OBJECTIVE:Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) on multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) images is a difficult task in many TB prevalent locations in which experienced radiologists are lacking. To address this difficulty, we develop an automated detection system based on artificial intelligence (AI)in this study to simplify the diagnostic process of active tuberculosis (ATB) and improve the diagnostic

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis, a silent killing disease of fracture risk, is normally determined based on the bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score values measured in bone. However, development of standard algorithms for accurate segmentation and BMD measurement from X-ray images is a challenge in the medical field. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this work is to more accurately measure BMD from X-ray images,

Human eye is affected by the different eye diseases including choroidal neovascularization (CNV), diabetic macular edema (DME) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This work aims to design an artificial intelligence (AI) based clinical decision support system for eye disease detection and classification to assist the ophthalmologists more effectively detecting and classifying CNV, DME and drusen

BACKGROUND:Triple-energy computed tomography (TECT) can obtain x-ray attenuation measurements at three energy spectra, thereby allowing identification of different material compositions with same or very similar attenuation coefficients. This ability is known as material decomposition, which can decompose TECT images into different basis material image. However, the basis material image would be severely

BACKGROUND:Although computed tomography (CT) is a powerful diagnostic imaging modality for diagnosing vascular diseases, it is some what risky to human health due to the high radiation dosage. Thus, CT vendors have developed low dose computed tomography (LDCT) aiming to solve this problem. Nowadays, LDCT has gradually become a main stream of CT examination. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to assess the

BACKGROUND:In regular examinations, it may be difficult to visually identify benign and malignant liver tumors based on plain computed tomography (CT) images. RCAD (radiomics-based computer-aided diagnosis) has proven to be helpful and provide interpretability in clinical use. OBJECTIVE:This work aims to develop a CT-based radiomics signature and investigate its correlation with malignant/benign liver

BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. Computed tomography (CT) is the standard medical modality for early lung nodule detection and diagnosis that improves patient’s survival rate. Recently, deep learning algorithms, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs),have become a preferred methodology for developing computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) schemes

BACKGROUND:Pneumonia caused by COVID-19 shares overlapping imaging manifestations with other types of pneumonia. How to objectively and quantitatively differentiate pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 virus remains clinical challenge. OBJECTIVE:To formulate standardized scoring criteria and an objective quantization standard to guide decision making in detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 virus

Meningioma is among the most common primary tumors of the brain. The firmness of Meningioma is a critical factor that influences operative strategy and patient counseling. Conventional methods to predict the tumor firmness rely on the correlation between the consistency of Meningioma and their preoperative MRI findings such as the signal intensity ratio between the tumor and the normal grey matter

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the utility of radiomics analysis for differentiating benign and malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). METHODS:A retrospective dataset involving 218 and 51 patients with histology-confirmed benign and malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors was used in this study. A total of 396 radiomic features were extracted from the DW images. Analysis

INTRODUCTION:Testicular infarction is a rare complication of prolonged epididymitis and may be misdiagnosed as testicular torsion. In this study, we present three cases of testicular infarction and discuss their clinical characteristics, imaging features and clinical management. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Three adult males with prolonged epididymitis presented with chronic unilateral testicular pain, tenderness

The objective of this study is to determine X-ray dose distribution and the correlation between central, peripheral and weighted-centre peripheral doses for various phantom sizes and tube voltages in computed tomography (CT). We used phantoms developed in-house, with various water-equivalent diameters (Dw) from 8.5 up to 42.1 cm. The phantoms have one hole in the centre and four holes at the periphery

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and computed tomographic (CT) features in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) amplification of the viral DNA from a sputum sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical information and CT findings of a total of 14 patients with COVID-19 infection (age range, 12–83 years; females

Abstract PURPOSE: To analyze clinical and thin-section computed tomographic (CT) data from the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to predict the development of pulmonary fibrosis after hospital discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine patients (31 males and 28 females ranging from 25 to 70 years old) with confirmed COVID-19 infection performed follow-up thin-section thorax CT. After 31

Abstract Recently, COVID-19 has spread in more than 100 countries and regions around the world, raising grave global concerns. COVID-19 transmits mainly through respiratory droplets and close contacts, causing cluster infections. The symptoms are dominantly fever, fatigue, and dry cough, and can be complicated with tiredness, sore throat, and headache. A few patients have symptoms such as stuffy nose

BACKGROUND:High-resolution, low-noise detectors with minimal dead-space at chest-wall could improve posterior coverage and microcalcification visibility in the dedicated cone-beam breast CT (CBBCT). However, the smaller field-of-view necessitates laterally-shifted detector geometry to enable optimizing the air-gap for x-ray scatter rejection. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate laterally-shifted detector geometry

Recently, lung cancer has been paid more and more attention. People have reached a consensus that early detection and early treatment can improve the survival rate of patients. Among them, pulmonary nodules are the important reference for doctors to determine the lung health. With the continuous improvement of CT image resolution, more suspected pulmonary nodule information appears from the impact

PURPOSE:To predict programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by using a radiomics study based on CT images and clinicopathologic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 390 confirmed NSCLC patients who performed chest CT scan and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination of PD-L1 of lung tumors with clinic data were collected in this

OBJECTIVE:Since in-house phantoms may provide effective quality control for gamma cameras in clinical settings, this study aims to assess an in-house phantom designed to perform quality control tests of a gamma camera using locally available, affordable materials. This is of particular importance in developing countries where scientific support may not be readily available. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The

BACKGROUND:Surgery is usually recommended to treat retroperitoneal tumors. However, complete surgical resections often remain challenging. OBJECTIVE:To assess the assistant role of three-dimensional (3D) imaging and printing model in retroperitoneal tumor resection, as well as compare the difference between 3D printing and computed tomography (CT) in preoperative planning and confidence building. METHODS:We

In this paper, we present a review of the research literature regarding applying X-ray imaging of baggage scrutiny at airport. It discusses multiple X-ray imaging inspection systems used in airports for detecting dangerous objects inside the baggage. Moreover, it also explains the dual energy X-rayimage fusion and image enhancement factors. Different types of noises in digital images and noise models

BACKGROUND:Threat Image Projection (TIP) is a technique used in X-ray security baggage screening systems that superimposes a threat object signature onto a benign X-ray baggage image in a plausible and realistic manner. It has been shown to be highly effective in evaluating the ongoing performanceof human operators, improving their vigilance and performance on threat detection. OBJECTIVE:With the increasing

BACKGROUND Brain tumor segmentation plays an important role in assisting diagnosis of disease, treatment plan planning, and surgical navigation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to improve the accuracy of tumor boundary segmentation using the multi-scale U-Net network. METHODS In this study, a novel U-Net with dilated convolution (DCU-Net) structure is proposed for brain tumor segmentation based on the classic

During radiotherapy for head and neck tumours, the oral cavity and cheek area would be inevitably exposed to high energy radiation; thus, the material surface of the teeth, dental restorations with high atomic number, or alloy prosthodontics would generate backscatter electrons that cause the buccal mucosa adjacent to these materials to receive localized high dose enhancement, which primarily leads

OBJECTIVE To evaluate skeletal and dental changes in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry after surgical-orthodontic treatment using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). METHODS This study included forty adult patients diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion and asymmetry who underwent either isolated mandibular surgery or bimaxillary surgery. CBCT scans were

Computed tomography (CT) has been widely applied in medical diagnosis, nondestructive evaluation, homeland security, and other science and engineering applications. Image reconstruction is one of the core CT imaging technologies. In this review paper, we systematically reviewed the currently publicly available CT image reconstruction open source toolkits in the aspects of their environments, object

The automatic classification of breast cancer pathological images has important clinical application value. However, to develop the classification algorithm using the artificially extracted image features faces several challenges including the requirement of professional domain knowledge to extract and compute highiquality image features, which are often time-consuming, laborious, and difficult. For

OBJECTIVE Several physical factors such as dose rate and photon energy may change response and sensitivity of polymer gel dosimeters. This study aims to evaluate the R2-dose response and sensitivity dependence of PASSAG-U gel dosimeters with 3% and 5% urea on dose rate and photon energy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PASSAG-U gel dosimeters were prepared under normal atmospheric conditions. The obtained

BACKGROUND Diagnostic quality of computed tomography (CT) images depends on numerous factors. Recently, two different modalities were introduced for coronary CT angiography (CCTA). OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the performance of 16 cm wide-coverage detector CT (WDCT) using the snapshot freeze technique with a new-generation dual-source CT (DSCT) with 66 ms temporal resolution for CCTA. METHODS

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and mammography for plasma cell mastitis. METHODS The ultrasonographic and mammographic images of 111 women with histopathologically confirmed plasma cell mastitis were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of the two imaging methods was compared. RESULTS Ultrasonography identified 91 out of 111 (82.0%) patients with plasma cell

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effectiveness of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection with and without needle release of the A1 pulley in treating trigger finger. METHODS A total of 60 patients with trigger finger were enrolled in this retrospective study. Among them, 30 patients were treated with ultrasound-guided needle release of the A1 pulley with corticosteroid injection (group A) and

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the value of optimizing non-contrast head imaging tasks by using the multiple virtual monochromatic spectral imaging (VMSI) sets in dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT) and determine the optimal energy levels for various tasks in imaging head. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study includes 55 patients (29 women and 26 men, average age of 54.5±12.3years) who

OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of CT-based radiomics signature for preoperatively discriminating mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) from nomucinous adenocarcinoma (NMA) in rectal cancer and compare with conventional CT values. METHOD A total of 225 patients with histologically confirmed MA or NMA of rectal cancer were retrospectively enrolled. Radiomics features were computed from the entire tumor volume

OBJECTIVE To investigate the measurement reproducibility of the maximum diameter on MRI routine sequence (T1WI, T2WI, DWI) and CT in peripheral and central lung cancer, and to provide reference standard for evaluating treatment responses for lung cancer. METHODS 53 patients with lung cancer underwent CT and 3.0T MR scanning. The maximum diameter was measured according to the RECIST1.1 standard on images

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between carotid artery stenosis (CAS) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the coronary stenosis (CS) determined by computed tomography angiography (CTA). METHODS In this prospective study, 42 subjects diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent MRI and CTA examinations. The severity degree and number of CAS, the score, detection rate

INTRODUCTION To report the management and outcome of one case of pediatric patient sustaining high-grade blunt renal trauma. We present and discuss the clinical characteristics and radiologic features of the patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 10 years old child was admitted for serious blunt renal trauma formed a huge urinoma in the right renal after injury gradually in 2018. We treated the patient with

BACKGROUND Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces radiation damage to patients. However, with the decrease of radiation dose, LDCT images of the lung often appear some serious problems such as poor contrast, noise and streak artifacts. OBJECTIVE To improve the quality of lung LDCT images, this study proposed and investigated a new denoising method based on classification training structure combined

BACKGROUND Automatic segmentation of pulmonary airway tree is a challenging task in many clinical applications, including developing computer-aided detection and diagnosis schemes of lung diseases. OBJECTIVE To segment the pulmonary airway tree from the computed tomography (CT) chest images using a novel automatic method proposed in this study. METHODS This method combines a two-pass region growing

OBJECTIVE Since most radiation treatment plans are based on computed tomography (CT) images, which makes it difficult to define the targeted tumor volume located near a metal implant, this study aims to evaluate and compare three treatment plans in order to optimally reduce geometrical uncertainty in external radiation treatment of localized prostate cancer. METHODS Experimental subjects were three

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes of maxillary expansion and upper airway structure after microimplant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS This retrospective study included 19 subjects (15 females and 4 males) aged 15-29 years old (mean, 19.95±4.39 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency treated with MARPE. CBCT was performed at the initial

The 450 kV X-ray sources typically have large focal spot sizes that lead to low spatial resolution of the computed tomography (CT) images. This work developed and tested a new method to improve spatial resolution of CT images generated using the 450 kV X-ray sources. The proposed method relies on using the vertical subpixel detector shifting and deconvolution to generate a projection-set that has double

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a common disease in women. Early detection and early treatment can reduce breast cancer mortality. Studies have shown that breast cancer microcalcifications is one of the important clinical manifestations of early breast cancer, and sometimes even the only manifestation. When the mammography image shows typical malignant microcalcification, it can be diagnosed as breast

PURPOSE To explore whether volumetric measurements of 3D-CUBE sequences based on baseline and early treatment time can predict neoadjuvent chemotherapy (NCT) efficacy of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). MATERIAL AND METHOD 73 patients with LARC were enrolled from February 2014 to January 2018. All patients underwent MRIs during the baseline period before NCT (BL-NCT) and the first month of NCT

BACKGROUND Modern industrial facilities urgently need effective wireless communication technology to monitor instruments and equipment, but electromagnetic interference and physical shielding often exist in these fields, thereby preventing traditional communication methods from working correctly. OBJECTIVE As a special wireless optical communication technology, X-ray communication (XCOM) is expected

OBJECTIVE To elevate safety and efficacy of en bloc transurethral resection with 980 nm laser as treatment for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). METHODS Total 84 cases were enrolled in this study. Among them, 36 and 48 cases underwent treatment using the 980 nm laser and the traditional TUR-BT procedure, respectively. The peri-operative characteristics (tumor size, tumor multiplicity

PURPOSE Segmentation of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the left ventricle (LV) plays a key role in quantifying the volumetric functions of the heart, such as the area, volume, and ejection fraction. Traditionally, LV segmentation is performed manually by experienced experts, which is both time-consuming and prone to subjective bias. This study aims to develop a novel capsule-based automated segmentation

BACKGROUND Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) has potential for detecting germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). However, it has not been demonstrated in vivo. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of TAT for in vivo detecting GMH by using neonatal mouse. METHODS A cylindrical-scanning TAT system was developed with optimized microwave irradiation and ultrasound detection for neonatal mouse

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of a novel guidance method of pedicle screw implantation determined by spinal stress. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients underwent pedicle screw internal fixation between January 2015 and August 2018 in our hospital. Patients were divided into two groups according to the methods of pedicle screw implantation namely, the conventional nail placement and novel

BACKGROUND The screening of baggage using X-ray scanners is now routine in aviation security with automatic threat detection approaches, based on 3D X-ray computed tomography (CT) images, known as Automatic Threat Recognition (ATR) within the aviation security industry. These current strategies use pre-defined threat material signatures in contrast to adaptability towards new and emerging threat signatures

OBJECTIVE To develop and test a novel method for automatic quantification of hepatic steatosis in histologic images based on the deep learning scheme designed to predict the fat ratio directly, which aims to improve accuracy in diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with objective assessment of the severity of hepatic steatosis instead of subjective visual estimation. MATERIALS AND

BACKGROUND X-ray imaging is a crucial and ubiquitous tool for detecting threats to transport security, but interpretation of the images presents a logistical bottleneck. Recent advances in Deep Learning image classification offer hope of improving throughput through automation. However, Deep Learning methods require large quantities of labelled training data. While photographic data is cheap and plentiful

PURPOSE To test the feasibility of differentiate gastric cancer from gastric stromal tumor using a radiomics study based on contrast-enhanced CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS The contrast-enhanced CT image data of 60 patients with gastric cancer and 40 patients with gastric stromal tumor confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively analyzed. First, CT images were read by two senior radiologists

OBJECTIVE To compare image quality, radiation dose, and iodine intake of head-neck CT angiography (CTA) acquired by wide-detector with the gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) combination with low iodine intake or routine scan protocol. METHODS Three hundred patients who had head-neck CTA were enrolled and divided into three groups according to their BMI values: group A (18.5 kg/m2 ≦ BMI <24.9 kg/m2), group

OBJECTIVE Radiogenomics investigates radiographic imaging phenotypes associated with gene expression patterns. This study aims to explore relationships between CT imaging radiomics features and gene expression data in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Eighty-nine NSCLC patients are included in the study. Radiomics features are extracted and selected to quantify the phenotype of tumors on

BACKGROUND Iterative reconstruction is well-established in diagnostic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for dose reduction and image quality enhancement. Its application to diagnostic cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is only emerging and warrants a quantitative evaluation. METHODS Several phantoms and a canine head specimen were imaged using a commercially available small-field CBCT scanner

BACKGROUND Segmentation of prostate from magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a critical process for guiding prostate puncture and biopsy. Currently, the best results are obtained by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). However, challenges still exist when applying CNN to segment prostate, such as data distribution issue caused by insubstantial and inconsistent intensity levels and vague boundaries in

PURPOSE To reduce the cost of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning systems, image reconstruction algorithms for low-sampled data have been extensively studied. However, the current method based on total variation (TV) minimization regularization nested in the maximum likelihood-expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm cannot distinguish true structures from noise resulting losing some fine

Based on the structural tensor of projection, this study aims to address and test a new improved algorithm applying to the distort projection data to generate a high qualified image by reducing the artifacts and noise from scattering in the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Since the scattering information has a large relationship with the structure of the object, which is reflected by the projection

BACKGROUND Intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) system has been developed focusing on combining the advanced imaging techniques for the best imaging modality. However, the use of iCT system in the operating rooms is limited due to the lack of flexible mobility. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop a mobile iCT imaging system and assess its imaging performance in a phantom study. METHODS The mobile