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EXPRESS: Underwater Time-Gated Standoff Raman Sensor for In-Situ Chemical Sensing Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Shiv K. Sharma; Bruce M. Howe; Anupam K Misra; Mark R. Rognstad; Jonh N Porter; Tayro Ernesto Acosta-Maeda; Miles J. Egan
We describe the fabrication of an underwater time-gated standoff Raman sensor, consisting of a custom Raman spectrometer, custom scanner, and commercial diode-pumped pulsed 532-nm laser all located inside pressure housing. The Raman sensor was tested in the laboratory with samples in air, a tank containing tap water and seawater, and in the coastal Hawaiian harbor. We demonstrate our new system by
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EXPRESS: Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Deuterium in Plasma: Application to Total Body Water Determination in Humans and Other Animals Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Leigh Ward
Conventional methods for measuring the concentration of deuterium in body fluids are by either isotope ratio mass spectrometry or Fourier transformed infra-red transmission (FTIR) spectroscopy. The latter method is often preferred as it is less expensive and time consuming; however, having a lower sensitivity means a larger sample volume is required. This study investigated an alternative FTIR spectroscopic
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Resonance Raman Spectra for the In Situ Identification of Bacteria Strains and Their Inactivation Mechanism Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Dinesh Dhankhar; Anushka Nagpal; Runze Li; Jie Chen; Thomas C. Cesario; Peter M. Rentzepis
The resonance Raman spectra of bacterial carotenoids have been employed to identify bacterial strains and their intensity changes as a function of ultraviolet (UV) radiation dose have been used to differentiate between live and dead bacteria. In addition, the resonance-enhanced Raman spectra enabled us to detect bacteria in water at much lower concentrations (∼108 cells/mL) than normally detected spectroscopically
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Infrared Spectroscopy for Online Measurement of Tars, Water, and Permanent Gases in Biomass Gasification Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Mohit Pushp; Christian Brackmann; Kent Davidsson
Online measurements of the raw gas composition, including tars and water, during biomass gasification provide valuable information in fundamental investigations and for process control. Mainly consisting of hydrocarbons, tars can, in principle, be measured using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. However, an instrument subjected to raw gas runs the risk of condensation of tars on optical
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Characterization of Pottery from Teotihuacan Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Hugo Sobral; Mitzi Amador-Mejía; Ciro Márquez-Herrera
Pottery sherds from Teotihuacan, Mexico, belonging to the Formative and Classic periods (150 BCE–700 CE) were investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). LIBS results show that most of the investigated samples have primarily the same elemental composition. Nevertheless, there are also a few sherds that could
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EXPRESS: Application of Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy on Plastics in Cultural Heritage Collections: A Comparative Assessment of Two Portable Mid-Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection Devices Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Eva Mariasole Angelin; Susana França de Sá; Inês Soares; Maria Elvira Callapez; Joana Lia Ferreira; Maria João Melo; Mauro Bacci; Marcello Picollo
Plastics have been increasingly used to create modern and contemporary art and design, and nowadays, museum collections hold numerous objects completely or partially made of plastics. However, the preservation of these materials is still a challenging task in heritage conservation, especially because some plastics show signs of degradation shortly after their production. In addition, different degradation
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EXPRESS: A Piecewise Model for In Situ Raman Measurement of the Chlorinity of Deep-Sea High-Temperature Hydrothermal Fluids Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 meng ge; Lianfu Li; Xin Zhang; Zhendong Luan; Zengfeng Du; shichuan xi; Jun Yan
The chlorinity of deep-sea hydrothermal fluids, representing one of the crucial deep-sea hydrothermal indicators, indicates the degree of deep phase separation of hydrothermal fluids and water/rock reactions. However, accurately measuring the chlorinity of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids is still a significant challenge. In this paper, a piecewise chlorinity model to measure the chlorinity of
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Determination of Spectroscopic Parameters of Ag(I) and Ag(II) Emission Lines Using Time-Independent Extended C-Sigma Method Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Ali Safi; S. Messaoud Aberkane; Asia Botto; Beatrice Campanella; Stefano Legnaioli; Francesco Poggialini; Simona Raneri; Fatemeh Rezaei; Vincenzo Palleschi
The knowledge of the spectroscopic parameters of the elemental emission lines is important for diagnostics of laser-induced plasmas and the application of calibration-free/fundamental parameters analytical methods. In this paper, we used the recently proposed Time-Independent Extended C-Sigma (TIECS) method for determining, for the first time, the transition probabilities and Stark broadening coefficients
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EXPRESS: Device-Independent Discrimination of Falsified Amoxicillin Capsules Using Heterogeneous Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Devices for Training and Testing of a Support Vector Machine Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Yusuke Hattori; Yuka Hoshi; Yasunori Ichimura; Yasuo Sugiura; Makoto Otsuka
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for common screening of falsified medicines in the field by means of a device-independent universal discrimination approach. In order to provide a useful discrimination tool to protect people from low-quality medical products, not only is a low-cost and portable screening device necessary, but a reference
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EXPRESS: Tire Classification by Elemental Signatures Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 John Lucchi; Dan Gluck; Sidney Rials; Larry Tang; Matthieu Baudelet
Tire evidence is a form of trace evidence that is often overlooked in today's forensics, while frequently found at crime or accident scenes, usually in the form of skid marks. The pattern of the tire skid mark has been used before to link a tire or car to a scene, but the widespread use of anti-lock braking systems makes this an almost impossible and abandoned route of analysis. With this is mind,
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EXPRESS: An Improved Method for Determining Transient Fuel Dilution of Oil in an Internal-Combustion Engine Using Laser Induced Fluorescence and Multivariate Least Square Calibration Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 Sneha Neupane; Vicente Boronat; Derek Splitter; William Partridge
An optical diagnostic, based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), has been developed for on-engine measurements of real-time fuel dilution of engine oil, or fuel in oil (FiO). Fuel dilution of oil is broadly relevant to advancing engine technology including durability, calibration, and catalyst-system management, and believed to promote destructive stochastic pre-ignition (SPI) during high-load engine
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EXPRESS: Comparison of Spectroscopic Techniques for Determining the Peroxide Value of 19 Classes of Naturally Aged, Plant-Based Edible Oils Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Joshua M. Ottaway; J. Chance Carter; Kristl L Adams; Joseph Camancho; Barry Lavine; Karl Booksh
The peroxide value (PV) of edible oils is a measure of the degree of oxidation, which directly relates to the freshness of the oil sample. Several studies previously reported in the literature have paired various spectroscopic techniques with multivariate analyses to rapidly determine PVs using field portable and process instrumentation; those efforts presented âbest-caseâ scenarios with oils from
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EXPRESS: Studies of Element Concentration in the Lymphocytes, Erythrocytes, and Plasma of Healthy Human Donors Using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-28 Aldona Kubala-KukuÅ; Dariusz BanaÅ; Janusz Braziewicz; Ilona Stabrawa; StanisÅaw Góźdź
In this article the total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis was used for determination of element concentrations in three isolated peripheral blood components: lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and plasma, collected from 36 healthy donors (15 men and 21 women) from eastern Poland. The studied blood components were isolated from whole peripheral blood using Histopaque-1077 density gradient centrifugation
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EXPRESS: Mid-Infrared Scattering in γ-Al2O3 Catalytic Powders Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Paris Blaisdell-Pijuan; Zhe Chen; Yiteng Zheng; Bruce Koel; Sankaran Sundaresan; Claire Gmachl
The energy efficiency of heterogeneous catalytic processes may be improved by using mid-infrared light to excite gas-phase reactants during the reaction, since vibrational excitation of molecules has been shown to increase their reactivity at the gas-catalyst interface. A primary challenge for such light-enabled catalysis is the need to ensure close coupling between light-excited molecules and the
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EXPRESS: Optical Investigation of Essential Oils by Absorbance and Photoluminescence Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Fernando Aparecido Dias Radomski; Celso de Araujo de Araujo Duarte; Evaldo Ribeiro; Eduardo Lemos de Sá
Essential oils are complex mixtures of organic substances with large commercial importance in the pharmaceutical, food, fragrance, and cosmetic industries due to their organoleptic and biological properties. Also, these materials are also luminescent what has taken several studies about its potential uses for the detection and quality control of essential oils, imaging, and for the investigation of
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EXPRESS: Raman and Fluorescence Profiles Modifications of Muscular and Adipose Tissues Exposed to Low Energy X-ray Beams Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Noemy RODRIGUES Santos; Roseli Künzel; Marcelo Baptista Freitas; Ronaldo Savarino Levenhagen; Ana Paula de Azevedo Marques; Lilia Coronato Courrol
This work aims to investigate changes induced by low energy radiation in adipose and muscular tissues employing autofluorescence and Raman spectroscopic techniques. X-rays beams expositions with 25 and 35 kV at 0.11, 1.1 and 2.1 Gy radiation dose levels were applied. Changes in Raman line intensities at specific bands assigned to collagen, proteins and lipids were observed. Autofluorescent analysis
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EXPRESS: Raman Spectroscopy for Adipose Tissue Assessment in a Rat Model of Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Guadalupe Donjuán-Loredo; Ricardo Espinosa-Tanguma; Maritza Fabiola León Bejarano; Jordi RamÃrez-ElÃas; Roberto Salgado-Delgado; Francisco J. González; Edgar Guevara; Miguel Ghebré RamÃrez ElÃas
The adipose tissue presents structural and functional changes in obesity and type 1 diabetes (T1DM). In obesity, the size and number of adipocytes and the adipokines' secretion increase. In T1DM, a loss of adipose tissue suggests changes in the metabolic activity of this tissue. A significant challenge is to find alternative non-invasive methods to evaluate molecular changes in adipose tissue related
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EXPRESS: Ultraviolet Absorption Cross Sections of NH3 at Elevated Temperatures for Nonintrusive Quantitative Detection of Ammonia in Combustion Environments Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Wubin Weng; Shen Li; Marcus Alden; Zhongshan Li
Ammonia (NH3) is regarded as an important NOx precursor and also as an effective reductant for NOx removal in energy utilization through combustion, and it has recently become an attractive non-carbon alternative fuel. To have a better understanding of thermochemical properties of ammonia, accurate in-situ detection of ammonia in high temperature environments is desirable. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption
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EXPRESS: Wavelength Calibration Uncertainty in Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank Spectra Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Christopher Jones
Algorithms to objectively compare the circular dichroism spectra of biopharmaceuticals, as a measure of consistent higher order structure, and are sensitive to errors in spectropolarimeter wavelength calibration. A public database, the Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank [PCDDB] contains 108 unique calibration spectra of d-camphor-10-sulphonic acid [CSA], mainly collected on synchrotron-based instruments
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EXPRESS: Gas Cell Infrared (IR) and Attenuated Total Reflection IR Spectroscopic Studies for OrganicâInorganic Interactions in Adsorption of Fulvic Acid on the Goethite Surface Generating CO2 Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Yuki Nakaya; Satoru Nakashima; Takahiro Otsuka
Generation of CO2 from Nordic fulvic acid (FA) solution in the presence of goethite (α-FeOOH) were observed in FA-goethite interaction experiments at 25â80 °C. CO2 generation processes observed by gas cell infrared (IR) spectroscopy indicated two steps: the zeroth order slower CO2 generation from FA solution commonly occurring in the heating experiments of the FA in the presence and absence of
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EXPRESS: Unlocking the Secrets of Terminalia Kernels Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Eshetu M. Bobasa; Michael E. Netzel; Ahn Dao Thi Phan; Heather Smyth; Yasmina Sultanbawa; Daniel Cozzolino
In recent years, the native food industry in Australia has increased in both value and volume due to the discovery of a wide range of phytochemicals (e.g. vitamin C, polyphenols) that have potential health benefits. Thus, plant organs and tissues of these native plants are used in a wide range of applications. In particular, the kernel of a native plum, the Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana, Combretaceae)
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EXPRESS: Impact of Imperfect Data on the Performance of Algorithms to Compare Near-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism Spectra Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Christopher Jones
There is growing interest in the use of algorithms to objectively compare near UV spectra of protein biopharmaceuticals in a regulated environment. Such use will require that the methods be validated, with ICH Q2(R1) currently being the key document. A key aspect of such validation is to understand how robust the method is to experimental variation. Noise-free simulated spectra, obtained by fitting
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EXPRESS: Hydration and Ion-Pair Formation of NaNO3(aq): A Vibrational Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theory Study Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Wolfram Rudolph; Dieter Fischer; Gert Irmer
Qualitative and quantitative Raman and infrared (IR) measurements on NaNO3 solutions have been carried out over a wide concentration range (5.56 · 10-6 â 7.946 mol/L) in water and heavy water. The Raman spectra were measured from 4000 cm-1 to low wavenumbers at 45 cm-1. Band fit analysis on the profile of the 1047 cm-1 â band, ν1(a1') NO3- measured at high resolution at 0.85 cm-1 produced a small
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EXPRESS: Burmese Amber Compared Using Micro-Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultraviolet Imaging Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Maya Musa; Thomas G. Kaye; Willy Bieri; Adolf Peretti
The Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) technique coupled with a microscope allows analysis of specimens without any preparation, spatially correlated with the specimenâs morphology. These characteristics make micro-ATR systems very useful for studying gemstones and in particular amber samples. Indeed, in this report the micro-ATR technique was used to characterize three Burmite samples, as case studies
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EXPRESS: Chemometrics and Experimental Design for the Quantification of Nitrate Salts in Nitric Acid: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Absorption Analysis Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Luke Sadergaski; Gretchen K Toney; Laetitia H Delmau; Kristian Myhre
Implementing remote, real-time spectroscopic monitoring of radiochemical processing streams in hot cell environments requires efficiency and simplicity. The success of optical spectroscopy for the quantification of species in chemical systems highly depends on representative training sets and suitable validation sets. Selecting a training set (i.e., calibration standards) to build multivariate regression
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EXPRESS: Inter-Laboratory Application of Raman CO2 Densimeter Equations: Experimental Procedure and Statistical Analysis Using Bootstrapped Confidence Intervals Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Samantha Remigi; Tullio Mancini; Simona Ferrando; Maria Luce Frezzotti
Raman spectroscopy has been used extensively to calculate CO2 fluid density in many geological environments, based on the measurement of the Fermi diad split (Î; cm-1) in the CO2 spectrum. While recent research has allowed the calibration of several Raman CO2 densimeters, there is a limit to the inter-laboratory application of published equations. These calculate two classes of density values for
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EXPRESS: Exploration of Principal Component Analysis: Deriving PCA Visually Using Spectra Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 James Renwick Beattie; Francis Esmonde-White
Spectroscopy rapidly captures a large amount of data that is not directly interpretable. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is widely used to simplify complex spectral datasets into comprehensible information by identifying recurring patterns in the data with minimal loss of information. The linear algebra underpinning PCA is not well understood by many applied analytical scientists and spectroscopists
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EXPRESS: Infrared Spectroscopy of Blood Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Kamila Kochan; Diana E. Bedolla; David Perez-Guaita; John Adegoke; Thulya Chakkumpulakkal Puthan Veettil; Miguela Martin; Supti Roy; Savi Pebotuwa; Philip Heraud; Bayden Wood
The magnitude of infectious diseases in 21st century created an urgent need for point-of-care diagnostics. Critical shortages in reagents and testing kits have had a large impact on the ability to test patients with a suspected parasitic, bacteria, fungal and viral infections. New point-of-care tests need to be highly sensitive, specific, and easy to use and provide results in rapid time. Infrared
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EXPRESS: Systematic Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Isomorphy Between the Arsenate Minerals Roselite, Wendwilsonite, Zincroselite, Brandtite, and Rruffite. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 J. Theo Kloprogge
In nature a wide variety of minerals are known with the general formula X2M(TO4)2·2(H2O) and an important group is formed by minerals with T = As. Most of these occur as minor or trace minerals in environments such as hydrothermal alterations of primary sulfides and arsenides. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman microspectroscopy have been utilized to study the chemistry and crystal structure
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EXPRESS: Monitoring the Refractive Index of Tissue Models Using Light Scattering Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Michelle Bailey; Benjamin Gardner; Martina Alunni-Cardinali; Silvia Caponi; Daniele Fioretto; Nicholas Stone; Francesca Palombo
In this work, we report the application of Raman microspectroscopy for analysis of the refractive index of a range of tissue phantoms. Using both a custom-developed setup with visible laser source and a commercial micro-spectrometer with near infrared laser, we measured the Raman spectra of gelatin hydrogels at various concentrations. By building a calibration curve from measured refractometry data
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EXPRESS: Upconversion Fluorescence in Naturally Occurring Calcium Fluoride Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Jillian Elizabeth Moffatt; Thomas Bede Payten; Georgios Tsiminis; Thomas Jacob de Prinse; Lewis da Silva Teixeira; Elizaveta Klantsataya; David Ottaway; Barnaby Whitmore Smith; Nigel Antony Spooner
Fluorine can negatively interfere with leach and smelting processes during mineral processing1,2. Real-time knowledge of the concentration and mineral hosts of fluorine in a mineral processing ore stream is important to protect process line equipment and product. Currently only offline methods of detection are available. Online sensors that determine specific fluorine-bearing mineral concentration
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EXPRESS: Intermolecular Interactions in the Polymer Blends Under High-Pressure CO2 Studied Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis and Two-Dimensional Disrelation Mapping Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Huiqiang Lu; Hideyuki Shinzawa; Sergei G Kazarian
Exposing polymers to high-pressure and supercritical CO2 is a useful approach in polymer processing. Consequently, the mechanisms of polymer-polymer interaction under such conditions are worthy of further investigation. Two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis and 2D disrelation mapping were applied to datasets of PCL(Polycaprolactone)/PLA (Poly(lactic acid)) blend with or without high-pressure CO2
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EXPRESS: Augmented Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy for the Joint Analysis of Correlated Changes in Spectroscopic and Disparate Sources Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 H. G. Schulze; Shreyas Rangan; Martha Vardaki; Diepiriye Iworima; Timothy Kieffer; Michael Blades; Robin Turner; James M. Piret
Here we present an augmented form of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS), that integrates in a single format data from spectroscopic and multiple non-spectroscopic sources for analysis. The integration is effected by augmenting every spectrum in a hyperspectral data set with relevant non-spectroscopic data to permit two-dimensional correlation analysis of the ensemble of augmented spectra
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EXPRESS: Prediction of α-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin Composition of Aqueous Whey Solutions Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Margherita Tonolini; Klavs Martin Sørensen; Peter Bæk Skou; Colin Ray; Søren Balling Engelsen
Characterization and quantification of individual whey proteins is crucial in many industrial dairy processes. With labor-intensive wet-chemical methods still being used as reference, a rapid quantification method for individual whey proteins is yet to be established. In this work Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy were investigated
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EXPRESS: Spectroscopic and Spectrometric Approaches for Assessing the Composition of Embedded Metals in Tissues Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Diane Smith; Todor Todorov; Adrian Defante; Jessica Hoffman; John Kalinich; Jose Centeno
Many medical devices contain metals that interface with the body. Additionally, embedded metal fragments from military wounds are typically not removed, to avoid the risk of morbidity associated with invasive surgery. The long-term health consequences of many of these materials are not thoroughly understood. To this end, we have exposed rats for up to one year to implanted single-element metal pellets
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Removal of Etalon Features in the Far-Infrared–Terahertz Transmittance Spectra of Thin Polymer Films Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Ulrich Schade; Dawei Cao; Ljiljana Puskar; Eglof Ritter; Jörg Beckmann
Etalon features in infrared spectra of stratified samples, their influence on the interpretation, and methods to circumvent their presence in infrared spectra have been in discussion for decades. This paper focuses on the application of a method originally developed to remove interference fringes in the mid-infrared spectra for far-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy on thin polymer films. We show
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EXPRESS: Baseline Correction Based on a Search Algorithm from Artificial Intelligence Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Xin Wang; Xia Chen
Many spectra have a polynomial-like baseline. Iterative polynomial fitting (IPF) is one of the most popular methods for baseline correction of these spectra. However, the baseline estimated by IPF may have substantially error when the spectrum contains significantly strong peaks or have strong peaks located at the endpoints. First, IPF uses temporary baseline estimated from the current spectrum to
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EXPRESS: Interband Cascade Laser Arrays for Simultaneous and Selective Analysis of C1-C5 Hydrocarbons in the Petrochemical Industry Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Julian Scheuermann; Pawel Kluczynski; Krzysztof Siembab; Mateusz Straszewski; Jakub Kaczmarek; Robert Weih; Marc Fischer; Johannes Koeth; Anne Schade; Sven Höfling
The detection and measurement of hydrocarbons is of high interest for a variety of applications, for example within the oil & gas industry from extraction throughout the complete refining process, as well as for environmental monitoring and for portable safety devices. This paper presents a highly sensitive, selective and robust tunable laser analyzer that has the capability to analyze several components
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EXPRESS: A Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Method for Detecting Tetracycline in Milk Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Zichen Yang; Chaoqun Ma; Jiao Gu; Yamin Wu; Chun Zhu; Lei Li; Hui Gao; Ye Zhang; Yunpeng Shang; Chengwei Wang; Guoqing Chen
Tetracycline, an animal antibiotic, may remain in milk to cause harm to human health. For economic reasons, the abuse of antibiotics is becoming more and more common. Therefore, the abuse of tetracycline has alarmed the dairy industry and many countries such as New Zealand, China and USA have proposed strict standards. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) is an emerging detection method which has
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Corrigendum Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-05
The full cross-referenced details for the following companion papers appearing in the August 74[08] 2020 issue of Applied Spectroscopy were inadvertently omitted. The full reference details should instead be:
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Corrigendum Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-05
The full cross-referenced details for the following companion papers appearing in the August 74[08] 2020 issue of Applied Spectroscopy were inadvertently omitted. The full reference details should instead be:
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EXPRESS: Comparison of Spectroscopic Techniques for Determining the Peroxide Value of 19 Classes of Naturally Aged, Plant-Based Edible Oils Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Joshua M. Ottaway; J. Chance Carter; Kristl L Adams; Joseph Camancho; Barry Lavine; Karl Booksh
The peroxide value (PV) of edible oils is a measure of the degree of oxidation, which directly relates to the freshness of the oil sample. Several studies previously reported in the literature have paired various spectroscopic techniques with multivariate analyses to rapidly determine PVs using field portable and process instrumentation; those efforts presented âbest-caseâ scenarios with oils from
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Corrigendum Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-29
The full color version of Table I accompanying the paper entitled, “Reporting Guidelines to Increase the Reproducibility and Comparability of Research on Microplastics”, by Win Cowger, Andy M. Booth, Bonnie M. Hamilton, Clara Thaysen, Sebastian Primpke, Keenan Munno, Amy L. Lusher, Alexandre Dehaut, Vitor P. Vaz, Max Liboiron, Lisa I. Devriese, Ludovic Hermabessiere, Chelsea Rochman, Samantha N. Athey
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EXPRESS: Thermal Camera-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Thermospectroscopic Imager Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Stephane Chevalier; Jean-Noël Tourvieille; Alain Sommier; Jean-Christophe Batsale; Bruno Beccard; Christophe Pradère
In this technical note, we present an advanced thermospectroscopic imager based on a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and a thermal camera. This new instrument can image both thermal emission and multispectral absorbance fields in a few seconds at a resolution of 4 cm-1 or less. The setup is made of a commercial FTIR spectrometer (Thermofisher Nicolet iS50R) synchronized to an IR camera
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EXPRESS: Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Three-Dimensional Contour Imaging of an Aluminum Alloy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Amal Khedr; Mahmoud S Ashour; Mohamed Abdel Harith
In the present work, nanoparticles-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (N.E.L.I.B.S.) has been used to analyze aluminum alloy. Though LIBS has numerous advantages, it suffers from low sensitivity and low detection limits compared to other spectrochemical analytical methods. However, using gold nanoparticles helps to overcome such drawbacks and enhances the LIBS sensitivity in analyzing aluminum
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EXPRESS: Real-Time Measurement of SO2, H2S, and CS2 Mixed Gases Using Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and a Least Squares Algorithm Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Zhaolun Cui; Xiaoxing Zhang; Dachang Chen; Yi Li; Yufei Wang; Yin Zhang; Hao Wang
SO2, CS2 and H2S are important decomposition products of insulating gas SF6, and their types and contents are of great significance for the fault diagnosis of SF6 insulated equipment. In this paper, a method of combining ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and least squares fitting is proposed for the quantitative calculation of SO2, CS2 and H2S mixed gases. All three gases have absorption peaks in
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EXPRESS: Salivary Raman Spectroscopy: Standardization of Sampling Protocols and Stratification of Healthy and Oral Cancer Subjects Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Arti Hole; gunjan Tyagi; Atul Deshmukh; Raviraj Deshpande; Vikram Gota; Pankaj Chaturvedi; Chilakapati Murali Krishna
Minimally invasive cancer detection using bio-fluids is been actively pursued due to practical limitations of, though, better suited noninvasive and online in vivo methods. Saliva is one such clinically informative bio-fluid that offers advantage of easy and multiple sample collection. Despite its potential in cancer diagnostics, saliva analysis is challenging due to its heterogeneous composition.
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EXPRESS: Inline Raman Spectroscopy and Indirect Hard Modeling for Concentration Monitoring of Dissociated Acid Species Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Alexander Walter Wilhelm Echtermeyer; Caroline Marks; Alexander Mitsos; Joern Viell
We propose an approach for monitoring the concentration of dissociated carboxylic acid species in dilute aqueous solution. The dissociated acid species are quantified employing inline Raman spectroscopy in combination with Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) and Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR). We introduce two different titration-based Hard Model (HM) calibration procedures for a single mono- or polyprotic
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EXPRESS: Atomic and Molecular Species Post-2 μs Dynamics in Laser-Induced Carbon Plasmas in Air Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Houssyen Yousfi; Samira Abdelli-Messaci; Ourida Ouamerali; Azzedine Dekhira
Laser-induced carbon plasma in air undergoes various physicochemical processes that affect the kinetic chemistry of species of the plasma plume. We report the time- and space- resolved characterization of carbon plasma produced by infrared nanosecond laser into air at atmospheric pressure. Investigating the laser fluence effect highlights dissociation for fluences > 40 J cm-2, and recombination processes
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EXPRESS: Intensity Enhancement of a Two-Dimensional Asynchronous Spectrum without Noise Level Fluctuation Escalation Using a One-Dimensional Spectra Sequence Change Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Kaili Li; Fengshan Zhou; Anqi He; Ran Guo; Xiaopei Li; Yizhuang Xu; Isao Noda; Yukihiro Ozaki; Jin-Guang Wu
Previously, we demonstrated that the intensities of cross peaks in a two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum could be enhanced via a change of the sequence of the corresponding 1D spectra. This unusual approach becomes useful when the determination of the sequential order of physicochemical events is not essential. However, we have not known whether the level of noise in the 2D asynchronous spectrum
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EXPRESS: Acquisition and Analysis of Hyperspectral Thermal Images for Sample Segregation Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Anders Løchte Jørgensen; Jakob Kjelstrup-Hansen; Bjarke Jensen; Victor Petrunin; Sune Fuglsang Fink; Bjarke Jorgensen
This study presents the first results of a new type of hyperspectral imager in the longwave thermal radiation range from 8.0-14.0 µm which is simpler than readily available Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) based imagers. Conventional thermography images the thermal radiation from hot objects, but an accurate determination of temperature is hampered by the often unknown emissivities of
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EXPRESS: New Data Analysis Method for Time-Resolved Infrared Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Kacper Grodecki; Murawski Murawski
In this article a new data treatment based on time resolved photoluminescence are presented. It works as a Streak Camera for infrared. A Time resolved photoluminescence spectrum for the HgCd0.33Te0.67 sample at 120 K was performed and analyzed. Typical time resolved photoluminescence measurements, to compare our results with literature were conducted. An interpretation of the behavior for three different
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EXPRESS: Chemometric Approach to a Rapid Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Complex Heroin-Based Mixtures Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 NataÅ¡a RadosavljeviÄ StevanoviÄ; Milena JovanoviÄ; Federico Marini; Slavica RažiÄ
Heroin is one of the most frequently seized drugs in the South-Eastern Europe. Due to the position in the Balkan route, the Republic of Serbia keeps important role in suppression of the trafficking of heroin for domestic and foreign illegal market. This research is aimed to provide a good scientific approach in the field of seized heroin analysis. Two different forms of heroin are present in the illegal
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EXPRESS: Apparatus for High-Precision Angle-Resolved Reflection Spectroscopy in the Mid-Infrared Region. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Takashi Kuroda,Siti Chalimah,Yuanzhao Yao,Naoki Ikeda,Yoshimasa Sugimoto,Kazuaki Sakoda
Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy is a versatile technique for studying the infrared (IR) optical response of solid-, liquid-, and gas-phase samples. In standard Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers, a light beam passing through a Michelson interferometer is focused onto a sample with condenser optics. This design enables us to examine relatively small samples, but the large solid angle
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EXPRESS: Characteristic of Five Subpopulation Leukocytes in Single-Cell Levels Based on Partial Principal Component Analysis Coupled with Raman Spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Wenxue Li,Liu Wang,Chuan Luo,Zhiqiang Zhu,Jianlong Ji,Lin Pang,Qing Huang
Characteristics of five subpopulation leukocytes in single-cell levels based on partial principal component analysis coupled with Raman spectroscopy were proposed to recognize the biochemical features of five subpopulation leukocytes. Using wavelet transform, the reconstructed spectra of the low-frequency wavelet coefficients were used to perform multiple principal component analysis based on segmented
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Grating Spectrometry and Spatial Heterodyne Fourier Transform Spectrometry: Comparative Noise Analysis for Raman Measurements Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Luca Ciaffoni; Pavel Matousek; William Parker; Elin A. McCormack; Hugh Mortimer
The desire for portable Raman spectrometers is continuously driving the development of novel spectrometer architectures where miniaturisation can be achieved without the penalty of a poorer detection performance. Spatial heterodyne spectrometers are emerging as potential candidates for challenging the dominance of traditional grating spectrometers, thanks to their larger etendue and greater potential
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EXPRESS: Use of Near-InfraredâMid-Infrared Dual-Wavelength Spectrometry to Obtain Two-Dimensional Difference Spectra of Sesame Oil as Inactive Drug Ingredient Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Masahiro Watari; Akifumi Nagatomo; Takuma Genkawa; Shigeaki Morita
The present study has investigated the transformation of sesame oil kept at low temperature during a definite period of time for refinement (called winterization) as an inactive drug ingredient by using two-dimensional difference spectra (2D-DS) analysis of spectra collected by a near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) dual-wavelength spectrometer (NIR/MIR-DWS). The NIR and MIR spectra were measured
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Analysis of Natural Gas Using a Portable Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Coupled Raman Spectrometer Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 Maksim N. Khannanov; Alexander B. Van'kov; Andrei A. Novikov; Anton P. Semenov; Pavel A. Gushchin; Sergei I. Gubarev; Vadim E. Kirpichev; Elena N. Morozova; Leonid V. Kulik; Igor V. Kukushkin
The low accessibility of natural gas fields and transporting pipelines requires portable online analyzers of the composition of natural gas, ensuring nearly chromatographic precision and capable of in situ analysis of a wide range of gases, including infrared-inactive ones (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine). We have developed an express method of gas analysis meeting all the requirements for analysis
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The Identification of Multiple Crystalline Zinc Soap Structures Using Infrared Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 Joen Hermans; Kate Helwig
The formation of crystalline zinc soaps (zinc salts of fatty acids) in oil paint layers is a common sign of paint degradation. In this study, we have used infrared spectroscopy to systematically identify differences in structure and composition of crystalline zinc soap phases, and report data analysis methods for structure attribution in challenging oil paint samples. Supported by reported crystal
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Identifying Thermal Decomposition Products of Nitrate Ester Explosives Using Gas Chromatography–Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy: An Experimental and Computational Study Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 2.087) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Courtney A. Cruse; Jingzhi Pu; John V. Goodpaster
Analysis of nitrate ester explosives (e.g., nitroglycerine) using gas chromatography–vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC–VUV) results in their thermal decomposition into nitric oxide, water, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and formaldehyde. These decomposition products exhibit highly structured spectra in the VUV that is not seen in larger molecules. Computational analysis using time-dependent density functional
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