In this work we present a fast and label-free technique for biomolecules detection. The approach has been proved to be powerful to investigate small DNA mutation. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an outstanding technique for DNA analyses by providing a specific fingerprint of chemical structure with a high sensitivity in a very short acquisition time. Homogeneous decoration of Silicon

This paper presents three different PCF structures including circular, hexagonal, and square holes forming four rings. To investigate various optical properties, simulation has been performed in between 1 THz to 2 THz regimes. Using these PCF structures, the core power fraction (CPF), dispersion, confinement loss (CL), effective material loss (EML), effective area (Aeff), and propagation constant are

In this paper, colorimetric analysis for biochemical samples has been realized, by developing an easy-to-use smartphone colorimetric sensing android application that can measure the molar concentration of the biochemical liquid analyte. The designed application can be used for on-site testing and measurement. We examined three different biochemical materials with the application after preparation with

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem aggravated by the overuse of prophylactic antibiotic therapies and lack of real-time biosensing equipment to differentiate viral from bacterial infections at the Point of Care (POC), particularly in rural areas with limited access to clinical laboratory facilities. As recent studies reveal the potential of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and other acute phase biomarkers

The present study described the synthesis of biocompatible Zinc oxide nanoparticles from the zinc acetate through eco-friendly green process using leaf extract of Cassia auriculata leaf and their antibacterial activity. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultra violet visible spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray

Potentiometric sensing devices were prepared based on ion-selective membranes (ISM) containing Hamilton-type receptors incorporated into polymer membranes. Measurement capabilities of these devices were evaluated and exhibit near-Nernstian sensitivities in several different aqueous matrices, demonstrating the utility of Hamilton receptors within polymer membranes for potentiometric detection of barbiturates

In this article, an excellent design of a quasi-shape of cladding with elliptical shape based rotated-hexa core in photonic crystal fiber (Q-PCF) has been presented for terahertz (THz) area. For wide area based communication networks, our suggested PCF fiber (Q-PCF) is strongly useful because of achieving by ultra-low effective material loss (EML) in the terahertz regime. Finite element method (FEM)

This paper presents a hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) based gas sensor for monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2). The HC-PCF based sensor is employed for monitoring the diverse liquids and gases with a higher relative sensitivity compared to solid core PCF and porous core PCF sensors. In this paper, the whole design and simulation works have been accomplished by COMSOL Multiphysics software through

We have prepared and characterized hydrosulfide-selective ChemFET devices based on a nitrile butadiene rubber membrane containing tetraoctylammonium nitrate as a chemical recognition element that is applied to commercially available field-effect transistors. The sensors have fast (120 s) reversible responses, selectivity over other biologically relevant thiol-containing species, detection limits of

The latest developments in deep learning have made it possible to implement automated, advanced extraction of several things' features and classifications. Deep learning methods have also become more prominent in arrhythmia detection. This study conceptualized a classification method for ECG arrhythmia utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with images based on spectrograms without undergoing

In this paper, a highly sensitive temperature sensor is proposed on the platform of photonic crystal fiber (filled with ethanol) and Sagnac interferometer. The sensing characteristics of the device are analyzed by the finite element method. The results show a high temperature sensitivity of 23.23 nm/°C and − 8.71 nm/°C for the fiber length of 24 cm within the temperature range of 45 °C to 60 °C. In

In this work, a novel approach is presented to design a metamaterial-based sensitive sensor for biomedical applications. The metamaterial-based sensor objective is to differentiate between different types of cancer cell lines (biological cells) based on their electrical properties. The sensor is designed by incorporating a single circular split ring resonator (SRR) and a Hilbert fractal curve. The

In this research work, we have proposed an excellent work combination of five layers spherical shape in cladding area with two layers of same circular shape in rotated-hexa core based decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) and explicated the simulation outcomes for chemicals finding in the terahertz (THz) ranges. The finite element method (FEM) and perfectly matched layers (PML) boundary complaint

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in a CO/H2 microwave discharge system was performed for synthesizing of carbon nanowalls template and subsequently potentiostatic anodic deposition technique was applied for depositing of manganese oxides onto the carbon nanowall surfaces. Characterization of the synthesized nanocomposite films was done via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based TiO2-nanorods modified carbon paste electrode (CPE/TiO2 NRs) for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in bottled water was successfully studied. The synthesized TiO2 NRs and the modified sensor were fabricated by simple methods and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis

The article presents a rectangular core photonic crystal fiber (RCPCF) structure to detect the major components of blood. We used Topas as bulk fiber material for its extraordinary properties in the terahertz (THz) frequency region and the investigation is accomplished from 0.8 THz to 1.8 THz. The RCPCF sensor provides enriched relative sensitivity (almost 94.38%, 93.72%, 92.94%, 92.14%, and 90.8%

This paper focuses on designing a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) based sensor model. The anticipated sensor is modelled and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics to carry-out experiments on multiple optical parameters that evaluate the efficiency of this model. This model aims to detect alcohol and classify it. Three variants of alcohol, namely methanol, ethanol, and propanol, have been considered in this

This paper presents the design and simulation of hybrid porous core photonic crystal fiber (HPC-PCF) for monitoring nitrous oxide (N2O) gas. The design, numerical simulation and optimization process have been accomplished by utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics software and finite element method. The simulation results show the relative sensitivity of 27% and confinement loss of 0.0034 dB/m at λ = 5 μm absorption

Breast cancer is a serious issue in today's medical science and for this reason, an accurate, as well as efficient detection technique of the breast cancer cell is urgent. Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) makes this process easier and unique since it has tremendous optical sensing capabilities. We represent a PCF sensor model for detecting the breast cancer cell where all the designed configurations are

Lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are a widely used point-of-care technology because they are simple to perform and easy to read. LFIAs typically use colloidal gold or colored latex beads, however the sensitivity of LFIAs is ultimately limited by the label's extinction coefficients as enough material must be localized to be observed. Greater sensitivity requires visualization of fewer labels and herein

We applied our lab-built CO2 laser photoacoustic spectrometer, which has a multi-component measurement capability, for measuring the ammonia, acetone, and ethylene trace gases in the breath of 10 renal disease patients and 30 healthy volunteers. We argue that not only ammonia but also acetone and ethylene can become potential biomarkers for renal disease. We found that the breath ammonia and acetone

Surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) is rapidly becoming one of the main spectroscopic techniques for the detection of a variety of biomolecules and biomarkers. The main reasons for this trend are the high sensitivity and selectivity, robustness, and speed of this analytical method. Each year, the number of applications that utilize this phenomenon increases and with each such work, the complexity and

We propose a noise elimination electrical impedance spectroscopy (neEIS) system for single cell identification whose characteristics are cell-free clamp structure and cell-position independent calibration. The function of the cell-free clamp structure is to enable a single cell to be freely located into neEIS system. The cell-position independent calibration consists of three steps; impedance measurement

By this article, we are going to report results of one of works which has been performed on investigation of the binding and inhibition of catalase (CAT) by ascorbate (ASC). To achieve this goal, different electrochemical experiments have been performed and their data have been analyzed by conventional and chemometric methods. Conventional methods were including direct analysis of the electrochemical

In this work, an ultra-sensitive and highly-specific electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on three-dimensional graphene/nickel foam (GF) decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the detection of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). A low NGAL limit of detection (LOD) of 42 pg/ml and a linear range (LR) of 0.05–210 ng/ml were achieved

In this study, selective optical properties of Si/SiO2 thin films and their dependence on heat treatment were investigated. Samples were synthesized by pulsed-laser ablation deposition of c-Si on glass substrates and annealed at different temperatures (400 °C, 1000 °C). Nanofabrication parameters were chosen to produce significantly different nanostructures ranging from agglomerated particles to nanofibers

This paper presents an analysis on a hexagonal cladding with a rotated-hexa core in photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) based optical sensor formation with simultaneously minimal confinement loss and higher sensitivity for chemical sensing functions. The numerical assessment of the designed structure is achieved with the procedure of finite element method (FEM) and perfectly matched layers (PML) boundary

Cardiac dynamism changes with the various intellectual activities which affect the brain's performance indirectly. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal displays the variation of cardiac dynamism that has been analyzed in this work to extract the psychological competence of the young students. A cardiac state-inducing prototype and MATLAB based graphical-user interface (GUI) have been developed, implemented

In this article, we propose a rectangular slotted porous core photonic crystal fiber (RSPC-PCF) for sensing the CO2 gas. The RSPC-PCF is made of purely silica material with rectangular air holes in core and circular air holes in cladding. The COMSOL Multi-physics software with version 4.5.150 is used as a design and simulation tools. The effects of tuning the geometrical parameters have been numerically

The surface plasmon resonance wavelength in a gold film above silver nanospheres on a silica substrate was measured using transmission absorption spectroscopy. The structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the gold/silver nanosphere thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-VIS-NIR double beam spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively

Hypoxia commonly occurs within tumours and is a major cause of radiotherapy resistance. Clinical outcomes could be improved by locating and selectively increasing the dose delivered to hypoxic regions. Here we describe a miniature implantable sensor for real-time monitoring of tissue oxygenation that could enable this novel treatment approach to be implemented. The sensor uses a solid-state electrochemical

COVID-19 has become a substantial lethal disease worldwide, and early diagnosis is a significant concern for this virus. Currently, RT-PCR is being used worldwide for the detection of this virus with human to human transmission. Furthermore, the recent develop biosensor leading to others diagnosis approach but being invasive are painful and time taking. Another possibility can be protein-based biomarkers

We present an object motion detection system using backscattered signal strength of passive UHF RFID tags as a sensor for providing information on the movement and identity of work objects-important cues for activity recognition. For using the signal strength for accurate detection of object movement we propose a novel Markov model with continuous observations, RSSI preprocessor, frame-based data segmentation

The next generation of devices for personal healthcare monitoring will comprise molecular sensors to monitor analytes of interest in the skin compartment. Transdermal devices based on microneedles offer an excellent opportunity to explore the dynamics of molecular markers in the interstitial fluid, however good acceptability of these next generation devices will require several technical problems associated

We have established a long-term, stable primary chick forebrain neuron (FBN) culture on a microelectrode array platform as a biosensor system for neurotoxicant screening and for neuroelectrophysiological studies for multiple purposes. This paper reports some of our results, which characterize the biosensor pharmacologically. Dose-response experiments were conducted using NMDA receptor antagonist AP5

In clinical oncology, diagnosis and evaluation of optimal treatment strategies are mostly based on histopathological examination combined with immunohistochemical (IHC) expression analysis of cancer-associated antigens in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue biopsies. However, informative IHC analysis depends on both the specificity and affinity of the binding reagent, which are inherently

Design and fabrication of three-dimensionally structured, gold membranes containing hexagonally close-packed microcavities with nanopores in the base, are described. Our aim is to create a nanoporous structure with localized enhancement of the fluorescence or Raman scattering at, and in the nanopore when excited with light of approximately 600 nm, with a view to provide sensitive detection of biomolecules

Immunoassays based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly sensitive for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and can be employed to determine concentrations in near real-time. A sensitive generic mAb against PAHs, named as 2G8, was developed by a three-step screening procedure. It exhibited nearly uniformly high sensitivity against 3-ring to 5-ring unsubstituted PAHs and their

On-site multiplex biosensors for innate immunity antibodies are ideal tools for monitoring health status of individuals against various diseases. This study introduces a novel antibody immunoassay testing platform incorporating microfiber-based arrays of antigens to capture specific antibodies. The fabrication and setup of the device revolved around electrospun polystyrene (ESPS) microfibers that act