The diffusion of a vacancy in a deformed aluminum crystal is simulated by the methods of hyperdynamics and classical molecular dynamics. The method used to construct the bias potential for the hyperdynamic method was previously developed for the example of two-dimensional systems using pair potentials. The results indicate the possibility of applying the considered bias potential for the simulation

Abstract In this paper, we decomposed the FeSO4 at the presence of benzoic acid with weight ratio 1 : 1 at two different temperatures 500 and 600°C. The as-synthesized products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FT-IR and XRD results confirmed that the as-prepared product at 500°C is a mixture

This work presents the result of modeling a miniature forming lens for a high-voltage electron-beam lithography system. The diameter of the outer yoke is only 64 mm. This allows the installation of four electron optical systems over a six-inch photomask. For a 50-kV electron beam and 15 mm flange focal distance, the characteristics of the obtained miniature lens provide the absence of yoke saturation

At the Institute of Nuclear Physics, a nine-pole hybrid wiggler is developed and successfully installed on the VEPP-4 accelerator complex. The nine poles of the wiggler are electromagnets with iron cores. To achieve the largest field, permanent magnets with a residual induction of 1.2 T are installed between the wiggler poles. Such a combination of electromagnets and permanent magnets made it possible

Abstract— The composition, the surface morphology, and the crystalline and electronic structure of МоО3 nanofilms are studied using a set of methods, namely, scanning electron spectroscopy and high energy electron diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy, and secondary electron emission. These nanofilms are obtained by implanting \({\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}^{{\text{ + }}}\) ions into a Mo single crystal

In this work, computer modeling of the surface phase transition in semi-infinite antiferromagnetic systems under the influence of external magnetic field is carried out. Cases of different values for the surface exchange integral and exchange integral for interaction between surface spins and the first subsurface layer are considered. For the surface phase transition, as for the bulk transition, the

The molecular-dynamics method is used to model the interaction processes of pulsed ion beams with metal targets. The main parameters of a pulsed ion beam interacting with a target are the ion energy, pulse duration, and charge density per unit area of the target. Using averaged values of these parameters of ion beams published for various types of accelerators, a numerical study of the dependence of

The processes of the plasma sputtering of epitaxial lead-tin selenide films near the sputtering threshold are studied. Pb1 – xSnxSe films (x = 0.03, 0.07) with a thickness of 0.5–2 microns are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on CaF2/Si(111) substrates. The films are plasma treated with radio-frequency high-density low-pressure inductively coupled argon plasma with an ion energy of 20–25 eV at typical

This paper presents the results of X-ray methods for studying additive products obtained from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders. It is experimentally established that the conditions for the preparation and dispersion of the powders determine their behavior during sintering. With an increase in the dispersion of the powder, the sintering process accelerates and proceeds more actively, while the mechanical

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to study the modification of Ni/C nickel-carbon nanocomposites with oxides (NiO, CuO, and Fe2O3) in the ratio of 0.5–1.0. Depending on the type of modifier used and its content, the magnetic moment of Ni atoms changes in the nanocomposite, i.e., during the redox process, the nanocomposite structure changes and the interaction between the carbon skeleton

Abstrtact The propagation of wave packets of quantum particles through porous structures in thin semi-transparent films is studied. Numerical solution of the nonstationary Schrödinger equation is used in two-dimensional (for slits) and three-dimensional (round holes) cases. The transmission coefficient of quantum particles is compared with that of classical particles with the same density distribution

The formation and investigation of Fe3Si thin films by pulsed laser deposition is reported. The structural properties depending on the formation parameters are investigated. Three different approaches to the synthesis of iron-silicide thin films by pulsed laser deposition are explored: deposition from a stoichiometric alloy target, the simultaneous co-deposition of pure Fe and Si targets by two lasers

A study of the phase composition of powder materials obtained by the electroerosion dispersion of BrC30 lead-bronze metal waste in distilled water is carried out. The preparation of metal materials of microfractions and nanofractions is carried out using an electroerosion-dispersion unit. The filings are placed in the reactor of the installation, which is filled with distilled water (an oxygen-containing

Abstract— by methods of transmission electron diffraction microscopy the layer-by-layer analysis was carried out and quantitative parameters of structural phase states, dislocation substructure, internal stress fields and particles of carbide phase in the head of 100-meter rails along the central axis and along the fillet after differentiated hardening were revealed. It was shown that differentiated

The results of studying the influence of a constant magnetic field on the dynamic behavior of dislocations in the crystal block of an interferometer, which is in a magnetic field and subsequently subjected to uniaxial mechanical tensile stress along the crystal axis [1\(\bar {1}\)0], are presented. It is experimentally proved that in silicon crystals that have undergone preliminary magnetic treatment

Abstract— This article presents the chemical composition of surface monolayers of LaNi5 intermetallic alloy during interaction with oxygen determined by secondary-ion mass spectrometry. It is demonstrated that at higher partial pressures of oxygen the measured mass spectra contain a large set of emissions, and positive and negative secondary ions containing both components of the alloy and oxygen.

Abstract The high efficiency of double-crystal X-ray diffractometry and topography methods in the characterization of crystals during refinement of the crystal-growth technology is demonstrated for the example of diamond bulk crystals and films obtained by the high pressure, high temperature method and by chemical vapor deposition, respectively. Techniques and study schemes for analysis of the real

Abstract—Background : The detachment of impression materials from impression tray is considered as an important problem which is difficult to be detected clinically. Several attempts were used to handle this problem, as roughening the surface of the tray, perforating it, or by the use of adhesive solutions which are recommended to be used by manufacturers. Objectives: To determine the tensile bond

Abstract Crystals of a new intermetallic HT-Ce2Rh2Ga are grown by the high-temperature treatment of arc-melted alloys with stoichiometric composition. The compound crystallizes in the La2Ni3-type structure that is quite rare for intermetallics. The crystal structure of Ce2Rh2Ga is refined using two sets of ultrahigh-resolution X-ray diffraction data (sin θ/λ ≤ 1.356 Å−1) obtained at 293 K: space group

Abstract The method of numerical Fourier analysis is used to investigate the fractal properties of 2D objects with micrometer–centimeter sizes. This numerical method simulates the small-angle light scattering experiment. Different geometric 2D-regular fractals, such as the Sierpinski carpet, Sierpinski triangle, Koch snowflake, and Vishek snowflake, are studied. We can divide 2D fractals, by analogy

Abstract The Sonix package is the main instrument control software at the IBR-2 reactor. It was originated in the beginning of 1990s for the Neutron Spectrometer with High Resolution (beam 6A of IBR-2). Later the complex was transferred to other instruments, including those located outside Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics. A little bit less than 20 installations are in operation now. When developing

Abstract The European Spallation Source is being built in Lund, Sweden and it’s planned to be the brightest pulsed spallation source for thermal and cold neutrons (<1 eV). Neutrons will be produced by a 2 GeV accelerated proton beam hitting a tungsten target wheel, then they are moderated by liquid hydrogen and water based moderator system and delivered to 42 beam-ports. Neutrons are transported via

Abstract One of the features of direct laser metal deposition (DLMD) method is presence of high residual stress in produced parts. The information about residual stress distribution is critically important for the competent organization of production processes in additive manufacturing. To study residual stress distribution in large thin-walled parts produced by DLMD, two model samples were manufactured

Abstract Neutron diffraction has been used to investigate the stress field in two different welds developed for nuclear applications, namely those obtained by tungsten inert gas welding of P91 martensitic steel (Cr 9, Mn 6, Mo 1, C 0.1, and Fe bal wt %) and hybrid (laser beam and gas metal arc) welding of AISI316LN austenitic steel (17.8 Cr, 12.3 Ni, 1.7 Mn, 2.4 Mo, 0.3 Si, and Fe bal wt %). The sizes

Abstract A new method of phase recovery in neutron reflectometry is proposed based on the use of the Gd reference layer deposited on the top of an “unknown” layered structure. The idea of the method is to apply the energy dependence of neutron scattering length density to change the reference layer properties. Using three reflectivity curves at different neutron energies, the modulus and phase of the

Abstract It is proposed to perform an experiment to observe the Goos–Hänchen shift during total reflection from a simple resonant system. The main features of the proposed experimental approach are the use of a resonant system that provides a significant increase in the longitudinal shift of the reflected beam, and the presence of an absorber that stops part of the reflected beam in case of its shift

Abstract Time-of-flight in situ neutron reflectometry (i-NR) on Si/[57Fe(x nm)/natFe(x nm)]4/Pt with x = 4 and 8 nm multilayers during consecutive heat treatments at 423, 448, 473 and 498 K reveal an unexpected rearrangement of free volumes and an interface smoothening in the isotopic Fe multilayer below 473 K, before the regime of regular Bragg intensity decay starts. The bilayer period dependence

Abstract The TEX texture diffractometer, transferred to the PIK reactor, requires significant adaptation to incorporate it into the existing and planned infrastructure. The problems that have arisen, their solutions, and the results achieved are discussed.

Abstract Neutrons appear to be ideal test particles to search for non-Newtonian gravity at micrometer separations, as with their vanishing electrostatic sensitivity they avoid many of the problems appearing with other test masses. Over the past decade, the qBounce collaboration has developed a technique named gravity resonance spectroscopy (GRS) that allows probing the bound states of ultracold neutrons

Abstract In this article, we consider some mechanisms of the formation of a nanometer-thick surface layer enriched with 14C isotope. Main channel of 14C surface accumulation is believed to be the neutron capture reaction with 14N atoms of the cooling gas mixture during operation of uranium-graphite reactors, in particular, a high-power channel-type reactor (RBMK-type reactor). For the “dry” collection

Abstract A 3He spin filter is a useful device for polarizing a neutron beam. We are developing the 3He spin filters for users of the material and life science facility of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J‑PARC). An in situ SEOP system with a 3He polarization evaluation system using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method of adiabatic fast passage and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)

Abstract The existence of a new fundamental interaction has long been discussed in literature, making it possible to extend the frames of Standard Model. In this work, the applicability of neutron scattering to the search for new internucleon short-range forces is analyzed for the interaction radius of 10–8 < λ < 10–13 m. The coupling constant constraints are obtained using the existing data on silicon

Abstract The long lasting interest in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) relies on the combination of fundamental science and the potential for spintronics applications. Despite the large body of experimental and theoretical studies carried out in the past decades, there are ongoing controversies about high-TC ferromagnetic DMS. This paper summarizes the results of the few investigations performed

Abstract The structure of detonation nanodiamond clusters formed by grafting of metal ions was studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Detonation nanodiamond particles grafted by Eu atoms are located closer to each other and pack more regularly.

Abstract Russian systems of intermediate separation and superheating of steam, operated as part of steam turbines of all nuclear power plants, operate with an insufficient level of reliability and efficiency. Design temperatures of overheating steam are not reached in most cases. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the working processes occurring in the apparatus: the flow of superheated wet

Abstract We investigate the lattice dynamics of frame-cluster dodecaborides ZrB12 and LuB12 in the framework of the electron density functional theory. Our ab initio calculations are performed using the Quantum Espresso package, with PAW-type pseudopotentials. We compute the phonon properties, such as phonon dispersions and atom-projected densities of states. A comparison is made with a few available

Abstract Lithium–indium diselenide (LiInSe2) is a new semiconductor material, sensitive to the thermal neutrons. LiInSe2 compound was synthesized from Li (99.99%), In (99.999%) and Se (99.999%). The growth of LiInSe2 single crystals was performed using the vertical option of Bridgman–Stockbarger method. The crystals were characterized using the electrical conductivity and optical spectroscopy methods

Abstract There are several theoretical approaches for describing the cut-off effect on small-angle scattering curves of mass fractals because of the finite size of the scattering object (e.g., developed cluster of nanoparticles). The problem is to relate the power-law scattering, I(q) = Bq–D (corresponding to the fractal dimension D), at high q-values with the Gunier approximation, I(q) = G exp(\(

Abstract The magnetic and structural transitions in rhombohedral La0.7Sr0.3Co1 – xNbxO3 and cubic La0.3Sr0.7Co1 – xNbxO3 have been studied as a function of Nb content and temperature by using of neutron and X-ray diffraction. The increase in the Nb concentration leads to the gradual increase in the lattice volume and significant decrease in the magnetic moment which completely disappears at the niobium

Abstract A Ni–Cr anode, dip coated with Ce oxide for increasing the resistance to sulfur poisoning of high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell, has been investigated by neutron diffraction. Crystallographic characterization of the phases present in this anode has been obtained by Rietveld refinement. In the substrate Ni–Cr is detected, with Fm\(\bar {3}\)m structure and weight volume fraction of

AbstractThe methods of atomic-force- and scanning-electron microscopy are used to study the surface morphology of polymeric microfiltration membranes. Commercial membranes of the MFFK (on the basis of a hydrophobic fluoroplastic composite membrane, pore size of 0.45 μm) and MPS (polyethersulfone membrane, pore size of 0.45 μm) brands produced by OOO NPP Tekhnofil’tr (Vladimir, Russia) are used as the

AbstractThe effect of atomic ordering on the angular distribution of the sputtering of the (001) face of a Ni4Mo single crystal irradiated with 10-keV Ar ions is studied using molecular-dynamics simulation and experimentally. It is shown that, in the case of a disordered crystal, both the Ni and Mo components are ejected in the same crystallographic direction. In the case of an ordered crystal, Mo

AbstractWe consider a two-parameter regression model based on the Fowler–Nordheim equation, which is classical for the field of field electron emission. The optimal parameter values are determined by the least-squares method. The characteristics of the confidence intervals are evaluated as part of a statistical experiment. We pay attention to the accuracy of estimates, the boundaries of individual

AbstractA new approach is proposed for recording reciprocal space maps near the Bragg reflection using an adaptive bending element of X-ray optics based on a bidomain monolithic crystal of lithium niobate, which is necessary for time-resolved studies of the defect structure of single crystals on laboratory X-ray sources. The proposed method is tested on a silicon crystal under static uniaxial mechanical

AbstractThe effect of bismuth on the structural perfection of elastically strained AlGaInSbBi epitaxial layers grown on InSb substrates in a temperature gradient field is studied. The optimal parameters of the growth process of AlGaInSbBi(InSb) epitaxial layers with high structural perfection and minimum roughness are revealed: 0.05 < \(x_{{{\text{Bi}}}}^{s}\) < 0.2 mole fraction, temperature gradient

AbstractThe surface morphology of 100-nm textured Pt films subjected to ion-plasma treatment (IPT) in argon plasma with an Ar-ion energy of 25–200 eV is investigated using a scanning tunneling microscope. As-deposited films are characterized by close values of the surface roughness and average grain size, but their texture strength are different. It is found that IPTs with an ion energy of 25–65 eV

AbstractAngular dependences of the surface layer composition and the sputtering yield of silicon upon irradiation of the surface with a focused beam of gallium ions with an energy of 30 keV are obtained. The surface composition is analyzed by scanning Auger electron spectroscopy (SAES) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The sputtering yields are determined by measuring the volume of sputtering

AbstractSome features of the electron exchange between ions and a metal surface caused by its atomic structure are studied. The simulation is based on three-dimensional implementation of the wave-packet propagation method using pseudopotentials describing the metal at the atomic level. Three-dimensional pseudopotentials for the Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) surfaces, which reproduce well-known electron-exchange

AbstractThe problem of increasing the accuracy of an electron-diffraction experiment, on which the reliability of studying the nature of chemical bonding and the distributions of the electrostatic potential in nano-objects by this method depends, is solved. For this, a recording system was created on the basis of an EMR-102 electron diffractometer, which operates in the single-electron mode with high

AbstractSimulation of the irradiation of crystalline silicon with low-energy (50—500 eV) noble-gas ions (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) is performed using the molecular-dynamics method with damage accumulation. The analysis of structural changes in the near-surface layers of the material demonstrates significant differences between the mechanisms of silicon damage by light and heavy particles. It is shown that

AbstractTheoretical explanation of the experimentally discovered effect of a decrease in the excitation energy of surface and volume plasma oscillations of valence Si (111) electrons during the implantation of Ba and alkaline-element ions with a large dose of D > 1016 cm–2 is presented in this paper. On the basis of a two-fluid model of the electron gas, the observed effect of a decrease in the Si(111)

AbstractZinc-oxide powders consisting of spherical hollow particles are obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Comparative analysis of the diffuse reflectance spectra and their changes after irradiation with 100-keV protons of powders of micrometer-sized hollow and bulk particles of zinc oxide is carried out. We present the results of the physical and mathematical simulation of the interaction of a low-energy

AbstractThe effect of the introduction of additives of low-melting alloying elements in antifriction aluminum alloys on a change in the surface after tribological tests is estimated. Compositions are described and sample preparation is performed. For the study, a combination of electron microscopy methods (with elemental analysis) and probe microscopy (with the modes of spreading current and thermal-conductivity

Abstract An instrument capable of assessing the hardness of materials by instrumental indentation under industrial-production conditions, including pipelines and parts of working mechanisms (bridges, railroad tracks, ship mechanisms, and other products), which operate outdoors, is described. The key components of the device are: a load-applying element (electromagnetic actuator), a displacement sensor

AbstractIn this manuscript, we attempt to clarify the capability of utilisation of α-FeSi2 nanocrystals as a buffer layer for growth of monocrystalline/high-quality β-FeSi2 direct-gap semiconductor from the point of view of the crystal lattice misfits and near coincidence site (NCS) lattices. Iron silicides-based nanostructures have a wide spectrum of possible industrial applications in different fields

AbstractThe Siberian ring source of photons (SKIF) is a new 3-GeV fourth-generation source of synchrotron radiation with a perimeter of 480 m that is being developed in Novosibirsk. To obtain bright synchrotron-radiation beams, the SKIF must have a suitable injection system for the preparation of intense electron beams. The article describes the proposed configuration of the injection system and its

AbstractThe reflection coefficients were calculated for the scattering of hydrogen isotopes and helium atoms from the surface of amorphous beryllium, carbon, and tungsten targets, which are of interest in the physics of thermonuclear plasma. The results demonstrate good agreement with the available experimental data. The isotope effect in the reflection of particles from the wall was analyzed. For

AbstractOne of the most rapidly developing directions in the field of alternative energy sources is hydrogen energetics. Fuel cells, the main component of which is a proton-exchange membrane, facilitate the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Superprotonic crystals are promising materials for the creation of proton-exchange membranes of fuel cells and other electrochemical

AbstractThe effect of quenched non-magnetic impurities on phase transitions in low-dimensional Potts model structures is investigated by the Monte Carlo method using a cluster algorithm. Systems with linear dimensions of L = 20–160 and spin concentrations of p = 1.0, 0.9 are considered. Using the fourth-order Binder cumulant method and the histogram-data analysis method, the introduction of weak quenched

The effect of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration on layers of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride with a catalytic additive (ferrocene), which preliminarily underwent treatment in air or an inert medium in the temperature range 100–400°C, is studied. Heat treatment at 150°C for 1 h is shown to reduce the length of the formed carbon nanofibers by ~20 times. Disk-shaped depressions are observed