The performance of Simazine degradation using TiO2 nanotubes is strongly influenced by the morphology and structure of the nanotubes. TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized from pristine Titanium foil in ethylene glycol (EG)/NH4F/KOH solution using anodization technique. This study investigates the effect of fluoride concentration in the electrolytes on the efficiency of Simazine photodegradation. We found

An efficient continuous-wave (CW) and pulse Nd:GSGG laser at 936.3 nm is reported with the help of a simple and compact two-mirror cavity. The CW power at 936.3 nm is 2421 mW at a pump power of 10.1 W with a conversion efficiency of 23.7%. In the pulse regime, a passively Q-switched quasi-three energy Nd:GSGG at 936.3 nm is firstly achieved. The maximum peak power reaches 2.29 kW with an output power

We report on optical properties of undoped ZnO and Boron doped ZnO (B-ZnO) thin films prepared by sol-gel dip coating technique. Optical transmittance and reflectance were investigated to get a deeper insight into the optical properties and optoelectronic behavior of B-ZnO thin films. The main aim of this work is to resolve the major challenge facing researchers working on thin films of finding the

According to the delay feature, the efficient driving for deformable mirror can simplify the structure of system. A deformable mirror control algorithm on the basis of Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) is proposed. The control system including FCN can calculate the driving voltages of the deformable mirror according to the input signal, so as to realize the driving control of the deformable mirror

A sloshing wave was excited by an instant impulse after a collision. The parameters of the sloshing wave were measured with laser diffraction. The diffraction patterns of the sloshing wave were obtained experimentally at different depths with the same excitation conditions. The fringe spaces and intensities of the diffraction patterns were induced in accordance with the wavelength and amplitude of

We propose two schemes for achieving continuous and complete orbital angular momentum tuning using a simple device based on a phase only parallel aligned liquid crystal on silicon (PA-LCoS) display, where the tuning is done by combining two beams with opposite orbital angular momentum (OAM) and orthogonal polarization, whose relative weight is controlled by changing the input beam state of polarization

The thin films of Ti0.9F0.1-xCrxO2 (x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) have been deposited on Si (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique at substrate temperature of 630ᶱC. The deposition time was 60 min. The synthesized samples have been characterized by X-Ray diffractometer (XRD) for structural study, Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface

An imaging system of pulse-dilation framing camera with a larger drift area is proposed, the magnetic field is calculated and the electronic trajectories is traced, the influence of larger drift area on spatial performance is analyzed, the lager detection area and high spatial resolution of framing camera with larger drift area is discussed. The research results show that the better spatial performance

Er3+ doped and Er3+-Yb3+ codoped GdOBr powders were successfully synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The structural properties of the samples were confirmed by the X-ray diffraction patterns. Under 980 nm excitation, upconversion spectra composed of green and red bands originate from 2H11/2→4I15/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2 and 4F9/2→4I15/2 electronic transitions of Er3+ ions, respectively. Upconversion

Pesticide residues have become a global concern because of the threaten to human health. To realize the non-destructive detection of the pesticides containing in the drinking water, this work introduces multiple layers neural network algorithm to predict multiple kinds of pesticides with a single model of fluorescence spectra. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, four traditional pesticides

A passively Q-switched Ho:Sc2SiO5laser operating at 2107.2 nm with a few layered graphene saturable absorber is obtained, corresponding to a beam quality factors ofMx2=1.19 andMy2 =1.21. A maximum average output power of 1.37 W and pulse energy of 16.08 μJ was achieved at an incident pump power of 13.2 W. The shortest pulse width of 188.3 ns and maximum pulse repetition rate of 85.26 kHz were observed

A simple chemical spray pyrolysis technique was used to fabricate Ni and Co co-doped Fe2O3 thin films. All the co-doped layers are formed of α- Fe2O3 phase. The influence of the dual doping on the physical properties of the as deposited layers was investigated. The SEM and CM images revealed that co-doping changed the surface morphology of the Fe2O3 films. The main particle shape and size were significantly

This work deals with ZnS-coated TiO2 films prepared via liquid phase deposition and immersion techniques and then applied as photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells. The samples underwent annealing treatment at various annealing temperatures. The morphology of TiO2 is nanograss and covered by agglomerate and hexagonal ZnS layer. The anatase crystallite size, absorption peak wavelength and optical

The effect of anisotropic oceanic turbulence on propagation characteristics of twist Gaussian Schell-model array beams is investigated. The analytical expression for the cross-spectral density function of such beam propagating through turbulent ocean is derived and used to explore the evolution behavior of the spectral intensity and the degree of coherence. An example illustrates the fact that, the

We applied variant of calibration free laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) approach for the compositional analysis of standard Gd/Ge/Si alloy and solar cells. The double pulse laser induced plasma was produced on the sample surface and the emission spectra were recorded at optimized interpulse delay and energy ratio. The Plasma temperature, determined using Boltzmann plot, was used to determine

We have studied the barium titanate (BaTiO3) by using the CASTEP which based on density functional theory (DFT) under the correlation function of GGA and PBE. Material under study has been doped by Lanthanum (La) at the sites of Barium (Ba). Before and after doping we have calculated the different optical, structural and electronic properties and have been discussed in detail. After doping, reduction

We have carried out the structural, electronic and optical properties of Iron (Fe)-doped TiO2 thin films by sol-gel technique. The results revealed that the thin films form in a granular structure where particle-like grains covers the surface. Photophysical features of the thin films were performed by UV - vis spectrometry. The optical band gap of undoped TiO2 thin film decreases from 3.17 eV to 3

In this research, TiO2-RGO composites were produced using the hydrothermal method. These composite structures were used in the phonoanodes of liquid junction solar cells. This study examines recombination mechanisms in liquid junction quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) doped TiO2 nanocomposite photoanodes, using the transient photo-current analysis method

In this paper a detailed, rigorous mathematical analysis that confirms the Einstein’s hypothesis of the light quantum energy is presented. Moreover, the analysis shows that photon energy cannot be dependent on any other physical quantity but its frequency. In contrast to the Einstein’s thermodynamic approach to the black–body radiation and its analogy to the ideal gas, the presented analysis starts

The influence of post-annealing on optical properties of Eu-doped ZnO (ZnO:Eu3+) microsphere synthesized by hydrothermal method has been studied. The intrinsic deep defect emission of ZnO and the transition emission of both 5D0→7F1 and 5D0→7F2 related to Eu3+ have been observed under excitation at 325 nm. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra reveal that ZnO annealed in N2 is more favorable for Eu3+ being

Exact expression for the linear canonical Wigner distribution's variance of deterministic signals added with stationary white circular Gaussian noise is derived. It is shown that only one of the linear canonical transform free parameters, the parameter b, affects the value of variance.

The femtosecond laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) with different pulse numbers, as well as the ablation rates under different laser fluences, of Ti alloy and Al alloy were investigated. The LIDT of Ti alloy were obviously lower than those of Al alloy, while the Ti alloy have a higher ablation rate than Al alloy under the same ablation laser fluence. The ablation threshold depends on pulse numbers

This article presents a technique for finding solitary wave solutions of higher-order nonlinear differential equations. Time fractional nonlinear differential equations that have hierarchy contain higher orders are presented for the description of highly dispersive optical solutions. We find optical solitons with high dispersion order for time-fractional nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations of

Aspheric microlens arrays (MLAs) are introduced on glass substrate to improve the light out-coupling efficiency (LOCE) of organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Geometric ray tracing was employed to simulate the improved effects and optimize the structure parameters of the MLAs pattern. The simulation results show that when the parameters of MLAs as follows, the curved profile is parabola, the base shape

This article secures new soliton solutions of the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) and the nonlinear Kudryashov's equation by means of two analytical techniques, namely the extended (G′G2)-expansion method and the first integral method. Many exact traveling wave solutions such as hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions and rational function solutions with free

The Fokas-Lenells equation is considered taking into account the traveling wave reduction. It is shown that the exact solutions of this equation proposed in recent papers by N. Mahak and G. Akram are incorrect. The fallacy of the method for constructing exact solutions to the overdetermined system of equations by these authors is discussed. A correct method for constructing exact solutions of the Fokas-Lenells

Light management based on nanostructure-material engineering, is very important for optoelectronic applications. Here, through integrating single- layer graphene, we construct two different hybrid structures (layered graphene/dielectric/graphene and nano-patterned graphene/dielectric/graphene), and theoretically study their dynamic light transportation properties (reflection(R), transmission (T) and

Ammonia (NH3) is the most abundant alkaline gas in the atmosphere, and the cause of the majority of secondary particles in PM2.5 and the catalyst for the formation of atmospheric haze. Therefore, it is of great environmental significance to monitor NH3 concentration. This paper introduces the principle of NH3 concentration detection based on Lambert-Beer's law and sets up an experimental platform.

In this article, we report the significant improvement with the tunable character of optical absorption characteristics of MQW (multi quantum well) GaAs/AlGaAs nano-scale heterostructure. The improvement and tunability of the optical characteristics have been studied via optimization of composition of the barrier layer, quantum well width and external uniaxial pressure application on the structure

In this work, we propose a new substitution scheme for color images watermarking based on the Fourier transform. This scheme will be declined into two variants in which the image will be divided into three components R, G and B, and then to each component a transform is applied. The parity of the resulting coefficients will then be combined to hide the watermark in the medium frequency band. In our

A time-fractional higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Kerr law, power law and log law of nonlinearity is studied, and bright, dark soliton, Jacobian elliptic function solutions and combined solutions are found by applying the Riccati equation approach, Jacobian elliptic function approach and double function approach. Dynamical evolution of these fractional solitons is discussed, and two

We study second harmonic generation (SHG) at 544 nm of the 0-type (e + e - e) quasi-phase-matching based on a femtosecond laser at 1088 nm. The green pulse with the spectrum width of 0.6 nm and the peak power of 17.7 kW is obtained at the pump power density of 2.81 GW/cm2 and the conversion efficiency is 21 %. As the propagation distance along the PPMgLN crystal increases, the spectrum at 544 nm becomes

The rapid ascension in conjugated polymer-based organic electronic device applications is of highest concern and explored with utmost interest. They own distinct properties such as efficient dissociation in exciton pairs and better charge transfer capabilities that lead to an enhanced separation of exciton at the donor: acceptor interface. Therefore, an appropriate selection of donor and acceptor species

The propagation of Dyakonov–Tamm (DT) surface waves guided by the planar interface of two nondissipative materials A and B was investigated theoretically and numerically, via the corresponding canonical boundary-value problem. Material A is a homogeneous uniaxial dielectric material whose optic axis lies at an angle χ relative to the interface plane. Material B is an isotropic dielectric material that

In this work, we consider the two-fluid model and the transfer-matrix method (TMM) for evaluating the reflectance spectrum in a one-dimensional photonic crystal that is composed by two alternating layers made of superconducting materials HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ/BSCCO and a semiconducting layer (GaAs). Our model takes into account the critical temperature dependence on the hydrostatic pressure for the case

In this paper we present the results from a numerical modeling of the cathode emissivity in Electron Beam Generators (EBG) for electron beam systems. Using the Finite Elements Method (FEM) we present results from numerical simulation of the electric, thermal and electrostatic processes in the (EBG).

In this paper, a novel quantum image searching algorithm is proposed. The newly proposed searching algorithm makes full use of the features of the quantum image model OQIM to compare and search the images. Since the quantum image model OQIM encodes the image with the sorting orders, the real coordinates and colors can be respectively employed for comparison and searching, i.e., two freedoms for comparison

In this article, coupled equations are being used to evaluate XPM induced crosstalk in SCM–WDM–HAN communication link using millimeter waves. Millimeter waves are having very high frequency (of the order of THz) and short wavelength (of the order of millimeter). Information carrying capacity of a carrier wave is directly proportional to its frequency, therefore using millimeter waves as a carrier can

Thin layers of phase change materials are investigated theoretically and experimentally as way to modulate the properties of light interacting with silicon at a planar interface. By inducing a phase transition in vanadium dioxide films, the resulting changes in refractive index modulate the injection of light into silicon and the ejection out of it. Internal reflection of light propagating inside silicon

In the present paper, the (3 + 1)-dimensional resonant nonlinear Schrӧdinger (RNLS) equations arising in optical bullets with different forms of nonlinearities are studied using the expa and hyperbolic function techniques. As an outcome, a number of optical solitons along with their physical features to the models are formally extracted. The modulation instability (MI) analysis of the models is also

Glass Trestle has been widely used as a new landscape facility in recent years, and the laminated glass is the most direct load-bearing component which is exposed to extreme weather conditions and external loads. These factors can lead to glass damage and increase the risk of failure of the glass trestle. In order to evaluate the safety of the glass trestle, this paper proposes a method of strain monitoring

We investigate the impact of the insertion of a semiconductor defect on the transmittance spectrum of a one-dimensional photonic crystal composed by alternating layers of superconducting materials. We report that the effect of the insertion of the semiconductor defect originates a defective mode in the photonic band gap that exhibits a shift towards long-wavelength regimes. Unexpectedly, for high values

Nanocrystalline Magnesium doped ZnO thin films (MgZnO) were synthesized on glass substrate using five different solvents i.e. 1-Propanol (1Pd), 2-Propanol (2Pd), Ethanol (Ed), Methanol (Md) and 2-Methoxyethanol (MEd) by sol-gel spin coating method. This study targeted the best solvent with MgZnO film for optoelectronic applications. The magnesium doping percentage was fixed at 5% for all samples to

Discrete or continuous–time convolution is revisited in design of filters for signal smoothing in this paper. Then, new signal smoothing equations are proposed and generalized filters are introduced by use of memory effects of fractional derivatives. The generalization is based on the blur effects on weights coefficients. The Riesz and Caputo derivatives are used repsectively. Their applications to

In this work, we investigate the low-energy bands of monolayer WS2 under external electric and magnetic fields using an effective low-energy Hamiltonian. Our calculations indicate that band gap of monolayer WS2 increases linearly with an external perpendicular electric field and when the electric field energy Δz is equal to the size of spin splitting, the band gap including spin-orbit interaction of

Undoped SnO2 and indium doped SnO2thin films, with different indium concentrations(1, 2, 3 and 4at.%), synthesized by sol-gel spin-coating method on glass substrates were investigated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and four-point probe measurements. The XRD patterns showed that all of the films are polycrystalline

We observed that the sensitivity of a fiber sensor is changed by introducing fast and slow light. In this fiber sensor configuration, fast and slow light are generated by a double Lorenz fiber Bragg grating (DL-FBG) and the probe pulse through DL-FBG will have different delays by varying the input laser wavelength. The maximum delay is 180 ps (slow light) and the maximum advance is 90 ps (fast light)

The monitoring of the solar spectral irradiance has important scientific significance and application value. This paper describes the principle, structure and performance of the UV-VUV solar spectrometer. The calibration principle and the calibration method of the spectral irradiance responsiveness are emphatically discussed, based on synchrotron radiation. The spectral irradiance responsiveness calibration

A method to calibrate the peak power spectral density (PSD) for white light continuum (WLC) has been proposed. It is applied to measure degenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficients β for continuous spectral range at 550 nm-750 nm and obtains consistent results with the previous work. Via this method, it has been proved that different spectral components can be appropriately dispersed by adding

The structure design and properties of a blue-light-transmitted and yellow-light-reflected intermediate layer are presented and analyzed in this paper. The ZnS/TiO2/MgF2 multilayer thin film was prepared by means of TFC software simulation and magnetron sputtering, and its surface topography was compact and uniform with low roughness of 6.229 nm and small thickness of 912 nm. Neither blue emission

In current study, a facile one-pot approach was introduced for the preparation of CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 composite. The formation mechanism behind this proposed approach was investigated in detail. As the results shown, the structure observations by XRD and HRTEM suggested the obtained sample, prepared under an optimal condition of (90 ℃, 20 min), was in a miscible phase of CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6. The morphology

A new model referred to as the Biswas–Arshed (BA) equation with high order dispersions for soliton transmission through optical fibers in which the self-phase modulation is fully absent is investigated, in the current article. In this respect, by using an ansatz in the complex form and distinguishing the real and imaginary parts, the resulting nonlinear ODE in the real domain is solved by the expa

Optical trapping is widely used to manipulate a small-sized particle freely suspended in the isotropic fluidic domain. Trapping is done by means of optical forces developed by conversing light beam. The active gradient forces, Fgrad depends upon parameters like light wavelength, particle size, and refractive index of medium and particle. The viscous drag forces, Fvisc depends upon parameter like viscosity

CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalyst has been synthesized by co-precipitation method and analyzed its performance in the photoelectrochemical water splitting application. X-ray diffraction analyses and Raman measurement confirms the presence of CuO. Scanning electron microscope image shows rod shape morphology. The CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite exhibit the wide range of visible light absorbance and the

Synthetic aperture is a high-resolution imaging technique which can extend the resolution Rayleigh limit capability of an aperture, while digital holography is a useful digital imaging tool. When synthetic aperture meets digital holography, a high-resolution image can be digitally achieved without many complex optic path adjust systems. However, because of the position errors and phase errors, the

Solar cells based on multi-junctions are considered to be the most efficient way of improving the cell’s sunlight to electrical energy conversion efficiency. In this paper, we simulated monolithic tandem solar cell comprised of high and low bandgap materials i.e., perovskite/silicon layers, separated by a recombination layer made of Spiro-MeOTAD/Silicon, a window layer formed from zinc oxide (ZnO)

Researchers have shown ample concern in the investigation of new potential materials which resembles with required band gap range for photovoltaic applications and hence demonstrates higher conversion rates when exposed to sunlight. Present study is focused towards identifying the effect of M = (Ge, Sn) doping on structural, electronic and optical properties of promising photovoltaic ZnSiP2 material

In the present work, conventional and sonochemical production of ternary reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was accomplished. XRD patterns of ternary nanocomposite indicated that it contained a combination of anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 nanoparticles deposited over rGO sheet. TEM images revealed that ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles were evenly distributed on graphene