

Traditional reactive gas O2 was replaced by CO2 to fabricate carbon-doped tin oxide (SnOx-C) using pulse direct current magnetron sputtering (pDC-MS) with different Ar/CO2 flow ratios, the physical and electrochemical properties of SnOx-C films were characterized by X-ray reflection (XRR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), battery tester, et al. The results showed that CO2 gas would be decomposed

Layered nickel-rich ternary materials LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 have been deemed as the most practical candidates in the power battery industry on account of their high capacity and low cost. In the study, we investigated the modifying impacts of Y(PO3)3 on structure and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.1Mn0.3O2 (NCM613) material. The characterization results show that trace amounts of yttrium may

Understanding the electrochemical processes in all-solid-state lithium‑sulfur batteries is essential for designing high-performance devices. Here, the evolution of the electrochemical impedance spectra of an all-solid-state lithium‑sulfur battery during one charge/discharge cycle was quantitatively investigated with a reasonably established equivalent circuit. The impedance spectra could be decomposed

Na3Zr2Si2PO12 based solid electrolytes are well known materials because of their potential applications in different solid-state ionic devices. This review article presents the structural and transport results of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 based solid electrolytes prepared by different dry and wet methods known in the literature. The advantages and limitations of different synthesis methodologies to achieve the

LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 (NCM83) is considered as a potential cathode material owing to its high energy density and low cost, yet the discharge capacity decays rapidly with the cycles. Dual doping of Mg and Ti is used to improve electrochemical stability. MgxTixMn1-2x(OH)2+x is uniformly coated on the surface of precursor particles by co-precipitation method, and MgxTixMn1-2x diffuses evenly during the

As a potential solid-state electrolyte material, Li-containing A-site deficient perovskite oxides have attracted the attention of researchers because of their high Li-ion conductivity and the relationship between Li-ion conduction and structural characteristics, which has been intensively investigated. We have recently confirmed a quasi-periodic ordered arrangement of La and vacancies (Vac) at the

Boehmite particles with or without hydroxyls and those of different particle sizes were coated on PE membrane with water-based slurry, and properties of coated separators were characterized. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the uniformity and integrity of the coatings. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) were used to identify the phases