In this paper, an enhanced polarization-independent two-layer five-port grating with covering layer is proposed. The rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is used to predict grating parameters. In addition, the total efficiency of the polarization-independent five-port grating with covering layer can exceed 80% with the good uniformity of 1.97% for TE and TM polarization. The inherent coupling mechanism

Generating and manipulating valley polarization in a controlled method is significant. The inherently broken centrosymmetry of the buckled honeycomb structures gives it both ferroelectricity and valley degree of freedom, which provides an opportunity to realize electrically controlled valley polarization. In the first step, we explored the origin of buckling. The hexagonal structure is polar due to

In this paper, we study a coupled system of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and the Maxwell–Bloch (MB) equation with nonzero boundary conditions by Riemann–Hilbert (RH) method. We obtain the formulae of the simple-pole and the multi-pole solutions via a matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP). The explicit form of the soliton solutions for the NLS-MB equations is obtained. The soliton interaction

In this paper, based on the Hirota bilinear method, the high-order breathers and interaction solutions between solitons and breathers of the (2+1)-dimensional Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation are investigated. The lump and semi-rational solutions are obtained by applying the long wave limit of the N-soliton solution. Two types of semi-rational solutions are derived by choosing specific parameters, which

Biological neurons can be approached by using some functional neural circuits, and the biophysical mechanism for signal processing can be explained. Chemical stimulus can adjust the intracellular and extracellular ions concentration, and thus the channel current can be regulated to trigger appropriate firing modes in the neural activities. A physical stimulus often injects kinds of energy, and the

The structure and processes of mass, charge and heat transfer are investigated in an equiatomic Fe–Ni composite fabricated by electroconsolidation using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The system contains regions of almost pure Fe and Ni, separated by areas with variable concentration of components, formed in consequence of the interdiffusion in the electroconsolidation process. The interdiffusion

The oil-immersed transformer is a crucial piece of equipment in the power system. Operating at the specified temperature is necessary to ensure the normal operation of the transformer. The insulation paper on the winding surface has a significant impact on the actual temperature of the transformers, which is often overlooked by researchers. The one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction model of

Compositions of 0.2In2O3+0.8Ga2O3 and 0.4In2O3+0.6Ga2O3 were mixed and sintered at 1250∘C to fabricate In0.4Ga1.6O3 and In0.8Ga1.2O3 targets, and RF sputtering method was used to deposit In0.4Ga1.6O3 and In0.8Ga1.2O3 films by introducing pure Argon during the deposition process. After In0.4Ga1.6O3 and In0.8Ga1.2O3 films were deposited, we used the X-ray diffraction pattern to analyze their crystalline

The impulsive synchronization of coupled neural networks with input saturation and the term of reaction–diffusion via a hybrid control strategy is investigated. In this paper, a hybrid controller is proposed, including impulsive controller with input saturation and intermittent controller. This type of hybrid controller can not only solve the periodic and aperiodic intermittent control, lower the update

In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) had been prepared by co-precipitation method. In order to reduce their toxicity and increase stability, prepared iron oxide was coated with gum Arabic. Gum Arabic is preferred over synthetic materials due to their non-toxicity, low cost and availability. Characterization of coated and non-coated iron oxide NPs had been performed by spectrophotometer, Fourier

As the most important component for MEMS-based pyrotechnics, the micrometer should generate enough energy to successfully ignite the next explosive. An enhanced reactive igniter was designed and fabricated through sputtering the Al/CuO nanolaminates onto the NiCr micro-heater to enhance the output energy of the NiCr micro-heater. The average thickness of the Al/CuO nanolaminate is 6.84 μm, and the

In this paper, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with an AlN buffer layer were fabricated. Analyses on the crystal quality of the GaN epitaxial layer by Raman spectroscopy have been purposed. By introducing an AlN layer on sapphire substrate, the maximum drain current of the HEMT increased from 481 mA/mm to 522 mA/mm at VG=6 V. Subthreshold slope was reduced from 638.3 mV/decade to 240.9 mV/decade and the electron mobility

In this study, the traveling wave solutions for the time-fractional shallow water wave equation system, whose physical application is defined as the dynamics of water bodies in the ocean or seas, are investigated by (G′G,1G)-expansion method. The nonlinear fractional partial differential equation is transformed to the non-fractional ordinary differential equation with the use of a special wave transformation

In this work, we focus on the modified high-order Haar wavelet numerical method, which introduces the third-order Runge–Kutta method in the time layer to improve the original numerical format. We apply the above scheme to two types of strong nonlinear solitary wave differential equations named as the generalized Burgers–Fisher equation and the generalized Burgers–Huxley equation. Numerical experiments

Temperature dependence of Young’s modulus of Ag microwhiskers was determined by a laser Doppler vibrometer. The Ag whiskers with diameters in sub-microns were synthesized by the use of physical vapor deposition (PVD). They have a five-fold twinned structure grown along the [1 1 0] direction. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus was measured to be 485.0±16.8 ppm/K in the range of 300 K to

This paper presents new optical solitons of a fractal Fokas–Lenells equation that models the dynamics of optical fibers. The Painlevé technique is employed to identify kink soliton solutions. The constraint conditions guarantee the existence of these solitons. The outcomes of this research give new solutions that are not achieved using some already defined algorithms. The derived method is efficient

The hydrogen donor impurity states are calculated in In0.65Ga0.35As0.75P0.25/InP coaxial double quantum well wires by the plane wave method under the theoretical framework of effective mass envelope function approximation. The binding energies of impurity in 1s state and 2p± state are obtained as the functions of impurity position, distance between the inner and outer quantum wires, magnetic and electric

We mainly study N-soliton solutions for the Maxwell–Bloch equations via the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) approach in this paper. The relevant RH problem has been constructed by performing spectral analysis of Lax pair. Then the jump matrix of the Maxwell–Bloch equations has been obtained. Finally, we gain the exact solutions of the Maxwell–Bloch equations by solving the special RH problem with reflectionless

We study the metal–insulator transitions in the half-filled Anderson–Hubbard model with mass imbalance by the typical medium theory using the equation of motion method as an impurity solver. The nonmagnetic ground state phase diagram of the system with mass imbalance is constructed numerically. In addition to the three phases showed up in the balanced case, the phase diagram of the mass imbalanced

This work studies the spontaneous droplet flow in tubes with different wettability gradient and number of segments by using a particle-based numerical method, many-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD). The study aims to understand how the different contact angle sets (gradient contact angle distribution along with different segments of a tube) and the number of segments could affect the droplet

The intrinsic point defect influence data for β–Si3N4 by far are incomplete and experimental clarification is not easy. In this contribution, the effects of vacancy (V2c, V6h and VSi) and interstitial (IN and ISi) defects on the electronic properties of H-passivated β–Si3N4 (0001) surface are explored based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The results show that it is easier to form N6h

Quantum machine learning is expected to be one of the potential applications that can be realized in the near future. Finding potential applications for it has become one of the hot topics in the quantum computing community. With the increase of digital image processing, researchers try to use quantum image processing instead of classical image processing to improve the ability of image processing

Recurrence network (RN) is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex dynamical systems. It integrates complex network theory with the idea of recurrence of a trajectory, i.e. whether two state vectors are close neighbors in a phase space. However, the differences in proximity between connected state vectors are not considered in the RN construction. Here, we propose a weighted state vector recurrence

General researches show that all kinds of random risk information and periodic information in the financial system are mainly transmitted to the asset price through influencing the volatility, thus impacting the whole market. So can the periodic information and random factors in the price be transmitted to the volatility in reverse and cause volatility changes? Hence, in this paper, we investigate

To overcome the problems of large calculation cost and high dependence on designers’ experience, an optimization design method based on multi-output Gaussian process regression (MOGPR) was proposed. The hydraulic design method of centrifugal pump based on the MOGPR model was constructed under Bayesian framework. Based on the available excellent hydraulic model, the complex relationship between the

A general method is proposed to describe the energy levels of the interface states in one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) heterojunction ([(AB)m(CD)m]n) containing dispersive or non-dispersion materials. We found that the finite energy levels of the interface states for the finite configuration can be described totally by the dispersion relation of the PC with a periodic unit [(AB)m(CD)m]. It is

The N-soliton solution of the (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation is constructed. The line soliton molecule, the breather and the lump soliton are presented successively for N=2. The three-soliton molecule structure, interaction of one-soliton molecule and a line soliton, the soliton molecules consisting of a line soliton and the breather/lump soliton of the solution u are constructed

In this paper, we put forward a class of weighted extended tree-like fractals and further use them as test bed to unveil the impact of weight heterogeneity on random walks. Specifically, a family of weighted extended tree-like fractals are first proposed, which are parameterized by a growth parameter m and weight parameter w. Then, we explore standard weight-dependent walk on the networks by deploying

The dielectric properties of Neodymium zinc titanium oxide (NZT) and Neodymium magnesium titanium oxide (NMT) were investigated. The single-phase ceramic was synthesized at various temperatures below 1650∘C. The result shows that the value of temperature of resonant frequency (τf) for NMT is higher than NZT. Our findings also indicate that the rare earth materials produce high property dielectric materials

In this work, the crystal and surface structures of Y2O3 nanoparticles were explored. The exploration of crystal structure was carried out by X-ray diffraction method at room temperature and under normal conditions. It was found that the crystal structure of the Y2O3 compound has a cubic symmetry with an Ia-3 space group. The lattice parameters have the values: a=b=c=10.5958 Å. The surface structure

The main goal of the study is to introduce a two-nearest-neighbor structure model for analyzing low-expansion Fe–Ni alloys. A two-shell atomic structure model is proposed to accurately locate the compositions of the alloy. In the presented model, the Cowley parameters of the alloy short-range ordered structure are considered. The selection of the first-nearest-neighbor cluster is determined, and the

In this paper, several four-quantum-dot topological structures are designed. The influence of the interdot coupling strength and intradot Coulomb interactions on the conductance is discussed. The location of the anti-resonance band can be manipulated by tuning the interdot coupling strength, which suggests a physical scheme of an effective quantum switch. The Fano anti-resonance peak may evolve into

An integrable of the generalized Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff-Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko (CBS-BK) equation is studied, by employing Hirota’s bilinear method the bilinear form is obtained, and the multiple-soliton solutions are constructed. The modified of improved bilinear method has been utilized to investigate multiple solutions. In addition, some graphs including 3D, contour, density, and y-curves

In this paper, we present a quantum group signature (QGS) scheme based on orthogonal product states (OPSs) that cannot be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communication. Our scheme has all the properties of QGS, including unforgeability, undeniability, traceability, verifiability and anonymity. These properties can guarantee the security of the scheme. More importantly, different

A laser synthesis scheme via the superposition of single-color and hyper-Gaussian pulses is proposed, and the synthesized laser pulse is adopted to interact with pre-aligned molecules for the production of an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP). The numerical results based on strong-field approximation disclose that the proposed scheme is efficient for the generation of an IAP under suitable hyper-Gaussian

This paper discusses the existence of the tracking model to detect a linear flows particle with a stochastic waiting time depending on the Gaussian jump length. This model is useful to measure the impurity quantification such as Radionuclides and Toxic Chemicals (particle) within the interaction medium (fluid) with minimum time and maximum probability. The particle flows linearly toward the origin

Phase change material (PCM) is useful for the storage and release of latent heat. However, its ability to conduct has hindered its engineering application. This study prepares a novel microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) by suspension polymerization. To improve the adhesion between the shell and the inorganic additive, triethoxyvinylsilane was incorporated copolymerizing with methyl methacrylate

Herein, a fine-tuning method is proposed for the spatial distributions of a mixed three-dimensional (3D) ion system in dual radio frequency (RF) linear Paul traps to achieve efficient sympathetic cooling. The dual RF field matching, efficient capture method and transient process of the intrinsic micromotion of the mixed ion system are analyzed quantitatively by numerical simulations. The 3D correlation

Identifying the nodes that play significant roles in the epidemic spreading process has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Few centrality measures, such as temporal degree and temporal closeness centrality, have been proposed to quantify node importance based on the topological structure of social contact networks. Most methods estimate the importance of a node from a single aspect, e.g

The 2D monolayer β-SiP has a honeycomb lattice and an intrinsic indirect band gap. Herein, the density functional theory calculations are performed to modulate the electronic structure of 2D monolayer β-SiP by applying strains. The band gap of monolayer β-SiP is monotonously reduced by the strains. More interestingly, a direct band gap is more likely to be achieved by applying strains along the armchair

Some multi-component integrable systems are introduced and constructed. These multi-component systems are selected as examples to help us study the self-adjointness of 𝒵n Frobenius equation by means of some new definitions and theorems that we introduced. It follows that the conservation laws of these multi-component systems are constructed based on a few symmetries.

The crystal structure and thermal properties of the Ca0.5In1.5Se3 compound have been investigated. Structural studies were performed by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The crystal structure of this compound was found to correspond to the hexagonal symmetry of the space group P61. Thermal properties were studied using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found in the temperature

In the current analysis, the conformable generalized Kudryashov equation of pulses propagation with power non-linearity is processed. The considered higher order equation represents a generalized mathematical model of many well-known ones in nonlinear media. A variety of multiple kinks, bi-symmetry, periodic, singular, bright and dark optical solitons are extracted via the generalized Riccati equation

The objective of this study is to illustrate the influence of Marangoni convection, nonlinear heat sink/source, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, activation energy, Soret and Dufour effects on magnetohydrodynamics flow of nanofluid generated by rotating disk. Further, the entropy generation equation is derived as a function of velocity, concentration, and thermal gradients. The governing equations

The structural, electronic, elastic, thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of RhTaZ (Z = Si, Ge and Sn) half-Heusler materials have been studied using density functional theory. We have found that the compounds studied can be experimentally synthesized. Also, RhTaZ (Z = Si, Ge and Sn) alloys exhibit a semiconductor behavior following the Slater–Pauling rule. The elastic properties calculated

In this paper, we derive solutions to the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which are associated to real and complex discrete eigenvalues of the Kaup–Newell spectral problem. These solutions are obtained by investigating double Wronskian solutions of the coupled Kaup–Newell equations and their reductions by means of bilinear method and a reduction technique. The reduced equations include the

Titanium oxide has been considered a promising candidate for Schottky-type diode application. In this paper, an alternative approach for improving electrical properties of TiOx-based Schottky-type diode has been demonstrated. Compared with the Ag/TiOx/Ti structure Schottky-type diode, by embedding an extra ZrO2 insulating layer between the Ag/TiOx interface, an extremely high rectifying ratio of 109

Under investigation in this paper are new novel coherent structures of two-dimensional lump-soliton for the Mel’nikov equation. The Hirota bilinear method and Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy reduction method are applied to construct a particular family of determinant semi-rational solutions exhibiting various coherent waves to the Mel’nikov equation. We first investigate some novel coherent waves

In this paper, some new traveling wave solutions to the conformable time-fractional Wu–Zhang system are constructed with the help of the extended Fan sub-equation method. The conformable fractional derivative is employed to transform the fractional form of the system into ordinary differential system with an integer order. Some distinct types of figures are sketched to illustrate the physical behavior

In this work, permittivity of TlInS2 and TlInS2 (5%C) crystals has been investigated at the AC field with 100–500 K temperatures ranges. tanδ temperature dependencies of TlInS2 and TlInS2 (5%C) crystals are studied at the frequency range of 25–106 Hz. Activation energy and ionic conductivity nature of sample were analyzed. Moreover, permittivity of these samples was studied at the perpendicular direction

This paper proposes a new method that obstacles are attached to both the suction and pressure surfaces of the blades to suppress cavitation development. A centrifugal pump with a specific speed of 32 is selected as the physical model to perform the external characteristic and cavitation performance experiments. SST k−ω turbulence model and Zwart cavitation model were employed to simulate the unsteady

In the process of haze removal by the polarization method, it is very important to obtain accurate polarization information. On the one hand, the influence of noise can be effectively suppressed by appropriately weighted amplifying the airlight degree of polarization and the airlight corresponding to an object at an infinite distance. On the other hand, the scattering energy in channels B and G is

Locally resonant phononic crystal (LRPC) has the extraordinary property to prohibit the wave propagation in specific low-frequency ranges, however it exists limitation in engineering application due to narrow band gap width. Extensive achievements have been obtained on the locally resonant band gap (LRBG) tunability, whereas existing investigations mainly concern the independent primitive cells structure

A modified lattice hydrodynamic model is proposed by considering the driver’s sensory memory and the average optimal velocity effect field. The stability conditions of the novel model are further analyzed theoretically through the linear analysis. The nonlinear modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation near the critical point is obtained, which can describe the jamming transition of traffic flow properly

We theoretically report a strong light–matter interaction in a sandwich structure composed of hybridized inorganic–organic perovskite nanowires, silica (SiO2) films and a silver (Ag) film. Surface plasmon effectively enhances the strong exciton–photon coupling strength of perovskite nanowires, which depends on reduction of effective mode volume and local field enhancement. By calculation, we find that

The Er-doped Ge1−xSnx thin films with different Sn contents were prepared on Ge buffered Si substrates by thermal evaporation. The effect of Er doping on the crystallization of Ge1−xSnx films at different annealing temperatures was studied. It is demonstrated that Er doping can increase the critical crystallization temperature and greatly reduce the surface roughness of high temperature annealed Ge1−xSnx

The primary goal of this paper is to seek solutions to the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (CNPDEs) by the use of q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). The CNPDEs considered are the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger–Korteweg–de Vries (CNLS-KdV) and the coupled nonlinear Maccari (CNLM) systems. As a basis for explaining the interactive wave propagation of electromagnetic waves

In the actual traffic, there are not only cars, but also buses, trucks and other vehicles. These vehicles with different maximum speeds or security headway or both are interspersed irregularly to form a heterogeneous traffic flow. In addition, most of the maximum speed of modern cars is hardly affected by gradients due to the fact that the car engine and brakes are rarely operated at their max while

Traffic status recognition and classification is an important prerequisite for traffic management and control. Based on the idea of weight optimal, a weighted fuzzy c-means clustering method for improving the accuracy of traffic classification is proposed in this study to ease traffic congestion. First, since there are many indexes that affect the traffic flow state classification, three commonly used

This investigation is about hybrid nanofluid flowing over a sheet. We considered two-dimensional Darcy–Forchheimer flow of different hybrid nanofluids with the influence of uniform heat source sink and nonlinear thermal radiation. Different nanoparticles can be used to improve the thermal conductivity of a liquid. A study comparing the various hybrid nanofluids to nanofluid is considered. Here, we