We propose a light-weight deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate the cosmological parameters from simulated 3-dimensional dark matter distributions with high accuracy. The training set is based on 465 realizations of a cubic box with a side length of 256 h−1 Mpc, sampled with 1283 particles interpolated over a cubic grid of 1283 voxels. These volumes have cosmological parameters varying

The Tianlai Cylinder Pathfinder is a radio interferometer array designed to test techniques for 21 cm intensity mapping in the post-reionization Universe, with the ultimate aim of mapping the large scale structure and measuring cosmological parameters such as the dark energy equation of state. Each of its three parallel cylinder reflectors is oriented in the north-south direction, and the array has

The long-range interaction between Rydberg-excited atoms endows a medium with large optical nonlinearity. Here, we demonstrate an optical switch to operate on a single photon from an entangled photon pair under a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency configuration. With the presence of the Rydberg blockade effect, we switch on a gate field to make the atomic medium nontransparent thereby

The search for high energy density materials (HEDMs) in polymeric nitrogen compounds has gained considerable attention. Previous theoretical predictions and experiments have revealed that metal ions can be used to stabilize the pentazolate (N −5 ) anion. In this work, by employing a machine learning-accelerated crystal structure searching method and first-principles calculations, we found that the

Evaporation of aqueous polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles droplets on silicon and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces was studied. Experimental results showed that softer PDMS surfaces yielded a longer constant contact radius (CCR) stage, which could be ascribed to surface deformation of PDMS induced by the vertical component of liquid-vapor interfacial tension. Ringlike depositions of nanoparticles with

Formation of the Hβ λ4861.34 Å line is an important topic related to the diagnosis of the basic configuration of magnetic fields in the solar and stellar chromospheres. Specifically, broadening of the Hβ λ4861.34 Å line occurs due to the magnetic and micro-electric fields in the solar atmosphere. The formation of Hβ in the model umbral atmosphere is presented based on the assumption of non-local thermodynamic

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) transmits information directly over a quantum channel. In addition to security in transmission, it avoids loopholes of key loss and prevents the eavesdropper from getting ciphertext. In this article, we propose a QSDC protocol using entangled photon pairs. This protocol differs from existing entanglement-based QSDC protocols because it does not perform Bell-state

We report a comprehensive neutron scattering study on the spin excitations in the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2 with a quasi-two-dimensional structure. Both in-plane and out-of-plane dispersions of the spin waves were revealed in the ferromagnetic state. Similarly, dispersive but damped spin excitations were found in the paramagnetic state. The effective exchange interactions were estimated using

The generation and manipulation of strong entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering in macroscopic systems are outstanding challenges in modern physics. Especially, the observation of asymmetric EPR steering is important for both its fundamental role in interpreting the nature of quantum mechanics and its application as resource for the tasks where the levels of trust at different parties

A new quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate material H3LiIr2O6 was synthesized recently and was found not to show any magnetic order or phase transition down to low temperatures. In this work, we study the quantum dynamics of the hydrogen ions, i.e., protons, in this material by combining first-principles calculations and theoretical analysis. We show that each proton and its adjacent oxygen ions form

We investigate the implication of trans-Planckian censorship conjecture (TCC) for the initial state of primordial perturbations. It is possible to set the state of perturbation modes in the infinite past as the Minkowski vacuum, only if the pre-inflationary era is past-complete. We calculate the evolution of the perturbation modes in such a pre-inflationary era and show that at the beginning of inflation

LaIrIn5 is a reference compound of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeIrIn5. The lack of f electrons in LaIrIn5 indicates that there should not be any f electron participating in the construction of its Fermi surface. Thus the electronic structure comparison between LaIrIn5 and CeIrIn5 provides a good platform to study the properties of f electrons. Here angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)

Nonreciprocal directional dichroism in multiferroics, namely magnetoelectric coupling in the dynamic regime, is endowed with rich physics and promising applications, which are entangled with fundamental physical components, such as spin, orbital, lattice, charge, and topology. Such a linear nonreciprocal response behavior in the GHz-THz frequency range, represented by optical magnetoelectric effect

It has been over 30 years since the concept of optical vortices was first proposed by Coullet et al. in 1989, and the field of structured beams has grown extremely. In the last two decades, partially coherent vortex beams (PCVBs) have received increasing interest in the fields of optical manipulation, optical communication, optical imaging, etc., and great progress has been made in the area of the

Single crystals subjected to shock compression exhibit responses with distinct two-wave structures for certain crystal orientations. However, little is known to date regarding how the shock response depends on crystal orientation, and especially why the two-wave structure depends on the crystal orientation. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of shock compressions in copper single crystals

We propose a simple quasi-continuous monolayer graphene structure and achieve a dynamically tunable triple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect in the proposed structure. Additional analyses indicate that the proposed structure contains a self-constructed bright-dark-dark mode system. A uniform theoretical model is introduced to investigate the spectral response characteristics and slow light-effects

In recent years, metasurfaces that enable the flexible wavefront modulation at sub-wavelength scale have been widely used into holographic display, due to its prominent advantages in polarization degrees of freedom, viewing angle, and achromaticity in comparison with traditional holographic devices. In holography, the computational complexity of hologram, imaging sharpness, energy utilization, reproduction

Monoclinic Ga2O3 (β-Ga2O3) is a promising material for achieving solar-blind photodetection because of its unique characteristics, including its high breakdown electric field, radiation hardness, thermal and chemical stabilities, and intrinsic visible/solar-blind properties. Until now, several studies have investigated the development of high-performance β-Ga2O3 solar-blind photodetectors. However

We provide a perspective review over the recent development of short-pulsed Raman fiber lasers (RFLs), which can provide laser emissions with flexible wavelengths for a variety of applications as well as an excellent platform to investigate various nonlinear pulse dynamics behaviors that cannot be captured in conventional rare-earth (RE) doped counterparts. Various pulse generation techniques have

The cooper pairs in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu2Si2 are formed of heavy fermions. Therefore, the heavy fermions are fundamental to the emergence of unconventional superconductivity and associated non-Fermi-liquid behavior in the normal state. The interplay between localization and itinerancy manifested on the electronic structure is key for understanding the heavyfermion behavior. Here, via

Applying a three-band model and the random phase approximation, we theoretically study the spin excitations in nickelate superconductors, which have been newly discovered. The spin excitations were found to be incommensurate in the low energy region. The spin resonance phenomenon emerged as the excitation energy increased. The intensity can be maximized at the incommensurate or commensurate momentum

Dynamo theory describes the magnetic field induced by the rotating, convecting and electrically conducting fluid in a celestial body. The classical ABC-flow model represents fast dynamo action, required to sustain such a magnetic field. In this letter, Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) in the ABC-flow are detected through Finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE). The flow skeleton is identified by

Magnetic Weyl semimetals (WSMs) with broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) hosting topological band structures are expected to provide an ideal platform for investigating topological superconductivity and spintronics. However, the experimental verification of magnetic WSMs is very challenging. Very recently, the kagome magnet Co3Sn2S2 was confirmed to be a magnetic WSM by both angle-resolved photoemission

Metasurfaces, which are planar arrays of subwavelength artificial structures, have emerged as excellent platforms for the integration and miniaturization of electromagnetic devices and provided ample possibilities for single-dimensional and multidimensional manipulations of electromagnetic waves. However, owing to the limited interactions between planar thin metallic nanostructures and electromagnetic

With its tremendous success in many machine learning and pattern recognition tasks, deep learning, as one type of data-driven models, has also led to many breakthroughs in other disciplines including physics, chemistry and material science. Nevertheless, the supremacy of deep learning over conventional optimization approaches heavily depends on the huge amount of data collected in advance to train

The study of topological semimetals hosting spin-1 Weyl points (WPs) beyond Dirac points and WPs has attracted a great deal of attention. However, a spin-1 Weyl semimetal that exclusively possesses spin-1 WPs in a clean frequency window without being shadowed by any other nodal points is yet to be discovered. This study reports a spin-1 Weyl semimetal in a phononic crystal. Its spin-1 WPs are touched

In this work, we study the local distinguishability of maximally entangled states (MESs). In particular, we are concerned with whether any fixed number of MESs can be locally distinguishable for sufficiently large dimensions. Fan and Tian et al. have already obtained two satisfactory results for the generalized Bell states (GBSs) and the qudit lattice states when applied to prime or prime power dimensions

In this work, by incorporating different electrodes (Ta/Ti) onto TaOx dielectric layer, we studied both the conductance reading and conductance updating (long term potentiation and depression) linearities in the two RRAM devices. Owing to the composition modulation (CM) mechanism, the Ta-electrode device shows better conductance reading and updating linearities. The RRAM device linearities directly

Efficient quantum circuits for arithmetic operations are vital for quantum algorithms. A fault-tolerant circuit is required for a robust quantum computing in the presence of noise. Quantum circuits based on Clifford+T gates are easily rendered fault-tolerant. Therefore, reducing the T-depth and T-Count without increasing the qubit number represents vital optimization goals for quantum circuits. In

Low-temperature specific heat (SH) is measured for the 12442-type KCa2Fe4As4F2 single crystal under different magnetic fields. A clear SH jump with the height of \(\Delta C/T|_{T_c}\) = 130 mJ moL−1 K−2 is observed at the superconducting transition temperature Tc. It is found that the electronic SH coefficient ∆γ(H) quickly increases when the field is in the low-field region below 3 T and then considerably

Using density functional calculations, we elucidate the interaction between magnons and phonons on Fe(001) and O/Fe(001) surfaces. The effective Heisenberg exchange parameters between neighbor sites (Ji) were derived by fitting the ab initio spin spiral dispersion relation to a classical Heisenberg model. In bulk Fe, J5b has a larger amplitude than J2b-J4b. Surface magnons were softer on the Fe(001)

We successfully fabricate high-entropy alloys and amorphous alloy composites by adopting the proposed ultrasonic vibration method. The low-stress, low-temperature method enables us to create composites that combine both amorphous and crystalline properties. Microscopic observations and computed tomography measurements indicate good bonding quality without pores or cracks in the composites. Due to the

In this work, HengYan Wang and Jian Pan contributed equally to this work. The annotation for the contribution was omitted in the original publication of this paper [1]. It can be conformed in the submitted PDF version of the manuscript. Hence, the sentence “HengYan Wang and Jian Pan contributed equally to this work.” should be added.

We theoretically investigate the optical second-order sideband generation (OSSG) in an optical parity-time (PT) symmetric system, which consists of a passive cavity trapping the atomic ensemble and an active cavity. Compared with the double-passive system, it is found that near the exceptional point (EP), the efficiency of the OSSG increases sharply not only for the blue probepump detuning resonant

Investigations into the phonon behavior provide important information on interactions between different excitations in quantum materials. We perform a detailed study of the phonon behavior in the topological insulator Sn-doped Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S using infrared spectroscopy. We observe two IR-active phonon modes at about 64 and 165 cm−1, which are labeled with α and β, respectively. While the evolution

We report a comparative investigation of the topographic features and nanomechanical responses of surface nanobubbles, polymeric nanodrops, and solid microparticles submerged in water and probed by atomic force microscopy in different operating modes. We show that these microscopic objects exhibit similar topographies, either hemispherical or hemiellipsoidal, in the standard tapping mode, and thus

In this work, (-2 0 1) β-Ga2O3 films are grown on GaN substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It is revealed that the β-Ga2O3 film grown on GaN possesses superior crystal quality, material homogeneity and surface morphology than the results of common heteroepitaxial β-Ga2O3 film based on sapphire substrate. Further, the relevance between the crystal quality of epitaxial β-Ga2O3

The Hubble constant H0 represents the expansion rate of the Universe at present and is closely related to the age of the Universe. The accurate measurement of Hubble constant is crucial for modern cosmology. However, different cosmological observations give diverse values of Hubble constant in literature. Up to now, there are two methods to measure the Hubble constant. One is to directly measure the

Recent studies on the electrical switching of tetragonal antiferromagnet (AFM) via Néel spin-orbit torque have paved the way for the economic use of antiferromagnetic materials. The most difficult obstacle that presently limits the application of antiferromagnetic materials in spintronics, especially in memory storage applications, could be the small and fragile magnetoresistance (MR) in the AFM-based

Nonradiative carrier recombinations at deep centers in semiconductors are of great importance for both fundamental physics and device engineering. In this article, we provide a revised analysis of Huang’s original nonradiative multi-phonon (NMP) theory with ab initio calculations. First, we confirmed at the first-principles level that Huang’s concise formula gives the same results as the matrix-based

Antiferromagnets (AFMs) with chiral noncollinear spin structure have attracted great attention in recent years. However, the existing research has mainly focused on hexagonal chiral AFMs, such as Mn3Sn, Mn3Ga, Mn3Ge with low crystalline symmetry. Here, we present our systematical study for the face-centered cubic noncollinear antiferromagnetic Mn3Pt. By varying the alloy composition (x), we have successfully

We investigate the impacts of dark energy on constraining massive (active/sterile) neutrinos in interacting dark energy (IDE) models by using the current observations. We employ two typical IDE models, the interacting w cold dark matter (IwCDM) model and the interacting holographic dark energy (IHDE) model, to make an analysis. To avoid large-scale instability, we use the parameterized post-Friedmann

The manufacturing of additives with projection micro litho stereo exposure (PµLSE) has provided an opportunity for the fabrication of metastructures with complex microstructures at micro-nano resolutions. However, the performance evaluation of as-fabricated metastructures is challenging. The benefit of synchrotron radiation-based 3D imaging techniques and advanced image processing methods makes it

Self-locked energy-absorbing systems have been proposed in previous studies to overcome the limitations associated with the round-tube systems because they can prevent the lateral splash of tubes from impact loadings without any constraints. In case of self-locked systems, the ellipse-shaped self-locked tube is considered to be an optimal design when compared with the ordinary circle-shaped self-locked

Controlling coal dust produced in the process of underground coal mining is imperative because it can cause serious health problems, such as pneumoconiosis. In the present work, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of the adhesion and peeling process of a coal molecule on graphene using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. First, we simulate the adhesion of a coal molecule on a graphene substrate

With the application of strain engineering in microelectronics, complex stress states are introduced into advanced semiconductor devices. However, there is still a lack of effective metrology for the decoupling analysis of the complex stress states in semiconductor materials. This paper presents an investigation on the 2-axis stress component decoupling of {100} monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) by using

As an alternative electrode material, transition metal oxides are promising candidates due to multivalent nature and oxygen vacancies present in the structure with facilitate redox reactions. The aim of this study is to explore the intrinsic mechanism of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) using two-dimensional thin film La1−xSrxCoO3 electrode as a model. Herein, we report a planar two-dimensional model

The myelination of axons was the last major evolution in the vertebrate nervous system. Myelin promotes the speed of action potential by two orders, and modulates the conduction of neurons, important for learning new skills. However, the intrinsic mechanism for high-speed information propagation in myelin in the nervous systems is still unclear. We propose that myelinated nerve fibres serve as dielectric

Topological crystalline insulator (TCI) is one of the symmetry-protected topological states. Any TCI can be deformed into a simple product state of several decoupled two-dimensional (2D) topologically nontrivial layers in its lattice respecting its crystalline symmetries called the layer construction (LC) limit. In this work, based on first-principles calculations we have revealed that both tetragonal

In this work, we study the effects of disorder on topological metals that support a pair of helical edge modes deeply embedded inside the gapless bulk states. Strikingly, we predict that a quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase can be obtained from such topological metals without opening a global band gap. To be specific, disorder can lead to a pair of robust helical edge states which is protected by an emergent

Voltage control of magnetism promises great energy efficiency in writing magnetic memory. Here, using Cr/Mo/CoFeB/MgO multilayers stable under high annealing temperatures up to 590°C, we significantly enhance the interfacial crystallinity, thereby the interface-originated perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA), and interface magnetoelectric (ME) effect

We explore the possibility of using a gigaparsec-scale local void to reconcile the Hubble tension. Such a gigaparsec-scale void can be produced by multi-stream inflation where different parts of the observable universe follow different inflationary trajectories. These trajectories become different parts of the observable universe after inflation, when these scales return to the horizon. If these trajectories

A magnetic impurity embedded in a Fermi sea is collectively screened by a cloud of conduction electrons to form a Kondo singlet below a characteristic energy scale TK, the Kondo temperature, through the mechanism of the Kondo effect. We have reinvestigated the Kondo singlet by means of the newly developed natural orbitals renormalization group (NORG) method. We find that, in the framework of natural

The inconsistent Hubble constant values derived from cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations and from local distance-ladder measurements may suggest new physics beyond the standard ACDM paradigm. It has been found in earlier studies that, at least phenomenologically, non-standard recombination histories can reduce the ≳ 4δ Hubble tension to ∼ 2δ. Following this path, we vary physical and phenomenological

We perform an extensive review of the numerous studies and methods used to determine the total mass of the Milky Way. We group the various studies into seven broad classes according to their modeling approaches. The classes include: i) estimating Galactic escape velocity using high velocity objects; ii) measuring the rotation curve through terminal and circular velocities; iii) modeling halo stars

We theoretically studied the thermoelectric transport properties of a strongly correlated quantum dot system in the presence of the Kondo effect based on accurate numerical evaluations using the hierarchical equations of motion approach. The thermocurrent versus gate voltage shows a distinct sawtooth line-shape at high temperatures. In particular, the current changes from positive (hole charge) to

Ferromagnetic-structural transformation has been studied widely in MnCoGe-based materials. However, the magnetostructural transition (MST) from antiferromagnetic (AFM) orthorhombic phase to ferromagnetic (FM) hexagonal phase, which may lead to a large inverse magnetocaloric effect (MCE), has rarely been reported. Here, the introduction of Mn vacancy lowers the structural transition temperature while

The pulse profiles of the Crab pulsar (as well as some other pulsars) vary with time. They can lead to a major source of intrinsic timing noise, which lacks a detailed physical model. The phase separation Δ between the first left peak (P1) and the second right peak (P2) is a key parameter that shows the variations of pulse profiles for the Crab pulsar. It was found that the evolution of A has a tendency

Nucleosynthesis is a complex process in astro-nuclear evolution. In this work, we constructed a directed, multi-layer, nuclear reaction network, using the substrate-product method from a thermonuclear reaction database, JINA REACLIB. The network contained four layers, namely n-, p-, h- and r-, which correspond to the types of reactions involved in neutrons, protons, 4He and the remaining atomic particles

Nanotwins form in many metallic materials to improve their strength and toughness. In this study, we thoroughly studied the alloying effects of 10 common metal and nonmetal elements on Cu nanotwins by density functional theory (DFT). We calculated the segregation energies to determine if Cu nanotwins attract both the metal and nonmetal alloying elements; these segregation energies were then decomposed