Abstract The cascade multiplication of atoms in a solid target is considered theoretically for different types of scattering cross section. The solution of the transport equation in some cases is found in an analytical form, in others it is reduced to numerical integration. Formulas are obtained for the energy distribution and the total number of cascade atoms, as well as for the total cascade energy

Abstract In this work, an electron microscopic study of the surface of a high-entropy alloy (HEA) of the Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni system obtained by wire-arc additive manufacturing and modified with a pulsed electron beam is performed. It is shown that the alloy is a polycrystalline aggregate with a grain size of (4–15) µm and has a non-equiatomic composition with a high content of Al and Ni. It is established

Abstract We study the influence of an antimony sublayer (10 nm) on the structure and galvanomagnetic properties of bismuth–antimony films with an antimony content of 3 and 5 at %, up to 1-µm thick, obtained by discrete vacuum evaporation, as well as films recrystallized by the zone-melting method. When using an antimony sublayer, blocks with a significant deviation of the trigonal axis from the normal

Abstract Currently, heavy tungsten alloys are widely used in many areas of industry, the most common of them is the alloy W–Ni–Fe 95. This alloy has a very high density and wear resistance, which makes it difficult to process and reuse it. The urgency of recycling this alloy is associated with the presence of expensive alloying components, such as W and Ni, in its composition. One of the most promising

Abstract— The diffuse reflection spectra (in the range of 300–1000 nm) of polypropylene modified with aluminum-oxide nanoparticles in the concentration range of 1–5 wt %, its integrated absorption coefficient of solar radiation, as well as their change after electron irradiation (E = 30 keV, Φ = 2 × 1016 cm–2) are studied. The optimal concentration of nanoparticles (2 wt %), at which the radiation

Abstract In a time interval of 10 μs, a system containing 128 molecules of dilinoleoyl phosphatidylcholine and water molecules as a solvent is modeled by the molecular dynamics method using the coarse-grained approach. The structure of the phospholipid bilayer, stable for 10 μs, is obtained.

Abstract The classical motion of particles in external fields is frequently chaotic although deterministic within the classical limit. Studying the quantum mechanical behavior of such systems amounts to the problematics of quantum chaos. Quantum chaos manifests itself primarily in the statistical properties of the energy-level arrays of such systems. However, the typical objects under consideration

Abstract The results of studying the resistivity, magnetoresistance, and Hall coefficient of thin films of bismuth and the bismuth–antimony system on a borosilicate-glass substrate under plane tensile strain are presented. Deformation is created by a specially developed method that allows a change in its magnitude directly during measurement of the film properties. The films are obtained by thermal

Abstract A model is proposed in which localized light propagation is described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with abruptly varying parameters and a positive coefficient of quadratic nonlinearity, as well as with a point potential simulating the interaction of excitations with the interface between waveguide layers. An exact solution of the equation is found and its parameters are analyzed depending

Abstract A brief description of the ion-beam analytical complex used for the work is given. The possibilities of elemental analysis of the materials as a result of using the methods of Rutherford ion backscattering and X‑ray fluorescence under ionic excitation are shown. A brief description of these methods and the conditions for their implementation is given. It is shown that the highest efficiency

Abstract Films of single-walled carbon nanotubes are promising for various electro-optical applications. Their engineering at the nanoscale requires a robust method of the contactless, non-invasive determination of structural properties. Here we present a study that uses specular reflectometry for this purpose, namely to determine the film thickness. Analysis of the reflection coefficient of neutrons

Abstract The feasibility of using layers of metallic chromium as a switching material for a medium-temperature thermoelectric CrSi2 is investigated. The CrSi2/Cr samples are synthesized by the hot pressing of a fine electrolytic chromium powder with single-crystal and polycrystalline chromium disilicide, followed by high-temperature annealing. X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy

Abstract A method is proposed to calculate the microscopic residual stresses in extruded cylindrical samples of non-ageing aluminium alloy 5083 (Al–Mg), arising from quenching in fresh water from 530°C. We start from the premise that the alloy is single-phase and non-isotropic on a microscopic scale; it consists of many grains that exhibit different mechanical response depending on their crystallographic

Abstract— An approach and an algorithm to find the orientation of the pore space of oil and gas reservoir rocks are proposed based on contrast cathodoluminescence images of the surface of polished sections of the rocks obtained using a scanning electron microscope. The microstructural orientation of the pores is found from electron microscopic images of various rocks with a complex pore-space structure

Abstract The transmission, reflection, and luminescence spectra of two types of samples of a cholesteric photonic crystal are measured: with the orientation of the n director specified by the surface of the optical cell, and when the n director is disoriented on the cell surface. In samples with surface orientation, a perfect helical structure is formed with characteristic features of the luminescence

Abstract— The effect of lithium on the structural-phase state of aerospace aluminum alloy 1421 of the Al–Mg–Li system prepared by rapid solidification is studied. Analysis of the composition of the surface layers of alloy samples carried out by means of nuclear reaction analysis establishes that lithium diffuses to the surface at elevated treatment temperatures and its concentration in a thin surface

Abstract A simple and inexpensive metal-catalyzed technique has verified the efficiency of texturing p-type Si wafer at room temperature. This method facilitates the etching of p-type silicon in a solution of HF with the assistance of addition HNO3 as an oxidizing agent to the solution. Electroless deposition of Ag was accomplished on p-type Si (100) surface before immersion in the etchant solution

Abstract The paper presents two methods for identifying microstructural heterogeneities on the surface of OFAM-K and OPMN-P nanofiltration membranes. Optical microscopy in combination with the AutoCad 2016 computer-aided design system and standard Microsoft Excel 2010 tools allows one to investigate microstructural heterogeneities of initial samples of OPMN-P and OFAM-K nanofiltration membranes. A

Abstract Proper determination of the type and mobility of pollutants is essential for the correct assessment of the environmental risk of soil pollution. The article provides a review of publications on the issue and reveals information on various high-tech methods based on the use of synchrotron radiation, capable of identifying the main mechanisms responsible for the mobility of pollutants in soil

Abstract A series of works on the application of biologically active coatings (hydroxyapatite (HAP), fluorapatite) to matrices of different structures and porosity (porous and compact titanium and nickel, glass, ceramics) are carried out. The possibility of using a colloidal suspension of HAP and an aqueous suspension of crystalline apatite in combination with gelatin as a bioactive material is studied

Abstract The crystal structure, electronic and optical properties of lead-free mixed halide inorganic perovskites, CsSnI3–xBrx (x = 0, 1, 2, 3), were studied within the framework of density functional theory. The effective electron-electron exchange correlation functional and, modified Becke–Johnson potential, were used for calculations of electronic and optical properties. The calculated optical parameters

Ceramics based on partially stabilized zirconium dioxide are widely used in dentistry. The surface of a ceramic product is subjected to aerodynamic abrasive processing for reliable durable fixing before applying polymer cement. The mechanical properties of a machined thin ceramic layer are largely determined by its phase composition. The method of X-ray phase analysis is used to study the effect of

This work presents the results of studying hydrophobized silica gel Fluka 100 C8 + C1 with additional chemical surface modification by single-link alkylsilane. The material is studied by low-temperature nitrogen sorption and liquid porometry, including additional liquid porometry methods. The results of studying the system without additional modification are also presented. All results are presented

The polytherms of density, the surface tension of melts of the Cu–Al system and wetting angles of Ni–Cr, Co–Cr, 25Cr18N9C2 stainless steel and titanium substrates are studied using the lying drop method. The drop contour is processed using modern information technologies, in particular, using the ImageJ software package. Equations for the polytherms of density and surface tension of the melts of the

Abstract A model found by finite element method was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics to describe the evolution of residual stress after quenching of cylindrical samples of aluminium alloys AA2014 and AA5083. The treatment consisted of annealing followed by quenching in fresh water. The thermal and mechanical properties of both alloys at the annealing and room temperatures were taken into account. A

Abstract— The formation of thin single-crystal films of Li, Cs, Rb, and Ba silicides, formed during the implantation of ions in Si(111) and Si(100) with a low energy (<5 keV) and a large dose (~1017cm–2) are studied by electron spectroscopy and slow electron diffraction. It is established that the implantation of Li, Cs, Rb, and Ba ions with an energy of 1 keV and a dose of 2 × 1017 cm–2 with subsequent

Abstract Study of the preferred orientation of biological materials (bones, shells, etc.) is the use of crystallographic methods in biophysics to search for new possibilities in materials science. Much attention is paid to the texture of the bivalve mollusk shells. However, for a qualitative systematic investigation of the preferred crystallographic orientation of these shells, it is necessary to examine

Investigations of the structure and properties of two groups of Al–Mg alloy samples produced by 3D technologies are carried out. Tests up to failure are carried out under conditions of uniaxial tension of proportional flat specimens. Before testing, one of the groups of samples is irradiated with a pulsed electron beam in the mode of melting a thin (up to 45 μm) surface layer. The intermittent nature

The paper presents the results of measuring the thermopower and resistivity of bismuth films in the thickness range from 1 μm to 10 nm, obtained by thermal evaporation in vacuum. The study is carried out in the temperature range 77–300 K by a method excluding the introduction of additional deformation into the film-substrate system by elements of the measuring cell. Plates of single-crystal mica (muscovite)

The results of studying the profiles of the distribution of nickel atoms implanted in silicon by the Rutherford backscattering method depending on the irradiation dose and annealing temperature are presented. The effect of thermal annealing on the distribution of nickel and, in particular, oxygen is studied. It is proved that under certain conditions of heat treatment and radiation doses, so-called

Abstract In this paper, the results of investigating thin films of rare-earth helimagnetics (REMs) Dy and Ho by polarized neutron reflectometry are presented. It is shown that the growth by magnetron sputtering of rare-earth structures on sapphire substrates with a buffer layer Nb \(\left[ {1\bar {1}02} \right]\) Al2O3||[110]Nb||\(\left[ {0001} \right]R\) leads to complete relaxation of the Nb crystal

Abstract We have experimentally and theoretically characterised silicon-glass Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) devices doped with cobalt atoms. Under anomalous scattering condition near the SiL-edges and CoK-edge we have proved the coherent excitation and the axial propagation of the induced fluorescence radiation inside micro-channels. Chemical modification of the MCP inner surface shows the efficient transmission

Abstract— The influence of the parameters of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on its calibration using test objects with a trapezoidal profile and large inclination angles of the side walls is studied. The focusing of the SEM probe and the energy of its electrons affect SEM calibration in the modes of collecting secondary slow electrons and backscattered electrons. It is shown that the microscope

Abstract The results of experimental studies of the surface roughness and the microstructure of high-speed steel R6M5 after gas-laser cutting are presented. It is shown that the parameters the surface roughness obtained in the case of the studied samples correspond to typical values of the surface-roughness parameters after such types of machining as turning or grinding operations. In the course of

Abstract The effect of the formation of numerous pits on the surface of polished polycrystalline and single-crystal Mo mirrors after their successive irradiation with He and Ar ions in a gas discharge is found. The pits have the shape of round holes and long multidirectional linear grooves, the maximum depth of which is equal to the thickness of the layer damaged during polishing. The shape of the

Abstract Based on analysis and generalization of the results of studies of the surface (acid-base and adsorption) properties of components of the GaSb–ZnTe system, the regularities of their changes with varying composition are established; it is found that they may both obey Vegard’s rule (exhibit a smooth character) and deviate from it (exhibit an extreme character). The reasons for the appearance

Measurements of the roughness parameters and fractal dimension of the surface of Cu/Co superlattices are carried out by scanning tunneling microscopy. The fractal analysis of the superlattice surface shows that the fractal-dimension curve can be divided into two sections with different slopes depending on the scanning step. On the fractal-dimension curve, two intervals can be distinguished that define

Based on machine-learning algorithms, a method is developed for determining the structural parameters of the components of a mixture from X-ray absorption spectra. For each component, a database of spectra is constructed for all possible deformations of its structure. The machine-learning method implemented in the PyFitIt software package allows quick calculation of the spectrum for deformations of

Abstract The neutron reflectometry method is used to measure the spatial profile of the potential of interaction between neutrons and a medium. At the interface between media, the interaction potential is the sum of potentials of individual isotopes. Neutrons and gamma radiation emitted by the atomic nuclei of an element are recorded to determine the potential of interaction between neutrons and individual

Abstract— Nanoparticle formation in silicon subsequently doped with Zn and О ions and annealed in vacuum is presented in this paper. Standard n-type Si plates with the (100) orientation, a thickness of 380 nm, and a diameter of 76 mm and grown by the Czochralski method are implanted with 64Zn+ ions with a dose of 5 × 1016 cm–2 and an energy of 50 keV and with 16О+ ions with a dose of 2 × 1017 cm–2

Abstract— The effect of low-temperature annealing on the capacity–voltage and current–voltage characteristics of silicon-carbide-based semiconductor devices irradiated with 0.9-MeV electrons and 25-MeV protons are studied. Commercial high-voltage (a blocking voltage of 1700 V) integrated 4H-SiC Schottky diodes are used. It is established for the first time that, for both types of irradiation used,

Abstract The temperature dependence of the relative dielectric losses of an irradiated KCl–Ag crystal is investigated. It is established that neutral complex defects are caused by different types of relaxation oscillators and have different structures. The quasi-oscillating temperature dependence of the relative concentration of neutral complex defects, which cause dielectric losses at different frequencies

Abstract The deceleration of fast heavy ions in matter to a complete stop is accompanied by a change in their equilibrium mean charge, which depends on the velocity that decreases as the distance passed increases. A method is proposed for calculating the dependence of the mean ion charge on the thickness of the passed layer of matter, based on the previously proposed power-law approximation for inelastic

Abstract Cd0.6Ba0.4S nanostructures are obtained by the implantation of Ba+ ions and subsequent annealing on the surface and in the surface region of CdS films. The parameters of the energy bands and the density of electronic states in the valence band are determined. With a decrease in the surface dimensions of the nanocrystalline phases of Cd0.6Ba0.4S from 30 to 15 nm, the band gap Eg is shown to

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry is used to study the emission of negative ions from clusters of gallium, gallium nitride, and GaN/SiC dopants depending on the energy of the bombarding cesium ions, as well as on the substrate temperature. The emission of negative ions of clusters is shown to exponentially depend on the energy of bombarding ions in the threshold sputtering region, which confirms

Abstract Nanophases and films of SiO2 and metal silicides are obtained by the low-energy (E0 = 1–5 keV) implantation of \({\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}^{{\text{ + }}},\) Ba+, Cu+ and Co+ ions followed by annealing on the surface of a free Si/Cu (100) nanofilm system. Their surface morphology, composition, energy-band parameters, the maximum value of the secondary-electron-emission coefficient, and the quantum

Abstract The work is devoted to the study of the features of the formation of modified surface layers in the electrolytic-plasma coating of the surface of 20GL steel used for the manufacture of parts of a railroad train. The results of the investigation of the effect of the electrolytic-plasma coating on the morphology and the structural-phase state of the surface, the dislocation structure of 20GL

Abstract The results of X-ray studies of samples of purified and thermally modified shungite carbon are presented. The quantitative characteristics of short-range order are determined, and 3D models of regions of short-range ordering are presented. It is found that the structure of these regions can be described by turbostratic models, which are sets of five distorted graphene sheets, disoriented relative

Abstract Changes in the morphology of the vanadium surface are studied as a result of the separate and sequential action of helium ions (for an energy of 30 keV, a dose of 1.0 × 1022 m–2, an ion-flux density of 4.8 × 1018 m–2 s –1, and a temperature of ~500 K) and high-power pulsed laser radiation in the Q-switched mode (power density of q = 1.2 × 1012 W/m2, pulse duration of τ0 = 50 ns, and a pulse

Abstract The paper presents a technique for calculating information-correlation characteristics based on the methods of average mutual information and two-dimensional detrended fluctuation analysis. The experimental samples are structures with an array of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown without a cover layer by gas-phase epitaxy from metalorganic compounds. The microstructure of the sample

Abstract The influence of the heterointerface on the energy spectrum of shallow and deep centers is considered. Formulas are obtained for broadening of the impurity-center energy and the electron lifetime in the quasistationary state. The corresponding analytical formulas obtained in other works are refined. It is shown that in this case the effective radius of a shallow center is not its Bohr radius

Abstract— A comparative study of nanosystems based on the biogenic element selenium in the zero-valent form (Se0) and amphiphilic molecular brushes (graft-CP) with a hydrophobic polyimide backbone and hydrophilic side chains of polymethacrylic acid is performed using atomic force microscope, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It is shown that the morphological and spectral characteristics

Abstract— Two-dimensional and four-dimensional reinforced carbon–carbon composite materials based on carbon structural filament are prepared via the isostatic carbonization of a coal tar pitch. The difference between the crystalline state of a reinforcing fiber and a coke matrix is assessed with X-ray diffraction analysis. A change in the level of the surface resistivity depending on the density of

Abstract— The electrochemical behavior of sintered materials from powder aluminum, its compositions with copper (1, 2, and 3%), and coatings on their surfaces formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO), is studied in a 3% NaCl solution. The values of the anodic and cathodic current densities on the polarization dependences for compact aluminum samples are approximately 4 and 2 times lower compared to sintered

Abstract This paper describes systematic measurements of the main parameters of the DIMEX-Si silicon microstrip detector prototype, designed to study fast processes in a beam of synchrotron radiation (SR). The dynamic range, spatial resolution and temporal parameters of the detector are estimated. The parameters of the prototype silicon detector are compared with the DIMEX-G gas version. The maximum

Abstract Using selective dissolution, we create α-Fe/DyPrFeCoB microwires with a parabolic tip for focusing the magnetic flux and enhancing the magnetic attraction of particles. The conditions for sharpening the end of the microwire by etching with HNO3 and with mixtures of HNO3 + HCl and H2SO4 + HNO3 are also optimized. The magnetic force of a single microwire with a pointed end (up to 880 pN) makes

Abstract We perform submicron corrugation of the surface of nongraphitized (processing temperature 1400°C) and graphitized (processing temperature 2800°C) Zoltek PX35 polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers by high-fluence irradiation with nitrogen and argon ions with an energy of 30 keV. The microgeometry of the surfaces of nongraphitized and graphitized carbon fibers irradiated with nitrogen ions is characterized

Abstract— The experimentally studied surface morphology of films of the Heusler alloy Fe2CoAl is compared to the theory of the formation of the fractal surface of films. This theory is based on the Cauchy problem for the simplified Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation. It is shown that for the initial fractal shape of the film it can be solved immediately by applying the Oleinik–Lax principle (a weak solution

Abstract— A method based on experimental data, theoretical models, and the empirical evaluation of experimental parameters in the equilibrium charge distribution of ions is proposed to evaluate charge-changing cross sections. This method makes it possible to obtain cross sections (recommended for estimations) for the loss and capture of one or several electrons in gas and solid targets with inclusion

Abstract We have studied changes in the structural parameters of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) unilamellar vesicles at a concentration series 0–30 mM of divalent metal cations Ca2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The membrane structural parameters (thickness and area per lipid) were obtained at different concentrations of cations in the gel and fluid