In order to investigate the relevant factors affecting the transport properties of solid oxide fuel cell cathodes upon coating with Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC), the surface oxygen exchange coefficient, k*, and oxide ion diffusivity, D*, of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) were measured by a combination of isotope exchange technique and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The

Although the space charge model is commonly used to explain the high grain boundary resistance in proton conducting yttrium-substituted BaZrO3, it fails in its simplest forms with factors 10–40 to fit experimental data with respect to the characteristic frequency of the grain boundary impedance. We suggest modifications to the model, somewhat improving its fit. Including trapping effects of protons

Three kinds of Co-free Ba0.5Sr0.5FeO3-δ (BSF), Pr0.5Ba0.5FeO3-δ (PBF), and Pr0.5Ba0.25Sr0.25FeO3-δ (PBSF) cathode materials (CMs) with cubic perovskite structure were prepared by combining EDTA-citrate process and solid state reaction. The lattice constant is the largest for BSF, and the smallest for PBSF due to the difference of Ba2+, Sr2+, and Pr3+ ionic radii. A good chemical compatibility was observed

Niobium tungsten oxide Nb16W5O55 is a competitive anode for lithium-ion batteries, while seldom research on low-temperature electrochemical properties. In this paper, Nb16W5O55 is synthesized by solid phase reaction and the effects of operation temperature (25, 0 and −20 °C) on the coulombic efficiency, cycling stability, rate capacity and crystal structure are studied in detail. At 25 °C, Nb16W5O55

As a promising candidate for large-scale electrical energy storage, sodium dual-ion battery (S-DIB) is attracting more and more interest owing to its merits of high voltage as well as the low cost and high abundance of sodium resources. It is highly crucial to develop suitable anode materials for large-scale practical applications of the S-DIBs. In this work, novel hierarchical MoSe2 yolk-shell spheres

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) has been extensively investigated for ultrafast ion storage due to its exceptional physicochemical properties such as high theoretical capacity, high mechanical strength and high chemical stability. In this study, we demonstrate that orthorhombic MoO3 nanoribbons, fabricated by simple hydrothermal method, exhibit ultrafast hydrogen-ion storage properties with a high specific

In order to reveal the conduction mechanisms of interstitial oxide ions (Oint ions) in neodymium silicate apatite, the low-energy sites and conduction pathways have been determined using first-principles calculations. Two inequivalent Oint sites are found close to the c axis and at the periphery of the O4 channel. The potential barriers of Oint ions are then evaluated by the nudged elastic band method

A new candidate Li-ion battery anode material, monoclinic M-Li4Ti5O12, has been prepared for the first time by ion-exchange from monoclinic M-Na4Ti5O12, and found to offer a stable electrochemical performance at rates of C/20 and 2C. The structural and electrochemical effects of transition metal M(III) doping of M-Na4Ti5O12 and Li4Ti5O12 have also been investigated. Doping was found to facilitate the

Modern and future products such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles require batteries with higher energy densities than that of conventional batteries. Anion redox-type active materials are proposed as a new high-capacity positive electrode material for Li-ion batteries with high energy density. We developed Li5AlO4 as an anion redox-type active material with a higher stability than that

The physicochemical properties of composite solid electrolytes based on ammonium salt of 12-phosphotungstic acid and calixarene[4]sulfonic acid, which are thermally stable up to 200 °C, with calixarene content from 0 to 100 mol% were investigated. The proton conductivity and the activation energy of the conductivity were found to exhibit two types of behavior. At calixarene content below 50 mol% the

Amorphous thin films of FePO4 and Fe4(P2O7)3 show excellent power capabilities and good stability as cathode materials in Li-ion batteries. Within our tested range of materials, 10 nm FePO4 shows the best results and can handle specific powers above 1 MW/kg. The thin films are deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and we studied the growth using in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) showing

Antimony (Sb) is a promising sodium-ion anode material due to sustaining a high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh g−1. However, the huge volumetric change of 293% leads to serious pulverization and poor cycling stability. Herein, we design micro-sized porous Sb (PSb) via one-step chemical vapor dealloying. The as-prepared PSb owns three-dimensional nano-skeleton and interconnected pores, which enables

In this research, the boron-doped graphene-decorated and carbon-coated LiFePO4 composite has been successfully designed and fabricated through a facile sol-gel approach followed by the thermal treatment. XRD results reveal that the as-fabricated composite shows a well-crystallized LiFePO4 phase without no other impurities. The well-dispersed carbon-coated LiFePO4 particles are embedded in the boron-doped

A detailed study of the morphological evolution of 2-dimensional LaF3 nanocrystals under the thermal treatment in air was performed. XRD, SEM, TEM and 19F MAS NMR techniques were used to characterize the aggregation process of nanocrystals. 19F NMR relaxometry and diffusometry were applied to investigate changes in the dynamics of the fluorine ions. Heating of nano-structured LaF3 above 800 K led to

Swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiated PVDF and (0.8)PVDF/(0.2)BaTiO3 films (thickness ~ 0.06 μm) have been studied as a separator for supercapacitors. Samples were irradiated by O6+ and Li3+ ions at fluence 2 × 1011 and 2 × 1012 ions/cm2, respectively. The irradiation-induced α → β phase transition in the PVDF polymer matrix, whereas complete amorphization in BaTiO3 filler is observed in nanocomposite films

In this work we studied the structural and dynamical properties of crystalline and amorphous Li3PO4/LiPON (four different materials) using computational approaches based on the Density-Functional Tight-Binding (DFTB) method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first DFTB study of Li3PO4/LiPON. We observed both apical (Na) and double-bridging (Nd), but not triple-bridging N (Nt) in crystalline

Alluaudite phases are very attractive as both cathode and electrolyte materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. In this work, the combined experimental and DFT studies have been performed to establish the diffusion mechanism in alluaudite-like compound Na5In(MoO4)4. The ionic conductivity was found to reach 3.3 × 10−4 S/сm at 687 K, with an activation energy of 0.66 eV. The sodium diffusion

We synthesized a polycrystalline LiTa2PO8 sample at 1323 K by a solid-state reaction. The crystal structure of LiTa2PO8 was examined by selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) techniques. Electrochemical impedance measurements showed that the total conductivity at room temperature was 4.85 × 10−4 S cm−1 and the activation energy was 0.52 eV. The high

As we all know, introducing crosslinking groups into the polymer chain can effectively improve the overall performance of proton exchange membranes, which are for the formation of intermolecular three-dimensional network. In this work, side-chain nitrile-based cross-linked sulfonated poly(arylene ether nitrile) (SPEN) membrane is expected to be an ideal material for preparing proton exchange membranes

The search for new materials that could improve the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIB) is one of today's most challenging issues. Recently, cation-disordered lithium-excess metal oxides have emerged as a promising new class of cathode materials for LIB, due to their high reversible capacities and nice structural stability. However, a full structural model of the Li-transition metal (TM) sharing

LiAlSiO4 (LAS) was added to Li6.75La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLZNO) to improve its lithium ionic conductivity for the first time. After the addition of 1 wt% LAS, the lithium ionic conductivity of LLZNO increased from 1.21 × 10−4 S cm−1 to 6.93 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature (25 °C). The relative density also increased from 80% to 94% and the critical current density (CCD) has been improved. Scanning electron

LixLa(1−x)/3NbO3 single crystals with various Li compositions (x = 0.05–0.15) were grown via the travelling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) method. The electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and inductively couple plasma (ICP) analyses revealed that there is Li evaporation from the molten zone during crystal growth due to high temperature treatment. However, the Li concentration in the grown crystals increased

The hydrogen gas sensing mechanism of GaN nanowire surface, especially Pt-decorated surface are investigated utilizing first principle calculations. Various models with respect to the redox process on GaN nanowire and Pt-decorated surfaces are built. The results indicate that Pt decoration can effectively promote the oxidation and reduction process. Atoms in deeper atomic layer will participate in

Li ion conducting garnet electrolytes are attracting considerable interest for potential use in all solid state batteries. Nevertheless, their synthesis can be challenging due to the high temperatures required leading to significant Li loss, and consequently the need to add excess Li to counteract this. In this work, we report a low temperature biopolymer sol-gel route to synthesise these garnet materials

It is well-known that there are three phases of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ), namely, tetragonal, low temperature cubic (LT-cubic) and high temperature cubic (HT-cubic) phases. Among them, the HT-cubic phase shows the highest Li ion conductivity, but it is unstable at room temperature. Thus, heteroatoms such as Al and Ga are substituted to stabilize the HT-cubic phase. In this study, the stabilization of the

A hot-pressing process is applied to improve sinterbility of NASICON (Na ion conductor)-type of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) solid electrolyte prepared by sol-gel method. During the hot-pressing process, amorphilization caused by Li loss and reduction of LAGP is observed due to a contact with a carbon mold. To compensate the Li loss, addition of 15% LiNO3 into LAGP powder before the hot-pressing is

Coordination polymers (CPs) have shown promising potential as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, their practical applications are plagued by poor cyclability and unsatisfactory rate performance. Herein, a composite, combining a novel Ce-Co bimetallic coordination polymer with cerium dioxide and graphene nanoplatelets (Ce-Co-CP/CeO2/G), is synthesized and applied as anode

In order to develop suitable cathodes for practical magnesium rechargeable batteries, it is important to understand the differences between the mechanisms of lithium ions and magnesium ions insertion/extraction reactions in cathode materials. We used olivine-type FePO4 as a model material to examine the mechanism of magnesium ions insertion/extraction reactions by performing galvanostatic measurements

Structure integrity of electrodes can be broken by the diffusion induced stresses (DISs) leading to a significant degradation of storage capacity and cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, the effects of adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the Tin (Sn)-based nanocomposite active plate bonded to the current collector on the DISs and curvature of bilayer electrodes are numerically

The current research investigates the phase separation phenomenon in (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95(CrxFe1-x)O3±δ (LSCrF) under the fabrication and processing conditions of Oxygen Transport Membranes (OTM). The research employs an integrated thermodynamics approach with the focus on changes in crystal structures and phase stability on Cr-rich perovskites. The chemical stability has been examined under high temperatures

Nanofibers have been widely used for the construction of proton channels in proton exchange membranes (PEMs), and the optimization and control of proton channels have become a focus in this research area. In this work, we design and fabricate optimized and efficient proton transport channels in PEMs by introducing of sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) nanofiber with amino–modified SiO2 protuberance structures

With the aim of probing the influence of the highly oxidizable selenium in the electrochemically inactive cathode Li2MnO3 material, samples were prepared with selenium substitution in the manganese coordination according to the general formula of Li2Mn1-xSexO3. In Li-ion batteries, oxygen instabilities are one of the major problems confronted that effect the performances of the cathode materials. The

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM) materials with surface modification by Li2TiO3 (LTO), Li2ZrO3 (LZO) and Li2TiO3-Li2ZrO3 (LTZO) coatings are successfully synthesized via a simple wet chemical method and proper heat-treatment process. The crystal structure, surface morphology, valence states and electrochemical properties of different modified NCM materials are investigated by the means of X-ray diffraction

Herein, porous Li4Ti5O12 has been prepared by a facile sol-gel process with poly(ethylene oxide) used as a phase separation inducer, which presents a novel micro/nano structure with micro-sized secondary structure (2–5 μm) constructed by many interconnected nano-sized primary components (30–60 nm). As an anode material for lithium ion batteries, the as-prepared Li4Ti5O12 exhibits good cycling stability

The new strategies of introducing lithium ions into nickel‑manganese‑cobalt carbonate resulting in LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) cathode material for Li-ion batteries were described. The proposed novel method is based on the co-precipitation of nickel‑manganese‑cobalt carbonate followed by wet impregnation with solutions of selected lithium salts (hydroxide, acetate or nitrate). The results of detailed

The mobility of Na+ ions in Na3+xSc2(SiO4)x(PO4)3−x (0.1 < x < 0.8) was investigated by temperature-dependent 23Na NMR spectroscopy and relaxometry. These measurements are probing the local motion of the Na+ ions and give information about the average hopping rate of the ions and the activation barriers these ions have to overcome for single jumps. The results are compared with those obtained by impedance

PrBa2Cu3O6+δ (P) and PrBa1.5Sr0.5Cu3O6+δ (PS) layered perovskite-type oxides are synthesized and characterized as oxygen electrodes in IT-SOFCs. The layered structure of P and PS compounds is constituted by the regular alternation along the crystallographic c axis of PrO planes, Cu2+ chains (CN = 4) and Cu3+ pyramidal (CN = 5) layers. Interesting features of the PrBa2Cu3O6+δ structure are the absence

Muon dynamics in phosphosilicate proton conductors P2O5-SiO2 with a composition 30 mol% phosphorus oxide (30P) have been studied as a function of temperature using muon spin relaxation. For materials heat treated at 300 °C the muons implant at sites close to P-OH groups associated with water molecules. While in 1000 °C heat treated samples the muons are trapped at sites involving a bridging oxygen

The surface oxygen exchange coefficient (k*) and the oxide ion diffusivity (D*) in the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) related perovskite materials with various strontium (Sr) and cobalt (Co) compositions were determined by a combination of isotope exchange (IE) technique and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Results show that the derived values of k* and D* decrease with decreasing Sr and Co

The structural properties of Bi0.75Pr0.25O1.5 have been investigated by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction as a function of temperature up to around 800 °C. A layered rhombohedral structure is confirmed throughout the temperature range studied, with an order-disorder type phase transition (β2 ↔ β1) at ca. 730 °C. This transition is accompanied by partial migration of the oxide ions from the fluorite-like

A series of mixed ionic-electronic conductors (SrBa)1-xPrx(CuTi)0.2Fe0.8O3-δ ((SB)1-xPxCTF, x = 0–1.0, with interval of 0.2) are synthesized. A single cubic perovskite structure is obtained for x = 0–0.8 while secondary phases are observed for x = 1. With increasing Pr content, the electrical conductivity of dense (SB)1-xPxCTF increases significantly while the thermal expansion coefficient decreases