In this brief review, we present the results of the fractional differential approach in cosmology in the context of the exact models of cosmological accelerated expansion obtained by several authors to date. Most of these studies are devoted to the problem of introducing fractional derivatives or fractional integrals into the classical General Relativity (GR). There are several observational and theoretical

The status of multifractional theories is reviewed using comparative tables. Theoretical foundations, classical matter and gravity dynamics, cosmology and experimental constraints are summarized and the application of the multifractional paradigm to quantum gravity is discussed. We also clarify the issue of unitarity in theories with integer-order derivatives.

Rotational transformations describe relativistic effects in rotating frames. There are four major kinematic rotational transformations: the Langevin metric; Post transformation; Franklin transformation; and the rotational form of the absolute Lorentz transformation. The four transformations exhibit different combinations of relativistic effects and simultaneity frameworks, and generate different predictions

In this study, we work out thermodynamic functions for a quantum gas of mesons described as color-electric charge dipoles. They refer to a particular parametrization of the trigonometric Rosen–Morse potential which allows to transform it to a perturbation of free quantum motion on the three-dimensional hypersphere, S3, a manifold that can host only charge-neutral systems, the charge dipoles being the

Using the recently developed groupoidal description of Schwinger’s picture of Quantum Mechanics, a new approach to Dirac’s fundamental question on the role of the Lagrangian in Quantum Mechanics is provided. It is shown that a function ℓ on the groupoid of configurations (or kinematical groupoid) of a quantum system determines a state on the von Neumann algebra of the histories of the system. This

When hadron-quark continuity is formulated in terms of a topology change at a density higher than twice the nuclear matter density (n0), the core of massive compact stars can be described in terms of quasiparticles of fractional baryon charges, behaving neither like pure baryons nor like deconfined quarks. Hidden symmetries, both local gauge and pseudo-conformal (or broken scale), emerge and give rise

The flavor mixing of the quarks is described by the CKM matrix, which is parametrized by three mixing angles and one phase parameter. We discuss a new texture for the two mass matrices of the six quarks. The three flavor mixing angles can be calculated — they are functions of the ratios of the quark masses. The third mixing angle is given by the CKM matrix element |Vcb|. We find: |Vcb|≃2(ms/mb). The

The neutrino oscillation probabilities at the long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments are expected to be modified by matter effects. We search for evidence of such modification in the data of T2K and NOνA, by fitting the data to the hypothesis of (a) matter modified oscillations and (b) vacuum oscillations. We find that vacuum oscillations provide as good a fit to the data as matter modified

In this paper, we analyze some properties regarding singular spinors and how they are connected. The method employed here consists of mapping the spinorial structure and also the adjoint structure. Such a mathematical device is useful to determine propagators without invoking the vacuum expected value of the quantum field time-ordered product.

The binary system AR Scorpii hosts an M-type main sequence cool star orbiting around a magnetic white dwarf in the Milky Way Galaxy. The broadband non-thermal emission over radio, optical and X-ray wavebands observed from AR Scorpii indicates strong modulations on the spin frequency of the white dwarf as well as the spin-orbit beat frequency of the system. Therefore, AR Scorpii is also referred to

Making use of the generalized form of the Ghost dark energy density, which has the functional form ρG=f(H,H2) where H represents the Hubble expanding rate, the present accelerated enlargement behavior of the cosmos is investigated from the Rastall theory perspective. After finding a relation for the Hubble cosmic expansion rate, we consider recent cosmology-independent measurements calculated for the

For the first time, we choose non-flat vacuum mode for background spacetime based on the minimum number of created particles during early non-de Sitter inflation. In conventional methods for calculating the number of created particles, the flat background is selected automatically and causes a negative number problem for created particles during asymptotic-de Sitter inflation. In a covariant approach

We study some aspects of dynamical compactification scenario where stabilization of extra dimensions occurs due to the presence of Gauss–Bonnet term and nonzero spatial curvature. In the framework of the model under consideration, there exists two-stages scenario of evolution of a Universe: in the first stage, the space evolves from a totally anisotropic state to the state with three-dimensional (corresponding

In this investigation report, we present a perfect charged fluid solution for a static and spherically symmetric spacetime; for its construction, we suppose a metric potential, gtt, and a specific form of the electric field’s intensity, E, in such a manner that the resulting stellar model is physically acceptable and stable. The model presented depends on two parameters (w,α) related to the compactness

Dimensionality aspects of non-minimal electromagnetic couplings are investigated. By means of the Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation, we attain (non-)relativistic interactions related to the non-minimal coupling in three-dimensional spacetime, for both the bosonic and fermionic fields. Next, we establish some comparisons and analyze particular situations in which the external electromagnetic fields are

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer is a particle physics detector focusing on the search for dark matter, the existence of antimatter, the origin and composition of cosmic rays from primordial sources in the universe and the exploration of new physics in space. Important features of the elementary particle (proton, antiproton, positron and election) fluxes in cosmic rays are presented: (1) The proton

Numerical modeling of the deuteron wave function in the coordinate representation for the phenomenological nucleon–nucleon potential Argonne v18 has been performed. For this purpose, the asymptotic behavior of the radial wave function has been taken into account near the origin of coordinates and at infinity. The charge deuteron form factor GC(p), depending on the transmitted momentums up to p=22fm−1

In this work, we study the dark energy accretion phenomena onto (n+2)-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole and (n+2)-dimensional Morris–Thorne wormhole. We obtain the (n+2)-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole mass and (n+2)-dimensional Morris–Thorne wormhole mass and their rate of change of masses due to accretion. For the dark energy component, we consider Tsallis, modified Rényi and “modified” Sharma–Mittal

Dynamics of charged rotating BTZ black holes in 2 + 1 dimensions by using the cut and paste approach is discussed. Due to the mechanical stability of rotating charged BTZ thin shell, the radial perturbation about the equilibrium throat radius and three variable equation of state (EoS) is analyzed. Several examples are displayed satisfying it, such as variable Phantom-like, variable Chaplygin gas and

An anomaly observed in the 8Be nuclear transition by the Atomki collaboration hints at a light, neutral boson decaying into an e+e− pair with a mass of about 17 MeV. In this paper, we study the Atomki anomaly in the framework of axial (ABJ) anomaly. Some theoretical results indicate that the X17 particle is the color singlet pseudoscalar. We take the X17 particle as a pseudoscalar meson (uū) system

The cross-section of the 111Cd(n,n′)111mCd reaction was measured with 241Am/Be neutrons using a natural cadmium target (natCd). The neutron fluence and mean neutron energy of the source were determined using the ISO 8529-1 neutron spectrum and the known cross-sections of the monitor reaction 115In(n,n′)115mIn. In order to measure the poor γ-ray activity of the reaction products, an HPGe detector with

In this work, we analyze the quantum dynamics of a generalized pendulum with a time-varying mass increasing exponentially and constant gravitation. By using Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant approach and Fock states, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for this system and write its solutions in terms of solutions of the Milne–Pinney equation. We also construct coherent states for the quantized

Quantum contextuality, a more general quantum correlation, is an important resource for quantum computing and quantum information processing. Meanwhile, quantum contextuality plays an important role in fundamental quantum physics. Yu and Oh (YO) proposed a proof of the Kochen–Specker theorem for a qutrit with only 13 rays. Here, we further study quantum contextuality of YO-13 rays using the inequality

With the help of a semi-honest third party Calvin, n parties P1,P2,…,Pn can determine whether all of their private inputs X1,X2,…,Xn are equal or not without leaking any information. In this paper, we present a novel protocol using special quantum unitary operations and n-dimensional n-particle GHZ states. The proposed protocol is correct. It can also resist various outside attacks and overcome the

A short introduction to N = 1 supergravity in four dimensions in the superspace approach is given emphasizing on all steps to obtain the final Lagrangian. In particular, starting from geometrical principles and the introduction of superfields in curved superspace, the action coupling matter and gauge fields to supergravity is derived. This paper is based on the book [M. Rausch de Traubenberg and M

In recent years, Rastall gravity is undergoing a considerable surge in popularity. This theory purports to be a modified gravity theory with a non-conserved energy–momentum tensor (EMT) and an unusual non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry. This work looks for the evolution of homogeneous spherical perturbations within the Universe in the context of Rastall gravity. Using the spherical Top-Hat

The LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave detectors carried out the first half of their third observing run from April through October 2019. During this period, they detected 39 new signals from the coalescence of black holes or neutron stars, more than quadrupling the total number of detected events. These detections included some unprecedented sources, like a pair of black holes with unequal masses (GW190412)

We briefly recall the procedure for computing the Ward identities in the presence of a regulator which violates the symmetry being considered. We compute the first nontrivial correction to the supersymmetry Ward identity of the Wess–Zumino model in the presence of background supergravity using dimensional regularization. We find that the result can be removed using a finite local counter term and so

Advances in high angular resolution astronomy make it conceivable that black hole dark matter could be detected via angular deviation effects. Assuming the dark matter in the galaxy is made of solar mass black holes, there is a nontrivial probability that a line-of-sight through the galaxy, leads to μarcsec’s deviations, a value that has been discussed for various astronomical projects. In cosmology

Baryons B(Qqq′) for heavy quarks Q=c,b,t, and light quarks q=u,d,s, are considered. Strong interaction coupling-constant sum rules with first-order breaking of SU(3) flavor symmetry are determined for reactions B→B′+M where B=B(Qqq′), B′=B(Qqq″) and M=M(q′q̄″) is a light meson. Specific applications to couplings of JP=12+ charmed and bottom baryons are presented. Also, SU(3) Clebsch–Gordan coefficients

We suggest an f(R) gravity model constructed in the framework of scalar–tensor theory. To field equations in the model, we obtain an accelerating universe solution for the late-time and discuss a future behavior of the universe.

The axiomatic Wightman formulation for nonderivative conformal field theory is adopted to derive conformal bootstrap equation for the four-point function. The equivalence between PCT theorem and weak local commutativity, due to Jost plays a very crucial role in axiomatic field theory. The theorem is suitably adopted for conformal field theory to derive the desired equations in CFT. We demonstrate that

We investigate the quantum correlations of a two-qubit XYZ Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain model with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. The two-qubit system is considered in thermal equilibrium. The variations of logarithmic negativity, uncertainty-induced quantum nonlocality (UIN) and trace distance discord, versus the parameters characterizing the system, are analyzed. The results show that the UIN measure

We investigate the generalized form of Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) equation in the presence of both a position-dependent electrical field and curved spacetime for the 2-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime. Moreover, we derive both the asymptotic wave function and construct energy quantization with the help of the properties of gamma function. All thermodynamic quantities of the system have been calculated

A total of seven qubits are in a maximally entangled state. Using such an entangled state as quantum channel is based on the construction requirements of quantum long-distance communication [Pan et al., Nature488, 185 (2012)]. Multi-party quantum channel (QC) should be studied. We put forward three deterministic bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation (BQCT) schemes. To be specific, BQCT can

This paper presents a critical historical review of the two main approaches to providing an understanding of the nature of the weak nuclear force via the Standard Model and the Generation Model of particle physics. The Standard Model is generally considered to be incomplete in the sense that it provides little understanding of several empirical observations: the Generation Model was developed to overcome

We argue in a quantitative way that the unitarity principle of quantum field theory together with the quantum information bound on correlation functions is in tension with a space which is made out of disconnected patches at microscopic scales.

In this paper, we show that the causally connected four-dimensional line element of the κ-deformed Minkowski spacetime induces an upper cut-off on the proper acceleration and derive this maximal acceleration, valid up to first order in the deformation parameter. We find a contribution to maximal acceleration which is independent of ℏ and thus signals effect of the non-commutativity alone. We also construct

In the description of neutron stars, it is very important to consider gravitational theories as general relativity, due to the determining influence on the behavior of the different types of stars, since some objects show densities even bigger than nuclear density. This paper starts with Einstein’s equations for a perfect fluid and then we present a uniparametric stellar model which allows to describe

A static anisotropic relativistic fluid sphere model with regular geometry and finite hydrostatic functions is presented. In the interior of the sphere, the density, radial pressure and tangential pressure are positives, monotonically decreasing with increasing radius and the radial pressure vanishes at the surface of the matter distribution and is joined continuously to the exterior Schwarzschild’s

We established the criteria for thermal stability of a most general black hole in the form of a series of inequalities connecting second-order derivatives of the black hole mass with respect to its parameters. The mass of a black hole depends solely on these parameters, e.g. horizon area and electric charge are these parameters for non-rotating charged black hole. We also introduced the notion of “Quasi

The information theoretic concepts are crucial to study the quantum mechanical systems. In this paper, the information densities of 𝒫𝒯-symmetric potential have been demonstrated and their properties deeply analyzed. The position space and momentum space information entropy is obtained and Bialynicki-Birula–Mycielski inequality is saturated for different parameters of the potential. Some interesting

In this paper, we study the (2 + 1)-dimensional Klein–Gordon oscillator coupled to an external magnetic field, in which we change the standard partial derivatives for the Dunkl derivatives. We find the energy spectrum (Landau levels) in an algebraic way, by introducing three operators that close the su(1, 1) Lie algebra and from the theory of unitary representations. Also, we find the energy spectrum

Using a formulation of quantum mechanics based on orthogonal polynomials in the energy and physical parameters, we study quantum systems totally confined in space and with a linearly spaced energy spectrum. We present several examples of such systems, derive their corresponding potential functions, and plot some of their bound states.

This brief review presents current experimental evidence on the existence of deformed axially symmetric but reflection asymmetric or pear shapes in nuclei. A summary of the main findings on the properties of nuclear energy levels and electric transition probabilities is given. These experimental investigations have been possible due to the development of high efficiency gamma-detector arrays and production

In this paper, we present recent development in semi-classical description of static properties of nuclei. By employing the Wigner transform, we derive simple semiclassical approximations for evaluating properties of nuclear system. We present results of calculations of static properties, using the energy density functional associated with Skyrme effective nucleon–nucleon interaction. In particular

The 331 model with right-handed neutrinos is reassessed to investigate the CP violation in the quark sector. After the spontaneous symmetry breaking, the masses and physical fields of the particle content are obtained. The fermions content of the 331 model is enlarged to include exotic quarks with known electric charge and with masses defined at the TeV scale. The existence of these exotic quarks induces

In this paper, production of charmonium state 𝒬 in exclusive W→𝒬Ds(∗) decays is analyzed in the framework of both leading order Non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) and light-cone (LC) expansion models. Analytical and numerical predictions for the branching fractions of these decays in both the approaches are given. The typical value of the branching fractions is ∼10−11 and it turns out

We investigate and quantify bipartite and tripartite entanglement measures in two- and three-flavor neutrino oscillations. The bipartite entanglement is analogous to the entanglement swapping resulting from a beam splitter in quantum optics. We calculate various entanglement measures, such as the concurrence, negativity, and three-tangle for the three-neutrino system. The significant result is that

KNO scaling was put forward by Koba, Nielsen, and Olesen (KNO) in 1972. Although it is an important tool for explaining multiplicity distributions and formulated for the asymptotic energies, it has been applied at a finite energy range where its formulation is not self-consistent. A consistent generalization, known as KNO-G scaling, was done by Golokhvastov in 1977 to make it self-consistent. Then

The generalized Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) oscillator with electromagnetic interactions in the curved spacetimes is investigated. We introduce firstly the generalized DKP oscillator in Som–Raychaudhuri spacetime with Cornell potential. Then, we consider the electromagnetic interactions into the generalized DKP oscillator. The energy eigenvalues and eigenfunction of our problem are obtained. The effects

We study dynamics of local quantum uncertainty (LQU) for a system of two cavities and two reservoirs. In the start, the cavities are treated as two qubits which are quantum correlated with each other, whereas reservoirs (also qubits) are neither correlated with each other nor with cavities. We answer two main questions in this work. First, how local quantum uncertainty decays from two quantum correlated

We consider a generalized multi-photon interaction of two collectively two-level atoms with two-mode of electromagnetic field in the presence of Kerr medium and intensity-dependent coupling. We show that this atomic system possesses supersymmetric structure. We solved this system by virtue of supersymmetric unitary transformation. The supersymmetric generators of this atomic system are constructed

With the development of quantum computing, the application of it to image processing has lots of advantages compared to classical image processing. In this paper, we propose a scheme to extract the interest point in quantum images. Interest point is a kind of feature point which can help to identify the target object in the image. Our scheme is based on the idea of Luminance Contrast (LC) algorithm

We portray the structure of quantum gravity emerging from recent progress in understanding the quantum mechanics of an evaporating black hole. Quantum gravity admits two different descriptions, based on Euclidean gravitational path integral and a unitarily evolving holographic quantum system, which appear to present vastly different pictures under the existence of a black hole. Nevertheless, these

Starting with an entropy that includes volumetric, area and length terms as well as logarithmic contributions, we derive the corresponding modified Newtonian gravity and derive the expression for planetary orbits. We calculate the shift of the perihelion of Mercury to find bounds to the parameters associated to the modified Newtonian gravity. We compare the parameter associated to the volumetric contribution

In this paper, we discussed optical properties of the nonlinear magnetic charged black hole surrounded by quintessence with a nonzero cosmological constant Λ. Setting the state parameter ω=−3/2, we studied the horizons, the photon region and the shadow of this black hole. It turned out that for a fixed quintessential parameter γ, in a certain range, with the increase of the rotation parameter a and

In this paper, we reconstruct the late-time cosmological dynamics using a purely kinematic approach. In particular, considering a divergence-free parametrization for deceleration parameter q, we first derive the jerk parameter j and then confront it with combination of various cosmological datasets. We use the most recent observational datasets consisting of the 1048 Pantheon Supernovae Ia data points

In this paper, our purpose is to discuss the dynamical aspects of Kaluza–Klein five-dimensional cosmological model filled with minimally interacting baryonic matter and dark energy (DE) in the presence of an attractive massive scalar field. We obtain a determinate solution of the Einstein field equations using (i) a relation between the metric potentials and (ii) a power law relation between the average

In this paper, we analyze the universe evolution and phase space behavior of the Umami Chaplygin model, where the Umami Chaplygin fluid replaces both a dark energy and a dark and baryonic matter. We find the Umami Chaplygin model can be stable against perturbations under some conditions and can be used to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration. The results of phase space analysis show that there