High sensitivity of collimation testing equipment is desirable where collimated beams are used for precise and accurate measurements. Precision in the setting of collimation depends on the sensitivity of the testing equipment. In the present work, sensitivity to beam collimation of the recently reported holographic shearing interferometer (HSI) [J. Opt. 20, 055603 (2018) [CrossRef] ] is measured and

Confocal chromatic displacement sensors are versatile and precise sensors for measuring the distance to a single point. In order to obtain a 3D measurement device, this paper presents an integrated scanning sensor design that employs a tilting lens mechanism for manipulating the light path of the sensor. The optical implications of the design are analytically modeled and simulated. An experimental

We propose a new method for the synthesis of arbitrary temporal output pulse profiles by using a birefringent laser pulse shaper. This shaper contains a series of $ N $ birefringent crystals placed between input and output polarizers. The synthesis method starts with the linear time-invariant system theory to determine the optimal amplitudes of the replica pulses at the output polarizer and the time

In this paper we revisit the nondiffracting properties of the cosine beam (CB). Since the CB is of infinite extension and not physically realizable, we use two apodization pupils to manage its transverse extent: the first one is a Gaussian apodized pupil, giving rise to the cosine-Gauss (CG) beam, and the second one is a window (aperture) apodized pupil, giving rise to the cosine-windowed beam. Based

Ultrashort pulse lasers are emerging as an advanced tool of distance measurement, with their unique temporal and spectral characteristics being extended to diverse principles of absolute ranging and instrumentation. Here, a systematic methodology is presented for absolute ranging by means of the time-of-flight measurement of ultrashort light pulses using dual-comb asynchronous optical sampling. Based

In this paper, a side-coupled liquid sensor and its array based on magneto-optical photonic crystal are proposed. The sensitivity and quality factor of a single magneto-optical photonic crystal sensor are 0.492 mm/RIU and 181,760, respectively. After arraying, the sensitivity of the single microcavity sensor can reach from 0.1 to 0.35 mm/RIU, and the corresponding quality factor can reach from ${{5}}

Editor-in-Chief P. Scott Carney introduces the Journal’s new Feature Editor and newest Topical Editor.

This paper presents a model-based approach to adaptive optics (AO) control based on a zonal (i.e., pixelized) representation of the incoming atmospheric turbulence. Describing the turbulence on a zonal basis enables the encapsulation of the standard frozen-flow assumption into a control-oriented model. A multilayer zonal model is proposed for single-conjugate AO (SCAO) systems. It includes an edge

We present adjoint-based Jacobian as well as gradient evaluations and corresponding reconstruction schemes to solve the fully nonlinear, optical radiative transfer modeled one-step fluorescence photoacoustic tomographic (FPAT) problem, which aims to reconstruct the map of absorption coefficient of the exogenous fluorophore from boundary photoacoustic data. The radiative transport equation (RTE) and

Comprehensive investigations of absorption enhancement by a period array of nano-grooves in gold substrate are provided. A simple Fabry–Perot model is presented to explore impact factors on absorption enhancement. The impacts of structural parameters on absorption enhancement for an array of nano-grooves are explored and discussed. Our calculations show that complete absorption (about 1) can be obtained

In this work, we return to Descartes’s idea to develop a formalism to construct rigorously stigmatic singlet lenses comprising two Cartesian surfaces. Optical systems are built using a considerable number of spherical surfaces, presenting in most cases spherical aberration. Wasermann and Wolf proposed eliminating spherical aberration and minimizing third-order coma by using two adjacent aspherical

Recently, convolutional sparse representation (CSR) has improved the preservation of details of source images in the fusion results. This is mainly because the CSR has a global representation character that can improve spatial consistency in image representation. However, during image fusion processing, since the CSR expresses infrared and visible images separately, it ignores connections and differences

Recently, fabric defect inspection techniques have received attention in textile production procedures, since demands for various textile fabrics are growing. However, visual inspection for fabric defect detection is a very difficult problem because of the complexity of the fabric pattern and various defects. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the defects in fabric surfaces using the hybrid

A three-dimensional laser scanner has been designed and widely utilized in many fields. The lens plane is tilted according to the Scheimpflug condition and the optical axis is not perpendicular to the charge-coupled device plane. In this case, depth of view can be extended significantly. In this paper, analytical models for a camera with a tilted lens and a laser scanner meeting the Scheimpflug condition

We present an analytic study of light propagation in a simple Michelson–Morley interferometer as observed by inertial observers to understand any connections among classical physics, optical physics, and special relativity. To that end, we develop coordinate transformations of wave propagation as observed in inertial frames (i.e., non-accelerating reference frames). We find that relativistic and other

The accurate counting of laminated sheets, such as packing or printing sheets in industry, is extremely important because it greatly affects the economic cost. However, the different thicknesses, adhesion properties, and breakage points and the low contrast of sheets remain challenges to traditional counting methods based on image processing. This paper proposes a new stacked-sheet counting method

In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network based on epipolar geometry and image segmentation for light-field depth estimation. Epipolar geometry is utilized to estimate the initial disparity map. Multi-orientation epipolar images are selected as input data, and the convolutional blocks are adopted based on the disparity of different-direction epipolar images. Image segmentation is used

Over the last few decades, dielectric core and metallic plasmonic shell (Die@Me) nanoparticles have found a wide variety of applications. The trend to reduce the thickness of the metallic coating requires to account for the influence of the nonlocal dispersion on the spectral response of such nanoparticles. In this paper, we use the discrete sources method and the generalized nonlocal optical response

Fourier microscopy, which makes direct observation of the angular distribution possible, is widely used in the nanooptics community. The theory of such systems is typically based on ideal lenses. However, the real lenses in the typical complex lens systems have an impact on the image quality in the experiment. Therefore, it is desirable to have a model of the entire system, which is capable of predicting

Any optical structure possesses resonance modes, and its response to an excitation can be decomposed onto the quasinormal and numerical modes of a discretized Maxwell operator. In this paper, we consider a dielectric permittivity that is an N-pole Lorentz function of the frequency. Even for discretized operators, the literature proposes different formulas for the coefficients of the quasinormal-mode

Calculation of the eigenvectors of two- and three-dimensional coherency matrices, and the four-dimensional coherency matrix associated with a Mueller matrix, is considered, especially for algebraic cases, in the light of recently published algorithms. The preferred approach is based on a combination of an evaluation of the characteristic polynomial and an adjugate matrix. The diagonal terms of the

We present a novel method based on Huygens’ principle and compressive sensing to predict the electromagnetic (EM) fields in arbitrary scattering environments by making a few measurements of the field. In doing so, we assume a homogeneous medium between the scatterers, though we do not assume prior knowledge of the permittivities or the exact geometry of the scatterers. The major contribution of this

Previous studies have demonstrated that the onset of temporal aliasing artifacts occurs when the spatial displacement between samples reaches a critical distance, and that subsequently a linear relationship exists between stimulus speed and critical sampling rates. In this paper, we carry out further experimentation using a novel experimental setup, in which a strobe light is used to emulate impulsive

Corrections are given for misprints in J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35, B278 (2018) [CrossRef] .

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution three-dimensional imaging technique that enables nondestructive measurements of surface and subsurface microstructures. Recent developments of OCT operating in the mid-infrared (MIR) range (around 4 µm) lifted fundamental scattering limitations and initiated applied material research in formerly inaccessible fields. The MIR spectral region, however

We present the design, bench-top setup, and experimental results of a compact heterodyne interferometer that achieves picometer-level displacement sensitivities in air over frequencies above 100 MHz. The optical configuration with spatially separated beams prevents frequency and polarization mixing, and therefore eliminates periodic errors. The interferometer is designed to maximize common-mode optical

A modified precious mean zone plate (MPMZP) is proposed to generate twin equal-intensity foci with the same resolution related to the precious mean. The MPMZP with a bigger copy number $C$ can generate two equal-intensity foci with approximately the same resolution. The energy efficiencies of twin foci generated by the MPMZP are approximately the same. Moreover, the MPMZP with a helical phase can generate

Image sharpening algorithms used for phase retrieval to reconstruct images in digital holography are computationally intensive, requiring iterative virtual wavefront propagation and hill-climbing algorithms to optimize sharpness criteria. Recently, it was shown that minimum-variance wavefront prediction can be integrated with digital holography and image sharpening to significantly reduce the large

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) has important applications in the in vivo visualization of a pathological process for preclinical studies. However, the reconstruction of BLT is severely ill-posed. To recover the bioluminescence source stably and efficiently, we use a log-sum regularization term in the objective function and utilize a hybrid optimization algorithm for solving the nonconvex regularized

In this paper, a metallic terahertz (THz) plasmonic waveguide comprising subwavelength scale pillars is proposed. The pillars are periodically arranged in one dimension and are assumed to be metallic; on the top of the pillars, dielectric material is deposited. The fundamental guided resonant mode properties of the waveguide are comprehensively examined with and without dielectric material. Furthermore

In this paper, we present a simple and flexible non-interferometric method to generate various polarization singularity lattice fields. The proposed method is based on a double modulation technique that uses a single reflective spatial light modulator to generate different lattice structures consisting of V-point and C-point polarization singularities. The present technique is compact with respect

A reformulation of the differential theory associated with fast Fourier factorization used for periodic diffractive structures is presented. The incorporation of a complex coordinate transformation in the propagation equations allows the modeling of semi-infinite open problems through an artificially periodized space. Hence, the outgoing wave conditions of an open structure must be satisfied. On the

In this paper, a general methodology to study rigorous discontinuities in open waveguides is presented. It relies on a full vector description given by Maxwell’s equations in the framework of the finite element method. The discontinuities are not necessarily small perturbations of the initial waveguide and can be very general, such as plasmonic inclusions of arbitrary shapes. The leaky modes of the

We propose and theoretically analyze a single-order diffractive optical element, termed binary sinusoidal multilayer grating (BSMG), to effectively suppress high-order diffractions while retaining high diffraction efficiency in the first order. The key idea is to integrate sinusoidal-shaped microstructures with high-reflectivity multilayer coatings. The dependence of the high-order diffraction property

A multilayer patterned graphene metamaterial composed of rectangular graphene, square graphene, and X-shaped graphene is proposed to achieve dual plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) at terahertz frequency. The coupled mode theory calculations are highly consistent with the finite-difference time-domain numerical results. Interestingly, a photoelectric switch has been realized, whose extinction ratio

It is worth highlighting that, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters and $C_n^2$ were measured at Lhasa, south of the Tibetan Plateau, using balloon-borne radiosondes. Based on the measurements, two new statistical models (Lhasa HMN and Lhasa Dewan) for estimating turbulence strength are proposed. Attention has been paid to evaluate the reliability

We developed a new alterative technique of the digital sorting of Laguerre–Gaussian beams (LG) by radial numbers resorting to algebra of the high-order intensity moments. The term “digital mode sorting” involves sorting the main mode characteristics (in the form of a mode spectrum) by the computer cells. If necessary, the spatial mode spectrum can be reproduced, for example, by means of a spatial light

Linear canonical transforms (LCTs) are important in several areas of signal processing; in particular, they were extended to complex-valued parameters to describe optical systems. A special case of these complex LCTs is the Bargmann transform. Recently, Pei and Huang [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 34, 18 (2017) [CrossRef] ] presented a normalization of the Bargmann transform so that it becomes possible to delimit

Using the Richards–Wolf diffraction integral theory and the tightly focused ultrashort pulse vector model, the focusing phenomena at the focal plane of subcycle and few-cycle radially polarized ultrashort pulses are studied. The dynamic focusing is revealed at the focal plane. First, the subcycle or few-cycle ultrashort pulses shrink towards the focus. Then the ultrashort pulses diverge from the focus

We determine the interval of the inhomogeneity parameter of a Jones matrix to get physically realizable optical systems satisfying the passivity condition. It is found that the inhomogeneity parameter depends on the inner product of the eigenvectors of the Jones matrix, but its maximum value depends exclusively on its eigenvalues.

We performed Mueller matrix Monte Carlo simulations of the propagation of optical radiation in diffusely scattering media for collimated incidence and report the results as a function of thickness and the angle subtended by the detector. For sufficiently small thickness, a fraction of the radiation does not undergo any scattering events and is emitted at zero angle. Thus, for a very small detector

Unlike the Mueller matrix, where parameters are not directly accessible for physical interpretation, the state-generating matrix recently introduced [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 34, 80 (2017) [CrossRef] ] provides a powerful mathematical tool for formulating all properties of nondepolarizing systems. Extending this notion to the case of depolarizing differential Mueller matrices is the issue we address in this

Using the asymptotic formula of the Hermite polynomials for higher-orders $n \gg 1$, an elegant mathematical expression that makes Hermite–Gaussian beams and cosine beams equivalent is obtained. Two factors of merit, the similarity and the power content ratio, are used to quantify the degree of equivalence between the two beams. These results yield a new nondiffracting Hermite–Gaussian beam in one

We present an experimental and numerical study of the optical properties of nanofabricated samples with layered dielectric structures. The samples, which contain periodic arrays of silicon disks over a flat layer of silicon dioxide on a silicon substrate, present diffraction and thin film interference effects. Well-defined circular fringes that modulate the intensity of the diffraction orders are observed

We introduce a very efficient noniterative algorithm to calculate the signed area of a spherical polygon with arbitrary shape on the Poincaré sphere. The method is based on the concept of the geometric Berry phase. It can handle diverse scenarios like convex and concave angles, multiply connected domains, overlapped vertices, sides and areas, self-intersecting polygons, holes, islands, cogeodesic vertices

When a target is embedded in random media, the quality of optical imaging can be improved by actively controlling the illumination and exploiting vector wave properties. A rigorous description, however, requires expensive computational resources to fully account for the electromagnetic boundary conditions. Here, we introduce a statistically equivalent scaling model that allows for reducing the complexity

Diffractive shearing interferometry (DSI) is a method that has recently been developed to perform lensless imaging using extreme ultraviolet radiation generated by high-harmonic generation. In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness of the DSI solution and the requirements for the support constraint size. We find that there can be multiple solutions to the DSI problem that consist of displaced copies

In the present work, diffraction of a Gaussian source beam by a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) semi-screen is investigated. Due to the special property of the PEMC sheet, which is a combination of perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor surfaces, the reflected wave from the PEMC surface has a cross-polarized component in addition to the co-polarized component. For an electric

A wavelength demultiplexing (WDM) structure based on graphene nanoribbon resonators is proposed and simulated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Based on a simple structure, the demultiplexing wavelength and transmission characteristics of the WDM can be tuned by adjusting the length of the resonator, the nanoribbon width, or the chemical potential of graphene within a relative

Snapshot channeled polarimeters forgo temporal modulation in favor of modulating polarization information in either space or wavenumber. We have recently introduced methodologies for describing both channeled and partial polarimeters. In this paper, we focus on the nine-reconstructables design, which limits the resolution loss by reducing the number of carriers. The architecture offers a number of

We present a design methodology for creating a distinct laser beam set suitable for detection by using only the recorded intensity pattern. We consider four coherent Laguerre-Gaussian beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) to form the basis for optical communication. The complex electric fields of the beams are superimposed to create 16 dissimilar intensity patterns. The presented beam set design

This publisher's note corrects the funding in J. Opt. Soc. Am. A36, B110 (2019).JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.36.00B110.

This publisher's note corrects the author list in J. Opt. Soc. Am. A37, 680 (2020).JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.381365.

The spatiotemporal evolution of fluorescence in an optically diffusive medium following ultrashort laser pulse excitation is evaluated using complex analytical methods. When expressed as a Fourier integral, the integrand of the time-resolved diffuse fluorescence with embedded fluorophores is shown to exhibit branch points and simple pole singularities in the lower-half complex-frequency plane. Applying

With increasing interest in using orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in high-power laser systems, accurate mathematical descriptions of the high-intensity modes at focus are required for realistic modeling. In this work, we derive various high-intensity orbital angular momentum focal spot intensity distributions generated by Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and ideal flat-top beams common to high-power

Milano Retinexes are spatial color algorithms grounded on the Retinex theory and widely applied to enhance the visual content of real-world color images. In this framework, they process the color channels of the input image independently and re-scale channel by channel the intensity of each pixel p by the so-called local reference white, i.e., a strictly positive value, computed by reworking a set

Hue linearity is an important property of uniform color spaces such that hues perceived to be similar should be located on a straight line, an iso-hue line, in that space. Previously derived hue linearity data only cover a limited color gamut. Two new psychophysical experiments were conducted that used a wide color gamut (WCG) and high dynamic range (HDR) display to extend the color range using both

We propose a practical theoretical model of an interference microscope that includes the imaging properties of optical systems with partially coherent illumination. We show that the effects on measured topography of a spatially extended, monochromatic light source at low numerical apertures can be approximated in a simplified model that assumes spatially coherent light and a linear, locally shift-invariant

This work develops expressions for the variance and power spectral density (PSD) of atmospherically induced amplitude fluctuations of a propagating beam of light, also known as scintillation. This extends a recently published analytic approach for atmospheric propagation studies, previously applied to the phase properties of a propagating beam. In addition to laying out the general principles for manipulating

Certain modified color terms encountered in a multi-language corpus of unconstrained color-naming data, elicited with 65 Color-aid Corporation tiles, can be glossed into English as "bright (or vivid) X" (e.g., Estonian "ere-X"), while other modifiers are glossed "light" or "dark." However, translation between languages or into the terms of colorimetry is never assured. We address the problem empirically