Bismuth barium titanate glasses have been synthesized by conventional melt quenching technique. X-Ray Diffractograms confirmed the glassy nature of the prepared samples. Various parameters such as density, molar volume, Oxygen packing density (OPD), molar refractivity, molar polarizability, metallization criterion, refractive index and reflection loss have been calculated for understanding the physical

In this paper, the graphene hyperbolic metamaterial (GHMM) and one-dimensional (1D) superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7-x) photonic crystals are combined to observe the Goos Hänchen (GH) shift by studying the lateral shift under the TE wave in the terahertz (THz) regime. GHMM consists of a monolayer of graphene and a layer of conventional dielectric. It indicates that the proposed 1D dielectric structure can

Influence of laser spot focusing positions in field lens on surface quality was investigated in 532 nm nanosecond laser cutting of solar float glass. Bottom to up cutting method with X–Y helix was selected, and 16 groups of experiments have been designed with different parameters (including cutting speed, frequency, helix width and overlap rate). 6 groups of them with a long distance between field

Silver chloride thin films were easily prepared for the first time by direct spraying of silver chloride (AgCl) solution with low molarity on glass substrates heated at 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C and 350 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that the films have cubic symmetry and are subject to compressive and tensile strains. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of Ag nanoparticles

The seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) is a heuristic random search algorithm that has fast convergence. SOA has good robustness and can simulate the human search behavior. In the traditional SOA, global and local searches are adjusted by linearly decreasing the inertia weights; however, this algorithm has poor local search ability and adaptive adjustment ability in the initial iteration stage. The

A dark pulse multi-wavelength mode-locked fibre laser was demonstrated via the enhanced zirconia-yttria-aluminium co-doped silica fibre (Zr-EDF) as a gain medium with the utilisation of black phosphorus as saturable absorber (BPSA). A self-started dark pulse was accomplished by increasing the pump power and carefully rotating a polarisation controller (PC). Five lasing lines of multi-wavelength were

Simulation of Cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) based solar cell (ZnO/CdS/CdTe/NiO/Au) using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-1D (SCAPS-1D) has been presented in this article. Nickel oxide (NiO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) layers have been introduced as hole transport layer (HTL) and transparent conductive oxide (TCO), respectively. ZnO, CdS, and CdTe were synthesized using the facile chemical

In this research paper, Sb and Sn doped Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) thin films are prepared on the glass substrate through low-cost melt-quenching technique. These films are characterized to observe the nature of materials through XRD patterns. Subsequently, these materials are explored as the absorber-layer in the multi-layered solar cell. At 1.5 µm absorber thickness, the current density for SbZnTe and

Perovskite solar cell had the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and flexibility, which had significant development potential. Reducing the thickness of the perovskite absorber layer was a practicable method to reduce the content of toxic lead elements, however, an insufficient light absorption and low photocurrent were usually observed due to the shorten optical path length. In this study, SiO2

In order to perform precise quantitative detection of internal minor defects in additive manufacturing of metal materials based on industrial CT, a quantitative detection method for minor defects in metal materials based on gray-scale variation coefficient of minor defects in CT image is presented. Firstly, based on the analysis of gray-scale features of minor defect regions in CT image, a minor defect

We demonstrate a high power passively mode-locked fiber laser with a linear cavity configuration, which generates cylindrical vector beam (CVB) using few-mode fiber Bragg grating (FM-FBG) as transverse mode separator and nonlinear optical loop mirror as longitudinal mode locker. The laser operating at 1066.9 nm outputs mode-locked CVB pulses with spectral bandwidth of 1.7 nm and repetition rate of

We present exact bright, dark and rogue soliton solutions of generalized higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, describing the ultrashort beam propagation in tapered waveguide amplifier, via a similarity transformation connected with the constant-coefficient Sasa-Satsuma and Hirota equations. Our exact analysis takes recourse to identify the allowed tapering profile in conjunction with appropriate

This paper secures bright, singular and combo optical solitons in magneto–optic waveguides with quadratic–cubic nonlinearity. Subsequently, the multiplier approach reveals three conserved quantities that are computed with the aid of the bright soliton solutions recovered from traveling wave hypothesis.

Aluminium alloy Al6061 is one of the most popular materials for the fabrication of reflective optics. To reveal the influence of material defects in Al6061 on the diffraction effect of diamond turned optics, simulations are performed on a well-established surface topography model. The results indicate that for the defects with similar size parameters in the x- and y-axis direction, e.g. grain boundary

We research finite-time synchronization in the laser network based on sliding mode control technology. Firstly, we modify the traditional sliding mode control technology so that it can be applied to finite-time synchronization of the network. Further, we determine the structure of the network correlation input by designing the appropriate sliding surface, and obtain finite-time synchronization criterion

This paper recovers optical solitons with the Biswas-Arshed equation which governs the dynamics of soliton pulse propagation through optical fibers. Dark, singular, bright and combo singular solitons are emerged from the sine-Gordon equation method.

The nanoparticles of the spinel CaFe2O4 (CFO) with a crystalline size of 34 nm were synthetized by nitrate route. The phase was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); the lattice constants were refined by the Rietveld method. The optical properties were measured by diffuse reflectance and a direct forbidden band of 1.93 eV was determined. Also

Laser cleaning is a non-contact and straight forward method to remove the paint from the substrate, based on the mechanism of thermal stress. In order to understand the mechanism detailly, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between the laser fluence, interaction time and the temperature rise quantitatively. Herein, we exhibit thermal stress is the primarily mechanism in the paint removal

The degradation on the GaAs sub-cell of GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells caused by different types of defects induced by 1 MeV electron irradiation is studied by numerical simulation. The simulation model is introduced that includes geometric structure, material, doping concentration and electron irradiation defects. The degradation results of short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum

In this article realization of logic gates through Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral signatures is elaborated. A term opto-logic state is defined in such a way that any of the four spectral signatures (756 cm−1,1520 cm−1,2900 cm−1 and 3500 cm−1) assumed either logic-0 or logic-1 values depending on the preset conditions. As a representative case three 2-input logic gates namely

Ethylene(C2H4) is a gas hormone released when plants mature, and can be used as a fruit ripe catalyst or preservative at appropriate concentrations. Usually, the gas concentration detection in this application requires its sensitivity of several ppm or even sub-ppm level. In order to meet this application requirement, a highly sensitive non-dispersive-infrared (NDIR) ethylene gas sensor was developed

Illuminance estimation is key to daylight responsive lighting, and accurate estimation of illumination on workplane requires multi-point illumination, which requires distributed measurement techniques. With as few technical components as possible, we present a lightweight solution of distributed illuminance measurement to accelerate system development. Based on the open source technology, Arduino,

The present article reports a novel visible light-driven photocatalyst of TiO2/Au/SWCNT nanohybrid prepared by sol-gel approach and successfully assessed for the photocatalytic degradation of the organic methylene blue. TiO2/Au/SWCNT nanohybrid was obtained by doping titanium dioxide (TiO2) lattice with gold (Au) and supporting with modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). All the synthesized

This study extracts bright and singular optical solitons to the governing nonlinear Schrödinger's equation along with it's perturbation terms having eleven different nonlinear forms. The sech function and csch function approaches recover these soliton solutions as well as other solutions. These existence criteria for such solitons are also presented.

Development of various health monitoring devices for health monitoring applications such as spine monitoring, respiration rate, heart rate, as well as upper and lower limb motion detections are at increasing rate. The use of optical fiber-based devices provides significant contribution in this area due to their advantages such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, lightweight and possibly small

In this paper, we describe the equations for the calculation of the different focus positions for the meridional and marginal rays of a plano-convex thick lens. The equations are exact and were obtained from the trigonometric ray trace analysis of a single meridional ray parallel to the optical axis of the lens. We apply these equations to derive the expressions of the paraxial focal lengths for a

This paper presents a design and analysis of microstrip antenna operating in Terahertz frequency band with dumbbell slots cut on the ground. Compactness and gain of the micro antenna has been considered as a design requirement. The performance of the antenna has been explored for Wireless Body Area Networks for measuring and monitoring various physiological parameters and sensors that help in overall

Photon shows mass posing i.e. it manifests itself into various forms of rest mass; non-zero rest mass, wavelength-dependent real mass and imaginary rest mass within the dispersive medium. Photon reveals different forms of rest mass due to its illusive mass and the dual nature of photons is the cause of illusive mass. Here we have calculated the momentum of the photon on the surface of matter using

In this research article, the emphasis is given on the simulation of optical and electronic characteristics of ITO/NPB/Alq3:DCJTB/Alq3/Ag heterostructure based organic light emitting diode (OLED). Under simulation, the behavior of excitons associated with EML and ETL have been studied with variation in anode voltage and current. In order to simulate the spectral characteristics, the Holstein model

In present study, Self-focusing of high power beam in unmagnetized plasma and its effect on Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) process is investigated. Both relativistic-ponderomotive nonlinearities are taken together. Electron plasma wave (EPW) interacts nonlinearly with pump beam thereby leading to SRS. Under combined action of relativistic-ponderomotive forces, nonlinearity in plasma dielectric function

Leveraging both concept and method, a unique THz wave absorber is presented. Three layers include dielectric and graphene patterns that are exploited on top of a thick golden surface to ensure zero THz waves transmitting via the structure. Auspicious dual bias scheme is used for periodic arrays of graphene ribbons in the first layer while the second layer consists of periodic arrays of graphene disk

The optical properties of TiO2 are changed while doped with impurity atoms. Among the crystal morphology of doped TiO2, systematical study of C-Pt codoped TiO2 influence on optical properties has never been reported. The paper made a systematical calculation of the band gap, density of states, optical properties for pure TiO2, doped C/Pt and codoped C-Pt anatase TiO2 according to first principle. It

We investigate the influence of wavelength mismatching on the probe response of the medium in Λ−Ξ configuration. The density matrix formulation is invoked to analytically derive the probe coherence term for stationary as well as moving atoms. Our numerical results manifest that by simply altering the strength of switching field, light pulses can be slowed down at multiple frequency regions. It is found

This paper contributes a novel design of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a combination of porous core structure and TOPAS as background material is proposed for chemical sensor in terahertz regime. A finite element method (FEM) has been used for investigation of the optical properties such as relative sensitivity, power fraction (PF), effective area, numerical aperture (NA) and confinement loss of

A hybrid plasmonic absorber consisting of graphene and silica layers coated on a metal film with concentric-rings grooves is presented and numerically investigated in this paper. The proposed structure provides two absorption peaks at near-infrared region. The absorptivity of each peak can be tuned independently, by controlling the chemical potential of the graphene layer. Modulation of absorption

Electrocardiography(ECG) signal suffers from noise interference during the recording and transmission, which would result in morphological structure distortion and affects proper diagnosis of diseases related to the cardiac system. For the purpose of filtering the noise to obtain the clean signal, in this paper, the recently developed complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise

We present a formal extension of the Pauli exclusion principle to the arbitrary-order jumping up and down excited Schrödinger’s cats. We show that the excited symmetric Schrödinger’s cat of the n-order will occupy the same n-order excited eigenstate of the harmonic oscillator when the “alive” and “dead” cat’s constituents closely approach in space and time each other. The antisymmetric n-order cat

A single-layer N719 sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 films have been successfully deposited on FTO-coated glass substrates using the screen-printing technique with four different thicknesses (10, 12, 14 and 18 µm) and used as simple and low cost photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The thickness was controlled by adjusting the distance between the screen-printing mesh and the FTO-coated

The extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation depicts the pulse propagation in the negative index material with self-steepening and magnetooptic effects. By means of the F-function method, Jacobian elliptic sine and cosine function solutions and bright soliton solution are constructed. From these solutions, the amplitude, width and phase chirp of bright soliton are related to parameters of self-steepening

Digital holographic microscopy is widely used for quantitative phase information detection. However, in this technique, phase information is usually concealed by aberrations such as tilt, quadratic aberration, and other high-order aberrations. There are few methods that truly capable of total phase aberration compensation. The method based on 1D standard polynomials fitting is one of them. Here, we

In this paper, Ni-Cu NPs @ a-C:H films with different Cu content, by co-deposition of RF-sputtering and RF-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) were prepared using acetylene gas and Ni and Cu targets. We studied optical constants of MWCNTs synthesized, with constant Ni content and different percentages of 5, 40 and 75 % from Cu atoms. With increase of Cu content, the average diameter

A series of red-emitting LaOF:xEu3+ (x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.11, 0.13, 0.15 and 0.17) phosphors were successfully fabricated via precipitation reaction and calcination. The samples were evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission (PL) spectra. It is found that the samples can be excited by near-ultraviolet (NUV)

In this paper, we have theoretically analyzed two different device structures of green GaN-based LEDs. The proposed structure is comprised of p-InGaN/GaN superlattice instead of EBL and p-GaN of reference LED structure. Therefore, the concentration of electron, holes and radiative recombination are considerably enhanced. Meanwhile, the leakage of electrons from the active zone is decreased. As a result

In this study, the performances of a-Si: H(n-i-p) /µc-Si: H(n-i-p) tandem solar cell based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) and hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si: H) with thinner active layers were investigated by using numerical simulation. For simulation, a one-dimensional computer code AMPS-1D was used to investigat the effect of the top single cell n+ layer nature, the effect

Rail straightness is an important index of the quality of large components of steel rails, and is of great significance for product quality testing in rail plants. At present, the measurement of straightness in rail factories still depends on the manual use of straightness rulers for measurement, which leads to low measurement speeds and precision. Therefore, we propose a non-contact measurement method

An electron scattering scheme is proposed to explore and quantify the focal field of radially polarized beam (RPB). Based on the Richard-Wolf method we deduce the description of the RPB's focal field, analyze the interaction and motion of the electrons in the focal field of the RPB, using both electrodynamical and pondermotive method. Our results show that the geometrical and field information of RPB

We carefully analyze in this article, the influence of the interface defect density of the defective surface between crystalline silicon and hydrogenated polymorphous silicon (i-pm-Si:H/n-c-Si) on the current density-voltage (J-V) characteristic of n-type HIT solar cells (ITO/p-a-SiC:H/i-pm-Si:H/n-c-Si/Al). We have also studied the variation of the electrons and holes surface recombination speeds on

Polarization measurement accuracy is an important indicator of the polarization remote sensing detection system. In order to effectively analyze the factors that affect the polarization measurement accuracy, it is necessary to analyze the polarization sensitive characteristics of the scientific CCD detector. Taking the 1k*1k area array CCD detector of DALSA Company as the research object, the experimental

A 0.4-THz on-chip antenna (OCA) is configured with high radiation efficiency and high gain, utilizing standard CMOS process technology. In this design, the back cavity is formed by connecting a top and bottom metal layer, which is connected through the vias, named substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW). This back cavity finds to suppress the surface wave and separates the radiation towards the low-resistive

It is a common opinion that LEDs emit a very high amount of energy in the blue range, which could be potentially harmful to our visual tissues. This study focuses on the LED lamps used for interior lighting and was carried out base don the parameters of 15 LED lights collected by inspectors from the Consumer Council of Castilla la Mancha, Spain. The samples were acquired at random from various commercial

A highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based square diaphragm pressure sensor has been designed and verified both in theory and experiment. The square diaphragm deflects due to the pressure difference generated at both sides of the square, and causes the compression along the axis of the pre-stretched FBG. The experimental results indicate that the pressure sensitivity of the proposed sensor

Historically, production of high-performance gas sensing materials has promised to satisfy the worldwide research interests with the increasingly enhanced gas sensor devices. In this paper we are adopting a facile hydrothermal strategy to prepare the ternary FeCo2O4/graphene hybrid nanocomposites. The spinal phase of FeCo2O4 with spherical shaped morphology was obtained through XRD, SEM and TEM images

The scattering process of plane waves by a half-plane, composed of anomalously perfect reflecting surfaces, is investigated. The solution of the problem is obtained in an original way. The boundary condition of the problem is also taken into account in the construction of the edge diffracted field. The limiting case of the problem is the diffraction of waves by a perfect electric conductor half-plane

We have proposed a novel silicon carbide (SiC) grating with vanadium dioxide (VO2) composite. Polarization-dependent surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) can be excited. The device switches on/off light by switching the VO2 between its metallic and semiconductor states. Coupled wave analysis (RCWA) method is used to simulate the optical responses under different conditions. By introducing the structure

A novel dual photonic crystal fiber (DPCF) temperature insensitive refractive index sensor is proposed in this article. By sequentially splicing lead-in SMF (single mode fiber), PCF_1, PCF_2, and lead-out SMF constitute the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The refractive index sensitivity (RIS) of the proposed sensor is improved by making an abrupt-taper on the fusion point of two PCFs. The proposed

In this study, we propose a terahertz photonic crystal fiber (PCF) including double rectangular air slots in the core region based on the conventional hexagonal lattice cladding. The rectangular air slots break the geometrical symmetry, which improves birefringence compared to previously reported slot core fibers. The proposed fiber consists of the reduced number of air slots to facilitate fabrication

SCS is employed for the synthesis of SrTiO3:Sm3+ (0-11 mol%) nanophosphors. PXRD patterns are in line with the standard JCPDs number 35-0734 confirmed the formation of crystalline SrTiO3:Sm3+ phosphor. Further, the synthesized samples are irradiated by 9 MeV electron beam (10-50 kGy) and analysed using (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic studies to understand the change in chemical properties. PL spectra

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for a wider range of refractive index (RI) detection is proposed in this paper. Two nanoscale gold belts as plasmonic material for SPR are deposited on the D-shaped PCF plane.Asymmetric core enhances birefringence and makes the coupling of the y-polarized mode stronger. Numerical results indicate that wavelength

The heptazine ring structure and medium bandgap make graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a good visible light photocatalyst utilizing solar energy. g-C3N4 was synthesised by utilizing melamine pyrolysis. The g-C3N4 / ZnO nanocomposite prepared by hydrothermal method and resulting product was characterised and investigated photocatalytic decomposition of crystal violet under solar light. The two prominent

This work reports the preparation of Ag/Cu-Zn-S nanocomposite thin films using a sol-gel spin coating technique without sulfurization. For comparison, a pure Cu-Zn-S (CZS) sample, as well as CZS embedded with silver nanoparticles of various thicknesses, grown on heated substrates at 280 °C and 320 °C, were well fabricated. Several films like pristine CZS and Ag/CZS with different Ag % (0.5, 1, and