In this paper, the Φ6-model expansion method is applied to obtain the new exact solutions of the perturbed Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation that appears with Kerr law nonlinearity. The obtained exact solutions are based on the Jacobi elliptic function, hyperbolic function and trigonometric function solutions. Specific values of the parameters consistent with the constraint conditions are also

In conventional red color lighting LED lamp for vehicles are composed of red color lighting LED and additional transparent or red lenses. Generally red color lighting LED is based on the semiconductor materials as AlGaInP, AlGaAs or GaAsP. Such RED LEDs are mostly affected by temperature. As the temperature increases, the luminous flux droops sharply and lighting efficiency decreases accordingly. In

We propose a high-efficiency scheme to generate THz waves combined with optimized cascaded difference frequency generation (OCDFG) and optical parametric oscillator (OPO) consisting of a periodic poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal or an aperiodic poled lithium niobate (APPLN) crystal at 100 K. The phase mismatches of the OCDFG are decreased in cascaded Stokes processes and increased in cascaded anti-Stokes

CS (compressive sensing) is adept in the signals of X-ray pulsars. The observation matrix in CS is a core technology. In the CS for X-ray pulsars, the observation matrix has three significant indexes: simple computation, arbitrary size and high precision. To optimize the observation matrix, we propose a quick quantum-based CS, and apply it to the pulsar positioning and velocimetry approach. In the

Traveling wave reduction of the resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation with arbitrary refractive index is considered. The system of equations for real and imaginary parts is presented. The first integrals for the system of equations are found. This system of equations is transformed to the only governing nonlinear ordinary differential equations of the first order. Exact solutions in the form of periodic

The present work reports the good sensing characteristics of ternary CuO:SnO2:ZnO (1:1:1) thin films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique towards the detection of NH3 gas. The crystalline nature of the films was observed after annealing the films at 1000 °C. A remarkable variation was observed in the surface morphology (tiny spherical particle, hexagon and cauliflower shaped structure)

A comparative performance analysis of selenium composition variation in Cu2ZnSn(SXSe1-X)4 is analytically performed in this paper. We obtained the optimal stoichiometry (Cu2ZnSnS1.8Se2.2) where efficiency is highest. Comparative simulation brings out the trend of device characteristics variation with stoichiometry. The comparative simulation for band diagram shows the band banding at rear in CZTS whereas

The back-scattered cross section from a sparse distribution of tilted thin circular dielectric disks have been investigated using numerical simulations. Three widely known scattering approximations from a dielectric disk such as Rayleigh–Gans, Koh–Sarabandi and volumetric integral physical optics have been used for the proposed theory. The influences of the various parameters including incident angle

This research article yields solitons for Fokas–Lennel’s equation. A couple of integration approaches recover bright and singular soliton solutions together with their existence criteria.

The optical behavior of GaAs/AlAs based 1D multi-layered quasi-periodic photonic crystal is investigated by employing the transfer matrix method (TMM). The complex dielectric constants are employed for analyzing the transmission spectra of the crystal at the long-wave limit. The numerical results are studied for different quasi-periodic sequential arrangements of GaAs/AlAs, which is also compared with

Photonic bandgap (PBG) and its defect mode are two representative characteristics of plasma photonic crystals (PPC), which make them have important industrial applications in photonic crystal waveguides, filters, antennas, and other devices. In this paper, we apply the symplectic multi-resolution time-domain (S-MRTD) scheme to analyze these two properties. Firstly, the characteristics of PBG are analyzed

A hybrid method is presented for computing the TM polarized plane wave scattered by an inhomogeneous penetrable cylinder embedded in the planar interface between two dielectric half-spaces. In this method, the infinite interface is represented by an unknown equivalent magnetic current, which is expressed in terms of the difference between the current with the cylinder present and the current of the

A series of phosphors Eu3+-activated Sr2Nb2O7 red emitting phosphors were synthesized using a solid-state method in high temperature air. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that the single phase was obtained and the particles illustrated a narrow size distribution of about 0.75 μm. The excitation and emission spectrum show that the phosphor can be excited under the light of 393 nm or 465 nm

In this study, a new method of measuring LED junction temperature is given. The linear relative radiant power/temperature variation has been utilized in this method. This method can be applied at pulsed high currents of LED. The measurement system used here consists of a pulse oscillator, an appropriate LED driving circuit and a photodetector circuit. A photodetector voltage, which is proportional

La2NiO4 elaborated by nitrate route gives a positive result when used as a catalyst for the hydrogen photo-evolution. The prepared oxide crystallizes in the tetragonal K2NiF4 structure I4/mmm. The BET method was used to determine the specific surface area (4.91 m2/g); such value could suggest an interesting catalytic activity. Optical, electrical and photo-electrochemical properties have been studied

In this paper, the problem on quantum key distribution (QKD) is discussed. Firstly, based on the framework of BB84 protocol and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, a kind of QKD scheme is proposed; then, theoretical analysis is conducted to justify the QKD scheme; finally, some examples have been included, and the results show that the given QKD scheme not only inherits the simple and practical property

A novel dual side-polished photonic crystal fiber (DSP-PCF) refractive index (RI) sensor is proposed for the RI detection range of 1.30-1.35. An active plasmonic metal gold (Au) is deposited on a polished flat fiber surface to generate plasmons so that it can detect the change in RIs of its surrounding medium. A thin titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer is coated to assist the adhesion of Au layer with silica-based

This study proposed the method of “differential analysis” based on the study and analysis of the die-bonding technology in semiconductor laser packaging by using the analysis of ray tracing and thermal characteristics to explore the influence of the differential (Δx,the position error between the laser chip and the Submount) on the optical efficiency and heat dissipation performance of the device.

In this study, the effect of bending on proposed PCF based SPR biosensor has been analysed by employing the Full vectorial Finite Element Method (FVFEM) with Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs). The spectral interrogation method is chosen to calculate the sensitivity and the resolution of the proposed sensor structure. The blood components (water, cytop, blood plasma, white blood cell (WBC)) refractive

We propose a method to correct the error induced by the obscurations of Ritchey-Chretien (R-C) collimators, when measuring modulation transfer function (MTF) of high-resolution space cameras by the ISO 12233 slanted-edge method. The obscurations of an R-C collimator include the secondary mirror (SM) and its supporting bars. Mathematical models are derived to simulate possible obscurations by virtual

Pure and Ni-Co dual doped CdSe thin films were deposited on glass substrate by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The deposited thin films were annealed for 1 hour at 500 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS Spectroscopy were used to study the structural and optical properties of the prepared thin films. XRD studies revealed the hexagonal phase for pure CdSe, CdSe: 0%Ni-8%Co, CdSe: 2%Ni-6%Co

Nanorods of aluminum doped zinc oxide films (AZO) were grown on borosilicate glass substrates using an rf-sputtering technique combining simultaneously substrate twisting motion frequency with sustained rotation. Twist-motion frequency of 0.35, 0.5, and, 0.75 Hz between 40° to -40° taking the horizontal plane as reference was adjusted. Effects of this twist-motion frequency as a function of the sustained

In this paper we focus on investigation of GaP volume fraction in GaP nanowires (NWs) prepared on GaP substrates by MOVPE using VLS mode. For this purpose, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image processing methods were used showing a good agreement. In ellipsometry, composition of GaP and void was modeled using linear gradient model in combination with Bruggeman

Understanding mechanical and optical responses is significantly important for the development and application of nanowire devices. Hence, special structures are required to provide a level of performance that is adequate for the given application. With this breakthrough, in this work, a model is proposed by combining finite element modeling (FEM) software package ABAQUS and three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference

We report on cost-effective recycling of crab shell biowaste and synthesis of luminescent powders. XRD, thermogravimetric and, FTIR analysis revealed that calcination temperature must be beyond ∼800 °C to recycle biowastes crab (Ucides cordatus) shell into crystalline powder composed of CaO, and a small amount of CaCO3, NaCa(PO4), MgO, and Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂. SEM analysis revealed that calcination of

Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light devices are receiving widely attention due to their potential use in sterilization and water purification, in particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Photoluminescence detectors that demonstrate the existence of DUV light invisible to our eyes are of importance. Herein, we proposed a process intensified approach via high-gravity reactive precipitation combined with

We show that the necessary conditions are met for the existence of stable circulating light in the ordinary atmosphere of the earth. Circulating light is a thin spherical layer of highly compressed air in which intense white light circulates in all possible directions. The reflective index of highly compressed air is increased compared to that of the surrounding area. In this case, a thin layer of

Sheet-like and rod-like nano Ca5(PO4)3(OH):0.05 Eu3+, xLi+(x = 0.01-0.07) phosphors were prepared by hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology and luminescent properties of samples were characterized by XRD, EDS, SEM, TEM and PL. The effects of morphology and Li+ doping on the luminescent properties of Ca5(PO4)3(OH):Eu3+ were studied. The results show that Li+ doping has little effect on the luminescent

Based on fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE), we have emphatically investigated the evolution of Airy-Gaussian (AiG) beams under Gaussian potential by split-step Fourier method. Only when beam is incident vertically can splitting occur. When taking Gaussian potentials into account, periodic evolution can be achieved by assigning appropriate values to barrier parameters, avoiding the transmission

Ca3La3-x(BO3)5:xTb (x = 0.005 to 0.10) phosphors were synthesized by the sol-gel process. The formation of the sol-gel products was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The samples were also characterized by FTIR spectroscopy to study the nature of bonding between boron and oxygen ions. The luminescence properties of the synthesized products were examined under ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum

To realize the underwater polarization navigation, the study of underwater polarization patterns is necessary. The current method is mainly numerical simulation because of detection equipment and experimental environment limitations. In the paper, we establish the model to simulate the underwater polarization patterns under different conditions and design the experiment to study the effect of various

Highly near infrared luminescent Pb1-xYbxS QDs were prepared using tert-dodecylmercaptan assisted microwave technique. The Pb1-xYbxS QDs showed sizes range from 3.4 to 9.8 nm with narrow distribution. The quantum dot size to excitonic Bohr radius ratio for the Pb1-xYbxS QDs was found in the range 0.05 to 0.09, implying the strong degree of confinement. The optical absorption spectra disclosed the decrease

A nonlocal theory of Weibel instability of a relativistic electron beam, propagating through a plasma channel, is developed in the slab geometry. For beam density greater than the plasma density (n0b≥n0), the beam of finite spot size pushes the plasma electrons out of the beam region and imparts return velocity to plasma electrons in the outer region. The relative drift between the inner region beam

Zinc titanate (ZnTiO3) phosphors containing Er3+/Yb3+ as active ions have been synthesized by using the solid state reaction method. The structural, surface morphology and optical properties of the Er3+/Yb3+ ZnTiO3 phosphors have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, EDX, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman analysis. The quantum computational program has been employed to investigate

The influence of phase difference in laser interference lithography system is often ignored by researchers. In this paper, we simulated the interference process of dual-beam, three-beam and four-beam, and the influence of phase difference on the interference effect was discussed in detail. The simulation results show that in the process of dual-beam and three-beam interference, the change of phase

In this paper, hyperbolic sinusoidal Gaussian(HSG) beam propagates in uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the propagation axis. Received field expression is evaluated analytically based upon Huygens-Fresnel integration. Numerical results are plotted in order to analyze the effect of variations in source beam parameters, crystal refractive index features, and propagation distance. We investigate that beam

Samples of ZnO/TiO2 bilayer films with various layer thickness were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed the absence of sharp peaks and confirms the amorphous nature of the samples under study. The absorption spectra of ZnO/TiO2 for the three samples were obtained in view of incident wavelength range (350–700 nm). The absorption spectra were used

A novel Tb3+ ions doped barium strontium fluorosilicate (Tb3+: BSFS) glasses were synthesized with melt-quenching, of which chemical composition was (55-x) SiO2 + 10 BaCO3 + 10 SrCO3 + 15 CaF2 + 10 ZnO + x Tb4O7, x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 & 2.0 wt. %. And its structural, physical and optical properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that this Tb3+: BSFS was amorphous, a glass in nature

The present paper introduces a method for measuring the atmospheric coherent time which is based on Fast Defocus method (FADE). The configuration of the system is modified in which, instead of an annular aperture, a mask with 8 or 4 regular apertures is used. In FADE there is an optics behind the telescope to make an annular image of the star at focus but in the current method, the image of the star

Quantum equations describing a moving charged quantum particle are derived. The electric nature is described by the current and charge densities, J→ and ρ; and the quantum nature by the particle mass, wavefunctions, ψ→ and ψ0. The vector wavefunction, ψ→ is found to act along the current direction. The energy of the matter fields concomitant with a particle is found to flow along the current direction

This paper studies cubic–quartic Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel model with three integration algorithms. A spectrum of single as well as straddled soliton solutions emerge along with their existence criteria that naturally fall out from the schemes. These pave way to further future investigations to the governing model along with its extensions and generalizations.

The plasma density and the reduced-electric-field (REF) parameters of CO2 gas laser have been measured and calculated at the maximum and minimum discharge current in terms of the similarity variable in order to investigate the discharge regimes. These parameters have been obtained with various combinations of ratios of CO2: N2: He gases. The obtained results were based on a new definition of the reduced

We have proposed and investigated a DUV LED device with anti-trapezoidal quaternary electron blocking layer (EBL) numerically. The simulation results show that the anti-trapezoidal quaternary EBL is a better approach for diminishing the electron overflow and boosting the hole into the active region. This improves radiative recombination, which is responsible for the significant enhancement in IQE and

In this paper, a MIM metasurface is suggested for optical sensing based on nanorods of DNA which are placed over the metal layer. The nanorods can increase the absorption of the energy and thus the reflection value reduces extremely in comparison to the uncoated surface. Here, the nanorods of DNA are used to amend the reflection from -23 to -37 dB and so the Q-factor is increased from 90 to 784 at

Ni doped ZnSe nanospheres in presence of PVA have been synthesized via a cost effective and simple solvothermal method. The structural and rnorphological characterization of as undoped and doped samples have been made using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FESEM imaging techniques and it reveals the formation of Ni doped ZnSe nanospheres with crystallite size 6 nm. The observed red shift in absorption edge

In this study, the application of chemometrics-assisted UV spectrophotometry was presented for the simultaneous determination of Risperidone (RIS) and Haloperidol (HP) in binary mixtures and biological fluid. The basis of the spectrophotometric procedure were the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), fuzzy inference system (FIS), and adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods. A

As one of the important factors, the vibration of the carrier aircraft has its impact on the imaging quality of an aspherical aerial camera. To analyze the imaging quality of the aspherical aerial camera under the vibration of the carrier aircraft, a mathematical model is established in this paper based on the theory of the transfer function and the carrier aircraft vibration principle to describe

Bias emission voltage and dose-dependent current gain are the key parameters to detect the physical performance of bipolar transistors. Firstly, the effect of X-light with energy 22.1 and 25.0 keV from 109Cd on the current gain of lateral PNP bipolar transistors is measured. The substantial difference of current gain with the variation of bias and emission voltage is observed. Then, on basis of the

The photonic crystals based semiconductor quantum dots have revealed auspicious characteristics for the optoelectronic devices. The most difficult way to achieve lasing lies in the creation of sufficient nonradiated Auger recombination’s process. Therefore, there is a real demand to enhance the lasing efficiency, either by increasing the concentration of quantum dots or through the improving of the

In order to optimize the performance of the ultraviolet photodetectors, a dual-band detector with light trapping effect is fabricated by using a hydrothermal method. By adding Mg into ZnO material can form Mg0.2Zn0.8O alloy which results the band gap increases and the detection region extends to the shorter wavelength. With the introduction of nanowires, the responsivity increases which is attributed

Vector Bessel beams (VBBs) contain non-uniform polarization distributions on the cross-section and non-diffraction characteristics, have been widely used in many fields, including optical trapping, optical microscope, optical communication, etc. Here, we propose a theoretical model to obtain anomalous-VBBs with polarization order dependent on propagation distance. Based on geometrical optics principle

Optical constants of Zn and Cd polycrystalline metals are measured using both quasi polarizing angle and principal angle of incidence methods at wavelength 633 nm. The quasi polarizing angle is the angle at which the intensity of the p-polarized reflection component reaches its minimum value. It depends only on the rotation of the sample using a rotating stage (with accuracy ± 0.1º) without moving

Plasma cladded optical fiber (PCOF) is numerically investigated which exhibits tunable guiding properties. The effect of plasma frequency on mode field diameter, longitudinal propagation constant and modal dispersion are investigated thoroughly. It is shown that propagation features of PCOFs could be manipulated dynamically (online) by varying the plasma frequency; suggesting its potential applications

A novel ripple ring resonator (RRR) structure is proposed and analyzed by coupling two and three optical microring resonators (OMRRs). All-optical arithmetic logic unit (ALU) with seven operations is presented using the proposed RRR structure. The mathematical pedestal is derived in Z-domain using delay line signal processing. The simulation presented using MATLAB. The RRR performance is analyzed in

Black phosphorus (BP) exhibits strong anisotropy due to its specific lattice structure. In this work, we propose an absorption structure in the terahertz band, in which a two-dimensional (2D) BP metamaterial is sandwiched between dielectric layers. The proposed structure demonstrates tunable anisotropic absorption using coupling mode theory. The absorption reaches 99.4% at the resonance frequency of

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules is influenced by environmental variables, especially shading. Partial shading makes the solar irradiance level of solar cells in PV modules uneven, thus reducing the performance of PV modules and even damaging the PV modules. In this work, the single diode model and the Bishop model are used to simulate the I–V characteristics of various half-cell modules