Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been developing rapidly since they were discovered, and their excellent photoelectric properties have attracted wide attention from researchers. The compact layer is an important part of PSCs, which can transport electrons and block holes. SnO2 is an excellent and commonly used electron transport layer (ETL) material, and doping modification is an effective way to

In this research, a whale-optimized fuzzy PID controller was developed to manage automatic generation control in multiple-area electrical energy systems with an availability-based tariff (ABT) pricing scheme. The objective of this work is to minimize the power production costs, area control errors (ACEs), and marginal costs of the multiple-area electrical energy system with real-time load and frequency

The energy sector of today’s Rwanda has made a remarkable growth to some extent in recent years. Although Rwanda has natural energy resources (e.g., hydro, solar, and methane gas, etc.), the country currently has an installed electricity generation capacity of only 226.7 MW from its 45 power plants for a population of about 13 million in 2021. The current national rate of electrification in Rwanda

The hybridization of a renewable energy generator with an existing system in a specific building plays a vital role in solving many important problems of electrical energy systems such as reliability, cost-effective, and ecological option. In this perspective, a modified energy system is proposed in an existing building with integrated renewable energy using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA).

Thin films of indium zinc oxide (IZO) were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with varying plasma power (from 100 W to 300 W) using the radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique and electroluminescence (EL) devices. The IZO films that were obtained from this process were treated with oxygen plasma powers using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system

This paper develops and discusses an improved MPPT approach for temperature variation with fast-tracking speed and reduced steady-state oscillation. This MPPT approach can be added to numerous existing MPPT algorithms in order to enhance their tracking accuracy and response time and to reduce the power loss. The improved MPPT method is fast and accurate to follow the maximum power point under critical

Hydrogen is a clean and environmentally friendly energy vector that can play an important role in meeting the world’s future energy needs. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the potential for hydrogen production from solar energy could greatly facilitate the transition to a hydrogen economy. Because by knowing the exact amount of potential for solar hydrogen production, the cost-effectiveness of its

In most developed and developing nations, nearly 40% of the energy generated is utilized in the building sector, in which nearly 50% of the energy is consumed by building cooling/heating systems. However, the energy requirement for building cooling/heating varies continuously with respect to time. Hence, in hot countries, if the cooling system is integrated with a storage system, the cooling system

Heat pipe solar collectors (HPSCs) are heat exchangers that carry heat based on the phase change of the heat pipe working fluid. It is aimed to increase the operating temperature range of solar collectors by changing the phase of the working fluid in the heat pipe at low temperature. For this reason, it has become widespread to use nanofluids obtained by mixing nanosized metal oxides with the base

Although PV systems are one of the most widely used alternatives as a renewable energy source due to their well-known advantages, there are significant challenges to address related to voltage fluctuations and reverse power flow caused by high PV penetration scenarios. As a potential solution to this problem, an active power management strategy is proposed in this work using a residential cluster as

Solar PV research in East Africa has concentrated on solar home systems (SHS) in each country. However, several other fundamental advances in the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry have emerged, and the developments have seen the sector experienced significant growth and diversification of models, regulation, and financing. This paper begins with an extensive narrative on the solar PV outlook of each

To get the maximum power point (MPP), the algorithms developed in the literature fail for the most part when the atmospheric conditions vary rapidly. This paper presents the optimization by the swarm particles (PSO) of a sliding mode controller (SMC) to optimize photovoltaic systems (PV) evolving under the conditions of a rapid variation of the sunshine. The stochastic PSO algorithm is used in particular

Lung transplantation is one of the most difficult and delicate procedures among organ transplants. For the success of the procedure and survival of the new organ, the sterilization step for acellular lungs prior to recellularization is important to ensure that they are free of any risk of transmitting infections from the donor to the recipient subject. However, there are no available information concerning

Conventional means of electrical energy generation are costly, create environmental pollution, and demand a high level of maintenance and also going to end one day. This has made it crucial to exploit the untapped prospective of the environmentally friendly renewable energy resources. To address this problem, present research proposed an efficient, everlasting, and environment-friendly grid-connected

This research contributes to making residential buildings more efficient in the city of Azraq, Jordan, which is located in a warm climate zone in the Saharan Mediterranean region (classified as a hot desert climate according to the Köppen climate classification). It involved the optimisation of several envelope parameters with the aim of reducing the usage of energy within a normal structure occupying

Effective cooling of blades with a nominal pressure drop is essential for performance augmentation and thermal management of gas turbines. Hence, present work is aimed at determining the heat transfer enhancement and friction for W- and V-shaped ribs inside a rectangular cooling channel having hydraulic diameter () of 0.048 m and aspect ratio () 1 : 4. Ribs are fixed facing downstream with angle of

Geometric parameters in solar chimney power plants are numerically optimised for the purpose of better power output figures. Several parameters have been investigated in the pilot plant such as chimney height and diameter, collector diameter and slope, and slenderness. However, ground slope has not been studied to date despite its perspicuous impact on turbulent flow. In this study, the impacts of

Solar energy is directly converted into electrical energy by using photovoltaic (PV) panels. The efficiency of PV panel varies with its orientation and tilt angle with the horizontal plane. In this paper, we investigate the optimum tilt angle of solar panels installed at Sukkur IBA University. The optimum angle for tilted surfaces varying from 0° to 90° in steps of 1° was calculated for the values

The imminent depletion of conventional energy sources has motivated the advancement of renewable energy technologies. Third-generation photovoltaic technologies, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), are being developed as alternatives to silicon solar cells. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the market development

In the present work, two artificial intelligence-based models were proposed to determine the output power of two types of photovoltaic cells including multicrystalline (multi-) and monocrystalline (mono-). Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and Least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) are applied for the output power calculations. The estimation results are very close to the actual data

The solar energy is increasingly used as a renewable energy source. Raising the efficiency of energy conversion from solar to useful energy (electric and thermal) represents an important research direction in the renewable energy domain. Using hybrid systems for electric and thermal energy cogeneration can be a solution. In this study, a hybrid system (HS) is designed, manufactured, implemented, and

One of the biggest challenges is towards ensuring large-scale integration of photovoltaic systems into buildings. This work is aimed at presenting a building integrated photovoltaic system power prediction concerning the building’s various orientations based on the machine learning data science tools. The proposed prediction methodology comprises a data quality stage, machine learning algorithm, weather

Parabolic dish solar collectors gain higher solar to thermal conversion efficiency due to their maximum concentration ratio. The present research focuses by integrating the parabolic dish solar collector to the steam cycle producing power and rate of process heating. Pressurized water, therminol VP1, and supercritical carbon dioxide are the examined working fluids in the parabolic dish solar collector

A transition to solar energy systems is considered one of the most important alternatives to conventional fossil fuels. Until recently, solar air heaters (SAHs) were among the other solar energy systems that have been widely used in various households and industrial applications. However, the recent literature reveals that efficiencies of SAHs are still low. Some metaheuristic algorithms have been

Interfacial oxide layer plays a crucial role in a MoOx/-Si heterojunction (MSHJ) solar cell; however, the nature of this interfacial layer is not yet clarified. In this study, based on the experimental results, we theoretically analyzed the role of the interfacial oxide layer in the charge carrier transport of the MSHJ device. The interfacial oxide layer is regarded as two layers: a quasi -type semiconductor

Natural gas as a clean energy, its extensive use can alleviate energy crisis and environmental pollution and other problems. The storage and transportation of natural gas are of great significance to the standard use of natural gas. Suqiao gas storage reservoir is responsible for seasonal peak adjustment and emergency gas supply in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the corrosion of tubular goods

The disposal of used photovoltaic panels is increasing day by day around the world. Therefore, an efficient method for recycling disposed photovoltaic panel is required to decrease environmental pollution. This work is aimed at efficiently recovering pure silicon and other materials such as aluminium, silver, and lead from disposed solar cells using chemical treatments. Earlier, the pure silicon was

Peripheral muscle fatigue is a common experience in daily life. Every individual at some point in their life has realized the inability to maintain muscle contraction, a phenomenon known as fatigue. Interestingly, neurological patients with peripheral sequelae such as spastic muscle contraction are able to remain in a pattern of muscle contraction for prolonged periods. The effects of laser therapy

In earlier studies, we have shown theoretically and experimentally that magnetic fields (MFs) have negative impact on silicon PV module (photovoltaic module). A noticeable decline in photocurrent with a slight increase in photovoltage was observed. Also, how those fields affected other key module’s parameters was also studied. These studies concluded that an increase in the magnitude of the MF resulted

Water-energy nexus is a crucial and challenging concern that addressing it is noteworthy for the future of human beings. In addition, freshwater production is a highly energy-intensive procedure. Therefore, developing a suitable solution for this problem is of importance. In the present scenario, solar energy is one of the suitable options for desalination because solar energy is available at a low

In building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solar energy projects, cost effectiveness, durability, and long-term reliability are among the criteria that should be taken into consideration as well as the gain in electricity generation efficiency. Also, in a study, it is stated that a dual-axis solar tracking system occupies approximately 100% more space than a single-axis system and 160% more than a

Organometal halides are promising materials for photovoltaic applications, offering tunable electronic levels, excellent charge transport, and simplicity of thin-film device fabrication. Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have emerged as promising candidates over three-dimensional (3D) ones due to their interesting optical and electrical properties. However, maximizing the power conversion efficiency

In this research, a novel design and operation of solar-based charging system for battery vehicle for a 50 km run is proposed. The proposal is aimed at replacing 110 existing diesel vehicles with 39 electric buses. Several operation scenarios for the charging stations are proposed and analyzed. Scenarios include two different battery charging methodologies and one hybrid option between electric buses

The solar tracker is a mechanism that helps the photovoltaic panel to maximize its performance, while keeping it oriented towards direct solar radiation. In order to specify tracking, most solar trackers use two axes, one horizontal and the other vertical, which implies an increase of the consumed energy and a decrease in precision, since we have to make both motors operate simultaneously. This paper

Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) can be utilized to cover a portion or meet the whole space and water heat demands in residential and commercial buildings. With the scarcity of fuel resources, scientists have become aware of the importance of the utilization of thermal energy. An STES system can be charged using solar collectors to heat a storage medium when solar radiation is available. Solar

This report demonstrates nontoxic colloidal nitrate route CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) synthesis at room temperature, along with their band grading due to incorporation of Ge as cost of Sn (3%). The parent CZTS, CZGTS (Cu2ZnGeSnS4), and their polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent containing solutions doctor blade-coated thin film structural and optical properties are discussed. Their sulfurized

Textured transparent conductive electrodes for thin-film solar cells have been considered as an effective route for enhancing sunlight harvest due to light trapping. Here, we report a self-assembling electrochemical approach for preparing Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) as light-trapping electrodes from a mixed aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and aluminium nitrate. The mechanism and optimized process

Photovoltaic devices based on amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction interfaces hold the highest efficiency as of date in the class of silicon-based devices with efficiencies exceeding 26% and are regarded as a promising technology for large-scale terrestrial PV applications. The detailed understanding behind the operation of this type of device is crucial to improving and

This paper presents the design and development of a fuzzy peak current controlled (FPCC) single-stage single-phase nonisolated AC/DC high-power factor LED drive. The proposed controller includes a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in the loop voltage and a peak current controller in the loop current for an integrated nonisolated LED driver to attain a high-power factor (PF). The proposed control avoids

The electricity distribution network in Ethiopia has the radial nature of network configuration. The interruption of power is due to overloading and failure of distribution lines due to external forces, like trees, animals, and wind. The failure of the radial distribution network brings blackout in the whole power system network as there is no alternative electricity supply. The renewable energy potential

Researches in many laboratories on solar still desalination are concerned with increasing efficiency using only solar energy. One of the techniques is the difference in the thickness of the glass cover of the distiller. In order to see the influence of this parameter on efficiency, three similar stills with three different glass coverings were investigated. The flow of heat goes through the cover,

This paper is aimed at harvesting the photovoltaic systems extracting power under difficult irradiance and load conditions, by proposing a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This proposed MPPT tactic has been examined under various climatic and load conditions using two powerful and accurate simulation environments for PV systems, MATLAB/Simulink and Proteus. The first implementation using

The 7075 aluminum alloy was an important structural material in the field of aeronautics and astronautics. With the development of this field, the requirements for its comprehensive properties were increasing. A novel casting method, the impact jet solid-liquid compound casting, was adopted to fabricate the 3A21/7075 aluminum alloy cladding material. Retrogression and reaging (RRA) treatment was further

Accurate state of charge (SOC) is great significant for lithium-ion battery to maximize its performance and prevent it from overcharging or overdischarging. This paper presents an ensemble Kalman filter- (EnKF-) based SOC estimation algorithm for lithium-ion battery. Firstly, the lithium-ion battery is modeled by the first-order RC equivalent circuit, and the multi-innovation least square (MILS) algorithm

This paper reported the experimental testing of a triangular and conventional basin solar still (TBSS and CBSS). Solar basin and absorber are made of glass and a polyethylene cover, respectively, with an area of 0.25 m2. Square and triangular absorber with the same area of 0.25 m2 with square and triangular glass cover for condensation was fixed. Experimentations were conducted during the month of

The Al/Al2O3 composite deuterium barrier was deposited on the polished side of 316 L stainless steel by the method of radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The influence of the introduction of Al transition layer on the deuterium resistance performance of Al2O3 ceramic coating was studied. The field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), the grazing incident X-ray diffraction technique (GIXRD)

The largest amount of energy in buildings is consumed to provide heating, cooling, and ventilation. Therefore, a practical solution such as using renewable energy sources can be considered to reduce energy costs and pollutants. In addition, architecture principles must be varied to utilize passive solar energy and also to reduce energy losses. In this research, a numerical study is presented to investigate

In view of the surface engineering application of electrical contact materials, SiC ceramic particles were introduced into copper matrix composites by the hot-press sintering method for the sake of enhancing the service life of copper matrix electrical contact materials. Magnetron sputtering technology was exploited to form the continuous copper film on the β-SiC powders in order to improve interface

On the basis of a five-parameter photovoltaic (PV) mathematical model, a multipeak output model of a PV array under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is obtained by MATLAB simulation. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the model can simulate the performance curves of the PV array under the PSCs. Optimized particle swarm optimization (OPSO) is used to control the multipeak output model

In this paper, graphite and Fe2O3 are introduced into MgH2 powder by the method of hydrogenation after magnetic grinding. Hydrogen storage materials which composite of MgH2–5 wt.% C and MgH2–5 wt.% C–5 wt.% Fe2O3 are successfully prepared. The physical structure of these materials was analyzed and characterized by XRD, SEM, etc. Furthermore, the influence of graphite and Fe2O3 on the hydrolysis of

A deuterium permeation barrier is an essential part in the core component of nuclear reactors. It can protect the structure made of steel from being penetrated by deuterium in a fusion reactor. However, residual stress induced in the operation would dramatically influence the mechanical endurance of the coating, threatening the safety of the facilities. In this paper, finite element analysis was conducted

Metal oxide nanoparticles prepared by biological route using green plant parts as a template are eco-friendly as well as yield good results than the conventional methods. This present study focusses on biosynthesis and characterization of TiO2 NPs using root extract of Kniphofia schemperi for dye-sensitized solar cells. TiO2 NPs were synthesized using 0.25 M titanium tetra butoxide in the presence

In this work, an optimization of the InGaP/GaAs dual-junction (DJ) solar cell performance is presented. Firstly, a design for the DJ solar cell based on the GaAs tunnel diode is provided. Secondly, the used device simulator is calibrated with recent experimental results of an InGaP/GaAs DJ solar cell. After that, the optimization of the DJ solar cell performance is carried out for two different materials

To assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), literature on this topic from Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were obtained and analyzed. The response and recurrence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the DerSimonia–Laird method. The pooled complete response (CR) rate from the included studies was 0.799 (95% CI: 0.708–0.867)

In an attempt to meet the global demand, renewable energy systems (RES) have gained an interest in it due to the availability of the resources, especially solar photovoltaic system that has been an importance since many years because of per watt cost reduction, improvement in efficiency, and abundant availability. Photovoltaic system in remote and rural areas is very useful where a grid supply is unavailable

Evaluating the quality of river water is a critical process due to pollution and variations of natural or anthropogenic origin. For the Soan River (Pakistan), seven sampling sites were selected in the urban area of Rawalpindi/Islamabad, and 18 major chemical parameters were examined over two seasons, i.e., premonsoon and postmonsoon 2019. Multivariate statistical approaches such as the Spearman correlation

The arrival of new technologies has increased the energy demand day by day and does not seem to slow down at any time soon. High energy demand is adding risk on energy depletion and cause of various environmental issues. Air conditioner, chiller, and refrigerator occupy a considerable amount of the world’s total energy usage and have also proved to be a massive contributor to various environmental

In order to solve the problem that the influence of light intensity on solar cells is easily affected by the complexity of photovoltaic cell parameters in the past, it is proposed based on the influence of light intensity on the power generation performance of solar cells. By analyzing the electrical performance parameters of photovoltaic cell trough solar energy and determining the influencing factors

A unique structural transformation of a lepidocrocite-type layered titanate, K0.8Ti1.73Li0.27O4, into a rutile-type TiO2 has recently been realized via dilute HCl treatment and subsequent drying at room temperature for producing rutile-nanoparticle-decorated protonated layered titanate exhibiting highly efficient photocatalytic activity. Herein, the authors report synthesis of a lepidocrocite-type

In this paper, the dynamic mechanical properties of GH4720Li nickel-base alloy under a large temperature range and high and low strain rates were studied by the hot compression test. The difference of mechanical properties of GH4720Li alloy under high and low strain rates was analyzed from the perspective of microstructure. The hot compression test experimental results showed that the true stress of