Space-borne optical frequency references based on spectroscopy of atomic vapors may serve as an integral part of compact optical atomic clocks, which can advance global navigation systems or can be utilized for earth observation missions as part of laser systems for cold atom gradiometers. Nanosatellites offer low launch costs, multiple deployment opportunities, and short payload development cycles

Needle beams are widely used in advanced applications due to their high intensity, high resolution, and extended depth of focus. In this work, the generation of needle beams through transmitting azimuthally polarized beams to polarization-insensitive metasurfaces is presented. Defocus phase profiles and annular apertures were adopted to obtain needle beams, respectively. A relatively long depth of

A new asymmetric structure based on Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) and a metal-distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is proposed in this paper, which can be applied in high-sensitivity terahertz sensors. The structure includes monolayer graphene and two DBRs with different central frequencies on two sides of the graphene. One of its edge faces is introduced by silver film for enhancing the TPPs excitation

We theoretically investigate the possibility of controlling the high magneto-optical rotation without suffering an accompanying loss in transmission via the presence of a plasmonic nanostructure near the atomic five-level system. The key to optimization is the introduction of an additional degree of freedom by the location of the plasmonic nanostructure. We show that placing the plasmonic nanostructure

We study soliton rain (SR) dynamics experimentally in a passively mode-locked fiber laser based on gold nanoparticles. The complex behavior of the SR, including cases where the speed of the deuterogenic solitons drift was faster than that of the condensed soliton phase (CSP), cases where the drift was slower, and even cases with deuterogenic solitons both faster and slower, have all been observed by

In this paper, the polarization angle of intense laser field and incident light effects on the intersubband optical absorption and refractive index change in the square quantum well wire are investigated theoretically by Kramers–Henneberger approximation. It is found that the polarization angle of the intense laser field can influence the energy gap and exchange electronic configuration by breaking

Inverse design of photonic nanostructures based on machine learning (ML) methods has recently attracted much attention. An artificial neural network (ANN) showcases good performance on the photonic inverse design problem. However, there are still many unsolved issues regarding an efficient way to find a geometry that yields the target response by data-driven ML approaches. The design of air mass (AM)

It is well known that the intersubband radiation of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) falls in the terahertz/far-infrared spectral region. If these so-called atom-like systems are placed in the vicinity of graphene, their radiation can be coupled with plasmonic modes of graphene. As the graphene plasmons tightly concentrate the electromagnetic waves in the small zones, beyond the diffraction limit, the

We report a systematic investigation of cross-phase modulation using techniques of light storage (LS) and stationary light pulse (SLP) based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency. Two light fields are stopped in the medium to prolong the interaction time, which enhances the efficiency of optical nonlinearity. We numerically study the properties of the signal SLP field such as lifetime

Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) spectroscopy can be used as an all-optical probe of space-charge regions (SCR) in semiconductors such as $c \text{-} {\rm{Si}}$ by exploiting the electric-field-induced second-harmonic-generation (EFISH) effect. To do so accurately, a thorough understanding of the EFISH effect is needed, and here a detailed model is presented, taking into account the so-far neglected

The ultrafast optical dynamics in solution-processed ${\rm PbI}_2$ film on quartz substrate around the band edge have been systematically studied by transient reflectance spectroscopy and femtosecond resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy at room temperature. The Kerr rotation angle shows a maximum at the excitonic photobleaching peak and increases with the pump fluence until reaching a saturation value

This paper corrects an error in the software provided with J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 38, 510 (2021) [CrossRef] .

There are several high-performance adaptive optics systems that deliver diffraction-limited imaging on ground-based telescopes, which has renewed interest in single-mode fiber (SMF) spectroscopy for exoplanet characterization. However, the fundamental mode of a telescope is not well matched to those of conventional SMFs. With the recent progress in asphere manufacturing techniques, it may be possible

In this paper, the reflection characteristics of one-dimensional (1D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) are studied by using the transfer matrix method. The given structure is made up of binary photonic crystals whose unit only contains two plasma layers with different plasma frequencies and a dielectric material layer at the end. The phenomenon of Fano resonance can be realized by such a

Predicting the optical response of macroscopic arrangements of individual scatterers is a computational challenge because the problem involves length scales across multiple orders of magnitude. We present a full-wave optical method to efficiently compute the scattering of light at objects that are arranged in biperiodic arrays. Multiple arrays or homogeneous thin films can be stacked to build up an

Splitting of a Tamm plasmon polariton at the interface between a metal and a nanocomposite layer conjugated with a photonic crystal (Bragg mirror) has been theoretically investigated. The splitting can be implemented when the Tamm plasmon polariton frequency approaches the resonance frequency of the nanocomposite, which consists of metallic nanoballs dispersed in a transparent matrix. The reflectance

Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators and Dirac notation, we introduce asymmetric integration projection operators in entangled state representations. These asymmetric projection operators are proven to be Hermitian. We demonstrate rigorously that they correspond to a parity measurement combined with a balanced beam splitter that provides an alternative method to

Classical entanglement refers to non-separable correlations between the polarization direction and the polarization amplitude of a light field. The degree of entanglement is quantified by the Schmidt number, taking the value of unity for a separable state and two for a maximally entangled state. We propose two detection methods to determine this number based on the distinguishable patterns of interference

Phase-shift cavity ring-down spectroscopy (PS-CRDS) enables the measurement of minute fluctuations in optical loss encountered by an intensity modulated laser beam via lock-in demodulation of the accumulated signal phase as the laser beam propagates through the cavity. A linear fiber cavity containing two highly reflective fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and a tapered fiber is a favorable cavity geometry

Scattering by an isolated defect embedded in a dielectric medium of two-dimensional periodicity is of interest in many sub-fields of electrodynamics. Present approaches to compute this scattering rely on either the Born approximation and its quasi-analytic extensions or ab initio computation that requires large domain sizes to reduce the effects of boundary conditions. The Born approximation and its

Editor-in-Chief Kurt Busch introduces the Journal’s newest topical editors against the backdrop of the global pandemic.

The dispersion scan (d-scan) technique has emerged as a simple-to-implement characterization method for ultrashort laser pulses. D-scan traces are intuitive to interpret and retrieval algorithms that are both fast and robust have been developed to obtain the spectral phase and the temporal pulse profile. Here, we shortly review the second harmonic generation d-scan technique, focusing predominantly

This paper has designed a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber filter based on surface plasmon resonance. The single-polarization filtering performance is analyzed systematically by the finite element method. It is found that the structural optimization process will modify the refractive index of the fundamental mode and the surface plasmon polarization mode, which results in a shift of the resonance wavelength

The impact of pump pulse fluctuations on ultrafast nonlinear frequency conversion processes in optical fibers is investigated. A simple measure of the sensitivity of a particular process to pump technical noise is introduced and tested against numerical ensemble simulations for normal-dispersion continuum generation and dispersive-wave generation. The proposed measure is found to adequately describe

A dual-core photonic crystal fiber coupler based on the heavily ${\rm GeO}_2$-doped-silica-air cladding and composite-liquid (${\rm CS}_2$ and ${\rm C}_2{\rm Cl}_4$) core is proposed to obtain the saturable absorber (SA). It is demonstrated by numerical simulations that the SA with appropriate parameters can exhibit the normal dispersion, high nonlinearity, and flat profile of the linear coupling lengths

Reaching another star system within a human timescale requires traveling at a sizeable fraction of the speed of light. To achieve this, the Breakthrough Starshot program proposes a ground-based laser array to accelerate a gram-scale spacecraft through photon radiation pressure, requiring of order 100 GW of continuous wave optical power. The coherent combination of many lasers is one avenue to achieve

We report the first demonstration of excitability in an all-fiber laser. We present clear experimental evidence in this passively $Q$-switched device with gain and absorber sections for defining properties of excitability, including a threshold-based excitable response and a decreasing reaction delay between input pulse and excitatory response with increasing perturbation amplitude. Our experimental

The present study aimed to apply laser back-writing for fabricating micro-channels. First, a $Q$-switched Nd:YAG laser with fundamental wavelength was used, and a steel target was ablated and evaporated onto a quartz substrate by focusing the laser pulses on the target through the quartz substrate. Then, micro-channels on the quartz were machined with laser-ablated plasma interaction with the substrate

A theory of light reflection and transmission by an optically thin nanocomposite slab that contains randomly distributed metal nanoparticles (NPs) is developed. The underlying model treats NPs as point dipoles and employs a dyadic Green’s function known analytically for a slab that allows one to obtain the refection and transmission coefficients in a fully analytical form. The model also takes into

Optical topological transition of iso-frequency surfaces strongly modifies the propagation behavior within media. However, in most previous studies, optical topological transition was achieved by tuning the frequency. In this paper, we achieve optical topological transition at fixed frequencies by tuning the direction of the optical axis in crystal quartz. Also, according to the energy flow method

Phonon polaritons (PhPs) have a long lifetime and high confinement of light fields compared with their plasmonic counterparts in the mid-infrared range. Thus, PhPs are promising candidates for realizing vibrational strong coupling (VSC) with molecules. However, VSCs of PhPs in nanoresonators and thin films require the near-field technique and are limited to the transverse magnetic mode. Here we propose

In this work, a thermally tunable dielectric metasurface (DMS) composed of InSb cylindrical micropillars is proposed to generate vortex beam in the terahertz region. The full ${2}\pi$ phase shift could be realized at resonance frequency for the incident linearly polarized wave by changing the diameter of InSb cylindrical micropillars. In addition, the resonance frequencies vary with the temperatures

Based on solid-state plasma (SSP), an electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) metamaterial is proposed. Simulations illustrate that the given metamaterial has the characteristics of adjustment, polarization insensitivity, and low dissipation. Because SSP can be coordinated in state I, the ideal transmittance frequency band can cover 8.0335–9.02531 GHz (a narrow band). If the regulatory status

The performance of the composite metal/dielectric multilayered L-shaped nanoantennas for strong electric field enhancement has been investigated. The bonding and antibonding modes arising from the plasmon hybridization modes of the multilayered nanoantennas are presented. It is observed that the plasmon coupling of the proposed composite nanostructures can form three states of in-phase bonding, out-of-phase

We present a semi-analytical approach for the analysis and design of refractive index sensors based on metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces. While numerical methods require extensive calculations for all values of geometrical parameters, the semi-analytical approach provides straightforward guidelines for a design of optimal metasurfaces with maximized sensitivity. Semi-analytical formulas for

We present a dynamically tunable anomalous electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) of a cavity-integrated metallic grating by the coupling of guided-mode resonance (GMR) with cavity-mode resonance (CMR) in the terahertz regime. The strong group slowing effect of terahertz waves results from the EIT mechanism under simultaneous excitation of GMR and CMR at a degenerate state. With the introduction

We propose a tunable broadband reflective cross polarization converter (CPC) composed of a graphene sheet with a T-shaped carved-hollow array. In the mid-infrared region, cross polarization conversion with 5.17 THz bandwidth is achieved due to the superimposition of the two reflection components with a phase difference of nearly 180°. The polarization conversion ratio is larger than 80% in this broadband

The evolution of enhanced four-wave mixing based on Raman coherence as the probe intensity increases is observed experimentally in an ${^{85}{\rm Rb}}$ atomic vapor system. We propose that for a Doppler-broadened $\Lambda$-type level system, the generated anti-Stokes field from one-photon resonance will be suppressed by the dressed-states resonance and can be controlled by the probe intensity, which

${{\rm{VS}}_2}$ was prepared via the hydrothermal method and changing the reaction time and employing surfactant. The microstructural characterizations show the control of sheet dimensions and growth of crystal planes. The Z-scan study demonstrates the positive nonlinear ${n_2}$ due to the self-focusing effect and the two-photon absorption for nonlinear absorption. These results imply the effect of

A coupled nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the propagation of the polarized vector light pulses in a weakly anisotropic waveguide with nearly instantaneous nonlinear response is introduced in the framework of the slowly varying envelope. This new equation reduces to the scalar nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the particular case of a linear polarization of the light beam

Some species of Morpho butterflies reflect interfered brilliant blue, which is contradictory to the interference effect due to low angular dependence. This coloration is typically attributed to the disordered nanostructure of the species scales. Applying this reflective principle into light transmission, we discover a new daylight window with high transmittance, wide angular spread, and low color dispersion

We propose a simple photonic waveguide structure that exhibits light propagation modes with vanishing group velocity via mode degeneracy. This enables stationary inflection point dispersion leading to the frozen mode and a true time delay device suitable for ultra-wide-band beamforming for millimeter wave (mmWave) phased arrays. The structure consists of three silicon ridge waveguides in proximity

In this paper, a highly sensitive and tunable graphene-based quad-band perfect or nearly perfect absorber is theoretically investigated. The proposed design is composed of a stacked nanohole and cross-shaped graphene on top of a gold layer separated by an insulator. Based on the numerical simulations, four absorption peaks are observed in the proposed structure, which can reach to 100% at 9.47 µm,

We propose a simple route to obtain an ultrawide free spectral range (FSR) using a composite racetrack microring resonator (RMRR) with Fabry–Perot cavities. The presence of two Fabry–Perot cavities in the straight arm of the RMRR suppresses other peaks while yielding a single resonance dip with a high extinction ratio. A comprehensive, detailed mathematical description and finite difference time domain

Angle-resolved circularly polarized light scattering calculations are demonstrated to identify virus particles from nonvirus particles. A coronavirus particle is modeled as having a spherical shaped envelope with cylindrical spikes projected from the envelope surface, and the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome polymer has been mimicked with a toroidal helix. The influence of genome polymer

In this paper, the propagation characteristics of a ring Airy vortex beam (RAVB) in slant atmospheric turbulence are studied. The effects of some key parameters, such as the truncation factor, the zenith angle, and the propagation distance, on the propagation characteristics of RAVB are analyzed. The results show that the beam quality becomes worse with an increase in the propagation distance, zenith

This paper presents a special adjustment method of the vector vortex optical field and constructs a high-precision vector vortex optical field. By applying the Debye vector diffraction method, the regulation laws of optical fields underlying the control of the topological charge, eccentricity parameter, and beam waist are obtained. The results show that these optical parameters have a serious effect

We theoretically investigate measurement-based feedback control of a laser-driven one-dimensional atomic chain interfaced with a nanofiber. The interfacing leads to all-to-all interactions among the atomic emitters and induces chirality (i.e., the directional emission of photons into a preferred guided mode of the nanofiber). In the setting we consider, the measurement of guided light—conducted either

For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, based on a two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV), we introduce photon-added orthogonal TMSVs and photon-subtracted orthogonal TMSVs via multiphoton addition ${a^{\dagger k}}{b^{\dagger l}}$ and multiphoton subtraction ${a^k}{b^l}$ ($k$, $l$ are arbitrary integers). As a comparison, we also consider photon-added TMSVs and photon-subtracted TMSVs. We theoretically

We introduce an analytical description of an open bimodal cavity containing a $\Lambda$-type three-level atom. We explore the effect of the atom–cavity nonlinear interaction, the cavity dissipation, and the initial coherent intensity on the dynamics of the nonclassical correlations for a cavity prepared initially in a superposition of nonlinear coherent states. The nonlinear interaction generates a

The quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate is a prototypical two-qubit quantum logic gate that provides the basic controlled logic for a set of gates for universal quantum computation. It has been shown that parity checking devices can be used to construct CNOT gates, and the fidelity of a CNOT operation is highly constrained by the fidelity of parity detection with this strategy. In this paper, a scheme

We predict that the phase-dependent error distribution of locally unentangled quantum states directly affects quantum parameter estimation accuracy. Therefore, we employ the displaced squeezed vacuum (DSV) state as a probe state and investigate an interesting question of the phase-sensitive nonclassical properties in the DSV’s metrology. We found that the accuracy limit of parameter estimation is a

We study the peculiarities of the coherent population trapping (CPT) dark resonance in atomic vapor confined in a finite-size cell. Taking into account the scattering of atoms on anti-relaxation coating of the walls, we analyze the line shape of the CPT resonance in $^{133}{\rm{Cs}}$ depending on various parameters, such as the width of laser radiation spectrum, the type of pumping, and the magnitude

We demonstrate the possibility of suppressing the linear response of the coherent population trapping resonance frequency to variations in the external magnetic field. The suppression can be achieved at a specific value of the clock magnetic field ${\textbf{B}}$ due to the competition between the frequency pulling by neighboring resonances and the quadratic Zeeman shift. The effect is possible only

Surface plasmon polaritons, in spite of being lossy, are known to preserve their coherence over long distances. In this paper, we investigate the coherence of surface plasmons propagating on a silver thin film surface using free-space optical Mach–Zehnder interferometry, where they are found to maintain their temporal coherence up to 80 µm, thus setting, for the first time to the best of our knowledge

The Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift is one of the important aspects to evaluate the performance of multilayer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. However, the conventional SPR sensor design procedure based on the fixed parameter scanning (FPS) method is complex and time-consuming, and makes it difficult to gain the optimized design. In this paper, in order to design the optimal GH-shift-based SPR sensor

Until recently, the generation of super-octave continua in bulk materials at full repetition rates of femtosecond (fs) oscillators has been limited to a few special cases of Kerr lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers. In 2019, we described a 3.4-octave fs source with 50 nJ pulse energy at the repetition rate of 78 MHz based on polycrystalline Cr:ZnS [Vasilyev et al., Optica 6, 126 (2019) [CrossRef] ]

The guided modes of Bloch surface waves, such as the transverse electric modes (TE00 and TE01 modes), can simultaneously exist in a low-refractive-index ridge waveguide with subwavelength thicknesses that are deposited on an all-dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystal. By using the finite-difference frequency-domain method, coupled mode theory, and the finite-difference time-domain method, the

Future optical technologies are basically depending on and employing different types of optical waveguides. The fabrication of waveguides with different properties represents an expanding direction in both the industrial and scientific fields. In the current paper, we focus on studying the polymeric planar waveguides fabricated by the method of UV–excimer–laser lithography. We propose a general technique

Gaussian-beam-like bundles of semi-guided waves propagating in a dielectric slab can excite modes with high-order optical angular momentum supported by a circular fiber. We consider a multimode step-index fiber with a high-index coating, where the waves in the slab are evanescently coupled to the modes of the fiber. Conditions for effective resonant interaction are identified. Based on a hybrid analytical–numerical