AbstractLuminescence and excitation spectra are analyzed along with the kinetics of luminescence decay for aluminoborosilicate glasses containing rare earth (Sm, Eu and Ce) oxides. It is found that the measured spectra depend on the moment of experimental registration, the wavelength of excitation, and the concentration of rare earth activators. Variations in spectra are associated with differences

AbstractA review is performed of theoretical ways of studying the molecular structure of liquids and amorphous solids, including transitions from one state to another. The literature data show there is no analytical solution to integral equations for partial distribution functions to describe the surface amorphization of a melt. An equation is proposed for analytically solving a system of hard spheres

AbstractAn analysis of the current strategy of the nano-magnetomechanical actuation of biochemical systems by utilizing the concept of straintronics for nanomedicine is performed. Such systems use magnetic nanoparticles controlled by nonheating low-frequency magnetic field. Theoretical models of targeted strain nanoactuation of biomolecular systems and recent experimental results are considered.

AbstractA new thermographic express technique for determining the thermal diffusivity of transparent materials and optical components is described, and results from testing it on glasses and polymeric materials are presented. An algorithm for deriving the thermal diffusivity coefficient from the raw data eliminates the need to determine the absolute temperatures and absorbed energy of the incident

AbstractA neutron diffraction study of the effect metal additives have on phase transformations at high temperatures and pressures in C60 fullerene in the amorphous state and in the form of a face-centered cubic structure. It is found that introducing metals into crystalline C60 fullerene considerably raises the temperature of its transformation into disoriented graphite. No such effect is observed

AbstractFullerene-like copper microparticles are obtained for the first time. They have six axes of 5-fold symmetry and 60 tips; they are covered with 32 facets in the form of hexagons and pentagons. Also these microparticles have partial disclinations and have a large elastic energy stored in the bulk. Heterogeneous structure of the particles is investigated. A disclination model of their structure

AbstractAn investigation is performed of the effect the high-energy ball milling (mechanical alloying, MA) of a mixture of iron and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powders at a component weight ratio of Fe : BN = 1 has on the phase composition and magnetic properties of the synthesized material. High-energy ball milling with subsequent annealing of the MA powder at 600°C is shown to alter its phase

AbstractThe kinetics of photoconductivity excitation in pyrolytic CdZnS films is studied. It is established that the time dependences of the photocurrent in the investigated structures are of an explosion character. To explain these features, a model is proposed that considers the centers of localization for which the charge carrier capture cross section is functionally related to the optical modulation

AbstractAn analysis is performed of the effect deformation and thermal treatment have on the structural phase state and mechanical properties of promising sparingly alloyed Fe–10Mn–0.2C medium manganese steel. The range of temperatures of the two-phase region with a high volume content of the austenite phase is determined.

AbstractA study is performed of the processes that occur during the interaction between the planetary atmosphere of Gliese 436 b and the incoming plasma wind and ionizing radiation of the parent star. The approximate values of the speed and density of the star’s plasma wind are determined based on a comparison of the results from numerical modeling using a self-consistent 3D magnetohydrodynamic model

AbstractEnergy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is used to obtain concentration curves and calculate the coefficients of bulk and grain boundary diffusion in copper–tin solid solutions at tin concentrations of less than 13.9 wt % in the temperature range of 500 to 650°C. A qualitative explanation of the results is proposed.

AbstractThe channeling of kilovolt electrons passing through an isotropic micellar solution of a surfactant is used to study the effect weak magnetic field pulses have on short-range order in the arrangement of molecular associates. It is found that magnetic pulse treatment of this solution results in the short-range order of micellar structures. The results demonstrate the possibility of using the

AbstractNumerical modeling of thermal fields in ribbon amorphous alloys of Co–Fe–Cr–Si–B, Fe–Ni–B, and Ti–Ni–Cu systems under pulsed UV laser radiation is performed to optimize the technological conditions of laser treatment and create new composites with managed sets of properties.

AbstractThe limiting mode of the generation of low-frequency torsional whistlers is obtained for the first time. Laser plasma clouds create only weak whistlers in a weakly magnetized laboratory plasma (argon), allowing the whistler magnetic field to reach record values of ~25% of the background magnetic field.

The paper presents the results of YAG:Ce phosphors luminescence under excitation in 4.0–6.2 eV excitation region by excilamp radiation. It is shown that excitation in the UV region leads to the appearance of bands at 320 and 370 nm. The ratio of the bands at 320, 370, and 560 nm depends on the excitation wavelength. It is assumed that the excitation energy is absorbed by nanodefects and transferred

AbstractResults are presented from studying the role of material heating as defects form under conditions of the multiple filamentation of repeated laser pulses in lithium fluoride crystals. A way of monitoring local heating at the sites of light filament transmission is proposed, based on an analysis of the ratio of intensities of absorption bands of simple and aggregate color centers in the spectra

AbstractRadiation spectrum broadening upon the generation of the second harmonic in nonlinear crystal is studied. Spectrum broadening is ensured in one or two nonlinear KDP crystals detuned by the phase matching angle or with chirped pulses of pump radiation. Possibility of the spectrum width doubling of the second harmonic is shown.

AbstractIR laser radiation of XeI atoms in the range of 1700–2050 nm is obtained for the first time upon the pumping of xenon and mixtures of it with helium and argon by a pulsed longitudinal induction discharge. The spectrum of generation consists of two lines with wavelengths of 1733 nm and 2026 nm. The half-amplitude duration of the optical radiation is 60 ± 2 ns (FWHM).

AbstractThe optical properties and hardness of GaSe, GaSe:Al, GaSe:S:Al, and GaSe:Al:O crystals are studied to create effective terahertz radiation generators. Doped crystals differ from pure GaSe in high mechanical and optical properties at a optimum doping level. Oxygen doping allows wide ranging changes in birefringence in the terahertz range.

AbstractResults are presented from studying the reconstruction of dispersed phase dynamics based on an analysis of a holographic image obtained with a mirror photochronograph and the volume distribution of particles via layer-by-layer reconstruction of the considered volume.

AbstractExperimental studies of the physical processes and parameters of radiation and plasma in the region of filamentation upon the axisymmetric and aberrational propagation of pump laser radiation with femtosecond pulse duration in air are performed. Conditions for the formation of the highly directional radiation of a white light supercontinuum are described.

AbstractAn experimental study is performed of the collisionless interaction of plasma flows using spectral diagnostics. A monochromator with registration by a photo-electron multiplier (PMT) and a charge-coupled device (CCD) allows detection of ion acceleration as a laser plasma expands into a magnetized background plasma. The laser plasma ions show deceleration, the magnitude of which depends on the

AbstractA mechanoluminescent layer of a composite material based on a polymer of polymethyl methacrylate and a fine powder of phosphor SrAl2O4:(Eu2+,Dy3+) on the surface of polymethyl methacrylate is obtained. The mechanoluminescence of the composite layer under the action of short acoustic pulses and a mechanical impactor is studied. It is shown the composite layer has high efficiency of the mechanical-to-optical

AbstractA 4.5 mJ energy of generation at a half-amplitude duration of 7 ± 1 ns (FWHM) with a pulse peak power of more than 600 kW is obtained for the first time with nitrogen pumped by a pulsed induction discharge. Laser generation is achieved in the form of a ring with a diameter of around 20 mm and a width of around 2 mm at wavelengths of 337.1 and 357.7 nm.

AbstractYAG:Ce ceramics are synthesized from charges of stoichiometrical composition in the field of a powerful stream of high-energy electrons. The structure of the resulting ceramics is characteristic of YAG:Се, and intense luminescence of the ceramics is observed upon UV excitation by chips at 460 nm. High-temperature annealing alters the color of the ceramics.

AbstractAn analytical matrix method is proposed for the mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer caused by the interaction between broad electron beams and planar semiconductor multilayers. Some possibilities of using this approach to estimating the excess minority carrier distributions in planar semiconductor multilayers are discussed. It is shown that the proposed matrix method allows calculation

AbstractThree-dimensional optical connectors for connecting planar waveguides made of silicon are created via direct laser writing. The morphology and optical properties of the resulting structures are compared. Hybrid three-dimensional optical connectors can be used to transmit the light from effective sources of single photons based on colloidal quantum dots and substituted nitrogen and silicon vacancies

AbstractThe possibility is considered of increasing the efficiency of a parametric antenna when exciting acoustic modes in a shallow marine waveguide. It is shown that the complete compression of acoustic signals propagating in the shelf sea can be achieved with a corresponding increase in their intensity if a special mode of frequency modulation is selected. Results are presented from an experimental

AbstractResults are prevented from studying the propagation and refraction patterns of bulk acoustic waves in acousto-optic crystals. The strong anisotropy of the elastic properties of the considered materials is responsible for new effects that cannot be achieved in isotropic media. Ways of using the acoustic anisotropy of crystals in acousto-optic devices are discussed, along with the advantages

AbstractA comparison is made of the ion-induced corrugation of the shell of carbon fibers reinforcing a KUP-VM composite upon high-fluence irradiation with \({\text{N}}_{2}^{ + }\) and Ar+ ions with an energies of 10 to 30 keV at temperatures ranging from 100 to 600°C. Irradiation with noble gas ions is better for simulation of the neutron irradiation of graphite materials. Irradiation with nitrogen

AbstractThe transfer of energy from bombarding \({{{\text{K}}}^{ + }}\) and \({\text{A}}{{{\text{r}}}^{ + }}\)ions ( = 10–100 eV) to vanadium atoms is studied via molecular dynamics using the Vs potential. The threshold energy of vanadium sputtering is determined, and a numerical way of determining the thresholds of sputtering for solids is proposed.

AbstractResults from an field experiment on the registration of induced seismoacoustic waves under conditions of ice are discussed. A surface measuring system whose separate elements are autonomous low-frequency geohydroacoustic buoys is used in the experiment. Data from continuous measurements of ambient noise are analyzed to study the possibility of using passive seismoacoustic methods for reconstructing

AbstractThe possibility of using lasers for non-contact vibration measurements has been known since the mid-60s. This work describes the development of some applied areas: the use of laser vibrometry in near-field acoustic holography, verification of numerical models of vibrations of complex structures, and vibration flaw detection.

AbstractThe retention of deuterium in tungsten preliminarily irradiated with helium ions is investigated by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). Preliminary irradiation is performed with a He+ ion beam having an energy of 3 keV and fluence ranging in the interval 1019–1021 He m−2, in order to produce a defect structure typical of different degrees of damage. The specimens are then irradiated

AbstractHigh-resolution ultrasonic imaging techniques are necessary for the non-invasive diagnostics of artificial cell-matrix systems. The results from experimental studies show these techniques are sensitive to variations in the elastic properties of biopolymer samples and can be used effectively to detect micro and macro voids and monitor processes of biodegradation in tissue-engineered constructs

AbstractControlling the thickness of thin layers of lithium when they are deposited on plasma-facing elements is an important task in the field of plasma-surface interaction in fusion devices. It is shown the keV‑energy proton scattering spectroscopy can be used for this purpose. The sensitivity of technique to chemical reactions on a surface is demonstrated, and estimates of the charge state of hydrogen

AbstractThe effect a magnetic field has on the parameters of ultrasonic vibrations during laser excitation in magnetostrictive materials is studied. Dimensional effects and quasi-resonant dependence of the intensity of the acoustic response on the magnetic field strength are observed in films of iron–yttrium garnet. The effect domains and domain boundaries in manganese–zinc spinel plates and polycrystalline

AbstractA study is made of the effect the aperture and the number of electrode pairs of an interdigital transducer (IDT) have on the characteristics of acoustic signals A1 and SH1 excited in a LiNbO3YX-plate. The obtained dependences of signal intensity on the experimental parameters demonstrate the possibility of miniaturizing integrated sensors consisting of a array of sensors based on delay lines

AbstractResults are presented from an experimental study of the propagation of acoustic pulses on the shallow marine shelf of the Black Sea and a coastal wedge. Signals associated with bathymetric refraction are analyzed. Short-period signal fluctuations on a Black Sea coastal wedge along stationary acoustic tracks with a mean bottom slope of ~25° are studied. The spectra and characteristic periods

AbstractThe electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is studied via X-ray diffractometry and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. It is shown this process allows graphite particles to be obtained with virtually half the normal crystallite size, and thus the number of graphene layers in them. The effect the parameters of exfoliation have on the chemical composition of the resulting graphite particles

AbstractA simple way of estimating the probability of helium ions He+ surviving when reflected from different metal surfaces is described that employs modeling with the SCATTER and TRIM binary collision codes. The probability of reflected helium ions surviving is estimated from their energy spectra, in the form of the ratio of their areas. The dependences of the probability of He+ ions reflected from

AbstractFeatures of the tomography of the marine crust are described, based on the use of coastal laser strainmeters and broadband low-frequency underwater acoustic projectors. This approach is useful in studying the structure and composition of the marine crust in shelf areas, including ones covered with ice without destroying it. Numerous experimental studies have established that at sea depths equal

AbstractThe possibility is demonstrated of considerably expanding the range of working frequencies of a linear hydroacoustic antenna array by positioning the receiving elements non-equidistantly. The characteristics of an antenna array modeled with allowance for practical limitations are discussed. The results from processing experimental data are presented that show the effectiveness of the proposed

AbstractThe results from studies of the differential cross section of elastic deuteron–proton scattering at 500–1000 MeV/nucleon on the Nuclotron Internal Targets Station are presented and compared to the available experimental data for similar energies, and to the results of theoretical calculations in the theory of relativistic multiple scattering.

AbstractPhysical and mathematical principles of an innovative holographic way of processing hydroacoustic information are presented. The results from testing the proposed technique are demonstrated using data from field and computational experiments on problems of localizing and resolving noise sources, underwater acoustic communications, and the diagnostics of hydrodynamic perturbations of the oceanic

AbstractMolecular dynamics modeling of collisions of argon atoms with energies are 10 to 100 eV with the graphite and pyrocarbon surfaces is performed. The structure of the occurred damages is analyzed. It is shown that bombardment with argon atoms that have energies of no more than 40 eV can remove nano-irregularities from a pyrocarbon surface.

AbstractThe possibility of plasma nitriding without altering the surface morphology of structural steels 30Ni2CrMoV (30ХН2МФА) and 30CrMnSi (30ХГСА) with low chromium contents and steels 03Cr11Ni10Mo2Ti (03Х11Н10М2Т-ВД) and Cr12Mo (X12M) with high chromium contents is studied at temperatures of 400–450°C. Compound layers do not form in 30Ni2CrMoV and 30CrMnSi steels upon nitriding at low nitrogen concentrations

AbstractA model of the glow gas discharge cathode sheath under the presence of a thin insulating film on the cathode surface is formulated, in which the field electron emission from the cathode metal substrate into the film is taken into account. It is shown that the voltage–current characteristic of such discharge is weakly growing or falling, and this can be a cause of experimentally observed its

AbstractResults are presented from ultrasound studies of the melting and crystallization of eutectic In–Ga alloys with indium contents of 6, 9, and 15 at % in porous glasses with a pore size of 7 nm. The effect the confined geometry and composition of the alloy have on the formation of different crystalline phases of gallium and the ranges of melting temperatures is revealed. New high-temperature phases

AbstractThe generation of excess electrons in semiconductor structures via the heterogeneous chemical reaction of the recombination of hydrogen atoms is investigated theoretically. The theoretically possible efficiency of the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy using semiconductor heterostructures is determined. The micromechanism of the generation of chemocurrent is described in an

AbstractMany liquids contain solid or gas inclusions in addition to the liquid phase itself. These inclusions affect the propagation of sound. On the other hand, the force of acoustic radiation can be used to control the distribution of the particles’ concentration. Two problems are considered in this work: the attenuation of sound in a suspension of particles oscillating in a rotational mode, and

AbstractThe blue or green visible to the naked eye chemiluminescence of the divalent europium ions, generated by the acceptance of energy from triplet-excited isobutyraldehyde—a product of the oxidation of diisobutylaluminium hydride by oxygen in tetrahydrofuran—was found and studied.

AbstractNonequilibrium states of excited quadrupole molecules in polar solvents are described. The energy profile of a molecule and the polar medium interacting with it is determined along the collective coordinate characterizing the degree of medium polarization. It is shown that the transition from the initial state of a molecule with a symmetric charge distribution generated by a pulse of optical

Abstract—Two types of structures are found in the bulk of polymer films up to 500 nm thick (globular homogeneous and in the form of molecular aggregates). The transition from one structure to another takes the form of changes in the surface roughness and physical and chemical characteristics of the material. The high anisotropy of the films’ refractive index (Δn ~ 10−2) and the results from polarization

AbstractThe nonlinear dynamics of a 180-degree domain wall in a weak ferromagnet is studied. It is shown that different modes of magnetization reversal of a weak ferromagnet are possible, depending on a number of conditions (magnetic field, magnetic anisotropy constants, and the initial amplitude of nucleus).

AbstractAlthough a great many works on different types of magnetoresistance have been published, the issue of the mechanism of these effects is still debated. In this work, the results of investigation of huge magnetoresistance are analyzed using a model based on the effect external magnetic fields have on hyperfine interaction during electron hopping.

AbstractAn analysis is performed of the dynamics of the orientation structure of an ferrocholesteric liquid crystal inside an elliptically polarized magnetic field perpendicular to the helix axis. Analytical solutions to the time dependences of the angle of director rotation is obtained as function of system control parameters.

AbstractA new universal law of photoluminescence is established, according to which the ratio of the luminescence spectrum when excited at a given wavelength of light to the excitation spectrum of luminescence when observed at the same wavelength is a universal function determined by the emission spectrum of a blackbody. This relationship is based on the principle of detailed equilibrium for photoluminescence

AbstractThe transfer of spin coherence leads to surprising effects in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This is demonstrated by the example of quantum coherence transfer caused by exchange interaction in bimolecular collisions of paramagnetic particles in dilute solutions. Detailed analysis of the role of quantum coherence transfer has altered the paradigm of spin exchange and its

AbstractAn analysis is performed of the mass spectrum of resonance electron capture by tetracyanoquinodimethane molecules, in which long-lived negative molecular ions are detected. At 3.6 eV, the ions can be attributed to an electron-excited Feshbach resonance with an admixture of a long-lived ground state whose contribution to the superposition of two states yields a measurable ion lifetime in the