Abstract An analysis is performed of the strained state of aluminum single crystals in an alternating mechanical stress field. Computer modeling of the inhomogeneous sine-Gordon equation is used with allowance for radiation friction. The Bauschinger effect is modeled. The dependence of stress on deformation is studied at different temperatures and rates of the latter.

Abstract Correlations between the mechanical and thermal properties of the anisotropy of common pine wood with different humidities are identified. This allows quick assessment of mechanical properties, which usually requires labor- and material-intensive destructive tests, with express nondestructive measurements of thermal properties via transient thermal imaging.

Abstract An excimer KrF laser and specially developed modes of irradiation are used to achieve different degrees of crystallization for the surfaces and volumes of melt-quenched ribbons of cobalt- and iron-based amorphous alloy. The effect the geometry and parameters of laser irradiation have on the mechanical behavior of the studied amorphous alloy and amorphous–crystalline composites is studied relative

Abstract A means of solid-phase deposition is presented for producing carbide coatings on metal surfaces using thermally expanded graphite. Foils of niobium, Nb–2% Zr alloy, and alloys of titanium with Cr, Mo, and Al are the objects of deposition. Coatings form as a result of the solid-phase diffusion of carbon into metal foils when multiple sandwiches composed of metal foils alternating with thermally

Abstract Thermodynamic potentials are used to describe a shift in the characteristic temperature of the magnetostructural phase transition in samples thinned to micrometer and nanometer dimensions. Allowing for the value of the metal surface tension, it is shown that reducing the sample thickness to 50 nm can raise the characteristic temperature by 18 K.

Abstract A study is performed of the effect annealing has on the structure and mechanical properties of a material after deformation in a Bridgman chamber that induces severe plastic torsion deformations under high quasi-hydrostatic pressure. Thermal stability is analyzed in high-pressure phase ω formed by torsion under high quasi-hydrostatic pressure in technically pure VT1-0 titanium.

Abstract Morse pair potentials of nickel and cobalt are developed for atomistic calculations of phase transformations. Values of the equilibrium interatomic distances and the energies of sublimation are used. The obtained pair potentials adequately describe the values of the bulk elasticity moduli at different temperatures with Grüneisen parameters of nickel and cobalt of around 1.72, and 1.85, respectively

Abstract A comprehensive study is performed for the structure relaxation processes, phase composition, and surface topology of Pd93Y7 membrane alloy after repeated hydrogenation from a gas medium. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation are used to obtain information about the structure.

Abstract A solid-phase technology is described for producing a superconducting multilayered ribbon with layers ~150 nm thick from a solid solution of titanium in niobium and an Nb–50% Ti alloy. The ribbon is 0.1 mm thick. Measurements of the critical current of the ribbons at perpendicular and parallel orientations of external magnetic field H relative to the plane of the layers reveals considerable

Abstract A study is performed of the effect intense laser heating has on the strength characteristics of the γ‑phase in iron–chromium–nickel alloys. We show that using laser radiation to heat the initial α-phase to the temperature of the α → γ transformation produces a γ-phase with much higher microhardness and yield stress than those of the equilibrium γ-phase. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon

Abstract Amorphous ribbons from a rapidly quenched alloy of the TiNi–TiCu quasi-binary system with copper content of 30 at % are crystallized via electric pulse treatment with variable durations of impact in the range of 1 to 100 ms at external tensile stress of up to 250 MPa. It is shown that the formed bimorph structure of columnar and coarse crystals is characterized by considerable differences

Abstract Mathematical modeling of the plastic deformation of dispersion-hardened crystalline aluminum-based alloys with incoherent particles is done with allowance for the evolution of defect structure. It is found that strength properties are considerably higher in materials with nanosized particles than in materials with larger particles at the same volume fraction of the strengthening phase. The

Abstract The effect metal additives (7 at %) have оn phase transformations at pressures of 2 and 8 GPa in the temperature range of 500–1100°C in C60 and C70 fullerites is studied via Raman spectroscopy and neutron and X-ray diffraction. It is shown that carbide-forming elements, Fe and Al, strongly (by hundreds of degrees) raise the temperature of transformation of fullerenes into disorientated graphite

Abstract The specificity of the mechanical and thermal properties (especially thermal conductivity) of crystalline, amorphous, and composite materials on the micro- and nanoscales is studied in terms of straintronics (controlling the physical properties of solids by means of controlled elastic deformation).

Abstract A combination of electroexplosive spraying, electron-beam treatment, and nitriding is used to obtain a coating based on silver, copper, and tungsten carbides and nitrides. The structure and phase composition of the coatings are studied by contemporary means of physical materials science (X-ray phase analysis plus scanning and transmission electron microscopy). Wear resistance, hardness, the

Abstract As study is performed of the distribution of quantitative characteristics of the steps formed by shear bands (SBs) on the surfaces of deformed samples of massive amorphous alloy Zr60Ti2Nb2Cu18.5Ni7.5Al10 after torsion under high quasi-hydrostatic pressure (HPT) in a Bridgman chamber at room temperature and different deformation values. Histograms are obtained for the distribution of the main

Abstract Computer modeling based on thermodynamic predictions is used to show that the Ac3 temperature can vary by tens of degrees, depending on chemical composition. Chemical heterogeneity in the bulk of continuous cast steels can therefore affect the material’s mechanical properties. Auger spectroscopy and mechanical tests of the hardened rolling of two general purpose steels (09G2S and St3) are

Abstract A study is performed of the effect the distribution of temperature has on the stress–strain state of a tube made of disperse-hardened aluminum loaded with internal pressure. The stress–strain state of a heated tube is characterized by the maximum values of tangential and axial stresses in the vicinity of the inner wall. That of a cooled one, by the same values in the vicinity of the outer

Abstract A study is performed of the local crystal and amorphous structure of Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy after extreme impacts (megaplastic deformation in a Bridgman chamber and quenching from the liquid state at a rate of 106 K/s). The evolution of the atomic structure in the crystalline state of the alloy during megaplastic deformation on a sample’s surface (EELFS spectroscopy) is compared to the one in

Abstract Methodology is developed and tested for the effective approximation of carbon nanostructures, graphite materials, and steels using Gaussians and the processing (in approximations of first and second order reactions) of hydrogen thermal desorption spectra obtained at a single rate of heating. The energies of activation and rate constants of hydrogen desorption are determined.

Abstract The complex shear modulus of silicon dioxide nanoparticle suspensions in a polyethylsiloxane liquid is determined via acoustic resonance using a piezoelectric crystal. The technique is based on studying effect additional coupling forces have on the resonance characteristics of an oscillating system. Specific features of the dependence of the shear modulus on the deformation amplitude are due

Abstract A sensor is designed on the basis of a PZT resonator with a lateral electric field for the express analysis of microbial cells. The possibility of detecting and identifying microbial cells by recording their specific interaction with phage mini-antibodies directly in suspension is shown. The period of analysis does not exceed 5 min.

Abstract A theoretical and numerical study is performed of the effect of the thickness and the coefficients of the elasticity, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of a film deposited on a free side of a piezoelectric resonator with a lateral electric field on its characteristics. It is shown that an increase in the mechanical impedance of the film and its conductivity lower the maximum value of

Abstract A study is performed of the configuration of the mutual reflection of elastic waves in crystals where an additional acoustic wave propagates toward one of two reflected waves. It is shown that the reflection of an additional wave induces two waves, one of which is opposite the direction of the original incident wave, and the second has its own direction. All characteristics of elastic waves

Abstract The possibility of controlling the spin-waveguide modes of propagation of a strain signal in lateral arrays of a magnon-crystal structure with a piezoelectric layer is shown via Mandelstam–Brillouin spectroscopy of magnetic materials with spatial and frequency resolution. The possibility of controlling the dipole spin-wave coupling in a lateral array of ferromagnetic strips by creating local

Abstract A new type of piezoceramic acoustic disk resonator with a radial exciting electric field is described. The resonator is a disk made from 6mm crystallographic material using two round concentric metal electrodes with a gap between them placed on one side of the disk. Models of a free resonator and a resonator loaded with a film of finite thickness are presented. The characteristics of different

Abstract The structure of samples is studied using a pulsed acoustic microscope combined with a specially designed miniature testing machine. The features of such experiments are considered. The possibility of measuring the deformation of a sample during mechanical tests via nondestructive acoustic microscopy is demonstrated.

Abstract Automatic positioning systems are widely used to measure acoustic fields. In practice, the orthogonality of the mechanical axes of systems can be violated during mechanical assembly and operation, producing notable errors in determining the field structure. A new way of using acoustic holography to measure angles between mechanical axes and correcting errors introduced by them is studied.

Abstract Calculations are performed for the field of a surface acoustic wave in a viscous fluid layer–elastic halfspace system with allowance for the shear components in the fluid. The mechanism of radiation pressure acting on a liquid and associated with the nonlinearity of the equations of hydrodynamics is considered. The spatial distributions of the radiation pressure force that arises in a viscous

Abstract A detailed analysis of the acousto-optical effect in biaxial crystals is performed using the examples of thallium tetratioarsenate (Tl3AsS4) and iodic acid (α-HIO3) crystals of rhombic syngony. The optimum cross sections of the crystals are determined for such acousto-optical devices as deflectors and filters. The prospects for using thallium tetratioarsenate crystal to create high-performance

Abstract A three-dimensional mathematical model of the simple cubic lattice of a fullerite crystal is elaborated via structural modeling. Analytical dependences are obtained for the velocities of acoustic waves and rotational waves on the parameters of the microstructure of such a medium. It is shown that the velocity of rotational waves can exceed that of transverse waves, depending on the parameters

Abstract The problem of accelerating algorithms is considered for calculating the effects of diffraction, nonlinearity, and absorption in modeling high-intensity ultrasonic beams using the nonlinear Westervelt equation. The results from calculations using graphics accelerators (graphical processing units) are compared to ones obtained with a central processing unit. The performance of the algorithm

Abstract Results of an experimental research of horizontal refraction into the propagation of acoustic signals in a coastal wedge are presented. When there are surface seawaves, the acoustic signal is found to be modulated in intensity and time of arrival. When signals reflect from both the bottom and the surface of the sea under the same conditions, the signal from a distant transmitter has additional

Abstract A study is performed of the effect acoustic inhomogeneities of the abdominal wall have on the focusing of a powerful ultrasonic beam at different positions of a transducer. A focused beam generated by a 1 MHz transducer is modeled numerically using an acoustic model of the human body created via computer-aided tomography. It is found that the focal maximum of the field of intensity shifts

Abstract The nonlinear pressure profile at the focus of an ultrasonic beam radiated into water at a frequency of 2.0 MHz and having a shock front with amplitude of 50 MPa is reconstructed for the first time using Raman lidar signals. This is possible due to the relationship between the degree of deformation of the O–H stretching vibration band in the Raman spectrum of water, the amplitude of elastic

Abstract A method is proposed of fabricating tubular constructs from tissue spheroids (conglomerates of cells up to 200 μm in size) in a nutrient fluid using the acoustic radiation force. The source of the acoustic field is a hollow piezoceramic cylinder with a resonant frequency of 800 kHz. Keeping the obtained structure at 37°C for 24 h fuses the spheroids into a solid tubular viable tissue construct

Abstract Results are presented from a high-frequency experiment on localizing a moving noise source using a single vector-scalar detector. Time–frequency signal processing is matched with the interference structure generated by the source. Temporal dependences of bearing, speed, distance, and depth are constructed. A theoretical explanation of the experimental data is given.

Abstract A method of acoustic imaging in a liquid through a solid-state lens by using phase data processing with aberration correction is proposed. Results are presented from the theoretical modeling and the experimental study of investigating objects located in water.

Abstract Results are presented from studying the acoustic properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films of different thicknesses obtained using Langmuir‒Blodgett technology. The effect the number of monomolecular layers (10, 20, and 40 layers) and heat treatment have on the morphology of the resulting films is studied via atomic force microscopy. The existence of piezoelectric properties is demonstrated

Abstract Results are presented from studying the dynamics of dielectric nanoparticles and the electromagnetic field in an optical cavity filled with liquid and excited by external monochromatic radiation. The nonlinear polarization of the medium is determined and the stationary regime of nonlinear excitation of the electromagnetic field in the resonator is described. The buildup of elastic pulsations

Abstract Standard spectrometric α-particle source Ra-226 is used to measure the dependences of the time parameters of silicon detectors on their bias voltage. The duration and the shape of the front of the signal are determined along with the amplitude and time resolutions. The time resolution of the setup for studying reactions on light nuclei is determined and calibrated. Recommendations are given

Abstract Solving a quantum few-body problem with weak interaction is a complicated task. A procedure for discrete variable representation is developed and applied, allowing the period of calculation to be reduced with no loss of accuracy.

Abstract A description is given of results from developing a new lithium-loaded plastic scintillator based on a styrene–methacrylic acid copolymer. Measurements of the light output and transparency of samples of the new material allow the optimum concentrations of the scintillation additive, wave shifter, secondary solvent, and lithium-containing additive to be determined.

Abstract Wave functions of 6Li excited states are the result of contributions from different nucleon cluster configurations. These can be determined by inelastically scattering α particles on a 6Li target and detecting the scattered α particle in coincidence with different fragments of the excited-nucleus breakup. Modeling results indicate that some kinematic areas of target fragments correspond to

Abstract Surface tension coefficients of even–even nuclei are estimated using a relation that includes rigidity with respect to root-mean-square deformation. The effect surface tension has on the neutron and proton distribution is discussed. A relationship between surface tension coefficients and the neutron skin effect is revealed.

Abstract Resonance states in the 16O + 12C reaction at low energies of interaction (up to 7.5 MeV in the center-of-mass system) are considered. The behavior of the fusion cross section for such nuclei is considered in the context of a potential model predicting the emergence of low-energy molecular states.

Abstract A system of two low threshold-energy air ionization chambers 3 mg cm−2 thick is created. The system includes a new two-gap chamber that has a sensitive area of 113 cm2, 1 mm gaps between electrodes made of polyimide films 3 µm thick, and a multichannel chamber. The contribution to the dose from recombination, low-energy protons, and δ-electrons is investigated. The total radiation dose of

Abstract An analysis is performed of a reduction in the intensity of cosmic rays during the minimum of solar cycle 24 in April–May, 2019. It is assumed that the observed slow decline and recovery of the cosmic ray flux consisted of a series of small Forbush decreases.

Abstract The semi-classical approach to the calculating electromagnetic fields formed by interaction between hard radiation and matter is used to consider the passage of high-energy positrons through a gas medium. Results from calculating changes in electromagnetic fields in the optical range for air when high-energy positrons pass through it are presented.

Abstract A strategy is proposed for developing combined technologies for sterilizing bone implants. The procedure is based on exposure to X- and γ-ray radiation and fast electron beams, in combination with preliminary ozone treatment to reduce the absorbed dose while ensuring the sterility of bioimplants and creating modern health-saving technologies.

Abstract A way of estimating normalized variations in the intensity of the muon flux is proposed for problems of recognizing local anisotropies. Normalized hardware functions are introduced, and sliding two-dimensional filtering is used. Estimates of normalized variations in intensity are investigated using experimental observations by the URAGAN hodoscope.

Abstract A study is performed of extracting the energy of the virtual pp-state produced in the d + 1H → (p + p) + n reaction. Basic and auxiliary experimental parameters that refer to neutron detection (time resolution, flight base, and time-of-flight window in which neutrons are selected) are optimized to maximize the sensitivity to the production of a quasibound pp-state. Modeling results are compared

Abstract The Irkutsk 3 cosmic ray station (Mount Khulugaysha, Eastern Sayans, 3000 m) receives an additional neutron monitor section equipped with a high-speed data acquisition system developed at the Polar Geophysical Institute. It is the first time a high-speed data acquisition system is installed at a high-altitude neutron monitor. Characteristics of multiplicity events at lowland and high-altitude

Abstract It is shown that when the Liouville–Arnold theorem is applied to quantum systems, the purely quantum first integrals of motion of the parity type should not be considered when comparing the number of the first integrals to that of the degrees of freedom.

Abstract A virtual mechanism used for describing low-energy ternary fission is generalized to spontaneous and induced quaternary fission. A formula is obtained for the width of quaternary fission as a virtual process. The height and penetrability of the Coulomb barrier are estimated for the spontaneous fission of 248Cm and 252Cf nuclei and the thermal neutron induced fission of 233U and 235U nuclei

Abstract Total 6Li(d, xt) reaction cross sections are measured on the basis of the 16O(t, n)18F (β+, T1/2 = 109 min) activation reaction at deuteron energies of 2.5–12 MeV. Measurements are carried out at the EGP‑10 electrostatic tandem accelerator at the Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics. The error of obtained data is 12%. The cross sections are

Abstract A procedure is described for finding nonpolarized transverse, longitudinal, and polarized longitudinal-transverse and longitudinal-transverse structure functions derived from data on the differential cross sections of exclusive channels of π+n and π0p electroproduction measured with the CLAS detector. The measured cross sections cover the wide kinematic range of W < 1.7 GeV in terms of invariant

Abstract Nucleon density is a fundamental quantity in nuclear physics. It is an important ingredient of the double folding model when calculating fusion cross sections of nuclei. A simplified way of calculating this density using the microscopic densities of six benchmark nuclei is proposed. In contrast to microscopic calculations, the proposed procedure is not time-consuming and can be easily used

Abstract We study the properties and mass distributions of ultramagnetized nuclei produced as a result of heavy ion collisions, inside magnetar crust, explosions of type II supernovas, and the merging of neutron stars. For magnetic field strengths ranging from 0.1 to 10 TT, the Zeeman effect results in a linear nuclear magnetic response that can be described using magnetic susceptibility. Binding energies

Abstract Binding energies and probability densities are calculated for different cluster configurations in the ground state of 10, 11B, 10, 11С nuclei using Feynman’s continual (path) integrals. The obtained energies agree with experimental data.