It has been over 30 years since the concept of optical vortices was first proposed by Coullet et al. in 1989, and the field of structured beams has grown extremely. In the last two decades, partially coherent vortex beams (PCVBs) have received increasing interest in the fields of optical manipulation, optical communication, optical imaging, etc., and great progress has been made in the area of the

Single crystals subjected to shock compression exhibit responses with distinct two-wave structures for certain crystal orientations. However, little is known to date regarding how the shock response depends on crystal orientation, and especially why the two-wave structure depends on the crystal orientation. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of shock compressions in copper single crystals

We propose a simple quasi-continuous monolayer graphene structure and achieve a dynamically tunable triple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect in the proposed structure. Additional analyses indicate that the proposed structure contains a self-constructed bright-dark-dark mode system. A uniform theoretical model is introduced to investigate the spectral response characteristics and slow light-effects

In recent years, metasurfaces that enable the flexible wavefront modulation at sub-wavelength scale have been widely used into holographic display, due to its prominent advantages in polarization degrees of freedom, viewing angle, and achromaticity in comparison with traditional holographic devices. In holography, the computational complexity of hologram, imaging sharpness, energy utilization, reproduction

Applying a three-band model and the random phase approximation, we theoretically study the spin excitations in nickelate superconductors, which have been newly discovered. The spin excitations were found to be incommensurate in the low energy region. The spin resonance phenomenon emerged as the excitation energy increased. The intensity can be maximized at the incommensurate or commensurate momentum

We provide a perspective review over the recent development of short-pulsed Raman fiber lasers (RFLs), which can provide laser emissions with flexible wavelengths for a variety of applications as well as an excellent platform to investigate various nonlinear pulse dynamics behaviors that cannot be captured in conventional rare-earth (RE) doped counterparts. Various pulse generation techniques have

The cooper pairs in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu2Si2 are formed of heavy fermions. Therefore, the heavy fermions are fundamental to the emergence of unconventional superconductivity and associated non-Fermi-liquid behavior in the normal state. The interplay between localization and itinerancy manifested on the electronic structure is key for understanding the heavyfermion behavior. Here, via

Dynamo theory describes the magnetic field induced by the rotating, convecting and electrically conducting fluid in a celestial body. The classical ABC-flow model represents fast dynamo action, required to sustain such a magnetic field. In this letter, Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) in the ABC-flow are detected through Finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE). The flow skeleton is identified by

Magnetic Weyl semimetals (WSMs) with broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) hosting topological band structures are expected to provide an ideal platform for investigating topological superconductivity and spintronics. However, the experimental verification of magnetic WSMs is very challenging. Very recently, the kagome magnet Co3Sn2S2 was confirmed to be a magnetic WSM by both angle-resolved photoemission

Metasurfaces, which are planar arrays of subwavelength artificial structures, have emerged as excellent platforms for the integration and miniaturization of electromagnetic devices and provided ample possibilities for single-dimensional and multidimensional manipulations of electromagnetic waves. However, owing to the limited interactions between planar thin metallic nanostructures and electromagnetic

With its tremendous success in many machine learning and pattern recognition tasks, deep learning, as one type of data-driven models, has also led to many breakthroughs in other disciplines including physics, chemistry and material science. Nevertheless, the supremacy of deep learning over conventional optimization approaches heavily depends on the huge amount of data collected in advance to train

The study of topological semimetals hosting spin-1 Weyl points (WPs) beyond Dirac points and WPs has attracted a great deal of attention. However, a spin-1 Weyl semimetal that exclusively possesses spin-1 WPs in a clean frequency window without being shadowed by any other nodal points is yet to be discovered. This study reports a spin-1 Weyl semimetal in a phononic crystal. Its spin-1 WPs are touched

In this work, we study the local distinguishability of maximally entangled states (MESs). In particular, we are concerned with whether any fixed number of MESs can be locally distinguishable for sufficiently large dimensions. Fan and Tian et al. have already obtained two satisfactory results for the generalized Bell states (GBSs) and the qudit lattice states when applied to prime or prime power dimensions

In this work, by incorporating different electrodes (Ta/Ti) onto TaOx dielectric layer, we studied both the conductance reading and conductance updating (long term potentiation and depression) linearities in the two RRAM devices. Owing to the composition modulation (CM) mechanism, the Ta-electrode device shows better conductance reading and updating linearities. The RRAM device linearities directly

Efficient quantum circuits for arithmetic operations are vital for quantum algorithms. A fault-tolerant circuit is required for a robust quantum computing in the presence of noise. Quantum circuits based on Clifford+T gates are easily rendered fault-tolerant. Therefore, reducing the T-depth and T-Count without increasing the qubit number represents vital optimization goals for quantum circuits. In

Low-temperature specific heat (SH) is measured for the 12442-type KCa2Fe4As4F2 single crystal under different magnetic fields. A clear SH jump with the height of \(\Delta C/T|_{T_c}\) = 130 mJ moL−1 K−2 is observed at the superconducting transition temperature Tc. It is found that the electronic SH coefficient ∆γ(H) quickly increases when the field is in the low-field region below 3 T and then considerably

Using density functional calculations, we elucidate the interaction between magnons and phonons on Fe(001) and O/Fe(001) surfaces. The effective Heisenberg exchange parameters between neighbor sites (Ji) were derived by fitting the ab initio spin spiral dispersion relation to a classical Heisenberg model. In bulk Fe, J5b has a larger amplitude than J2b-J4b. Surface magnons were softer on the Fe(001)

We successfully fabricate high-entropy alloys and amorphous alloy composites by adopting the proposed ultrasonic vibration method. The low-stress, low-temperature method enables us to create composites that combine both amorphous and crystalline properties. Microscopic observations and computed tomography measurements indicate good bonding quality without pores or cracks in the composites. Due to the

In this work, HengYan Wang and Jian Pan contributed equally to this work. The annotation for the contribution was omitted in the original publication of this paper [1]. It can be conformed in the submitted PDF version of the manuscript. Hence, the sentence “HengYan Wang and Jian Pan contributed equally to this work.” should be added.

We theoretically investigate the optical second-order sideband generation (OSSG) in an optical parity-time (PT) symmetric system, which consists of a passive cavity trapping the atomic ensemble and an active cavity. Compared with the double-passive system, it is found that near the exceptional point (EP), the efficiency of the OSSG increases sharply not only for the blue probepump detuning resonant

Investigations into the phonon behavior provide important information on interactions between different excitations in quantum materials. We perform a detailed study of the phonon behavior in the topological insulator Sn-doped Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S using infrared spectroscopy. We observe two IR-active phonon modes at about 64 and 165 cm−1, which are labeled with α and β, respectively. While the evolution

We report a comparative investigation of the topographic features and nanomechanical responses of surface nanobubbles, polymeric nanodrops, and solid microparticles submerged in water and probed by atomic force microscopy in different operating modes. We show that these microscopic objects exhibit similar topographies, either hemispherical or hemiellipsoidal, in the standard tapping mode, and thus

In this work, (-2 0 1) β-Ga2O3 films are grown on GaN substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It is revealed that the β-Ga2O3 film grown on GaN possesses superior crystal quality, material homogeneity and surface morphology than the results of common heteroepitaxial β-Ga2O3 film based on sapphire substrate. Further, the relevance between the crystal quality of epitaxial β-Ga2O3

The Hubble constant H0 represents the expansion rate of the Universe at present and is closely related to the age of the Universe. The accurate measurement of Hubble constant is crucial for modern cosmology. However, different cosmological observations give diverse values of Hubble constant in literature. Up to now, there are two methods to measure the Hubble constant. One is to directly measure the

Recent studies on the electrical switching of tetragonal antiferromagnet (AFM) via Néel spin-orbit torque have paved the way for the economic use of antiferromagnetic materials. The most difficult obstacle that presently limits the application of antiferromagnetic materials in spintronics, especially in memory storage applications, could be the small and fragile magnetoresistance (MR) in the AFM-based

Nonradiative carrier recombinations at deep centers in semiconductors are of great importance for both fundamental physics and device engineering. In this article, we provide a revised analysis of Huang’s original nonradiative multi-phonon (NMP) theory with ab initio calculations. First, we confirmed at the first-principles level that Huang’s concise formula gives the same results as the matrix-based

Antiferromagnets (AFMs) with chiral noncollinear spin structure have attracted great attention in recent years. However, the existing research has mainly focused on hexagonal chiral AFMs, such as Mn3Sn, Mn3Ga, Mn3Ge with low crystalline symmetry. Here, we present our systematical study for the face-centered cubic noncollinear antiferromagnetic Mn3Pt. By varying the alloy composition (x), we have successfully

The manufacturing of additives with projection micro litho stereo exposure (PµLSE) has provided an opportunity for the fabrication of metastructures with complex microstructures at micro-nano resolutions. However, the performance evaluation of as-fabricated metastructures is challenging. The benefit of synchrotron radiation-based 3D imaging techniques and advanced image processing methods makes it

Self-locked energy-absorbing systems have been proposed in previous studies to overcome the limitations associated with the round-tube systems because they can prevent the lateral splash of tubes from impact loadings without any constraints. In case of self-locked systems, the ellipse-shaped self-locked tube is considered to be an optimal design when compared with the ordinary circle-shaped self-locked

Controlling coal dust produced in the process of underground coal mining is imperative because it can cause serious health problems, such as pneumoconiosis. In the present work, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of the adhesion and peeling process of a coal molecule on graphene using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. First, we simulate the adhesion of a coal molecule on a graphene substrate

With the application of strain engineering in microelectronics, complex stress states are introduced into advanced semiconductor devices. However, there is still a lack of effective metrology for the decoupling analysis of the complex stress states in semiconductor materials. This paper presents an investigation on the 2-axis stress component decoupling of {100} monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) by using

As an alternative electrode material, transition metal oxides are promising candidates due to multivalent nature and oxygen vacancies present in the structure with facilitate redox reactions. The aim of this study is to explore the intrinsic mechanism of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) using two-dimensional thin film La1−xSrxCoO3 electrode as a model. Herein, we report a planar two-dimensional model

The myelination of axons was the last major evolution in the vertebrate nervous system. Myelin promotes the speed of action potential by two orders, and modulates the conduction of neurons, important for learning new skills. However, the intrinsic mechanism for high-speed information propagation in myelin in the nervous systems is still unclear. We propose that myelinated nerve fibres serve as dielectric

Topological crystalline insulator (TCI) is one of the symmetry-protected topological states. Any TCI can be deformed into a simple product state of several decoupled two-dimensional (2D) topologically nontrivial layers in its lattice respecting its crystalline symmetries called the layer construction (LC) limit. In this work, based on first-principles calculations we have revealed that both tetragonal

In this work, we study the effects of disorder on topological metals that support a pair of helical edge modes deeply embedded inside the gapless bulk states. Strikingly, we predict that a quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase can be obtained from such topological metals without opening a global band gap. To be specific, disorder can lead to a pair of robust helical edge states which is protected by an emergent

Voltage control of magnetism promises great energy efficiency in writing magnetic memory. Here, using Cr/Mo/CoFeB/MgO multilayers stable under high annealing temperatures up to 590°C, we significantly enhance the interfacial crystallinity, thereby the interface-originated perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA), and interface magnetoelectric (ME) effect

We explore the possibility of using a gigaparsec-scale local void to reconcile the Hubble tension. Such a gigaparsec-scale void can be produced by multi-stream inflation where different parts of the observable universe follow different inflationary trajectories. These trajectories become different parts of the observable universe after inflation, when these scales return to the horizon. If these trajectories

A magnetic impurity embedded in a Fermi sea is collectively screened by a cloud of conduction electrons to form a Kondo singlet below a characteristic energy scale TK, the Kondo temperature, through the mechanism of the Kondo effect. We have reinvestigated the Kondo singlet by means of the newly developed natural orbitals renormalization group (NORG) method. We find that, in the framework of natural

The inconsistent Hubble constant values derived from cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations and from local distance-ladder measurements may suggest new physics beyond the standard ACDM paradigm. It has been found in earlier studies that, at least phenomenologically, non-standard recombination histories can reduce the ≳ 4δ Hubble tension to ∼ 2δ. Following this path, we vary physical and phenomenological

We perform an extensive review of the numerous studies and methods used to determine the total mass of the Milky Way. We group the various studies into seven broad classes according to their modeling approaches. The classes include: i) estimating Galactic escape velocity using high velocity objects; ii) measuring the rotation curve through terminal and circular velocities; iii) modeling halo stars

We theoretically studied the thermoelectric transport properties of a strongly correlated quantum dot system in the presence of the Kondo effect based on accurate numerical evaluations using the hierarchical equations of motion approach. The thermocurrent versus gate voltage shows a distinct sawtooth line-shape at high temperatures. In particular, the current changes from positive (hole charge) to

Ferromagnetic-structural transformation has been studied widely in MnCoGe-based materials. However, the magnetostructural transition (MST) from antiferromagnetic (AFM) orthorhombic phase to ferromagnetic (FM) hexagonal phase, which may lead to a large inverse magnetocaloric effect (MCE), has rarely been reported. Here, the introduction of Mn vacancy lowers the structural transition temperature while

The pulse profiles of the Crab pulsar (as well as some other pulsars) vary with time. They can lead to a major source of intrinsic timing noise, which lacks a detailed physical model. The phase separation Δ between the first left peak (P1) and the second right peak (P2) is a key parameter that shows the variations of pulse profiles for the Crab pulsar. It was found that the evolution of A has a tendency

Nucleosynthesis is a complex process in astro-nuclear evolution. In this work, we constructed a directed, multi-layer, nuclear reaction network, using the substrate-product method from a thermonuclear reaction database, JINA REACLIB. The network contained four layers, namely n-, p-, h- and r-, which correspond to the types of reactions involved in neutrons, protons, 4He and the remaining atomic particles

In this study, we investigated the micromagnetic dynamics of kπ-state skyrmions in a magnetic nanodot under a circular spin-polarized current and found an excited spin wave that can propagate persistently along the direction of the radius toward the center. This dynamic process is associated with two energetically favorable states in an oscillating period of spin waves. In this case, the spin-polarized

The relaxation kinetics and phase transformations of the confined D-mannitol (DM) in nanoporous alumina are studied in-situ using a high-precision nano-calorimeter. We find that the crystallization behavior can be suppressed when it is confined in nanopores smaller than 50 nm. The confined DM glass has a much smaller fragility (~76) than free DM glass (~125), confirming the enhanced glass-forming ability

β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs are demonstrated on heterogeneous Ga2O3-Al2O3-Si (GaOISi) substrate fabricated by ion-cutting process. Enhancement (E)- and depletion (D)-mode β-Ga2O3 transistors are realized on by varying the channel thickness (Tch). E-mode GaOISi transistor with a Tch of 15 nm achieves a high threshold voltage VTH of ∼8 V. With the same T increase, GaOISi transistors demonstrate more stable ON-current

We investigate what role the SKA neutral hydrogen (HI) intensity mapping (IM) and galaxy sky surveys will play in weighing neutrinos in cosmology. We use the simulated data of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from the HI surveys based on SKA1 (IM) and SKA2 (galaxy) to do the analysis. For the current observations, we use the Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies

Non-Hermitian systems can exhibit exotic topological and localization properties. Here we elucidate the non-Hermitian effects on disordered topological systems using a nonreciprocal disordered Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. We show that the non-Hermiticity can enhance the topological phase against disorders by increasing bulk gaps. Moreover, we uncover a topological phase which emerges under both moderate

To test the standard model (SM) precisely and to look for the clues deviating from SM, a proposal for determining the effective electro-weak mixing angles sin2 θfeff (particularly f = lept, c, b) is proposed. It is via observing the asymmetries (the forward-backward one AFB, the left-right one ALR and the combined left-right forward-backward one AFBLR) of the doubly heavy-flavored hadrons in the production

Compared with the moving concentrated load model, it is more realistic and proper to use the moving distributed mass and load model to simulate the dynamics of a train moving along a railway track. In the problem of a moving concentrated load, there is only one critical velocity, which divides the load moving velocity into two categories: subcritical and supercritical. The locus of a concentrated load

Particular types of plankton in aquatic ecosystems can coordinate their motion depending on the local flow environment to reach regions conducive to their growth or reproduction. Investigating their swimming strategies with regard to the local environment is important to obtain in-depth understanding of their behavior in the aquatic environment. In the present research, to examine an impact of the

We consider possible high temperature superconductivity (high-Tc) in transition metal compounds with a cubic zinc-blende lattice structure. When the electron filling configuration in the d-shell is close to d7, all three t2g orbitals are near half filling with strong nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic (AFM) superexchange interactions. We argue that upon doping, this electronic environment can be one

There is growing interest in revealing exotic properties of collective spin excitations in kagome-lattice ferromagnets such as magnon Hall effects, topological magnon insulators, and flat magnon bands. Using the well-established nearest-neighbor Heisenberg ferromagnet model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), in this study we uncover intriguing new aspects in the selectivity and topology

Heat-bath algorithmic cooling (HBAC) has been proven to be a powerful and effective method for obtaining high polarization of the target system. Its cooling upper bound has been recently found using a specific algorithm, the partner pairing algorithm (PPA-HBAC). It has been shown that by including cross-relaxation, it is possible to surpass the cooling bounds. Herein, by combining cross-relaxation

Energetic materials are solids that release a large amount of energy in combustion. The evaluation depends on both combustion heat and ignition temperature. Conventional non-metallic materials have low ignition temperature but small combustion heat, whereas metals have large combustion heat but high ignition temperatures. We show that many metallic glasses, combining the merits of both metals and non-metals

The Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation has been considered as one of the hallmarks of dynamics in liquids. It describes that the diffusion constant D is proportional to (τ/T)−1, where τ is the structural relaxation time and T is the temperature. In many glass-forming liquids, the breakdown of SE relation often occurred when the dynamics of the liquids becomes glassy, and its origin is still debated among

An intelligent solution method is proposed to achieve real-time optimal control for continuous-time nonlinear systems using a novel identifier-actor-optimizer (IAO) policy learning architecture. In this IAO-based policy learning approach, a dynamical identifier is developed to approximate the unknown part of system dynamics using deep neural networks (DNNs). Then, an indirect-method-based optimizer

Excellent thermoelectric performance in molecular junctions requires a high power factor, a low thermal conductance, and a maximum figure of merit (ZT) near the Fermi level. In the present work, we used density functional theory in combination with a nonequilibrium Green’s function to investigate the thermoelectric performance of carbon chain-graphene junctions with both strong-coupling and weak-coupling

There have been overwhelming observations of piezo-/ferroelectric phenomena in many biological tissues and macromolecules, boosting the development of bio-based smart devices and the applications using electromechanical coupling phenomena in biological systems. The electromechanical coupling is believed to be responsible for various biophysical behaviors and remarkable biomaterial properties. Despite