Abstract— The effect of low-temperature annealing on the capacity–voltage and current–voltage characteristics of silicon-carbide-based semiconductor devices irradiated with 0.9-MeV electrons and 25-MeV protons are studied. Commercial high-voltage (a blocking voltage of 1700 V) integrated 4H-SiC Schottky diodes are used. It is established for the first time that, for both types of irradiation used,

Abstract The temperature dependence of the relative dielectric losses of an irradiated KCl–Ag crystal is investigated. It is established that neutral complex defects are caused by different types of relaxation oscillators and have different structures. The quasi-oscillating temperature dependence of the relative concentration of neutral complex defects, which cause dielectric losses at different frequencies

Abstract The deceleration of fast heavy ions in matter to a complete stop is accompanied by a change in their equilibrium mean charge, which depends on the velocity that decreases as the distance passed increases. A method is proposed for calculating the dependence of the mean ion charge on the thickness of the passed layer of matter, based on the previously proposed power-law approximation for inelastic

Abstract Cd0.6Ba0.4S nanostructures are obtained by the implantation of Ba+ ions and subsequent annealing on the surface and in the surface region of CdS films. The parameters of the energy bands and the density of electronic states in the valence band are determined. With a decrease in the surface dimensions of the nanocrystalline phases of Cd0.6Ba0.4S from 30 to 15 nm, the band gap Eg is shown to

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry is used to study the emission of negative ions from clusters of gallium, gallium nitride, and GaN/SiC dopants depending on the energy of the bombarding cesium ions, as well as on the substrate temperature. The emission of negative ions of clusters is shown to exponentially depend on the energy of bombarding ions in the threshold sputtering region, which confirms

Abstract Nanophases and films of SiO2 and metal silicides are obtained by the low-energy (E0 = 1–5 keV) implantation of \({\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}^{{\text{ + }}},\) Ba+, Cu+ and Co+ ions followed by annealing on the surface of a free Si/Cu (100) nanofilm system. Their surface morphology, composition, energy-band parameters, the maximum value of the secondary-electron-emission coefficient, and the quantum

Abstract The work is devoted to the study of the features of the formation of modified surface layers in the electrolytic-plasma coating of the surface of 20GL steel used for the manufacture of parts of a railroad train. The results of the investigation of the effect of the electrolytic-plasma coating on the morphology and the structural-phase state of the surface, the dislocation structure of 20GL

Abstract The results of X-ray studies of samples of purified and thermally modified shungite carbon are presented. The quantitative characteristics of short-range order are determined, and 3D models of regions of short-range ordering are presented. It is found that the structure of these regions can be described by turbostratic models, which are sets of five distorted graphene sheets, disoriented relative

Abstract Changes in the morphology of the vanadium surface are studied as a result of the separate and sequential action of helium ions (for an energy of 30 keV, a dose of 1.0 × 1022 m–2, an ion-flux density of 4.8 × 1018 m–2 s –1, and a temperature of ~500 K) and high-power pulsed laser radiation in the Q-switched mode (power density of q = 1.2 × 1012 W/m2, pulse duration of τ0 = 50 ns, and a pulse

Abstract The paper presents a technique for calculating information-correlation characteristics based on the methods of average mutual information and two-dimensional detrended fluctuation analysis. The experimental samples are structures with an array of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown without a cover layer by gas-phase epitaxy from metalorganic compounds. The microstructure of the sample

Abstract The influence of the heterointerface on the energy spectrum of shallow and deep centers is considered. Formulas are obtained for broadening of the impurity-center energy and the electron lifetime in the quasistationary state. The corresponding analytical formulas obtained in other works are refined. It is shown that in this case the effective radius of a shallow center is not its Bohr radius

Abstract— A comparative study of nanosystems based on the biogenic element selenium in the zero-valent form (Se0) and amphiphilic molecular brushes (graft-CP) with a hydrophobic polyimide backbone and hydrophilic side chains of polymethacrylic acid is performed using atomic force microscope, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It is shown that the morphological and spectral characteristics

Abstract— Two-dimensional and four-dimensional reinforced carbon–carbon composite materials based on carbon structural filament are prepared via the isostatic carbonization of a coal tar pitch. The difference between the crystalline state of a reinforcing fiber and a coke matrix is assessed with X-ray diffraction analysis. A change in the level of the surface resistivity depending on the density of

Abstract— The electrochemical behavior of sintered materials from powder aluminum, its compositions with copper (1, 2, and 3%), and coatings on their surfaces formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO), is studied in a 3% NaCl solution. The values of the anodic and cathodic current densities on the polarization dependences for compact aluminum samples are approximately 4 and 2 times lower compared to sintered

Abstract This paper describes systematic measurements of the main parameters of the DIMEX-Si silicon microstrip detector prototype, designed to study fast processes in a beam of synchrotron radiation (SR). The dynamic range, spatial resolution and temporal parameters of the detector are estimated. The parameters of the prototype silicon detector are compared with the DIMEX-G gas version. The maximum

Abstract Using selective dissolution, we create α-Fe/DyPrFeCoB microwires with a parabolic tip for focusing the magnetic flux and enhancing the magnetic attraction of particles. The conditions for sharpening the end of the microwire by etching with HNO3 and with mixtures of HNO3 + HCl and H2SO4 + HNO3 are also optimized. The magnetic force of a single microwire with a pointed end (up to 880 pN) makes

Abstract We perform submicron corrugation of the surface of nongraphitized (processing temperature 1400°C) and graphitized (processing temperature 2800°C) Zoltek PX35 polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers by high-fluence irradiation with nitrogen and argon ions with an energy of 30 keV. The microgeometry of the surfaces of nongraphitized and graphitized carbon fibers irradiated with nitrogen ions is characterized

Abstract— The experimentally studied surface morphology of films of the Heusler alloy Fe2CoAl is compared to the theory of the formation of the fractal surface of films. This theory is based on the Cauchy problem for the simplified Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation. It is shown that for the initial fractal shape of the film it can be solved immediately by applying the Oleinik–Lax principle (a weak solution

Abstract— A method based on experimental data, theoretical models, and the empirical evaluation of experimental parameters in the equilibrium charge distribution of ions is proposed to evaluate charge-changing cross sections. This method makes it possible to obtain cross sections (recommended for estimations) for the loss and capture of one or several electrons in gas and solid targets with inclusion

Abstract We have studied changes in the structural parameters of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) unilamellar vesicles at a concentration series 0–30 mM of divalent metal cations Ca2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The membrane structural parameters (thickness and area per lipid) were obtained at different concentrations of cations in the gel and fluid

Abstract Nanoscale MoO3 films are obtained on the surface of a Mo single crystal by means of thermal oxidation and ion implantation. The optimal modes of ion implantation (the partial oxygen pressure, the ion energy and dose, and the annealing temperature) are determined to form homogeneous MoO3/Mo films with thicknesses ranging from 30 to 100 Å and with good stoichiometry. It is established that,

Abstract—The stability of the atomic structure and physical and chemical properties of new materials is of crucial importance for their practical use. Long-term (more than 5 × 105 min) and regular monitoring of the molecular structure of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) film sample after its chemical dehydrofluorination and rinsing with ethanol is performed by the infrared (IR) spectroscopy technique. Changes

Abstract—Large single-crystal films of p-sexiphenyl and its derivative with terminal trimethylsilyl substituents are grown under physical-vapor-transport conditions. The structure of the single-crystal films is studied by X-ray diffraction. In the crystals of the trimethylsilyl derivative there is a significant shift of molecular π systems relative to each other inside the (001) layers with “herringbone”

Abstract—An experimental study of the carburization of the working surfaces of bars in an ablative pulsed plasma source with the lateral supply of a solid propellant is carried out. In the course of the study, factors influencing the formation of stable carbon coating during source operation in different modes are considered. The temperature of the propellant bars is shown to not influence the process

Abstract Comparative results of the synthesis, X-ray, Raman spectroscopy, and electron-microscopy studies, and determination of the acidity of the surface of solid solutions (pHiso) of InP–CdS, InP–CdTe systems, differing in the second binary components (CdS, CdTe) and nevertheless including the common element (Cd) are presented. The formation of substitutional solid solutions with a cubic sphalerite

Abstract An analysis of methods for the formation of amorphous and crystal-amorphous materials and coatings is presented. The factors that influence the formation of an amorphous structure in materials are studied. The coatings made by cathodic-arc deposition with two single-component titanium and aluminum cathodes are deposited onto high-speed steel samples. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, the influence

Abstract—The prototype of an apparatus for studying the X-ray fluorescence properties of nanomaterials for X-ray photodynamic therapy is developed. The X-ray fluorescence characteristics of nanomaterials based on gadolinium fluorides are studied. For a series of samples, X-ray fluorescence spectra are obtained in the region of 600–700 nm, which allows the conclusion that such materials are promising

Abstract— The theoretical basis of X-ray absorption spectra beyond the Fe K-edge in the pre-edge region is constructed, and algorithms for using it to quantitatively analyze experimental X-ray near edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectra are described. Within the framework of the ab initio approach of ligand field theory, 60 theoretical spectra or more for Fe with different coordination numbers, oxidation

Abstract—The phase composition of a film obtained by the method of the simultaneous electric arc sputtering of graphite and chromium from two evaporators is studied by Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Analysis of the chemical state of atoms by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed before and after cleaning the surface of the film by bombardment with argon ions. Raman spectroscopy

Abstract The characteristic features of a change in the structure of samples of submicrocrystalline (SMC) technically pure titanium of VT1-0 brand after long-term annealing in a wide temperature range of 150–700°C with a duration of 0.5 to 1008 h, as well as after action by nanosecond laser pulses, are studied by transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the microstructure of the material

Abstract The phase and element composition, defect sub-structure in the surface layer of stainless high-chromium steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti (0.12% C, 1.8% Cr, 10% Ni, 1% Ti) alloyed in the electric explosion have been investigated in an X-ray analysis and with the help of optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy in the diffraction mode. Titanium and boron have been selected as alloying elements

Abstract The results of the study of the properties and structural features of amorphous hydrocarbon films CDx (x ~ 0.5) obtained in the plasma discharge of the T-10 tokamak are presented, which characterize these films as a hydrocarbon system with carbon sp3 + sp2 states (mainly with sp3 states). The films form a branched three-dimensional fractal carbon network with a fractal structure and a high

Abstract The comparative deposition of ZnO:Ga layers by the magnetron sputtering of a ZnO:Ga (3 mol %) ceramic target and a composite ZnO:Ga(3 mol %)–Zn(20 wt %) cermet target is performed in the direct current mode at substrate temperatures of 50°С and 200°С. Studies of the formation processes, structure, and functional characteristics of the layers obtained by the sputtering of targets of both types

Abstract—The surface morphology and structure of LPCVD silicon thin films (with thicknesses of 40 nm or less) obtained at a deposition temperature of T = 550°С, at which amorphous films (a-Si) are usually obtained, and at a deposition temperature of 584°С, at which films of polycrystalline silicon with hemispherical grains (HSG-Si) with a large surface roughness are obtained, are studied. It is found

Abstract The characteristics of an indirect-geometry spectrometer and possibilities of its creation on a compact pulsed neutron source under conditions of its low luminosity are estimated. The configuration of a secondary spectrometer with a position-sensitive detector and a curved crystal analyzer is proposed, which ensures the capture of scattered neutrons at the largest solid angle. The main parameters

Abstract—The review is devoted to time-resolved X-ray microscopy, which is designed to obtain an image of an object under study in real space in two or three dimensions using elements of focusing optics. A full-field X-ray microscope and a scanning X-ray microscope are described, and the possibilities of their use together with the methods of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and X-ray fluorescence

Abstract Principal component analysis in a dual formulation is proposed to interpret changes in the C 1s X‑ray photoelectron spectra, arising from modification of the surface of polyetheretherketone. The distribution of the spectral intensities considered together with the spectra on dual graphs is used to construct a model of the peak structure of the C 1s spectra for their subsequent decomposition

Abstract—The synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) using a thin-film nickel-based catalyst is studied. An analysis of the size distributions of catalyst nanoparticles is carried out and compared with the distribution of particles from which the growth of carbon nanotubes is observed. The experiment shows that carbon nanotubes grow mainly from particles with sizes from 7 to

Abstract The results of applying the methods of scanning electron microscopy and electron-probe microanalysis (SEM–EPMA) in combination with etching of the surface of the microparticles with an ion beam to study the composition and internal structure of single microparticles of uranium tetrafluoride are presented. It is shown that the accuracy of analysis of relief samples can be significantly improved

Abstract Semiconductor nanowires are unique materials for studying nanoscale phenomena; the possibility of forming silicon nanowires on bulk silicon-on-insulator substrates in a top-down process ensures complete incorporation of this technology into integrated electronic systems. In addition, the use of ferromagnetic contacts in combination with the high quality of ferromagnetic–semiconductor interfaces

The diffusion of a vacancy in a deformed aluminum crystal is simulated by the methods of hyperdynamics and classical molecular dynamics. The method used to construct the bias potential for the hyperdynamic method was previously developed for the example of two-dimensional systems using pair potentials. The results indicate the possibility of applying the considered bias potential for the simulation

Abstract In this paper, we decomposed the FeSO4 at the presence of benzoic acid with weight ratio 1 : 1 at two different temperatures 500 and 600°C. The as-synthesized products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FT-IR and XRD results confirmed that the as-prepared product at 500°C is a mixture

This work presents the result of modeling a miniature forming lens for a high-voltage electron-beam lithography system. The diameter of the outer yoke is only 64 mm. This allows the installation of four electron optical systems over a six-inch photomask. For a 50-kV electron beam and 15 mm flange focal distance, the characteristics of the obtained miniature lens provide the absence of yoke saturation

At the Institute of Nuclear Physics, a nine-pole hybrid wiggler is developed and successfully installed on the VEPP-4 accelerator complex. The nine poles of the wiggler are electromagnets with iron cores. To achieve the largest field, permanent magnets with a residual induction of 1.2 T are installed between the wiggler poles. Such a combination of electromagnets and permanent magnets made it possible

Abstract— The composition, the surface morphology, and the crystalline and electronic structure of МоО3 nanofilms are studied using a set of methods, namely, scanning electron spectroscopy and high energy electron diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy, and secondary electron emission. These nanofilms are obtained by implanting \({\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}^{{\text{ + }}}\) ions into a Mo single crystal

In this work, computer modeling of the surface phase transition in semi-infinite antiferromagnetic systems under the influence of external magnetic field is carried out. Cases of different values for the surface exchange integral and exchange integral for interaction between surface spins and the first subsurface layer are considered. For the surface phase transition, as for the bulk transition, the

The molecular-dynamics method is used to model the interaction processes of pulsed ion beams with metal targets. The main parameters of a pulsed ion beam interacting with a target are the ion energy, pulse duration, and charge density per unit area of the target. Using averaged values of these parameters of ion beams published for various types of accelerators, a numerical study of the dependence of

The processes of the plasma sputtering of epitaxial lead-tin selenide films near the sputtering threshold are studied. Pb1 – xSnxSe films (x = 0.03, 0.07) with a thickness of 0.5–2 microns are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on CaF2/Si(111) substrates. The films are plasma treated with radio-frequency high-density low-pressure inductively coupled argon plasma with an ion energy of 20–25 eV at typical

This paper presents the results of X-ray methods for studying additive products obtained from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders. It is experimentally established that the conditions for the preparation and dispersion of the powders determine their behavior during sintering. With an increase in the dispersion of the powder, the sintering process accelerates and proceeds more actively, while the mechanical

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to study the modification of Ni/C nickel-carbon nanocomposites with oxides (NiO, CuO, and Fe2O3) in the ratio of 0.5–1.0. Depending on the type of modifier used and its content, the magnetic moment of Ni atoms changes in the nanocomposite, i.e., during the redox process, the nanocomposite structure changes and the interaction between the carbon skeleton

Abstrtact The propagation of wave packets of quantum particles through porous structures in thin semi-transparent films is studied. Numerical solution of the nonstationary Schrödinger equation is used in two-dimensional (for slits) and three-dimensional (round holes) cases. The transmission coefficient of quantum particles is compared with that of classical particles with the same density distribution

The formation and investigation of Fe3Si thin films by pulsed laser deposition is reported. The structural properties depending on the formation parameters are investigated. Three different approaches to the synthesis of iron-silicide thin films by pulsed laser deposition are explored: deposition from a stoichiometric alloy target, the simultaneous co-deposition of pure Fe and Si targets by two lasers

A study of the phase composition of powder materials obtained by the electroerosion dispersion of BrC30 lead-bronze metal waste in distilled water is carried out. The preparation of metal materials of microfractions and nanofractions is carried out using an electroerosion-dispersion unit. The filings are placed in the reactor of the installation, which is filled with distilled water (an oxygen-containing

Abstract— by methods of transmission electron diffraction microscopy the layer-by-layer analysis was carried out and quantitative parameters of structural phase states, dislocation substructure, internal stress fields and particles of carbide phase in the head of 100-meter rails along the central axis and along the fillet after differentiated hardening were revealed. It was shown that differentiated

The results of studying the influence of a constant magnetic field on the dynamic behavior of dislocations in the crystal block of an interferometer, which is in a magnetic field and subsequently subjected to uniaxial mechanical tensile stress along the crystal axis [1\(\bar {1}\)0], are presented. It is experimentally proved that in silicon crystals that have undergone preliminary magnetic treatment

Abstract— This article presents the chemical composition of surface monolayers of LaNi5 intermetallic alloy during interaction with oxygen determined by secondary-ion mass spectrometry. It is demonstrated that at higher partial pressures of oxygen the measured mass spectra contain a large set of emissions, and positive and negative secondary ions containing both components of the alloy and oxygen.

Abstract The high efficiency of double-crystal X-ray diffractometry and topography methods in the characterization of crystals during refinement of the crystal-growth technology is demonstrated for the example of diamond bulk crystals and films obtained by the high pressure, high temperature method and by chemical vapor deposition, respectively. Techniques and study schemes for analysis of the real

Abstract—Background : The detachment of impression materials from impression tray is considered as an important problem which is difficult to be detected clinically. Several attempts were used to handle this problem, as roughening the surface of the tray, perforating it, or by the use of adhesive solutions which are recommended to be used by manufacturers. Objectives: To determine the tensile bond

Abstract Crystals of a new intermetallic HT-Ce2Rh2Ga are grown by the high-temperature treatment of arc-melted alloys with stoichiometric composition. The compound crystallizes in the La2Ni3-type structure that is quite rare for intermetallics. The crystal structure of Ce2Rh2Ga is refined using two sets of ultrahigh-resolution X-ray diffraction data (sin θ/λ ≤ 1.356 Å−1) obtained at 293 K: space group

Abstract The method of numerical Fourier analysis is used to investigate the fractal properties of 2D objects with micrometer–centimeter sizes. This numerical method simulates the small-angle light scattering experiment. Different geometric 2D-regular fractals, such as the Sierpinski carpet, Sierpinski triangle, Koch snowflake, and Vishek snowflake, are studied. We can divide 2D fractals, by analogy