Patch-clamp technique is the gold standard for cellular electrophysiological measurements, which is capable of measuring single ion transport events across the cell membrane. However, the measurement possesses significant complexities, and it requires a high level of expertise, while its experimental throughput is nevertheless considerably low. Here, we suggest and experimentally demonstrate a laser-assisted

The impact of thermal quenching on the photostability of bismuth active center (BAC) is investigated through measuring the photo-bleaching process under 830 nm irradiation in quenched Bi/Er co-doped fiber (BEDF). By fitting with the stretched-exponential model, the emission intensity ascribed to the photostable BAC associated with silica (BAC-Si) at 1400 nm (I( $\infty $ )), unbleachable ratio $(\gamma

In this letter we present a fast triple voltage quenching circuit (TVQC) with an integrated $40~\mu \text{m}$ diameter single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in 0.35- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS. By pre-biasing the switching MOSFETs the reaction time of the TVQC is kept small, leading to a total quenching time of only 1.4 ns of which 0.61 ns are actively quenched. This short reaction time reduces the avalanche

We investigate the flexibility of a LUT-based hierarchical DM for Probabilistic Constellation Shaping providing flexible net bit rates. Using a fixed parallelized input and output LUT-based architecture, including a flexible strategy to organize the input bits in each LUT, the proposed scheme shows an efficient performance in terms of rate loss vs. complexity, resulting in a DM solution to enable flexible

A polymer waveguide mode selecting switch (MSS) composed of two cascaded MMI couplers is demonstrated. The MSS can switch different data channels over $\text{E}_{\mathbf {00}}$ and $\text{E}_{\mathbf {10}}$ modes. Polymer waveguide dimensions are optimized with beam propagation method. The simulated results indicate that the worst insertion loss is 5.5 dB at 1550 nm and the switching powers for $\text{E}_{\mathbf

Carrier-induced anti-guiding effects emerging at extremely high injection current densities under short-pulse operation necessitate lateral-waveguide design considerations, that differ from those required when continuous-wave operation is desired. Here, we investigate variations of the lateral index-guiding trench design to achieve an excellent brightness value of 27.4 Wmm −1 mrad −1 from tapered-ridge-waveguide

Single-mode VCSELs have been demonstrated with great transmission capability over multimode fibers in the literature through restricted launch, which is beyond what is allowed by the effective modal bandwidth (EMB) defined for multimode transmission with the encircled flux launch condition. However, the impact of fiber index profile errors and their interactions with launch conditions have not been

Grating coupling is a widely adopted strategy for coupling light into optical waveguides. While this versatile approach benefits both fabrication and alignment, grating couplers are particularly sensitive to both wavelength and polarization. These drawbacks hinder its application in integrated wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) transceivers, where widely separated wavelength

This letter presents for the first time a new type of indirect time-of-flight (ToF) detection unit based on avalanche photodiode (APD) which is simple in structure and easy to integrate. Leveraging the advantages afforded by the direct ToF and indirect ToF technology, it has been verified by simulation that it has good time resolution, and the measurement results show a standard deviation of 3.17 mm

An inline fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of curvature and temperature based on anti-resonant (AR) effect combined with multimode interference (MMI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensing structure is simply formed by embedding a section of multimode fiber (MMF) and glass capillary between single-mode fibers (SMF). Thence the multimode interference (MMI) pattern with dips

A novel variable operating frequencies spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) filter is proposed in this letter. This proposed spoof SPP filter is adopted double-layers structure, the bandwidths of this proposed filter can be freely designed by loading corresponded upper layer. Dielectric layer and I-shape structure layer are utilized to design the upper layer of the proposed filter, then, wide-range

We demonstrate a new variety of spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguides and notch filters with periodic arrays of ultra-thin metallic meander-strip units for high-efficiency and strong confinement microwave SSPPs transmission and notch rejection. Firstly, the dispersion characteristics of the proposed SSPPs waveguide based on meander-strip units are investigated. The dispersion curve of the

We fabricate an oleic acid capped colloidal lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) by modified hot-injection method, and then drop them on the end of fiber connector to construct the fiber-based PbS QDs saturable absorber (SA). The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the PbS QDs SA are about 30% and 1.88 MW/cm 2 , respectively. The strong quantum confinement effect in PbS QDs enables wideband

An integrated electro-optic modulator based on a waveguide Bragg grating in thin-film lithium niobate is introduced. The compact device with a footprint of $10\times 400\,\,\mu \text {m}^{2}$ displays an optical extinction ratio of 53.8 dB at a wavelength of 1555.9 nm in the C-band. With a simple intensity modulation and direct detection scheme, data rates up to 100 Gbit/s are demonstrated with 2-

We propose an optical convolutional neural network (OCNN) architecture for high-speed and energy-efficient deep learning accelerators. The WDM-based optical patching scheme (WDM-OPS) is adopted as the data-feeding structure for its superior energy efficiency and the microring banks are used for the large-scale weighting and summing (the computing core). We thoroughly investigate the performance (including

This letter reports a Pd/MoS 2 /rGO/CuO/ITO structure based Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) photodetector. The proposed MSM device is obtained by vertical integration of a Pd/MoS 2 Schottky junction and a CuO /ITO (i.e., (Indium-doped Tin Oxide) Schottky junction separated by thin reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer. The rGO layer is used to improve the quality of the MoS 2 layer by mitigating the effects

We propose and demonstrate an all-optical tunable polymer bottle micro-resonator fabricated by droplet dispensing method. A microfiber is used to excite whispering gallery mode (WGM) of the micro-resonator. Continuous wave (CW) laser is employed as pump light to tune the WGM. To illustrate tuning performance of the fabricated device, external and internal pump light methods are both employed. For external

In ultracompact image displays based on metasurfaces, the image color is usually controlled by varied nanostructure dimensions, which requires elaborate design and precise manufacturing of nanostructures. Here, we present a metasurface composed of equal-sized nanostructures to control the color of output light, simply by polarization control. Specifically, with resonances occurring in two orthogonal

We report on a robust, erbium-doped ultrafast fiber laser mode-locked by an artificial saturable absorber (SA) based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE). Unlike previous NPE fiber lasers, our cavity employs all polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber so that the laser is insensitive against environmental fluctuations. By incorporating a phase shifter in the NPE artificial SA, the oscillator possesses

This letter presents a new optical fiber structure with the capability of measuring nano-displacement. This device is composed by a cleaved fiber and a drop-shaped microstructure that is connected to the fiber cladding. This optical structure is responsible for the light beam division and the formation of new optical paths. The operation mode consists of the Vernier effect that allows achieving higher

We present the first demonstration of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) based on InAs quantum dots (QDs) on InP. A very high density of 10 11 cm −2 per QD layer, and a thin spacing layer of 15 nm are used to enhance the QD modal gain within the VCSEL cavity. Continuous wave (CW) operation is demonstrated at room temperature on optically pumped devices emitting at telecommunication wavelength

We designed a high spatial resolution scintillation screen with a vertical ZnO nanowires structure that converts X-ray to UV-visible light. These well-distributed vertical ZnO nanowires were grown by the hydrothermal method, which plays an important role as a light guide to suppress lateral spreading. Sharp and high X-ray digital images have been obtained from a cooled-CCD camera. The best spatial

We demonstrate a composite Tm/Ho:YLF laser for the first time via the integration of Tm-doped and Ho-doped YLF crystals into a single bulk gain medium. Considering the incident pump power at 792 nm, maximum output power of 10.2 W at 2063 nm with power instability of 0.55% was obtained, corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 25.5% and slope efficiency of 29.6 %. Thermal stability of the

Temporal multiplexing or demultiplexing of quantum signals would benefit from low-loss, high speed, high rate, and low noise switches. Fiber cross-phase-modulation based switches are a promising solution, but their maximum switching rate is usually limited by pump power limitations. We demonstrate the use of mid-stage pump-pulse re-timing to improve the pump-power efficiency and thus increase the maximum

We demonstrate an ultra-broadband silicon photonic interleaver capable of interleaving and de-interleaving frequency comb lines over a 125 nm bandwidth in the extended C- and L-bands. We use a ring-assisted asymmetric Mach Zehnder interferometer to achieve a flat-top passband response while maintaining a compact device footprint. The device has a 400 GHz free spectral range to divide an optical frequency

The method of threshold exceedances is used to investigate the impact of transceiver noise on the outage probability due to per-span polarization dependent loss (PDL). A simulation model that captures the distributed effect of PDL on the signal and amplified spontaneous emission noise is used to obtain bit-wise achievable information rate (BW-AIR) data for 10,000 instances of the link PDL. The outage

An optical fiber micro-channel sensor assisted by Bragg gratings is presented in this study. The micro-channel was fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. The sensor is based on intensity demodulation with compensation for fluctuations and is characterized by blends of different refractive indices infused into the micro-channel. The reflected signal of the sensor grating discloses a linear

In this letter, a scalar non-iterative bi-directional finite element based beam propagation method (NI-BiBPM) is proposed for the analysis of light propagation in photonic devices with circular symmetry. We adopt the Blocked Schur algorithm (BSA) for calculating the square root of the characteristic matrix in order to achieve fast and stable results and to avoid the complications and limitations of

In this letter, we present the design and implementation of a wavelength tunable Q-switching fiber laser based on two-cascaded tunable filters; overlapping on transmission spectrum of both filters allows keeping the cavity losses at low level, while losing the overlapping condition increases the losses in the cavity. Following these two conditions, one tunable filter is used to select the wavelength

We evaluate possibility of utilizing the mode-field matched center-launching (MCL) technique in the 850-nm band. For this purpose, we realize the MCL technique by fusion-splicing the HI-780 pigtail fiber of the transmitter to the OM2-type transmission multi-mode fiber (MMF). The results show that we can achieve the high coupling efficiency of >92% by optimizing the splicing conditions such as the arc-discharge

Time-of-flight single-photon counting laser ranging offers an important tool for remote sensing and imaging. However, limited by the temporal properties of a single-photon detection and counting system, it encounters a challenge for high-resolution and high-precision distance metrology. Here, we incorporated dual-comb based laser ranging, an enabling technique for rapid distance measurements with high

Low-power continuous-wave (cw) pumped supercontinuum sources exhibit poor spectral flatness and high sensitivity to the position of pump-wavelength with respect to the zero-dispersion of the nonlinear fiber. We propose a technique to overcome these limitations by the simple addition of a section of transmission fiber (such as Corning LEAF) before the nonlinear broadening stage. The pump incoherence

It is a great challenge to use visible and coherent light source to realize high-fidelity optical transmission in free space around the corner where blockade, reflection and scattering occur, and quality of the information retrieved at the receiving end is significantly affected. In this Letter, we propose a novel method to solve the problems encountered in data transmission in free space around the

We present a study of near-field dynamics of ultra-wide-aperture (800 $\mu \text{m}$ ) high-power diode lasers pumped by nanosecond current pulses. The studied lasers are based on AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs asymmetric heterostructure with a wide waveguide and operate at 1060 nm. It is shown that an increased aperture width of 800 $\mu \text{m}$ makes it possible to maintain high emission efficiency at high

The “laser diode mini-bar (LDMB) – multi-element thyristor array (META)” vertical stack design is developed and its optoelectronic characteristics are studied. It is shown that adding a highly-doped layer to a low-voltage thyristor p-base leads to an increase in the repetition rate up to 1 MHz at nanosecond laser and current pulses. Laser pulses with 11.5 W peak power and 2.4 ns pulse width at 1 MHz

In this work, we report a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)-Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) active interferometer as a low cost and miniaturized tunable broadband sliced source and optical loss auto-equalizer for single pass band microwave photonic filter (MPF). A low finesse Fabry-Perot MEMS interferometer is formed from a movable deeply etched micro-mirror in front of a cleaved fiber facet

Double dielectric DBR based GaN-based micro cavity light emitting devices with two different structures were fabricated, and their thermal characteristics were investigated. To improve thermal dissipation, an AlN current confinement layer with a much higher thermal conductivity than SiO 2 and an electroplated copper heat sink were utilized. The thermal resistance of the device decreased from 923 K/W

We present an InP-based epitaxially regrown photonic crystal surface emitting laser diode, operating under pulsed electrical drive at room temperature, and lasing at 1523 nm. This opens the route to the development of high efficiency InP based surface emitting lasers.

We investigate multiwavelength-pumped optical frequency combs (OFCs) based on a new kind of coupling systems - a biconical microfiber coupler (MFC) combined with a fiber laser. Compared with other comb generations, this device possesses the advantages of an easy implementation and of achieving tunable pump wavelengths, which would increase the flexibility of the OFC generation. In essence, the adjustable

A new inter-frame polar coded modulation scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in an infrared light communication (ILC) system. The scheme utilizes the Monte Carlo (MC) method to jointly design an inter-frame polar code with 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation (16QAM) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). The indoor transmission of 9.6 Gbit/s 16QAM OFDM signal is experimentally

In the letter [1] , the authors’ affiliation were listed incorrectly. The correct affiliation is as follows:

A new method for high-speed photonic arbitrary waveform generation using optical sinc-pulse sequences and Mach-Zehnder modulators is presented, enabling a three- to four-fold increase in sampling rate compared to the bandwidth of the used modulator for generating the pulses and an $N$ -fold increase compared to the bandwidth of the incorporated electronics, with $N$ as the number of parallel branches

This article demonstrates that ZnO can be used both as the insulating dielectric and the channel by appropriately mixing with lithium and indium, respectively. The ion-conducting lithium zinc oxide (Li 2 ZnO 2 ) as the dielectric and indium zinc oxide (IZO) as the channel used to fabricate thin-film transistors operating in accumulation mode are derived using the solution-processable method. The novelty

A passively mode-locked Tm 3+ -doped fiber laser based on the mechanism of nonlinear polarization rotation and cascading chirped long period fiber grating (LPFG) to generate ultrafast cylindrical vector (CV) mode output is proposed and demonstrated. The fiber laser output traditional soliton pulses operating at 1878.8 nm with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3.94 nm. The pulse duration of the laser is ~1.05 ps

In this article, the effect of MoS 2 and ZnO blend ratio on the performance of MoS 2 :ZnO hybrid photodiodes is investigated. The UV and visible performance parameters for five different devices consisting of semiconducting layers like MoS 2 , ZnO, MoS 2 :ZnO (1:1), MoS 2 :ZnO (1:2), and MoS 2 :ZnO (2:1) each are analyzed. The device MoS 2 :ZnO (1:2) shows the best performance in the UV region with

Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) is one of the key building blocks for on-chip optical networks, which can download the desired signals from the bus waveguide to the corresponding drop port and upload the local signals from the add port to the bus waveguide to achieve the signals dropping/adding between the local and the bus waveguide. In this letter, we propose a ROADM based on

We have demonstrated direct generation of high-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes by chiral long-period gratings (CLPGs) written in a few mode fiber (FMF) via a CO 2 laser. The high-order core modes (LP 11 , LP 21 , and LP 31 modes) were realized by the CLPGs through high order diffraction modes with efficiencies of more than 99.69%. The -1 st , −2 nd , and −3 rd order OAM modes can be generated

An analytical model for estimating the stress -induced birefringence in true Panda-type polarization -maintaining fibers with imperfect geometry has been developed in this letter. The developed model is simpler and more accurate compared to conventional sophisticated and asymptotic formulas in reported works. Our model provides a clear and simple solution to demonstrate the periodic dependence of the

In this letter, spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) are developed in a slotted half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) to realize a bandpass propagation feature instead of a traditional low-pass one. We investigate the dispersion properties to analyze the performance of an SSPP unit cell. Parametric sweepings are further performed to reveal the direct relationships between geometry and

Higher-order Bessel-like optical beams can be created through off-axis coupling of light into a multimode fiber. Thanks to the aberration that is inherent in spherical surfaces, through directing the Bessel-like beam comprising multiple concentric rings onto a low-cost lens, we created multiple foci at different depths. Moreover, scanning of the optical fiber with a piezoelectric actuator in the lateral

A very large mode-area 2 wt% erbium-doped double-clad phosphate fiber with a core diameter of $60~\mu \text{m}$ and core numerical aperture of 0.03 was fabricated and used for the last stage amplifier of an all-fiber pulsed laser master-oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) at 1550 nm. The Er 3+ double-clad phosphate fiber has a cladding-core ratio of 2.17 and a V number of 3.6 at 1550 nm. 3 mJ pulses

A microwave frequency measurement system utilizing the optical injection technology in a semiconductor laser is proposed. A single-wavelength optical carrier is generated and divided into two parts. One part is intensity-modulated by a control signal with a triangular shape and then injected into a semiconductor laser to generate a frequency scanning optical sideband. The other part is modulated by

In this letter, we demonstrated efficient $\sim 2.9~\mu \text{m}$ lasing in Ho 3+ /Pr 3+ co-doped AlF 3 based glass fibers. The Ho 3+ /Pr 3+ co-doped fibers were fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method based on the AlF 3 - BaF 2 - YF 3 - MgF 2 - PbF 2 glass. By using a 50 cm long Ho 3+ /Pr 3+ co-doped AlF 3 based glass fiber as the gain medium and an 1120 nm fiber laser as the pump source, lasing

We report a self-assembly composite photonic crystal with humidity-controlled structure color, towarding to easy humidity detection by a smartphone. As the key issue, the composite photonic sensor is developed via quasi-coating the silica colloidal photonic crystal (SPC) with hydrophilic metal-organic-framework (MOF). Thus the sensor combines the complementary adsorption properties between SPC and

A variable step perturb and observe(P&O) algorithm is proposed to realize the automatic bias control of Mach-Zehnder(MZ) modulator. A weak sinusoidal disturbance signal is added to the bias input port of the EOM. The control system based on the principle of phase-locked amplification provides the foundation for the algorithm. The simulation results of variable step and fixed step algorithms show the

A highly sensitive fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) is designed and demonstrated experimentally. The EFPI is composed of two sections of single mode fiber (SMF), a segment of silica capillary tube (SCT), an air cavity, and cured polymer which is filled in the SCT. The sensing part of structure of proposed EFPI is the air cavity, and the cured polymer has a modulating effect on

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that operates as an optical equalizer (OE) with multi-rate and multi-channel capability. The OE has the structure of a 3-tap direct form finite impulse response (FIR) filter and is based on the use of micro-ring resonators (MRRs) for the tuning of its delay lines. The PIC is fabricated on TriPleX platform and has 17 reconfigurable

We present an efficient 976 nm fiber laser achieved in a step index large-mode-area (LMA) fiber by 915 nm diode pumping. The 976 nm lasing was enabled using spectroscopic engineering in a fiber design that helps suppress the competing 1030 nm gain. Our study shows, alumino-phospho-silicate (Al:P) is advantageous for shaping a gain spectrum in favor of 976 nm compared to other widely used compositions

We report electrically re-configurable liquid crystal core rib waveguide based electro-optic switch. It is proposed to use single side anchored in-plane switching (IPS) configuration for optical switching in view of its low threshold voltage and low switching voltage in comparison to that in a double-side anchored LC waveguide switch. Further, the proposed LC waveguide based switch has better response

In this article, a new spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide developed from traditional coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed. The asymptotic frequency of the SSPP unit cell can be easily manipulated by changing the meander groove dimensions of the SSPPs. A simple and efficient mode-conversion structure with gradient groove lengths is designed on the CPW’s ground to match the momentum of