The wick is the most crucial element of loop heat pipes (LHPs). At present, wick materials are limited to copper, stainless steel, nickel, and so on. Little research has been carried out on new wick materials. This paper reports the fabrication of aluminum wicks and performance tests of LHPs using aluminum wicks. Experimental data show that this LHP is capable of transferring a heating load of 130 W

Fire events in nuclear power plants represent a significant potential hazard and are an important contributor to the overall operational risks of these facilities. Consequently, a detailed understanding of fire and smoke propagation behaviour in such applications is required for fire performance-based engineering and risk assessment. This paper presents computational fluid dynamics modelling of a postulated

In this work, the CO2 absorption by potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was studied. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to design experiments, make models, and find the optimum operating conditions for attaining desirable responses in the range of temperature, pressure and absorbent concentration of 25–65 °C, 2–10 bar and 0.01–1.21 mol/lit, respectively

Air-cooling process is a very complex heat transfer involving the heat transfer theory and the fluid dynamics. In the paper, the experiment and numerical simulation methods are used to study the interfacial heat transfer and gas flow in the process of air-cooling, and an axisymmetric model is established to simulate the air-cooling process based on the fluid-thermal-solid coupling method. In the experiment

Due to the restriction of mashgas drainage technology in underground coal mine, a huge number of low concentration coal-bed methane is released into the atmosphere, because of the low methane concentration and the greater difficulty of utilization, causing environmental pollution and waste of resources. If the methane can be separated from coal-bed methane, and liquefied into liquefied natural gas

An existing condensation hood has been numerically investigated using k-ε turbulence and species transport models. Due to the geometrical complexity of the appliance, two additional mathematical models were introduced with the use of User Defined Functions (UDFs). They were a model of a fan and a model of the internally finned pipes of a heat exchanger. The latter also involved a condensation model

Water-based Carbon Quantum Dot (CQD) suspension has great potential for different heat transfer applications as a novel coolant due to their unique colloidal stability, high thermal conductivity and low penalty for rheological properties once loading CQD. To this end, Fe3O4-CQD, and CuO-CQD nanocomposites were prepared by a simple hydrothermal procedure analyzed by TEM, XRD, FTIR and Zeta potential

Thermal conductivity of soils is a key parameter in determining the heat transfer and temperature field in thermal engineering. This paper developed a thermal conductivity model of soils with a consideration of the thermo-hydro-deformation interaction during a freezing process. The model was proposed based on the concept of normalized thermal conductivity, and integrated the temperature, volumetric

Based on the established mechanism of membrane separation kinetics, it was determined that the intensity of movement of macromolecular terminal fragments that make up the membrane can be estimated in a matrix by using the coefficients of internal diffusion of monomers in the free volume of the matrix. An expression was developed for the porosity of the membrane by considering the specific porosity

In this experimental and numerical study, the heat transfer enhancement of heat sink using square micro-pin fins is investigated under forced convection. Micro pin fins of various height and spacing are considered in this analysis. Twenty five heat sinks are tested for three different heat load and Reynolds number range 4500 to 6500. The results show that the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of relative waviness (amplitude-to-wavelength ratio) on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of wavy minichannel array heat sinks. Hydrodynamically fully developed flows of de-ionized (DI) water, and 0.5% and 0.8% concentrations of Al2O3/water nanofluid were introduced into two heat sinks, each with an array of 15 rectangular

With the development of economy, the shortage of energy and environmental problems is increasingly prominent. Phase change energy storage technology can effectively solve the energy mismatch in space and time. Phase change cold storage materials are classified into organic materials, inorganic materials and composite materials, which usually have disadvantages such as high supercooling, severe phase

The utilization of low calorific gas contributes to the energy conservation and environment protection. In order to improve the utilization efficiency, a porous media burner combining the alumina pellets and ceramic foam was established. The effects of the pellets diameter and pore density of ceramic foam on the combustion characteristics were studied, and the burner starting was also investigated

Heat pipes provide highly efficient heat transfer and are powerful tools in thermal management systems. In contrast to most established systems, heat pipes operating within moving systems such as electric vehicles or machine tools are exposed to unsteady acceleration forces. In order to guarantee proper heat pipe function in scenarios involving accelerated movement, it is necessary to examine the effect

In this paper, based on the Li-Peterson pumping consumption-thermal resistance optimization model, a single-phase structure-optimized large-scale microchannel heat sink with each channel having 0.2 mm width and 0.8 mm height for extremely high heat flux cooling was proposed and investigated. Employing deionized water as coolant, two different heat source areas were designed and the results were compared

Conveyor belt dryers have been applied extensively in the drying process even though the problem of uneven drying along the dryer length exist. The general solution is to install an auxiliary device in the chamber to adjust the arrangement of air passages. A series of problems, however, are observed, such as occupying internal space and increasing flow resistance. A novel flow field improvement technology

In this work, the transient thermal performance and natural convection heat transfer from a passive thermal management system based on phase change material (PCM) filled heat sink (HS-PCM) was compared with heat sink without PCM (HS) using Differential Interferometry. n-Docosane was used as the PCM and its phase change characteristics were determined. The operational time of HS-PCM over HS improved

Power plants have their own corresponding designed coal types. However, in practice, typically in China, more than one types of coal are burnt in power plants for long term as the cost of transportation and limited reserves of coal needed to be considered. In this paper, a soft-measuring model is built to analyze coal quality. By running the online coal quality analysis program, coal type burning on

This paper describes the findings of a numerical and experimental study on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in micro-lattice blocks fabricated by selective laser metal melting and subjected to forced air convection. In particular, the influence of the unit-cell topology on the thermofluid performance of the lattice structure is examined in detail. In the present numerical study, five

The study of artificial ground freezing temperature field is a necessary means to grasp the development status of frozen walls. The effective freezing radius of the frozen soil column is usually calculated by the measured data of the temperature measuring hole, and then the intersecting time of the frozen walls is predicted. The location of the temperature measuring holes is random and the number of

The gas–liquid microreactors can be widely used in gas–liquid absorption, gas–liquid two-phase or gas–liquid-solid three-phase reaction process in the chemical industry. It is necessary to study the gas–liquid two-phase flow and bubble behavior in microchannels. The flow characteristics and the visualization images of gas–liquid two-phase flow in a vertical circular microchannel are studied using ERT

Solar Water Heating system ascertains to be potential technology that effectively converts solar energy to thermal energy. Utilizing nanofluid is one conventional method to ameliorate the heat performance of solar water heating system. This paper aims at presenting the energy and exergy analysis of solar water heating system with Compound Parabolic Collector using Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4)/Distilled Water

Aqueous suppression systems (i.e. fire sprinkler, water mist) have been extensively utilised for compartmental fire suppression due to their significant heat extraction ability. Nevertheless, challenges can be foreseen in suppressing water-reactive chemicals as a violent explosive reaction will be triggered, such as alkali metals (i.e. Na, Li) and alkali metal hydrides (i.e. LiH, LiAlH4). In this study

In this study, Kagome lattice structure (KLS) produced by 3D printer is used as a turbulator for a typical rectangular internal cooling channel at the trailing edge of turbine blade. The friction factor and bottom wall heat transfer coefficient of the channel filled with low thermal conductivity ABS plastic KLS are experimentally and numerically analyzed by changing the column diameter d/H = 0.1–0

Fouling is a problem that varies in space and time, but a fouling situation is commonly quantified using the integral thermal fouling resistance based on the integral heat balance and an area-averaged heat transfer assessment. However, current modeling does not take into consideration the local differences, such as constrictions, that can affect the integral fluid dynamic behavior. This work shows

Plate heat exchangers are widely used for two-phase heat transfer in the industrial applications, and recently more attention has been paid to the plate heat exchangers with enhanced surface due to their better heat transfer performance. In this paper, the local condensation heat transfer coefficients are studied using R134a in a micro-structured plate heat exchanger. In order to obtain a more accurate

The boiling flow and heat transfer performance of four different pin-fins in microchannels are investigated through visualization experiment research. Flow boiling visualization results have been conducted by using deionized water as working fluid with circulating under flow rates in the range of 0.25~9kg/h, with the inlet temperature as 30 ℃ and heating power as 126W. The experimental results show

When convection is thermal, there is no insolation, and water is fresh, the upward heat flux on the surface of a natural reservoir can be presented as the product of the root-mean-squire deviation (RMSD) of water-surface temperature from its mean in the power of 4/3 and a polynomial function of the Prandtl number, where the latter corresponds to the bulk water temperature. The error of measuring the

Investigations of flow boiling in highly viscous fluids show that heat transfer mechanisms in such fluids are different from those in fluids of low viscosity like refrigerants or water. To gain a better understanding, a modified standard apparatus was developed; it was specifically designed for fluids of high viscosity up to 1000 Pa∙s and enables heat transfer measurements with a single horizontal

Self-heating phenomenonrepresents thermal evolution in materials resulting from mechanical loading. It is presentlyinvestigated during fatigue tests at 20 kHz. The aim of this article is to compare the variation of temperature, in the range 20 to 80 ∘C, of a material body due to self-heating computed from an innovative point of view: requiring a covariant formulation of the thermomechanical behavior

Thermal conductivity of soils is significant on the thermal simulations in cold region engineering. Based on the generalized thermal conductivity for geotechnical materials, a thermal conductivity model for saline soil was proposed in this paper. At the micro level, the microstructure composition of sodium sulfate soils in the proposed model was redefined. Macroscopically, the variation of salt crystals

This paper deals with analysis of the influence of fuel injection pressure with ternary fuel (diesel + Mahua methyl ester + Pentanol) on the emission, combustion and performance characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder, common rail direct injection diesel engine working at a constant speed and varying operating scenarios. The usage of ternary fuel raised the NOx emission (12.46 %) value and

An experimental analysis is performed for a wide range of operating and device parameters to analyze artificial roughness effects on heat transfer and friction characteristics in solar air heater (SAH) ducts with inline and staggered cube-shaped roughness arranged on the absorber surface. In this investigation, cube shaped roughness elements are used to achieve superior characteristics of heat transfer

High-temperature baked sandstone is widely distributed in the north of Shaanxi, China. The lithology of these rocks has a significant impact on the mining of underground resources such as coal. To understand changes in its physical properties after heat treatment, yellow sandstone was heated for two hour at a constant temperature of 25, 800, 1000, 1100 or 1250 °C. Data on the glossiness, hardness and

Modeling of heat and mass transfer in liquid fuel combustion requires several material properties in a wide temperature and pressure range. The unavailable data are commonly patched with various estimation methods. In this paper, group contribution methods (GCM) and law of corresponding states (LCS) were analyzed for estimating material properties of n-alkanes (up to C10H22 and C12H26), 1-alcohols

In order to meet the demand of industrial production, an axial separator for oil-water separation is proposed. The separator uses the pattern of multi-stage separation, and it is divided into two chambers by two swirl impellers. The oil phase flows out through three Light Phase Outlet (LPO) at the center of the impeller hub, meanwhile the water phase flows out through Heavy Phase Outlet (HPO). An experimental

This study numerically presents the transient behaviour of complete evaporation process inside porous channel. Based on the modified enthalpy formulation under non-Darcy flow and Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) conditions, solutions have been obtained utilizing the finite volume method for various relevant parameters. The results have been validated with the experiments and they show good agreement

The current two-dimensional (2D) numerical study presents the melting phenomenon and heat transfer performance of the nanocomposite phase change material (NCPCM) based heat sink. Metallic nanoparticles (copper: Cu) of different volume fractions of 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 were dispersed in RT–28HC, used as a PCM. Transient simulations with conjugate heat transfer and melting/solidification schemes

Electric vehicles are gradually replacing some of the traditional fuel vehicles because of their characteristics in low pollution, energy-saving and environmental protection. In recent years, concerns over the explosion and combustion of batteries in electric vehicles are rising, and effective battery thermal management has become key point research. Phase change materials (PCM) can absorb or release

Low thermal conductivity is one of the major disadvantages that limit the practical application of energy storage materials. In this paper, the thermal physical properties and thermal conductivity of the composite phase change materials, in which the pentaerythritol is used as the matrix material and graphene/alumina as the thermal conductive fillers, is respectively investigated with experimental

Innovative drying technologies are frequently introduced to minimize various disadvantages of hot air dryers such as high energy consumption and low quality dried products. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ultrasound (40 kHz for 10, 20, and 30 min) and intermittent microwave (360, 600 and 900 W at pulse ratios of 1, 2, 3 and 4) on physical properties of carrot during low temperature

Pulsating heat pipes are a relatively newer generation of heat pipe which are wickless thus more economical and less fabrication-intensive. These devices are made of a capillary sized tube bent in a serpentine form to result in a closed system. In this study a single closed loop pulsating heat pipe made of 2 mm internal diameter copper tubing is experimentally investigated for two different bend radii

This paper presents the experimental-based performance evaluation of three different configurations of desiccant integrated direct/indirect evaporative cooling systems. These configurations include (1) Conventional desiccant cooling system with the direct evaporative cooler on process and regeneration sides (Configuration 1); (2) direct evaporative cooler on the process with indirect evaporative cooler

In this paper, the compound heat transfer of convection and radiation in an internal circulating fluidized bed for low temperature oxidation of pulverized coal was numerically simulated. The numerical prediction about the compound heat transfer characteristics and its relationship of convection and radiation was compared with the experimental measurements of low temperature radiation. The discrete

CNT based nanofluids have great potential in the field of heat transfer due to their higher thermal conductivity compared to other categories of nanofluids. However, their applicability to different flow conditions is unknown. The flow behaviour of MWCNT/water nanofluids was investigated in this study under a variety of conditions, including concentration, temperature, and shear stress (0–35 Pa). Non-Newtonian

A numerical study was carried out to explore the influence of triangular with concave edge shaped (TCES) upstream ramp on the film cooling effectiveness (FCE) and flow characteristics. The main objective of this study is to obtain the performance of the newly proposed upstream ramp on FCE and to establish that it provides better thermal protection by increasing the lateral diffusion of coolant on the

Silica (SiO2) aerogels are widely used in high-temperature insulation materials due to their low thermal conductivity. The hydrophobicity of SiO2 aerogels is considerably important for maintaining high-thermal insulation performance for a long duration. Traditional methods for the hydrophobic modification of SiO2 aerogels involve the modification of organic functional groups present on aerogel surfaces

The absorber plate surface modifications of a solar air heater (SAH) increase the convective heat transfer rate of the inlet air. Forced convection heat transfer of air in a SAH with a staggered arrangement of conical obstacles has been carried out experimentally and numerically at mass flow rates (0.04, 0.08, and 0.1 kg/s) under ambient conditions for the aim of to enhance the thermal efficiency and

This work presents a study on the evaporation of a volatile liquid droplet placed on a substrate and surrounded by air. We consider in this work the case of a pure liquid droplet (water, ethanol and butanol), and the case of a binary mixture droplet (water-ethanol and water-butanol). The aim of this work is to study the effect of the volatility of each component within a pure or binary droplet on the

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-021-03064-3

An implementation of a cooling structure using Two-Phase Loop Thermosiphons (TPLTs) to cool the shaft in a motorized spindle was developed and tested. For this purpose, a shaft with a cooling structure based on TPLTs was designed and tested at rotational speeds of 1000–2000 rpm and a heating power of 50–250 W. Subsequently, the temperature field distribution of a motorized spindle with TPLTs cooling

Performance of two kinds of energy storage methods used in the household refrigeration is investigated and analyzed. A Mixture of De-ionized water with Natural graphite (3 wt%) and Paraffin (OM–46) were considered for phase change material (PCM) in the evaporator side and the condenser side respectively. After thorough investigation through experimental verification it is inferred that this set up

Hydrate flow obstacles encountered during the exploitation of deep-water gas fields has received an increased attention. Based on the variations in the wellbore temperature of a deep-water gas well during the initial restarting period, and considering the interrelationship between the hydrate behavior and heat transfer, a prediction model for hydrate flow obstacle was established by comprehensively

The present work focusses on the comparative study of cooling performance of nano encapsulated phase change material (nanoPCM) based heat transfer fluid (PCM nanofluid) and deionized water in a minichannel heat sink (MCHS) with a hydraulic diameter of 2.6 mm. Polystyrene encapsulated n-Docosane was synthesised by mini emulsion polymerisation. The melting point and latent heat of nanoPCM was found to

A fully coupled model is proposed to investigate the influence of flow on electrochemical mass transfer at the interface between the electrolyte and an electrically conductive droplet. The electric current flows through the droplet, and consequently the droplet acts as both anode and cathode. Computations of flow, concentration of reactant, and electric current density fields were carried out. Various

During cooling, the array jet impact can achieve a rapid and uniform cooling of the high-temperature plate. Previous research results mostly focused on single-jet cooling of thin plates, but the complex flow and heat transfer characteristics between multiple jets could not be obtained. To clarify the heat transfer mechanisms and cooling speed fields characteristics in different flow regions, double

Anode influence on the electroplating system was investigated when natural convection heat transfer in a packed bed is simulated by mass transfer based on the analogy. The cathode to anode area ratio (Ac/Aa) was varied from 1 to 50. For three different anode positions of top and bottom of test section and corner of acryl tank, the distance of anode to cathode bed was varied: 0.01, 0.03, 0.07 m in all

In order to design the vertical falling film evaporators applied in the sewage source heat pump systems, a numerical study employing the VOF (Volume of Fluid) method has been carried out to determine the thickness and the wave behavior of falling liquid film outside a vertical tube. The effects of the annular gap, tube diameter, tube length, spray density, viscosity and surface tension are discussed

Particulate fouling on structured surfaces is typically quantified using the integral thermal or mass-based fouling resistance. The observed geometries may be structures that can improve the heat transfer in heat exchangers (e.g., dimples), cavities in components, or more complex geometries. However, due to limited accessibility or the requirement for a locally resolved measurement, the existing quantification

Numerical simulations were conducted to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the dimpled channel with a protrusion. The protrusion was located upstream of the dimple to enhance the flow mixing inside the dimpled channel. The height of the protrusion, h, and the diameter of the protrusion, d, are the variables considered in the present study. The ratio of the height to the diameter of