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The quote by Lord Kelvin, “if you can’t measure it, you can’t improve it,” best captures the invaluable role of sensors in any system. It also implies that to improve the performance of a system one needs to employ advanced sensor solutions. The performance requirements vary from one application to another, but are always associated with accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, range, power consumption

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A new L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PHD) and Toluidine Blue O (TBO) based amperometric biosensor for the determination of L-phenylalanine was reported in this study. An amperometric L-phenylalanine biosensor with immobilization of TBO (as a mediator,), PDH and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) onto polypyrrole-polyvinylsulphonate (PPy-PVS) film was accomplished on the surface of a platinum

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The authors of [1] have realized that inadequate attribution of previous work occurred in several sections of [1] . The authors would like to make the following corrections in this article's wording and citations.

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A photonics-based radar-lidar integrated system is proposed, which consists of a photonics-based radar and a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) lidar. Since the photonic generation of RF signals is used, the transmitter can simultaneously generate linear frequency-modulated (LFM) radio-frequency (RF) and optical signals. Meanwhile, similar data acquisition methods are shared by the radar and

In this article, a novel optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer sensor based on a one-dimensional photonic crystals wavelength modulation system is proposed with a focus on optimizing the sensitivity of the high-frequency device. The proposed accelerometer consists of a sensitive optical system and a high-frequency mechanical structure, which have been studied by rigorous coupled

Silicon-based digital electronics have evolved over decades through an aggressive scaling process following Moore’s law with increasingly complex device structures. Simultaneously, large-area electronics have continued to rely on the same field-effect transistor structure with minimal evolution. This limitation has resulted in less than ideal circuit designs, with increased complexity to account for

Although the psychophysiological signs of fatigue are well known, automatic methods for the detection of fatigue in employees in specific working conditions are still lacking. Many people do repetitive work on computers and become fatigued; therefore, the detection of fatigue in employees can help prevent accidents and increase their work efficiency. In this article, we propose an algorithm for the

Multimodal biometrics is an emerging technology for distributed data security. Single and multi-user data authentication plays a vital role in commercial or e-governance applications. Many approaches have been implemented in literature to secure the single user data using biometric security systems. Most of these systems are based on static initialization parameters and fixed multi-modal biometric

A proportional Genetic Algorithm ( ${p}$ GA) is proposed to solve the inverse problem for the image reconstruction of static electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The ${p}$ GA obtains static EIT image with higher convergence speed and better reconstruction image quality by combining Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a ratio objective function. Although GA gets better performance for EIT inverse problem

Accurate synthesis of antenna radiation behavior is a complementary step towards simulation in antenna systems design process. In this paper, a spherical harmonic decomposition (SHD) and coupled structure electromagnetic statistical model (CSESM) methods are hybridized and adapted for the first time, to actively synthesize radiation characteristics using antenna feed array. The problem of finding the

Dry electrodes are a promising solution for prolonged EEG signal acquisition, whereas wet electrodes may lose their signal quality in the same situation and require skin preparation for set-up. Here, we review the impedance and noise of passive and active dry EEG electrodes. In addition, we compare noise and input impedance of the EEG amplifiers. As there are multiple definitions of impedance in each

Harmonic currents in magnetically suspended rotor systems are usually caused by mass unbalance and displacement sensor errors, which will produce harmonic vibrations. Repetitive control (RC) is used to eliminate harmonic currents in the control system, but for the magnetic bearing control system, the odd harmonics often dominates, and the characteristics of the even harmonic frequency are not expected

To improve the dc magnetic field sensitivity of conventional inductor-type (i.e., longitudinally driven giant magnetoimpedance) sensor at the low excitation frequency, a transformer-type laminated magnetic sensor consisting of soft magnetostrictive alloy FeBSiC/piezoelectric ceramics Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 /FeBSiC heterostructure wrapped with both the exciting and sensing coils (i.e., FPFC ex C se ) is proposed

Water quality assessment has undeniable value for humanity’s well-being. Despite that, most of the existing techniques struggle to measure the quality of running water due to costly infrastructure or large evaluation time. Recently, quality measurement has been demonstrated using spectrum analysis. However, these modern systems need complicated signal processing algorithms and high processor capabilities

Biometric sensors for wearable devices have a dilemma between the small physical size to fit within the small device and the large sensing area to obtain enough information for reliable recognition. A swipe-type fingerprint sensor is a good candidate that satisfies both of small size and large sensing area. This paper proposes a compact swipe-type fingerprint sensor using a fixed-displacement shuttering

A dual-band low-profile patch antenna, which operates based on aperture-coupling mechanism, is exploited to measure the permittivity of a sample under test (SUT) in the microwave frequencies and send the measured data simultaneously. The upper resonant frequency, which is considerably affected by changing the permittivity of the SUT, can be utilized for sensing purpose. In contrast, the lower resonant

In cooperative localization for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), the practical state and measurement noises may be non-stationary non-Gaussian distributed because of sensor outliers, multi-path effect of acoustic channel, and changeable underwater environment. In this paper, a couple of novel mixture distributions, i.e., the Gaussian-Slash mixture distribution and the Gaussian-generalized hyperbolic

In this letter, a learning-based inversion method with a hybrid input scheme is proposed to solve quantitative microwave imaging (MI) problems. The high-resolution dielectric targets are reconstructed by convolutional neural network (CNN) with a hybrid input scheme. The qualitative direct sampling method (DSM) is utilized to provide the spatial information, while the quantitative back propagation (BP)

Next generation AR glasses require a highly integrated, high-resolution near-eye display technique such as focus-free retinal projection to enhance usability. Combined with low-power eye-tracking, such glasses enable better user experience and performance. We propose a novel and robust low-power eye-tracking sensor for integration into retinal projection systems. In our approach, a MEMS micro mirror

Significant fluctuations in body fluid pH can indicate the onset of infection or a chronic condition. In this paper, a hydrogel-activated circular discrete interdigitated capacitive (D-IDC) biosensor is introduced for monitoring the acidity of biological fluids. The pH-sensitive transducer is a thin biocompatible chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel disk positioned at the center of a multi-terminal

A novel wearable human machine interface based on mechanomyogram (MMG) signals was presented in this study. A three-axis accelerometer was fixed to a customized watch strap to measure the MMG signals that were generated by the end of the extensor digitorum muscle. Eight gaming gestures, including clapping, index figure flicking, finger snapping, coin flipping, shooting, wrist extension, wrist flexion

For resonant mass sensors, a frequency sweeping procedure is usually required to identify the frequency shift in a relative frequency range, which is not suitable for detecting incremental mass. The impedance detection method can measure mass at a fixed frequency. To further explore such sensing mechanism, the main geometrical parameters influencing the impedance sensitivity have been carefully analyzed