This paper presents the design and simulation of hybrid porous core photonic crystal fiber (HPC-PCF) for monitoring nitrous oxide (N2O) gas. The design, numerical simulation and optimization process have been accomplished by utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics software and finite element method. The simulation results show the relative sensitivity of 27% and confinement loss of 0.0034 dB/m at λ = 5 μm absorption

Breast cancer is a serious issue in today's medical science and for this reason, an accurate, as well as efficient detection technique of the breast cancer cell is urgent. Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) makes this process easier and unique since it has tremendous optical sensing capabilities. We represent a PCF sensor model for detecting the breast cancer cell where all the designed configurations are

Lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are a widely used point-of-care technology because they are simple to perform and easy to read. LFIAs typically use colloidal gold or colored latex beads, however the sensitivity of LFIAs is ultimately limited by the label's extinction coefficients as enough material must be localized to be observed. Greater sensitivity requires visualization of fewer labels and herein

We applied our lab-built CO2 laser photoacoustic spectrometer, which has a multi-component measurement capability, for measuring the ammonia, acetone, and ethylene trace gases in the breath of 10 renal disease patients and 30 healthy volunteers. We argue that not only ammonia but also acetone and ethylene can become potential biomarkers for renal disease. We found that the breath ammonia and acetone

Surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) is rapidly becoming one of the main spectroscopic techniques for the detection of a variety of biomolecules and biomarkers. The main reasons for this trend are the high sensitivity and selectivity, robustness, and speed of this analytical method. Each year, the number of applications that utilize this phenomenon increases and with each such work, the complexity and

We propose a noise elimination electrical impedance spectroscopy (neEIS) system for single cell identification whose characteristics are cell-free clamp structure and cell-position independent calibration. The function of the cell-free clamp structure is to enable a single cell to be freely located into neEIS system. The cell-position independent calibration consists of three steps; impedance measurement

By this article, we are going to report results of one of works which has been performed on investigation of the binding and inhibition of catalase (CAT) by ascorbate (ASC). To achieve this goal, different electrochemical experiments have been performed and their data have been analyzed by conventional and chemometric methods. Conventional methods were including direct analysis of the electrochemical

In this work, an ultra-sensitive and highly-specific electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on three-dimensional graphene/nickel foam (GF) decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the detection of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). A low NGAL limit of detection (LOD) of 42 pg/ml and a linear range (LR) of 0.05–210 ng/ml were achieved

In this study, selective optical properties of Si/SiO2 thin films and their dependence on heat treatment were investigated. Samples were synthesized by pulsed-laser ablation deposition of c-Si on glass substrates and annealed at different temperatures (400 °C, 1000 °C). Nanofabrication parameters were chosen to produce significantly different nanostructures ranging from agglomerated particles to nanofibers

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based TiO2-nanorods modified carbon paste electrode (CPE/TiO2 NRs) for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in bottled water was successfully studied. The synthesized TiO2 NRs and the modified sensor were fabricated by simple methods and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis

The article presents a rectangular core photonic crystal fiber (RCPCF) structure to detect the major components of blood. We used Topas as bulk fiber material for its extraordinary properties in the terahertz (THz) frequency region and the investigation is accomplished from 0.8 THz to 1.8 THz. The RCPCF sensor provides enriched relative sensitivity (almost 94.38%, 93.72%, 92.94%, 92.14%, and 90.8%

This paper presents an analysis on a hexagonal cladding with a rotated-hexa core in photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) based optical sensor formation with simultaneously minimal confinement loss and higher sensitivity for chemical sensing functions. The numerical assessment of the designed structure is achieved with the procedure of finite element method (FEM) and perfectly matched layers (PML) boundary

Cardiac dynamism changes with the various intellectual activities which affect the brain's performance indirectly. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal displays the variation of cardiac dynamism that has been analyzed in this work to extract the psychological competence of the young students. A cardiac state-inducing prototype and MATLAB based graphical-user interface (GUI) have been developed, implemented

In this article, we propose a rectangular slotted porous core photonic crystal fiber (RSPC-PCF) for sensing the CO2 gas. The RSPC-PCF is made of purely silica material with rectangular air holes in core and circular air holes in cladding. The COMSOL Multi-physics software with version 4.5.150 is used as a design and simulation tools. The effects of tuning the geometrical parameters have been numerically

This paper focuses on designing a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) based sensor model. The anticipated sensor is modelled and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics to carry-out multiple optical parameters that evaluate the efficiency of this model. This model aims to detect alcohol and classify it. Three variants of alcohol, namely methanol, ethanol, and propanol, have been considered in this study. These

The surface plasmon resonance wavelength in a gold film above silver nanospheres on a silica substrate was measured using transmission absorption spectroscopy. The structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the gold/silver nanosphere thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-VIS-NIR double beam spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively

Hypoxia commonly occurs within tumours and is a major cause of radiotherapy resistance. Clinical outcomes could be improved by locating and selectively increasing the dose delivered to hypoxic regions. Here we describe a miniature implantable sensor for real-time monitoring of tissue oxygenation that could enable this novel treatment approach to be implemented. The sensor uses a solid-state electrochemical

COVID-19 has become a substantial lethal disease worldwide, and early diagnosis is a significant concern for this virus. Currently, RT-PCR is being used worldwide for the detection of this virus with human to human transmission. Furthermore, the recent develop biosensor leading to others diagnosis approach but being invasive are painful and time taking. Another possibility can be protein-based biomarkers

We present an object motion detection system using backscattered signal strength of passive UHF RFID tags as a sensor for providing information on the movement and identity of work objects-important cues for activity recognition. For using the signal strength for accurate detection of object movement we propose a novel Markov model with continuous observations, RSSI preprocessor, frame-based data segmentation

The next generation of devices for personal healthcare monitoring will comprise molecular sensors to monitor analytes of interest in the skin compartment. Transdermal devices based on microneedles offer an excellent opportunity to explore the dynamics of molecular markers in the interstitial fluid, however good acceptability of these next generation devices will require several technical problems associated

We have established a long-term, stable primary chick forebrain neuron (FBN) culture on a microelectrode array platform as a biosensor system for neurotoxicant screening and for neuroelectrophysiological studies for multiple purposes. This paper reports some of our results, which characterize the biosensor pharmacologically. Dose-response experiments were conducted using NMDA receptor antagonist AP5

In clinical oncology, diagnosis and evaluation of optimal treatment strategies are mostly based on histopathological examination combined with immunohistochemical (IHC) expression analysis of cancer-associated antigens in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue biopsies. However, informative IHC analysis depends on both the specificity and affinity of the binding reagent, which are inherently

Design and fabrication of three-dimensionally structured, gold membranes containing hexagonally close-packed microcavities with nanopores in the base, are described. Our aim is to create a nanoporous structure with localized enhancement of the fluorescence or Raman scattering at, and in the nanopore when excited with light of approximately 600 nm, with a view to provide sensitive detection of biomolecules

Immunoassays based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly sensitive for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and can be employed to determine concentrations in near real-time. A sensitive generic mAb against PAHs, named as 2G8, was developed by a three-step screening procedure. It exhibited nearly uniformly high sensitivity against 3-ring to 5-ring unsubstituted PAHs and their

On-site multiplex biosensors for innate immunity antibodies are ideal tools for monitoring health status of individuals against various diseases. This study introduces a novel antibody immunoassay testing platform incorporating microfiber-based arrays of antigens to capture specific antibodies. The fabrication and setup of the device revolved around electrospun polystyrene (ESPS) microfibers that act