Quantum measurements based on mutually unbiased base (MUB) are commonly used in quantum information processing. Firstly, we construct two completed unextendible maximally entangled bases (UMEBs) in bipartite systems Cd⊗Cq(d+1). Then, the sufficient and necessary conditions of these two UMEBs develop into MUB can be obtained. Finally, we present some UMEBs that are mutually unbiased in concrete bipartite

Under investigation in this paper is the dynamics of dispersive optical solitons modeled via the Schrödinger–Hirota equation. The modulation instability of solutions is firstly studied in the presence of a small perturbation. With symbolic computation, the one-, two-, and three-soliton solutions are obtained through the Hirota bilinear method. The propagation and interaction of the solitons are simulated

The mechanism of formation and transformation of white-eye square patterns in dielectric barrier discharge system is investigated numerically, using the two-layer Lengyel–Epstein model with asymmetric and symmetric coupling. When the scale of the simulation system N is two to three times of pattern wavelength λ, it is found that an obvious intermediate state with square distribution appears by adjusting

In this paper, we mainly study the symmetry analysis and conservation laws of the time fractional Clannish Random Walker’s Parabolic (CRWP) equation. The vector fields and similarity reduction of the time fractional CRWP equation are obtained. In addition, based on the power series theory, a simple and effective approach for constructing explicit power series solutions is proposed. Finally, by use

The two-dimensional (2D) turbulent thermal convection is numerically investigated by using Lattice Boltzmann Method. The 2D turbulence is considered as 2D channel flow where the flow is forced by the arrays of adiabatic cylinders placed in the inlet and wall boundary of 2D channel, which is heated uniformly from the inlet as to inspire the paradigmatic motion of thermal convection. It is found that

Unsteady cavitating turbulent flow around a NACA66 hydrofoil was simulated using a mass transfer cavitation model and a modified filter-based turbulence model in this paper. The modified filter-based turbulence model can accurately predict the pressure coefficient in midplane and shedding frequency of the unsteady cloud cavitation than standard κ–𝜀 model and filter-based turbulence model. The time

The evolution of strongly dispersive internal solitary waves (ISWs) over slope-shelf topography is studied in a two-layer system of finite depth. We consider the high-order vmeKdV model extending the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation with coupling terms of O(μ𝜀) order to treat the strong dispersion in the problem which has variable coefficients to adapt the varying bottom topography. The strongly dispersive

We use the Chern–Simons action for a 𝕊𝕆(3)-connection for the description of point disclinations in the geometric theory of defects. The most general spherically symmetric 𝕊𝕆(3)-connection with zero curvature is found. The corresponding orthogonal spherically symmetric 𝕊𝕆(3) matrix and n-field are computed. Two examples of point disclinations are described.

Poisson’s ratios of two-dimensional (2D) all-inorganic perovskites Cs2PbX4 (X = Cl, Br, I) have been calculated by the first-principles calculations. The contribution of each geometric parameter (bond length L, bond angle Φ, rotation angle 𝜃1, and tilt angle 𝜃2) to Poisson’s ratio is obtained analytically. Through a comprehensive analysis of the geometric deformations of the perovskite under the

The directed transport of inertial Lévy flights resulting from the superimposed roughness in a corrugated potential is investigated in this paper. The influence of the roughness on the transport is studied by calculating the mean velocity (MV) and the mean first escape time (MFET), with respect to the Lévy index μ and the asymmetry parameter q which determines the asymmetry of the potential. The results

The Andreev conductance in Δ-shaped quantum dots (QDs) system coupled with Majorana bound states (MBSs) is studied and resulting conductance spectrum displays resonant and non-resonant processes. These fluctuated resonances render features like insulating band, bonding (antibonding) in the low-bias region due to non-trivial role of interdot coupling tc and dots-MBSs coupling λ. On comparing QD levels

Thermodynamic functions of the thermal expansion (αp), isothermal compressibility (κT) and the difference in the heat capacity (Cp−Cv) are calculated as a function of temperature (P=18 GPa) close to the transitions of 𝜀–δloc and δloc–δ in the solid nitrogen. This calculation is performed by using the observed Raman frequency shifts of vibrons (υ1,υ2 and υ22). Also, by using the observed V–P data,

In this work, we investigate the perturbed optical solitons to the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation consisting of group velocity dispersion and quintic nonlinearity coefficients, which communicate the propagation of pulses in nonlinear optics. The various kinds of solitons in single and combined forms like dark, singular, dark-singular, bright-dark are derived by Fan-extended sub equation method. Moreover

In this study, we constructed the exact traveling and soliton solutions for unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation (UNLSE) by a modified mathematical method. The UNLSE explains the disorder of a time period in slightly unstable and stable medium, and also accomplishes the instability for modulated carrier wave. The demonstrated soliton solutions represent to bright-dark solitons, periodic solitary

The rapid adoption of sensor technology has upgraded the vehicular communication capacity, which enables the drivers to predict the traffic state (e.g. headway variation tendency (HVT)) based on the current traffic information. Meanwhile, in practice, the drivers would exhibit bounded rationality behavior in that they often perceive and respond to acceleration/deceleration only when the headway variation

An experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of the steam bubbles generated by steam injection was performed. The bubble Nusselt number and Reynolds number were calculated based on the visual observation. The steam bubble Reynolds number and water subcooling were 600–360,000 and 15–60 K, respectively. In the large range of steam bubble Reynolds number, it was found that the heat transfer

In this study, type Ib, type IIa, and type IIb synthetic diamonds tools were used for the ultra-precision machining (UPM) of copper. Raman spectroscopy showed that the diamond cutting tools used in these experiments exhibited high-quality sp3 structure and little residual stress in the diamond lattice. Type IIb diamond cutting tools showed higher durability and better UPM performance than the other

This paper proposes a novel readout interface for a high-precision silicon MEMS vibratory gyroscope. The readout interface contains a closed-loop self-resonating driving circuit and a low-noise open-loop capacitance sensing circuit. In order to achieve an overall optimization in noise performance, the noise in driving loop of the interface is analyzed in detail. After the noise optimization, the driving

We calculate the critical exponents of the threshold singularity for the spectral density of the XXZ-spin chain at zero magnetic field for the lower threshold. We show that the corresponding phase shifts are momentum independent and coincide with predictions of the effective mobile impurity Hamiltonian approach.

In this paper, dynamic effective parameters of mass-type and stiffness-type bilayer perforated thin-plate acoustic metamaterials (MBPM and SBPM) are investigated by simulations and experiments. Dynamic effective parameters are calculated by the retrieval method, and formation mechanisms of special effective parameters are analyzed by simulated fields. Divergent effective parameters are produced by

Three-dimensional (3D) unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations are conducted to investigate the blade load and internal flow field for a low specific centrifugal pump operating as a turbine (PAT). Validation and grid independence of the simulation method are performed and ensured. A thorough inspection to flow variables in terms of pressure and radial velocity as well as circumferential

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of the nano-ZrO2 compound was drawn, the crystal structure was determined at room temperature and under normal conditions. Radiation-thermal decomposition of water on nanosized ZrO2 in the temperature range of T=300–673 K has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. It has been shown that nanosized zirconium dioxide

This paper studies the Biswas–Arshed model that compensates for the group velocity dispersion (GVD) by the dispersion of time and space. When the GVD and non-linearity are very small, the propagation patterns of the model are given by the complete discriminant system for polynomial method. Based on the results, under the specific parameters, we analyze the soliton transmission dynamic.

In this paper, Dirac point method is used to study the interface state of one-dimensional photonic crystal heterojunction [(AB)m(CD)m]n containing dispersive materials GaAs. We found that the energy levels of the interface states satisfy a simple sinusoidal function. We investigate the variation of the energy levels of the interface states with the incident angle, it is found that these interface states

A Bayesian approach is proposed to estimate unknown parameters in stochastic dynamic equations (SDEs). The Fokker–Planck equation from statistical physics method is adopted to calculate the quasi-stationary probability density function. A hybrid algorithm combining the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis–Hastings (MH) algorithm is proposed to obtain Bayesian estimates of unknown parameters in SDEs. Three

In this work, we investigate the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko (gBK) equation. Based on its bilinear form, the Nth-order breather solutions of the gBK equation are successful given by taking appropriate parameters. Furthermore, the Nth-order lump solutions of the gBK equation are obtained via the long-wave limit method. In addition, the semi-rational solutions are generated

The electron Bloch states in crystals with spin-orbit coupling do not always transform under symmetry operations in the same way as the pure spin-1/2 states. This has profound consequences for the gap symmetry and nodal structure of superconductors. Based on the generalization of the Ueda–Rice prescription for the Bloch bases in twofold degenerate bands, we develop the general symmetry classification

A tunable narrowband metamaterial perfect absorber (NMPA) with single absorption peak at both normal incidence and oblique incidence is proposed. The spectral responses of the designed NMPA are calculated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. By using an Ag guided-mode resonance grating layer with great fill factor, the designed NMPA exhibits single resonance peak, which is converted to

In biological systems, gene expression is an important subject. In order to clarify the specific process of gene expression, mathematical tools are needed to simulate the process. The Boolean network (BN) is a good mathematical tool. In this paper, we study a Boolean network with intermittent perturbations. This is of great significance for studying genetic mutations in bioengineering. The expression

In order to solve the problem of small and asymmetrical plasma area of the gliding arc (GA) in the chemical treatment process, a plasma actuator driven by alternating current (AC) with a frequency of 23.2kHz was designed to multichannel gliding arcs (MGAs) in a rotational air flow at atmospheric pressure. The spatiotemporally resolved discharge characteristics of the MGA, including long-length breakdown

This note proposes a non-inertial similarity solution for the classic von Kármán swirling flow as perceived from the rotational frame. The solution is obtained by implementing non-inertial similarity parameters in the non-inertial boundary layer equations. This reduces the partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations that is solved through an integration routine and shooting

In this study, we describe the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of colloidal dispersion gels (CDGs) to be used as in-situ fluid diversion. The chemical stability of CDGs was improved by modifying the polymer mixture. The CDGs were synthesized by free radical crosslinking polymerization using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), Acrylic acid (AAc), partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide

In this paper, the influence of imprecise quantum measurement on remote state preparation scheme is investigated. By analyzing the measurement parameters and corresponding errors, we obtain the evolution of output state in the process of remote state preparation. In terms of the fidelity of initial state and output state, the influence of imprecise quantum measurement is discussed. The results of this

In this paper, we use the Hirota bilinear method to find the N-soliton solution of a (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadovtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation. Then, we obtain the T-order breathers of the equation, and combine the long-wave limit method to give the M-order lumps. Resorting to the extended homoclinic test technique, we obtain the breather-kink solutions for the equation. Last, the interaction

In the past decade, the number of cars in China has significantly raised, but the traffic jam spree problem has brought great inconvenience to people’s travel. Accurate and efficient traffic flow prediction, as the core of Intelligent Traffic System (ITS), can effectively solve the problems of traffic travel and management. The existing short-term traffic flow prediction researches mainly use the shallow

Under investigation in this paper is a two-component Novikov system (also called Geng-Xue equation), which was proposed by Geng and Xue in 2009. Firstly, via the Lie symmetry method, infinitesimal generators, commutator table of Lie algebra and symmetry groups of the two-component Novikov system are presented. At the same time, some group invariant solutions are computed through similarity reductions

In this paper, the thermal effect on wave dispersion characteristic induced by the spinning and longitudinal motions in the viscoelastic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) conveying fluid is presented. Hamilton’s principle is utilized to derive the governing equation of this nanotube based on the non-local strain gradient and Euler–Bernoulli beam theories. Then, the dispersion solution is found by using the Naiver

The soliton solutions on both constant and periodic backgrounds of the nonlocal Davey–Stewartson III equation are derived by using the bilinear method and the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy reduction method. These solutions are presented as N×N Gram-type determinants, with N a positive integer. Typical dynamics of these soliton solutions are investigated in analytical and graphical aspects.

At present, metal hydrides are considered highly promising materials for phonon-mediated superconductors that exhibit high values of the critical temperature. In the present study, the superconducting properties of the compressed selenium hydride in its simplest form (HSe) are analyzed, toward quantitative characterization of this phase. By using the state-of-art Migdal-Eliashberg formalism, it is

In this study, substitution effects of group 4 elements in Fe2TiSn thermoelectric material are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. All of the substitution elements showed the most thermodynamic preference for the Sn site, and these substitutions for Fe2TiSn did not give much influence in the stability and mechanical property of Fe2TiSn. e2TiSn0

Based on the squeezed vacuum (SV) and the quadratic function of the photon number operator, we introduce the quadratically amplified squeezed vacuum (QASV) in this paper. We study the intensity, noise, squeezing effect, antibunching effect, and Wigner function of the QASVs. Compared with the SV, the QASVs have distinctive signal characters and possess peculiar non-classical properties in the proper

With the development of mathematics as well as natural sciences and with the improvement of the human cognitive level, a new discipline dealing with complexity of different and complex natural systems has been recognized. Therefore, several complexity measures have been developed. Complexity measures provided to scientific community new insights into environmental processes that cannot be discovered

This paper describes a data-driven approach to predict mechanical properties of auxetic kirigami metamaterials with randomly oriented cuts. The finite element method (FEM) was used to generate datasets, the convolutional neural network (CNN) was introduced to train these data, and an implicit mapping between the input orientations of cuts and the output Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the kirigami

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown considerable promise from both a scientific and an application perspective due to their outstanding comprehensive properties. In this study, an equiatomic FeCoCrNi HEA is used as input material for laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The HEA coating is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy

We present an underwater metastructure with excellent sound absorption effect below 50 Hz. The periodic metastructure unit consists of a conical cavity, rubber matrix, and two metal disks. FEM results show that, in the range of 20–300 Hz, the proposed metastructure demonstrates the excellent sound absorption within 279 Hz bandwidth when the reference absorption coefficient is considered to be 0.5.

Electron bombarded Active Pixel Sensor (EBAPS) is well known for its low noise in low-light level imaging, high mechanical integration, and a relatively low cost. It plays an important role in areas of the industrial process as well as the fundamental scientific research. However, the performance of EBAPS is intensively influenced by the structural parameters (i.e. the acceleration voltage between

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) has been proved to be tolerant against unknown reference frame misalignment, which reserves interesting prospects in implementing global quantum communication. However, few works have been addressed on the performance and feasibility for RFI-QKD in turbulent atmospheric channels. Here, we propose to implement RFI-QKD in practical free-space

For accurate electron temperature diagnostics, the collision-excitation model is used for Sulfur plasma. Using the calculated Maxwellian average collision strengths at 1000 K, we calculate the electron temperature using the 3s23p2D1–3s23p2P3, 3s23p2S1–3s23p2D1 and 3s23p2S1–3s23p2P3 transitions of Sulfur III. Results show that when the line ratio of 3s23p2S1–3s23p2D1 and 3s23p2D1–3s23p2P3 transitions

The doping dependence of the thermopower of cuprate superconductors in the normal-state is studied within the t–j model. It is shown that with a proper modification of the bare electron dispersion in the t–j model, the experimental results of the doping dependence of the normal-state thermopower are qualitatively reproduced. In particular, the theory shows that a pseudogap-generated split of the van

This paper introduces a new four-dimensional chaotic system with a unique unstable equilibrium and multiple coexisting attractors. The dynamic evolution analysis shows that the system concurrently generates two symmetric chaotic attractors for fixed parameter values. Based on this system, an effective method is established to construct an infinite number of coexisting chaotic attractors. It shows that

In this paper, we have proposed a new chaotic megastable oscillator which has both conservative and dissipative characters depending on the selection of parameters. Various dynamical characteristics including megastability of the new system are investigated and presented. The bifurcation plots and the corresponding Lyapunov exponents (LEs) confirm the existence of both dissipative and conservative

This paper is devoted to obtaining some new types of exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa (DJKM) equation utilizing the Lie symmetry method. All the Lie symmetries, infinitesimal generators, and possible geometric vector fields have been obtained by using the invariance condition of the group-theoretic method. Meanwhile, the Lie symmetry reductions and explicit exact solutions

A four-party single-qubit operation sharing scheme is put forward by utilizing the Bell and Yeo–Chua product state in an entanglement structure as the composite quantum channel. Four features of the scheme are discussed and confirmed, including its determinacy, symmetry, and security as well as the scheme experimental feasibility. Moreover, some concrete comparisons between our present scheme and a

For the fabricated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different Ohmic contact widths, the gate-channel electron mobility is obtained experimentally. Mobility curves show very different values and trends. This phenomenon is investigated with the scattering theory in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The reason for the different mobility curves is found to be attributed to the different polarization

The concept of geometric phase acquired by a quantum state during its evolution is generalized to the subspace of states of evolving quantum system. Physical motivation of this generalization comes from the effect of coherent population trapping. Under certain conditions, there exists a two-dimensional “dark” subspace of atomic ground states that does not interact with the external radiation. The structure

The study focuses on the use of a direct algebraic approach to the analysis of the Triki–Biswas (TB) model. This model addresses the distribution of ultrashort pulses in optical fiber in the presence of non-Kerr dispersion concept and group velocity dispersion. However, using the new extended direct algebraic method, we have obtained various optical soliton solutions for the TB model. The optical soliton

In today’s world scenario, many of the real-life problems and application data can be represented with the help of the graphs. Nowadays technology grows day by day at a very fast rate; applications generate a vast amount of valuable data, due to which the size of their representation graphs is increased. How to get meaningful information from these data become a hot research topic. Methodical algorithms

In this paper, for the (3+1)-dimensional extended Jimbo–Miwa equation, by the direct algebraic method, together with the inheritance solving strategy, we construct its interaction solutions among solitons, rational waves, and periodic waves. Meanwhile, we construct its interaction solutions among solitons, breathers, and lumps of any higher orders by an N-soliton decomposition algorithm, together with

Modification of surface of natural fibers by high energy electron beam irradiation (6 MeV) is a process for enhancing the adhesion between fiber and matrix. Composites reinforced with natural fiber have gained a prominent place in the field of research and innovation due to the advantages such as low cost, light weight and environment friendly factors. We have studied the thermal properties such as

This paper investigates the effects of interparticle distance and heating rate on the aggregation characteristics of Cu/Au nanoparticles using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and focuses on discussing the effects of the two above-mentioned factors on the entire system. Our results suggested that the reduction in heating rate and increasing the initial distance of the particles would both contribute