The study of multiphase flows gained much importance because of its extensive applications in nature and industry. These flows possess two or more thermodynamic phases, for example, one component phase (e.g., water vapors and water flow) or several components phase (e.g., water and oil flow). The most common example of multiphase flow in the context of the oil industry is petroleum. Further blood flow

On the basis of Xu’s interfacial wave theory, the stability of dendritic growth in a convective binary alloy melt with buoyancy effect is studied using the asymptotic method. The resulting asymptotic solution of equations reveals that the stability mechanism of dendritic growth in the binary alloy melt with buoyancy-driven convection is similar to that in a pure melt. Dendritic growth is stable above

In this paper, the two-phase flow of non-Newtonian fluid is investigated. The main source of the flow is metachronal waves which are caused by the back and forth motion of cilia attached to the opposite walls of the channel. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of Casson fluid experience the effects of transverse magnetic fields incorporated with the slippery walls of the channel. Thermal effects are examined

Multiferroic nanocrystalline Bi1−xSrxFeO3 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1) samples were synthesized using the sol–gel method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and SQUID system. The small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the sample underwent phase transition from rhombohedral to pseudo-cubic structure with the enhancement of Sr content. In addition, impurity peaks gradually

In this paper, we investigate the decoherence of GHZ state under three noisy channels in non-inertial frames. The phase flip, the bit flip and the phase damping channels are considered as noisy channels, respectively. By using three-tangle τ as the measurement of entanglement, we numerically calculate the genuine tripartite entanglement of GHZ state under noisy environments in non-inertial frames.

In this communication, structural and electrical properties of rare earth oxides La2O3 (LO) and LaNdO3 (LNO) have been studied. To understand the structural properties of the LO and LNO samples, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement was carried out at room temperature. The XRD patterns have been analyzed by Rietveld refinement to confirm the single-phase nature of both the samples. The crystal structures

In this study, the Lonngren-wave equation, which is physically semiconductor, is taken into consideration. Traveling wave solutions of this equation are presented with generalized exponential rational function method, which is one of the mathematically powerful analytical methods. These solutions are produced in bright (non-topological) soliton and complex trigonometric-type traveling wave solutions

The Chen–Lee–Liu equation is a modified Schrödinger equation to describe a solitary wave of ultrashort pulses in optics, which lead to a discontinuous time, so a fractal modification is suggested and a fractal variational principle is established by the semi-inverse method.

In this work, the transport properties of carbon atom chains sandwiched between Au (100) nanoelectrodes with different anchored structures have been studied using a combination of first principles and nonequilibrium Green’s function. The results show that the transport properties of the carbon chain are not only related to the chain length and the number of C atoms (odd/even), but also related to the

The outbreak of COVID-19 has a great impact on the world. Considering that there are different infection delays among different populations, which can be expressed as distributed delay, and the distributed time-delay is rarely used in fractional-order model to simulate the real data, here we establish two different types of fractional order (Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio) COVID-19 models with distributed

CdMnTe is demonstrated to be a good candidate in the X-ray and γ-ray detector application, however, there are few reports on theoretical analysis of electron scattering rate in CdMnTe quantum well. Within the framework of effective mass approximation and envelope function approximation, the influence of the Mn alloy composition (xMn), the well width (Lw), the electron temperature (Te) and the electron

The effect of nonlinear chirp combination on the enhancement of harmonic cutoff and harmonic intensity has been investigated by using a two-color chirped pulse. It is found that with the combination of 2-order chirp form, the strongest intensity enhancement of harmonic spectrum can be found. While, with the combination of 2-order and 3-order chirp forms, the largest cutoff extension of the harmonic

Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)/metal/GZO structures were fabricated on glass substrates to be the transparent conducting layers in this study. GZO films and metal films were deposited at room-temperature by a radio-frequency sputter and a thermal evaporator, respectively. The GZO/Ag/GZO (GAG) structures had poor electrical and optical properties due to the formation of Ag islands on the GZO layer. A 1-nm Cu seed

Two dimensional (2D) materials are widely attracting the interest of researchers due to their unique crystal structure and diverse properties. In the present work, tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanorods were synthesized by a simple method of pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) environment. The prepared WS2 are analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy

To provide a model for real-time prediction of cutting forces, vibrations and optimal energy consumption (EC) model, a new hybrid algorithm based on Back-Propagation Neural Network and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (BPNN-MOPSO) was developed to determine the optimal cutting parameters with minimal total energy consumption. High-speed milling experiments were conducted to confirm the proposed

This study analyzed the relationship between the defect area identified through a C-scan and the void volume in CF-PEKK composite materials through the water absorption behavior to predict the void volume. The water absorption content varies with the defect area; however, the defect area identified through a C-scan and the water absorption content did not show a proportional relationship. This is because

Radiation therapy is an essential part of the comprehensive breast cancer treatment strategy, and radiation dermatitis is the inevitable side-effect. According to either patient-related or treatment-related factors, patients will experience different degrees of acute radiation dermatitis. This study proposes a machine learning architecture based on image and time series features. Using the skin image

In developing a new milling technique that can produce high precision, smoothness, and gloss on nickel workpiece surfaces, a widely used material is in industrial applications, particularly in mold manufacturing, in which the production requires exceptionally high accuracy. In this work, the factors influencing the magnetic material milling process are determined by investigating the distribution of

The number of people suffering from diabetes in Taiwan has been increasing in recent years, according to data from the Health Promotion Administration, the prevalence rate of diabetes in Taiwan has reached 5%. In 2019, there were approximately 1.1 million type 1 diabetes patients under the age of 20 in the world, indicating that diabetes is also threatening the health of children and adolescents. Moreover

The purpose of this study is to develop a lightweight design model for an 18ft leisure boat. The existing leisure boat is manufactured using glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRP) material and the hand lay-up process. Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) was applied to the new design to reduce the boat’s weight, while an automated tape laying machine was applied to the lightweight boat’s manufacturing

The life time and quality of thermal spray coatings are strongly influenced by the technological parameters of the coating process and characteristics of the coated surface. In this paper, 16Mn steel substrates of different surface roughness are coated by Cr3C2-NiCr using a plasma spray technique. The adhesion of the coating to the substrate has been studied in relation to the roughness of the substrate

In this study, the indentation hardness test is performed by elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analysis. In order to investigate the effect of the wear of indenter tip on the load-penetration depth curve (p−h curve), indentation simulation is made by changing the indenter tip radius. The p−h curve obtained by finite element method (FEM) is in good agreement with the experimental results. The calculation

The purpose of this study is to determine the correct estimation of laminated design for composite materials applied to a ship radar mast. Recently, as the IMO’s environmental regulations have been strengthened to increase the energy efficiency of ships, the IMO has also begun to consider operational economics such as energy reduction through lightening the hull. Demand for lighter weight technology

In this study, we focused on the molten salt method and attempted a simple synthesis of SrTi0.8Co0.2O3. It was clarified that SrTi0.8Co0.2O3 can be obtained under relatively mild conditions by using the molten salt. In all samples, the electrical conductivity increased with increasing temperature. Compared with the sample without the molten salt, the electric conductivity of the samples with the molten

This study utilized a new type of detector, the CROSS II (Liverage Biomedical Inc., Taiwan), to perform a beam quality assurance (QA) procedure on a Sumitomo (Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Inc., Japan) pencil beam linear scanning proton therapy machine. The Cross II can monitor proton Pristine Bragg peak range, beam width, beam size, beam position, and scanning speed. All the data presented here were

In this paper, a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is investigated and a sliding mode control (SMC) design is presented. The method is proposed for uncertain systems with model uncertainties, nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances. Using nominal system and related bounds of uncertainties, a chattering alleviating scheme is also proposed, which can ensure the robust SMC law. The performance

In this study, we developed a nanoscale emitter having a multi-layer thin-film nanostructure in an effort to maximize the field-emission effect with a low voltage difference. The emitter was a sapphire board on which tungsten–DLC multi-player thin film was deposited using PVD and CVD processes. This multi-layer thin-film emitter was examined in a high-vacuum X-ray tube system. Its field-emission efficiency

In this study, tempering effect on the residual stress is studied after uniform heating–quenching and nonuniform heating–quenching for bimetallic work roll. Results for uniform heating treatment showed that the maximum stress at the center decreases by 68% from 396 MPa to 126 MPa after the first and second tempering. Results for nonuniform heating treatment showed that the maximum stress at the center

MIM devices fabricated with 10-nm thickness of Al2O3 high-k thin film deposited using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) system on Al-coated Si substrate were investigated. The structural, morphological and electrical properties of Ti/Al2O3/Al/Si MIM capacitors as-deposited and post-deposition annealed (PDA) at different temperatures were studied and compared. Al2O3 thin films were investigated

In this study, the preparation of ternary photocatalyst using a simple hydrothermal method is shown with high performance. A ternary composite consisting of tungsten sulfide (WS2) nanosheets, titanium oxide (TiO2) and gold (Au) nanoparticles is used to the extend the visible-light absorption region of TiO2. The morphological and spectroscopic natures of the prepared sample were analyzed using scanning

In this paper, a proportional method for evaluating an intensity of singular stress field (ISSF) at an interface corner in a butt joint (BJ) with an adhesive spew is proposed. Square-shaped inclusion models under bi-axial tensile stress and under shear stress are used as reference models. The ISSFs for the BJ are calculated by superposing those for the reference models. The reference and BJ models

Local electronic and atomic structures of the B-site ions in perovskite SrFe1−xMnxO3−δ were evaluated with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Mn, Fe K- and L-edges and O K-edge. The energy of LIII- and LII-edge peaks for Mn and Fe ions stayed unchanged against the change in Mn content x. The analysis of Mn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) revealed that Mn−O polyhedra was

This research aims to study the effects of water pH and immersion time on water absorption and mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced bioplastic composites. The composite samples were exposed to three different water conditions of normal water, distilled water and saltwater. The composites were immersed for a maximum of 40 days. After immersing for 40 days, the highest moisture absorption

The pill manufacturing process accrues substantial financial costs due to quality. Pill quality inspection is laborious, time-consuming and subjective, resulting in poor statistical representation and inconsistent results. In this study, we developed an approach that integrates deep learning algorithms and computer-vision-based processing with an optimization algorithm to fully automate the image analysis

This paper reviews the current progress on searching the Kitaev spin liquid state in 3d electron systems. Honeycomb cobaltates were recently proposed as promising candidates to realize the Kitaev spin liquid state, due to the more localized wavefunctions of 3d ions compared with that of 4d and 5d ions, and also the easy tunability of the exchange Hamiltonian in favor of Kitaev interaction. Several

The performance of supercapacitor electrode materials was greatly affected by the specific surface area. The urchin-like NiCo2O4 was transformed into porous NiCo2O4 (AA-NiCo2O4) using the acid–alkali treatment method. The specific surface area of AA-NiCo2O4 was 165.0660 m2/g, which was about three times larger than that of NiCo2O4. The specific capacitance of the AA-NiCo2O4 was enhanced significantly

In this work, single crystals of TlIn1−xGaxSe2 solid solutions were grown by the methods of zone recrystallization, technologies for the manufacture of strain gauges based on them were developed and the tensoresistive properties of these phases were studied, the coefficient of strain sensitivity was determined by the static method depending on the temperature, the magnitude of mechanical deformation

The era of SoC design has great dependency on CMOS circuits owing to its low power and high reliability which could contribute in the effective circuit designing. Here, a unique approach for the designing of voltage tunable current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) is reported for the realization of Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb (KHN) filter. The proposed design has been simulated by using Cadence

In this paper, rotation properties of suspended particles under an external rotating electric field (EREF) are investigated. Based on the re-distribution of surface-induced charges on moving particles, the torque exerting on particles by EREF is derived analytically. Furthermore, for the sol suspended in Newtonian fluid, the angular velocity of the rotating particle is formulated by the EREF and the

Understanding energy transfer between working fluid and vapor is a critical issue in absorption refrigeration and thermophysics for the aim of intensifying heat conversion. However, it is difficult to achieve by experimental measurements due to the difficulty in catching the detailed and accurate modeling information, e.g., specific working fluid, and its underlying molecular mechanism. In order to

Since the concept of memristor was proposed, the memristor, as the fourth-generation electronic component, has attracted great attention from researchers. Memristors can be used not only for nonvolatile memory but also to mimic the behavior of nervous system. The inherent nonlinearity of memristor makes it valuable in nonlinear circuits. Since it is still difficult to realize the commercial application

The electronic transport behavior of a sulflower molecule sandwiched between metal leads by S atom connecting apex Au or Ag atoms was investigated using a first-principles study by current-voltage characteristics, transmission spectrum and local density of states. Negative differential resistance (NDR) effect which originates from Coulomb blockade driven by bias was obtained. We also found that the

In this paper, we use the improved modified extended tanh-function method to obtain exact solutions for the nonlinear longitudinal wave equation in magneto-electro-elastic circular rod. With the aid of this method, we get many exact solutions like bright and singular solitons, rational, singular periodic, hyperbolic, Jacobi elliptic function and exponential solutions. Moreover, the two-dimensional

Micropolar fluid flow studied in this paper is influenced by microstructural slip. The flow is directed by a scheme of Partial Differential Equalities. These Partial Differential Equalities are then converted to nonlinear set of Ordinary Differential Equalities via boundary layer conversions. MATLAB bvp4c built in code is taken into account to resolve the leading set of ODEs, along with the initial-boundary

In this work, an exact renormalization group treatment of honeycomb lattice leading to an exact relation between the coupling strengths of the honeycomb and the triangular lattices is presented. Using the honeycomb and the triangular duality relation, the critical coupling values of honeycomb and triangular lattices are calculated exactly by the simultaneous solution of the renormalized relation and

Complex network is now widely used in a series of disciplines such as biology, physics, mathematics, sociology and so on. In this paper, we construct the stock price trend network based on the knowledge of complex network, and then propose a method based on information entropy to divide the stock network into some communities, that is, a gathering study of stock price trend. We construct time series

This papers presents new exact analytical solutions of a generalized Ito equation having three nonlinear terms, third- and fifth-order derivative forms that model the dynamics of traveling waves in nonlinear dispersive systems. With the help of Riccati equation method, we obtain different kinds of exact traveling wave solutions containing dark, singular, trigonometric, rational and other form of waves

In this paper, we study the (3+1)-dimensional Burger system which is considered in soliton theory and generated by considering the Hirota bilinear operators. The bilinear frame to the Burger system by using the multi-dimensional Bell polynomials is constructed. Also, based on the binary Bäcklund transformations, the generalized Bell polynomials are written. We retrieve some novel exact analytical solutions

This paper analyzes the influence of mixed convective fourth grade nanofluid flow by a stretchable Riga device in the presence variable thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity. Heat and mass transportation are considered with Cattaneo–Christov (CC) model. Thermal radiation and dissipation are also taken in the energy expression. Suitable transformation is employed to reduce partial differential system

Incompressible fluids are studied in such disciplines as ocean engineering, astrophysics and aerodynamics. Under investigation in this paper is a (3+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equation in an incompressible fluid. Based on the known bilinear form, BLMP hybrid solutions comprising a lump wave, a periodic wave and two kink waves, and hybrid solutions comprising a breather wave and

Ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) is an effective method that has been widely applied in welding structure to improve the fatigue properties of materials. It combines mechanical impact and ultrasonic vibration to produce plastic deformation on the weld joints surface, which introduces beneficial compressive residual stress distribution. To evaluate the effect of UIT technology on alleviating the residual

This paper aims to study the effects of activation energy and thermal radiation in the bioconvection flow of nanofluid (third-grade nanofluid) containing swimming microorganisms in the presence of a heat source-sink past a stretching sheet. Brownian movement and thermophoresis diffusion are used in mathematical modeling. The given flow phenomenon is modeled in the form of governing partial differential

The stability of the existence of the topological properties even in non-equilibrium condition such as irradiation of external time-periodic perturbation paves the way for designing and controlling the properties of materials. We study the change in the structure of the quasi-energy spectrum under the influence of the circularly polarized laser field with various intensities. The system is two-dimensional

In this paper, the spin wave theory is applied to the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the coexistence of two different anisotropies D1 and D2, which are separately the easy-axis single-ion anisotropies for sublattice A and sublattice B of the system. Both the ground-state and low-temperature properties of the system are strongly affected by the competition between these two anisotropies

The identification of influential nodes is one of the most significant and challenging research issues in network science. Many centrality indices have been established starting from topological features of networks. In this work, we propose a novel gravity model based on position and neighborhood (GPN), in which the mass of focal and neighbor nodes is redefined by the extended outspreading capability

In this work, we demonstrate the extraction of some optical soliton solutions of the Chen–Lee–Liu equation (CLLE) with applications in optical fibers. A novel method is presented which is called the new extended direct algebraic method (EDAM). This method is based on converting the nonlinear CLLE equation into an ordinary type equation through a wave transformation. We acquire new solutions like dark

The growing interest in emerging nanotechnologies has led the scientists towards to investigate the interaction of nanoparticles with fluids. Current continuation endeavors the rheological analysis for the Oldroyd-B nanomaterial across periodically accelerated and heated surface. The interesting features of thermophoresis and Brownian motions are presented by following famous Buongiorno nanofluid model

With the development of economy and society, network analysis is widely used in more and more fields. Signed network has a good effect in the process of representation and display. As an important part of network analysis, fuzzy community detection plays an increasingly important role in analyzing and visualizing the real world. Fuzzy community detection helps to detect nodes that belong to some communities

This paper aims to investigate the time-dependent stagnation point flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid subjected to the modified Fourier law. The flow into a vertically stretched cylinder at the stagnation point is discussed. The heat flux model of a non-Fourier is intended for the transfer of thermal energy in fluid flow. The study is carried out on the surface heating source, namely the surface temperature

We show that in the linear response approximation only entropy provides coupling between thermal and electric phenomena. The dissipationless quantum currents — magnetization, superconducting, persistent and topological edge currents — do not produce and transfer entropy and may be excluded from final formulas for thermomagnetic coefficients. The magnetization energy flux, cM×E, in crossed electric