Abstract The Sonix package is the main instrument control software at the IBR-2 reactor. It was originated in the beginning of 1990s for the Neutron Spectrometer with High Resolution (beam 6A of IBR-2). Later the complex was transferred to other instruments, including those located outside Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics. A little bit less than 20 installations are in operation now. When developing

Abstract The European Spallation Source is being built in Lund, Sweden and it’s planned to be the brightest pulsed spallation source for thermal and cold neutrons (<1 eV). Neutrons will be produced by a 2 GeV accelerated proton beam hitting a tungsten target wheel, then they are moderated by liquid hydrogen and water based moderator system and delivered to 42 beam-ports. Neutrons are transported via

Abstract One of the features of direct laser metal deposition (DLMD) method is presence of high residual stress in produced parts. The information about residual stress distribution is critically important for the competent organization of production processes in additive manufacturing. To study residual stress distribution in large thin-walled parts produced by DLMD, two model samples were manufactured

Abstract Neutron diffraction has been used to investigate the stress field in two different welds developed for nuclear applications, namely those obtained by tungsten inert gas welding of P91 martensitic steel (Cr 9, Mn 6, Mo 1, C 0.1, and Fe bal wt %) and hybrid (laser beam and gas metal arc) welding of AISI316LN austenitic steel (17.8 Cr, 12.3 Ni, 1.7 Mn, 2.4 Mo, 0.3 Si, and Fe bal wt %). The sizes

Abstract A new method of phase recovery in neutron reflectometry is proposed based on the use of the Gd reference layer deposited on the top of an “unknown” layered structure. The idea of the method is to apply the energy dependence of neutron scattering length density to change the reference layer properties. Using three reflectivity curves at different neutron energies, the modulus and phase of the

Abstract It is proposed to perform an experiment to observe the Goos–Hänchen shift during total reflection from a simple resonant system. The main features of the proposed experimental approach are the use of a resonant system that provides a significant increase in the longitudinal shift of the reflected beam, and the presence of an absorber that stops part of the reflected beam in case of its shift

Abstract Time-of-flight in situ neutron reflectometry (i-NR) on Si/[57Fe(x nm)/natFe(x nm)]4/Pt with x = 4 and 8 nm multilayers during consecutive heat treatments at 423, 448, 473 and 498 K reveal an unexpected rearrangement of free volumes and an interface smoothening in the isotopic Fe multilayer below 473 K, before the regime of regular Bragg intensity decay starts. The bilayer period dependence

Abstract The TEX texture diffractometer, transferred to the PIK reactor, requires significant adaptation to incorporate it into the existing and planned infrastructure. The problems that have arisen, their solutions, and the results achieved are discussed.

Abstract Neutrons appear to be ideal test particles to search for non-Newtonian gravity at micrometer separations, as with their vanishing electrostatic sensitivity they avoid many of the problems appearing with other test masses. Over the past decade, the qBounce collaboration has developed a technique named gravity resonance spectroscopy (GRS) that allows probing the bound states of ultracold neutrons

Abstract In this article, we consider some mechanisms of the formation of a nanometer-thick surface layer enriched with 14C isotope. Main channel of 14C surface accumulation is believed to be the neutron capture reaction with 14N atoms of the cooling gas mixture during operation of uranium-graphite reactors, in particular, a high-power channel-type reactor (RBMK-type reactor). For the “dry” collection

Abstract A 3He spin filter is a useful device for polarizing a neutron beam. We are developing the 3He spin filters for users of the material and life science facility of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J‑PARC). An in situ SEOP system with a 3He polarization evaluation system using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method of adiabatic fast passage and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)

Abstract The existence of a new fundamental interaction has long been discussed in literature, making it possible to extend the frames of Standard Model. In this work, the applicability of neutron scattering to the search for new internucleon short-range forces is analyzed for the interaction radius of 10–8 < λ < 10–13 m. The coupling constant constraints are obtained using the existing data on silicon

Abstract The long lasting interest in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) relies on the combination of fundamental science and the potential for spintronics applications. Despite the large body of experimental and theoretical studies carried out in the past decades, there are ongoing controversies about high-TC ferromagnetic DMS. This paper summarizes the results of the few investigations performed

Abstract The structure of detonation nanodiamond clusters formed by grafting of metal ions was studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Detonation nanodiamond particles grafted by Eu atoms are located closer to each other and pack more regularly.

Abstract Russian systems of intermediate separation and superheating of steam, operated as part of steam turbines of all nuclear power plants, operate with an insufficient level of reliability and efficiency. Design temperatures of overheating steam are not reached in most cases. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the working processes occurring in the apparatus: the flow of superheated wet

Abstract We investigate the lattice dynamics of frame-cluster dodecaborides ZrB12 and LuB12 in the framework of the electron density functional theory. Our ab initio calculations are performed using the Quantum Espresso package, with PAW-type pseudopotentials. We compute the phonon properties, such as phonon dispersions and atom-projected densities of states. A comparison is made with a few available

Abstract Lithium–indium diselenide (LiInSe2) is a new semiconductor material, sensitive to the thermal neutrons. LiInSe2 compound was synthesized from Li (99.99%), In (99.999%) and Se (99.999%). The growth of LiInSe2 single crystals was performed using the vertical option of Bridgman–Stockbarger method. The crystals were characterized using the electrical conductivity and optical spectroscopy methods

Abstract There are several theoretical approaches for describing the cut-off effect on small-angle scattering curves of mass fractals because of the finite size of the scattering object (e.g., developed cluster of nanoparticles). The problem is to relate the power-law scattering, I(q) = Bq–D (corresponding to the fractal dimension D), at high q-values with the Gunier approximation, I(q) = G exp(\(

Abstract The magnetic and structural transitions in rhombohedral La0.7Sr0.3Co1 – xNbxO3 and cubic La0.3Sr0.7Co1 – xNbxO3 have been studied as a function of Nb content and temperature by using of neutron and X-ray diffraction. The increase in the Nb concentration leads to the gradual increase in the lattice volume and significant decrease in the magnetic moment which completely disappears at the niobium

Abstract A Ni–Cr anode, dip coated with Ce oxide for increasing the resistance to sulfur poisoning of high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell, has been investigated by neutron diffraction. Crystallographic characterization of the phases present in this anode has been obtained by Rietveld refinement. In the substrate Ni–Cr is detected, with Fm\(\bar {3}\)m structure and weight volume fraction of

AbstractThe methods of atomic-force- and scanning-electron microscopy are used to study the surface morphology of polymeric microfiltration membranes. Commercial membranes of the MFFK (on the basis of a hydrophobic fluoroplastic composite membrane, pore size of 0.45 μm) and MPS (polyethersulfone membrane, pore size of 0.45 μm) brands produced by OOO NPP Tekhnofil’tr (Vladimir, Russia) are used as the

AbstractThe effect of atomic ordering on the angular distribution of the sputtering of the (001) face of a Ni4Mo single crystal irradiated with 10-keV Ar ions is studied using molecular-dynamics simulation and experimentally. It is shown that, in the case of a disordered crystal, both the Ni and Mo components are ejected in the same crystallographic direction. In the case of an ordered crystal, Mo

AbstractWe consider a two-parameter regression model based on the Fowler–Nordheim equation, which is classical for the field of field electron emission. The optimal parameter values are determined by the least-squares method. The characteristics of the confidence intervals are evaluated as part of a statistical experiment. We pay attention to the accuracy of estimates, the boundaries of individual

AbstractA new approach is proposed for recording reciprocal space maps near the Bragg reflection using an adaptive bending element of X-ray optics based on a bidomain monolithic crystal of lithium niobate, which is necessary for time-resolved studies of the defect structure of single crystals on laboratory X-ray sources. The proposed method is tested on a silicon crystal under static uniaxial mechanical

AbstractThe effect of bismuth on the structural perfection of elastically strained AlGaInSbBi epitaxial layers grown on InSb substrates in a temperature gradient field is studied. The optimal parameters of the growth process of AlGaInSbBi(InSb) epitaxial layers with high structural perfection and minimum roughness are revealed: 0.05 < \(x_{{{\text{Bi}}}}^{s}\) < 0.2 mole fraction, temperature gradient

AbstractThe surface morphology of 100-nm textured Pt films subjected to ion-plasma treatment (IPT) in argon plasma with an Ar-ion energy of 25–200 eV is investigated using a scanning tunneling microscope. As-deposited films are characterized by close values of the surface roughness and average grain size, but their texture strength are different. It is found that IPTs with an ion energy of 25–65 eV

AbstractAngular dependences of the surface layer composition and the sputtering yield of silicon upon irradiation of the surface with a focused beam of gallium ions with an energy of 30 keV are obtained. The surface composition is analyzed by scanning Auger electron spectroscopy (SAES) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The sputtering yields are determined by measuring the volume of sputtering

AbstractSome features of the electron exchange between ions and a metal surface caused by its atomic structure are studied. The simulation is based on three-dimensional implementation of the wave-packet propagation method using pseudopotentials describing the metal at the atomic level. Three-dimensional pseudopotentials for the Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) surfaces, which reproduce well-known electron-exchange

AbstractThe problem of increasing the accuracy of an electron-diffraction experiment, on which the reliability of studying the nature of chemical bonding and the distributions of the electrostatic potential in nano-objects by this method depends, is solved. For this, a recording system was created on the basis of an EMR-102 electron diffractometer, which operates in the single-electron mode with high

AbstractSimulation of the irradiation of crystalline silicon with low-energy (50—500 eV) noble-gas ions (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) is performed using the molecular-dynamics method with damage accumulation. The analysis of structural changes in the near-surface layers of the material demonstrates significant differences between the mechanisms of silicon damage by light and heavy particles. It is shown that

AbstractTheoretical explanation of the experimentally discovered effect of a decrease in the excitation energy of surface and volume plasma oscillations of valence Si (111) electrons during the implantation of Ba and alkaline-element ions with a large dose of D > 1016 cm–2 is presented in this paper. On the basis of a two-fluid model of the electron gas, the observed effect of a decrease in the Si(111)

AbstractZinc-oxide powders consisting of spherical hollow particles are obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Comparative analysis of the diffuse reflectance spectra and their changes after irradiation with 100-keV protons of powders of micrometer-sized hollow and bulk particles of zinc oxide is carried out. We present the results of the physical and mathematical simulation of the interaction of a low-energy

AbstractThe effect of the introduction of additives of low-melting alloying elements in antifriction aluminum alloys on a change in the surface after tribological tests is estimated. Compositions are described and sample preparation is performed. For the study, a combination of electron microscopy methods (with elemental analysis) and probe microscopy (with the modes of spreading current and thermal-conductivity

Abstract An instrument capable of assessing the hardness of materials by instrumental indentation under industrial-production conditions, including pipelines and parts of working mechanisms (bridges, railroad tracks, ship mechanisms, and other products), which operate outdoors, is described. The key components of the device are: a load-applying element (electromagnetic actuator), a displacement sensor

AbstractIn this manuscript, we attempt to clarify the capability of utilisation of α-FeSi2 nanocrystals as a buffer layer for growth of monocrystalline/high-quality β-FeSi2 direct-gap semiconductor from the point of view of the crystal lattice misfits and near coincidence site (NCS) lattices. Iron silicides-based nanostructures have a wide spectrum of possible industrial applications in different fields

AbstractThe Siberian ring source of photons (SKIF) is a new 3-GeV fourth-generation source of synchrotron radiation with a perimeter of 480 m that is being developed in Novosibirsk. To obtain bright synchrotron-radiation beams, the SKIF must have a suitable injection system for the preparation of intense electron beams. The article describes the proposed configuration of the injection system and its

AbstractThe reflection coefficients were calculated for the scattering of hydrogen isotopes and helium atoms from the surface of amorphous beryllium, carbon, and tungsten targets, which are of interest in the physics of thermonuclear plasma. The results demonstrate good agreement with the available experimental data. The isotope effect in the reflection of particles from the wall was analyzed. For

AbstractOne of the most rapidly developing directions in the field of alternative energy sources is hydrogen energetics. Fuel cells, the main component of which is a proton-exchange membrane, facilitate the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Superprotonic crystals are promising materials for the creation of proton-exchange membranes of fuel cells and other electrochemical

AbstractThe effect of quenched non-magnetic impurities on phase transitions in low-dimensional Potts model structures is investigated by the Monte Carlo method using a cluster algorithm. Systems with linear dimensions of L = 20–160 and spin concentrations of p = 1.0, 0.9 are considered. Using the fourth-order Binder cumulant method and the histogram-data analysis method, the introduction of weak quenched

The effect of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration on layers of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride with a catalytic additive (ferrocene), which preliminarily underwent treatment in air or an inert medium in the temperature range 100–400°C, is studied. Heat treatment at 150°C for 1 h is shown to reduce the length of the formed carbon nanofibers by ~20 times. Disk-shaped depressions are observed

AbstractThe sources of heavy cluster ions (Au, Bi) used in modern mass spectrometers suggest that the emission of secondary ions is predominantly performed in the thermal spike mode, unlike the previous generation of spectrometers operating with atomic cesium ions and oxygen ions. Here, we verify this assumption using the example of the emission of 11 implanted elements from GaAs upon sputtering by

AbstractWhisker microcrystals are detected by scanning electron microscopy upon the formation of film coatings of the niobium–cadmium system by the successive deposition of ultrafine niobium and cadmium particles atomized in a low-pressure plasma onto a moving substrate on samples with concentrations of 55.3–84.2 at % Cd (the remaining percentage is Nb). The crystals differ in shape, length, and diameter;

AbstractA simple method for manufacturing silicon masks for deep X-ray lithography, conducted with the application of exposure radiation of the spectral range (0.5–7 Å), is described. This method is based on planar silicon technology, which is widely used in the production of semiconductor devices. A significant difference between this method and previously known analogues is that it does not apply

The potential energy of the atom–atom interaction, taking into account the Pauli principle, is constructed for atomic potentials that were chosen in the Molière approximation. It is shown that the potential energy of interaction between neon atoms and argon atoms lies above the experimental data, and that between krypton atoms and xenon atoms lies below the experimental data. It is shown that at large

AbstractCrystals of gadolinium–gallium–aluminum garnet doped with cerium ions (Gd3Ga3Al2O12:Ce) are analyzed by X-ray diffractometry and X-ray topography. These crystals have a number of unique scintillation characteristics (including a high specific light yield, fast emission kinetics, and high energy and time resolutions), which make them promising for designing detectors of ionizing radiation in

The peculiarities of the fine structure of Al–Si–Ni aluminum-matrix composite with a low thermal coefficient of linear expansion, mechanically activated with the addition of nanoscale reduced graphene oxide (RGO), is investigated. The structure is studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning, transmission and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The presence of quasi-graphene layers

Single-phase ceramic samples with the perovskite structure [(Na0.5Bi0.5)1 – xKx] TiO3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06) are prepared by the method of solid-state synthesis and their structure, microstructure and dielectric and ferroelectric properties are studied. An increase in the unit-cell parameters of the perovskite lattice as a result of an increase in the K-cation content in accordance

AbstractPenetration of a vorticity lattice formed by waves propagating on the surface at an angle to each other into the bulk of a liquid is studied experimentally. It is shown that along with the Stokes drift it is necessary to regard nonlinear wave interaction in order to explain experimental time dependences of average vorticity. Vorticity distribution over the depth of a liquid is described by

AbstractIn this work, the features of the formation of electrolyte plasma and its influence on the structure of the surface of Ti are investigated. It is revealed that the formation of plasma in the process of the anodic polarization of Ti in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid leads to the formation of a porous oxide on the surface. It is shown that the porous nature of the formed oxide layers predetermine

AbstractAn accurate X-ray diffraction study of cordierite mineral, the simplified chemical formula of which is Mg2Al4Si5O18, is performed. The main octahedral position contains magnesium, iron, and aluminum ions, as well as traces of manganese. Alkaline cations are localized within large channels formed by six AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra at the level z = 0. Water and carbon-dioxide molecules are located

AbstractThe emission of atoms from the (001) faces of a series of real and model single crystals is studied using computer simulation by means of the molecular-dynamics method. The evolution of the energy distributions of atoms sputtered from surfaces with polar and azimuthal-angle resolution is studied in the case of a variation in the atomic number of the target substance. For low energies, the maximum

AbstractTransient electrolysis based on polarization with alternating asymmetric current of industrial frequency is used in this work to obtain bismuth-ferrite hybrid materials on a support from aqueous solutions of electrolytes. X-ray phase analysis showed that the materials formed on the surface of the steel are multiphase systems. The influence of the heat-treatment temperature on the elemental

AbstractNatural samples of exogenous silicites are investigated by a combination of physical methods (X‑ray phase analysis, atomic-force microscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical transmission). The samples contain a small amount (~1%) of water and consist of chalcedony nanoparticles with a size of 22–68 nm, which form a complex hierarchically organized structure.

AbstractA model of a three-dimensional optical structure in which the plane-parallel boundaries have intrinsic nonlinear properties is considered. The internal layer with a finite thickness is an optically transparent medium with defocusing Kerr nonlinearity; on the outside, it is in contact with dielectric linear half-spaces. The mathematical formulation of the model reduces to the nonlinear Schrödinger

AbstractThe paper presents the results of modeling the distributions of minority charge carriers generated by a wide electron beam in two-layer semiconductor structures. The analytical results obtained using the matrix method are compared with the results of calculations obtained using the numerical method of finite differences. The studies are carried out for epitaxial structures of “solid solution

AbstractThe mesostructure of Mn1 – xFex Ge transition-metal monogermanides is studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-SANS in a wide concentration range of x = 0.0–1.0.It is shown that the main contribution to the scattering intensity for all concentrations x is made by scattering at crystallites with sharp boundaries and sizes of 1–10 μm, which is described by the squared Lorentzian

AbstractThe adsorption of CO molecules by Pt and Pt–Sn nanoparticles is studied using ab initio calculations. The Pt–C and C–O bond lengths, adsorption energies, and stretching frequencies of adsorbed molecules on the surface of nanoparticles at different sites are calculated. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data. The segregation of bimetallic nanoparticles is also

AbstractPalladium (Pd/CeO2), gold (Au/CeO2), and bimetallic (PdAu/CeO2) nanoparticles obtained via impregnation of the surface of cerium dioxide with tetraethylene pentamine and subsequent reduction in a H2/Ar flow are synthesized and described. The particles possess a high degree of dispersion, but their small size complicates their analysis with conventional methods (transmission electron microscopy

AbstractThe effect of the annealing temperature and of a constant magnetic field on decomposition of quenched beryllium bronze BrB-2 is studied by scanning electron microscopy for the first time. A technical bronze alloy BRB-2 is kept at a temperature of 800°C for 0.5 h, quenched in water, and subjected to artificial aging at 325, 350, and 400°C for 1 h under a constant magnetic field of 0.7 T and

AbstractComposite materials with a biologically active coating are created. The morphology of a newly formed surface is studied by scanning electron microscopy, as well as the Brunauer–Emmett–Taylor method. The adhesive strength of the hydroxyapatite coating is determined by centrifugal separation. As a result of the studies, the most promising method of deposition, the best shape of the coating material