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Harnessing optical advantages in computing: a review of current and future trends Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Caxton Griffith Kibebe, Yue Liu, Jiaxi Tang
At the intersection of technological evolution and escalating computational demand, the role of optics is reemerging as a transformative force in the field of computing. This article examines the evolving landscape surrounding optical advantages in computing, focusing on current trends and prospects. Optical computing finds applications across various domains, such as parallel processing, high-speed
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Meta-path-based key node identification in heterogeneous networks Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Pengtao Wang, Jian Shu, Linlan Liu, Xiaolong Yao
Identifying key nodes in complex networks remains challenging. Whereas previous studies focused on homogeneous networks, real-world systems comprise multiple node and edge types. We propose a meta-path-based key node identification (MKNI) method in heterogeneous networks to better capture complex interconnectivity. Considering that existing studies ignore the differences in propagation probabilities
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Implementation of the beam-loading effect in the tracking code RF-track based on a power-diffusive model Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Javier Olivares Herrador, Andrea Latina, Avni Aksoy, Nuria Fuster Martínez, Benito Gimeno, Daniel Esperante
The need to achieve high energies in particle accelerators has led to the development of new accelerator technologies, resulting in higher beam intensities and more compact devices with stronger accelerating fields. In such scenarios, beam-loading effects occur, and intensity-dependent gradient reduction affects the accelerated beam as a consequence of its interaction with the surrounding cavity. In
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A family of robust chaotic S-unimodal maps based on the Gaussian function Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Vinod Patidar
This research paper introduces a family of one-dimensional S-unimodal maps based on the Gaussian function, designed to exhibit robust chaos across a wide range of parameters. These maps are developed to display robust chaos by avoiding multiple fixed points that are primarily responsible for the coexisting attractors in 1D maps. The parameter space analysis reveals that chaotic behaviour is sustained
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Advances in narrow linewidth and wide tuning range external-cavity wavelength-swept lasers Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Liwen Sheng, Jianjun Wang, Lin Huang, Aiguo Zhang, Zhihui Zhang, Shan Qiao, Yu Wei, Zhiming Liu, Junwei Ju, Shuai Zhou, Jiaqing Liu, Jilei Han, Hui Jin
An external-cavity wavelength-swept laser, characterized by its exceptional temporal coherence and extensive tuning range, serves as a crucial light source for cutting-edge fields such as fiber sensing, lidar, and spectroscopy. The burgeoning growth of optical communication technology has escalated the demand for lasers with narrow linewidth and broad tuning range, thereby catalyzing the swift advancement
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On the linkage of oil prices and oil uncertainty with US equities: a combination analysis based on the wavelet approach and quantile-on-quantile regression Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Mohamed Yousfi, Houssam Bouzgarrou
This paper aims to investigate the dynamic and asymmetric linkage between crude oil, oil uncertainty, and the United States (US) equity markets across various horizons and tails using a combination of a time-frequency approach, Granger causality, and quantile-on-quantile regression from January 2020 to December 2022. The empirical results indicate that causal relationships and the dynamic co-movement
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Quantitative coarse graining of laminar fluid flow penetration in rough boundaries Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Akankshya Majhi, Lars Kool, Jasper van der Gucht, Joshua A. Dijksman
The interaction between a fluid and a wall is described with a certain boundary condition for the fluid velocity at the wall. To understand how fluids behave near a rough wall in a completely laminar flow regime, the fluid velocity at every point on the rough surface may be provided. This approach requires detailed knowledge of, and likely depends strongly on the roughness. Another approach of modelling
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Theoretical investigation of the Co-occurrence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in iron-based high-temperature superconductors Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Gebru Tesfaye Sherka, Dagne Atnafu Shiferaw
In this research work, the Co-occurrence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in Ca0.74 1 La0.26 1 Fe1−xCox As2 iron-based high-temperature superconductors have been investigated. Based on the multi-band nature of Ca0.74 1 La0.26 1 Fe1−xCox As2 iron-based superconductors, a two-band model Hamiltonian that contains intra- and inter-bands is developed. By employing the matrix form of the temperature-dependent
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A framework of computer vision-enhanced microfluidic approach for automated assessment of the transient sickling kinetics in sickle red blood cells Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Yuhao Qiang, Mengjia Xu, Mira Patel Pochron, Madhulika Jupelli, Ming Dao
The occurrence of vaso-occlusive crisis greatly depends on the competition between the sickling delay time and the transit time of individual sickle cells, i.e., red blood cells from sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, while they are traversing the circulatory system. Many drugs for treating SCD work by inhibiting the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), effectively delaying the sickling process
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Multi-parameter identification of earthquake simulation shaking table based on BP neural network Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Chunhua Gao, Cun Li, Mengyuan Qin, Yanping Yang, Zihan Yuan
Since the model parameters of the shaking table exist in a non-linear form, this leads to distortion of the reproduced waveforms and can even lead to bias in the ground vibration test results. Therefore, the selection of the controller is particularly critical. Multi-variable (MVC) controllers are often used in shaking table control, to improve the control effect of MVC controllers. In this paper,
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Dimensionality reduction and machine learning based model of software cost estimation Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Wei Zhang, Haixin Cheng, Siyu Zhan, Ming Luo, Feng Wang, Zhan Huang
Software Cost Estimation (SCE) is one of the research priorities and challenges in the construction of cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs). In CPSS, it is urge to process environmental and social information accurately and use it to guide social practice. Thus, in response to the problems of low prediction accuracy, poor robustness, and poor interpretability in SCE, this paper proposes a SCE model
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Formation of field-induced breakdown precursors on metallic electrode surfaces Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Soumendu Bagchi, Evgenya Simakov, Danny Perez
Understanding the underlying factors responsible for higher-than-anticipated local field enhancements required to trigger vacuum breakdown on pristine metal surfaces is crucial for the development of devices capable of withstanding intense operational fields. In this study, we investigate the behavior of nominally flat copper electrode surfaces exposed to electric fields of hundreds of MV/m. Our novel
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Experiment and analysis of state preparation for atom interferometry Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Xu Zhang, Qi-Xue Li, Huan-Kai Zhang, Ji-Xun Liu, Guo-Chao Wang, Xiao-Xiao Ma, Ling-Xiao Zhu, Shu-Hua Yan
The state preparation is a crucial procedure in atom interferometry; however, there is a shortage of detailed experimental studies on determining the optimal method for achieving this. This paper investigates and compares two methods for state preparation: the combined use of microwave and Raman light (M-R) and the combined use of optical pumping, microwave, and Raman light (O-M-W). The experimental
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Innovative stochastic finite difference approach for modelling unsteady non-Newtonian mixed convective fluid flow with variable thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Muhammad Shoaib Arif, Kamaleldin Abodayeh, Yasir Nawaz
A novel stochastic numerical scheme is introduced to solve stochastic differential equations. The development of the scheme is based on two different parts. One part finds the solution for the deterministic equation, and the second part is the numerical approximation for the integral part of the Wiener process term in the stochastic partial differential equation. The scheme’s stability and consistency
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Numerical study of the effects of hydrodynamic interactions among cells for microfluidic holographic cyto-tomography Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Angela Vitolo, Massimiliano M. Villone, Pier Luca Maffettone
When cells in a suspension flow through a microfluidic channel and rotate within the field of view (FOV) of a holographic microscope, they become accessible to a light beam from various angles. This allows the retrieval of a three-dimensional refractive index map for each flowing cell, essentially a 3D phase-contrast tomogram. Understanding the effects of hydrodynamic interactions among cells on their
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An adaptive evacuation system for the Gran Sasso underground laboratory Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Paolo Cavalcante, Gabriele Bucciarelli
The Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) is, at present, the largest deep underground laboratory in operation for astroparticle physics and rare event research. The LNGS was created to carry out this research exploiting an overburden of 1,400 m of rock to reduce the flux of muons from cosmic rays. Operating an underground laboratory and its facilities implies a high level of risk. To mitigate risks
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Noise-induced synchronization and regularity in feed-forward-loop motifs Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Gurpreet Jagdev, Na Yu, You Liang
This study explores the impacts of multiple factors (noise, intra-motif coupling, and critical bifurcation parameter) on noise-induced motif synchrony and output regularity in three-node feed-forward-loops (FFLs), distinguishing between coherent FFLs with purely excitatory connections and incoherent FFLs formed by transitioning the intermediate layer to inhibitory connections. Our model utilizes the
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Auto-verbalizer filtering for prompt-based aspect category detection Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Yantuan Xian, Yuan Qin, Yan Xiang
Aspect category detection (ACD) is a basic task in sentiment analysis that aims to identify the specific aspect categories discussed in reviews. In the case of limited label resources, prompt-based models have shown promise in few-shot ACD. However, their current limitations lie in the manual selection or reliance on external knowledge for obtaining the verbalizer, a critical component of prompt learning
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End-to-end security enabled intelligent remote IoT monitoring system Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Kashif Saleem, Mohammed Farouk Zinou, Farah Mohammad, Ridha Ouni, Ahmed Zohier Elhendi, Jalal Almuhtadi
Introduction: Internet of things (IoT) compose of million of devices connected together over the internet. IoT plays a vital role now a days and especially in future, the most of the monitoring and data collection. The data should be secure while collection and as well in the process of transferring till the destination whether Service Organization Control (SOC) or to cloud for storage. In this paper
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Single-photon-based quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires’ problem Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Min Hou, Yue Wu
The socialist millionaires' problem, emanating from the millionaires’ problem, allows two millionaires to determine whether they happen to be equally rich while remaining their riches undisclosed to each other. Most of the current quantum solutions to the socialist millionaires’ problem have lower efficiency and are theoretically feasible. In this paper, we introduce a practical quantum secure protocol
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Study of the effect of wind angles on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains subjected to a translating simulated tornado Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Mu Li, Jiankun Gan, Yuanzhao Zhang, Yecheng Wu, Bo Chai
The probability of high-speed trains being hit by tornadoes is increasing. Therefore, this paper studies the effect of wind angles on the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train subjected to a translating simulated tornado. A small six-dimensional force/torque sensor was used to measure the aerodynamic force and moment of a high-speed train model at a reduced scale of 1:150. The models, consisting
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Testing the accuracy of qubit rotations on a public quantum computer Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Tomasz Białecki, Tomasz Rybotycki, Jakub Tworzydło, Adam Bednorz
We analyze the results of the test of π/2 qubit rotations on a public quantum computer provided by IBM. We measure a single qubit rotated by π/2 about a random axis, and we accumulate vast statistics of the results. The test performed on different devices shows systematic deviations from the theoretical predictions, which appear at level 10–3. Some of the differences, beyond 5 standard deviations,
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Quantum image encryption algorithm based on four-dimensional chaos Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Xiao-Dong Liu, Qian-Hua Chen, Run-Sheng Zhao, Guang-Zhe Liu, Shuai Guan, Liang-Long Wu, Xing-Kui Fan
Background: Quantum image processing is rapidly developing in the field of quantum computing, and it can be successfully implemented on the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) device. Quantum image encryption holds a pivotal position in this domain. However, the encryption process often encounters security vulnerabilities and entails complex computational complexities, thereby consuming substantial
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Image security using steganography and cryptography with sweeping computational ghost imaging Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Sajjad Rajabi-Ghaleh, Babak Olyaeefar, Reza Kheradmand, Sohrab Ahmadi-Kandjani
A sweeping computational ghost imaging (SCGI)-based encryption system is intended for increased data security and speedier data transport. SCGI is combined with steganography and cryptography processes in this system. SCGI requires fewer shots, resulting in faster image capture, transmission, encryption, and decryption. This strategy also results in smaller, more compact data packages and higher bitrates
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Effect of Sn nanoparticles on the optical properties of PEDOT:PSS thin films Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Kamal A. Aly, Yasser A. M. Ismail, Ziad Salman S. Alsulami, Tariq Z. Abolibda, Abdullah Almohammedi, Sobhi M. Gomha, Hoda A. Ahmed, Mohamed S. Ibrahim
Introduction: In this study, we focus on enhancing the optical properties of PEDOT:PSS thin films by incorporating pure Sn nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using the ultrasonic ablation technique. The objective is to investigate the impact of Sn concentration on the optical characteristics of the films, with a specific emphasis on applications in organic solar cells.Methods: We systematically varied
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Transient submillimeter-scale periodic banding of Ag2O precipitate through reaction–transport–reaction processes Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Hisashi Hayashi, Kaho Yamada
We describe a new class of the periodic banding of Ag2O precipitates through reaction–transport–reaction processes in an agarose-hydrogel column; the gel contains NaNO3 as an additive and is inserted between Ag and Ti rods with an applied constant voltage of 4.0–7.0 V. Submillimeter-scale periodic dark-brown precipitation bands were transiently generated with high reproducibility in this system, in
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Efficient 10 ns-scale 2-μm optical parametric oscillator based on 1064 nm pump source Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Si-Ying Chen, Yun-Fei Yang, Yun-Fei Li, Gong Wang, Yu Yu, Hai-Yang Du, Feng-Li Cao, Hong-Wei Yin, Chen-Yu Zhu, Yu-Lei Wang, Zhi-Wei Lu
Lasers operating around 2-µm have been extensively researched for various applications, such as LiDAR, remote sensing, optical communication, and medicine. One of the approaches to generate 2-µm emission is to employ an optical parametric oscillator pumped by 1-µm laser; however, improving the 2-µm laser conversion efficiency of optical parametric oscillators is still a challenge. In this study, we
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Exploring the potential of nutraceutical to combat gliomas: focus on mIDH2 protein Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Poornimaa Murali, Ramanathan Karuppasamy
Somatic transformations in the key catalytic residues of the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme assist in the onset of distinct malignancies including glioma. Currently, enasidenib is the FDA-approved drug used to target IDH2 protein. However, the use of enasidenib as a plausible mIDH2 inhibitor is constrained by poor brain penetrating capability and dose-limiting toxicity. Thus, the present study
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Quantum physics cannot be captured by classical linear hidden variable theories even in the absence of entanglement Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Kawthar Al Rasbi, Lewis A. Clark, Almut Beige
Recent experimental tests of Bell inequalities confirm that entangled quantum systems cannot be described by local classical theories but still do not answer the question whether or not quantum systems could, in principle, be modeled by linear hidden variable theories. In this paper, we study the quantum trajectories of a single qubit that experiences a sequence of repeated generalized measurements
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Multiple scattering of Bessel beams propagating in advection fog and radiation fog Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Run Chen, Yuanyuan Zhang, Qiang Xu, Yiping Han, Zhensen Wu
The Bessel beams scattering of the fog particles were calculated by using the plane beams angle spectrum expansion method, and the effects of the topological charge and the half-conic angle of the Bessel beam on the differential scattering cross-section were analyzed by numerical calculation. Based on the scattering results of a single fog particle by a Bessel beam, by Monte Carlo method, the propagation
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Resolving soft X-ray photons with a high-rate hybrid pixel detector Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Viktoria Hinger, Rebecca Barten, Filippo Baruffaldi, Anna Bergamaschi, Giacomo Borghi, Maurizio Boscardin, Martin Brückner, Maria Carulla, Matteo Centis Vignali, Roberto Dinapoli, Simon Ebner, Francesco Ficorella, Erik Fröjdh, Dominic Greiffenberg, Omar Hammad Ali, Shqipe Hasanaj, Julian Heymes, Thomas King, Pawel Kozłowski, Carlos Lopez-Cuenca, Davide Mezza, Aldo Mozzanica, Konstantinos Moustakas
Due to their high frame rates and dynamic range, large area coverage, and high signal-to-noise ratio, hybrid silicon pixel detectors are an established standard for photon science applications at X-ray energies between 2 keV and 20 keV. These properties also make hybrid detectors interesting for experiments with soft X-rays between 200 eV and 2 keV. In this energy range, however, standard hybrid detectors
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Fault diagnosis method using MVMD signal reconstruction and MMDE-GNDO feature extraction and MPA-SVM Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Min Mao, Chengjiang Zhou, Bingwei Xu, Dongjin Liao, Jingzong Yang, Shuangyao Liu, Yiqing Li, Tong Tang
To achieve a comprehensive and accurate diagnosis of faults in rolling bearings, a method for diagnosing rolling bearing faults has been proposed. This method is based on Multivariate Variational Mode Decomposition (MVMD) signal reconstruction, Multivariate Multiscale Dispersion Entropy (MMDE)-Generalized Normal Distribution Optimization (GNDO), and Marine predators’ algorithm-based optimization support
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Data reduction activities at European XFEL: early results Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Egor Sobolev, Philipp Schmidt, Janusz Malka, David Hammer, Djelloul Boukhelef, Johannes Möller, Karim Ahmed, Richard Bean, Ivette Jazmín Bermúdez Macías, Johan Bielecki, Ulrike Bösenberg, Cammille Carinan, Fabio Dall’Antonia, Sergey Esenov, Hans Fangohr, Danilo Enoque Ferreira de Lima, Luís Gonçalo Ferreira Maia, Hadi Firoozi, Gero Flucke, Patrick Gessler, Gabriele Giovanetti, Jayanath Koliyadu, Anders
The European XFEL is a megahertz repetition-rate facility producing extremely bright and coherent pulses of a few tens of femtoseconds duration. The amount of data generated in the context of user experiments can exceed hundreds of gigabits per second, resulting in tens of petabytes stored every year. These rates and volumes pose significant challenges both for facilities and users thereof. In fact
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Design of optical fiber delay line with large delay range and low insertion loss Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Kai Wang, Anqi Liu, Xinxin Kong, Zhou Wu, Rui Zhang, Wenxi Zhang
For the application of continuously adjustable optical fiber delay lines, a large delay range can increase the instrument’s measurement range. Increased insertion loss of components will reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected signal, ultimately limiting the measurement accuracy of the instrument. In order to take into account both large delay range and low insertion loss in design, a spatial
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Development of fullerene acceptors and the application of non-fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Wen-Shuo Du, Gong Wang, Yun-Fei Li, Yu Yu
Organic solar cells (OSCs) enjoy a huge market and public attention as an emerging renewable and clean energy source due to their accessibility, sustainability, translucency, good flexibility, non-toxicity, and low preparation cost. However, the choice of an acceptor material is now the pivotal factor restricting the development of OSCs. To continuously improve stability and increase power conversion
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Selection and purification of Li2CO3 precursor for bolometric double beta decay experiments Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 KeonAh Shin, Chorok Byeon, JunSeok Choe, Olga Gileva, Yena Kim, Yeongduk Kim, Eunkyung Lee, Moo Hyun Lee, Hyojin Yeon
This paper describes the preparation of radiopure lithium carbonate powder for the needs of low-background research, in particular, AMoRE-II, the second phase of a search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νDBD) of the 100Mo isotope using over 100 kg of 100Mo contained in 200 kg of ultra-pure Li2100MoO4 bolometric crystals. About 150 kg of pure Li2CO3 powder is required to synthesize the crystals
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Single-petal rosette trajectory for 2D functional lung imaging Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Hanna Frantz, Tobias Speidel, Volker Rasche
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a 2D rosette trajectory for breath-hold and free-breathing real-time imaging of the lungs.Methods: Eight healthy volunteers underwent breath-hold magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using two different parametrizations of the proposed single-petal rosette (SPR) trajectory, as well as radial ultra-short echo time (UTE) acquisition combined
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First experimental validation of silicon-based sensors for monitoring ultra-high dose rate electron beams Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Elisabetta Medina, Arianna Ferro, Mohammad Abujami, Aurora Camperi, Matteo Centis Vignali, Emanuele Data, Damiano Del Sarto, Umberto Deut, Fabio Di Martino, Mohammad Fadavi Mazinani, Marco Ferrero, Veronica Ferrero, Simona Giordanengo, Oscar A. Martì Villarreal, Mohammad Amin Hosseini, Felix Mas Milian, Luigi Masturzo, Diango M. Montalvan Olivares, Marco Montefiori, Giovanni Paternoster, Jake Harold
Monitoring Ultra-High Dose Rate (UHDR) beams is one of the multiple challenges posed by the emergent FLASH radiotherapy. Technologies (i.e., gas-filled ionization chambers) nowadays used in conventional radiotherapy are no longer effective when applied to UHDR regimes, due to the recombination effect they are affected by, and the time required to collect charges. Exploiting the expertise in the field
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Operational experience with Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detectors at European XFEL Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Jolanta Sztuk-Dambietz, Vratko Rovensky, Alexander Klujev, Torsten Laurus, Ulrich Trunk, Karim Ahmed, Olivier Meyer, Johannes Möller, Andrea Parenti, Natascha Raab, Roman Shayduk, Marcin Sikorski, Gabriele Ansaldi, Ulrike Bösenberg, Lopez M. Luis, Astrid Muenich, Thomas R. Preston, Philipp Schmidt, Stephan Stern, Richard Bean, Anders Madsen, Luca Gelisio, Steffen Hauf, Patrick Gessler, Krzysztof Wrona
The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL) is a cutting-edge user facility that generates per second up to 27,000 ultra-short, spatially coherent X-ray pulses within an energy range of 0.26 to more than 20 keV. Specialized instrumentation, including various 2D X-ray detectors capable of handling the unique time structure of the beam, is required. The one-megapixel AGIPD (AGIPD1M) detectors
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Preliminary study on the correlation between accelerated current and dose in water for an electron-based LINAC Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 G. Franciosini, S. Muraro, A. De Gregorio, M. De Simoni, M. Di Francesco, F. Di Martino, Y. Dong, G. Felici, F. Galante, J. Harold Pensavalle, M. Marafini, I. Mattei, A. Muscato, M. Pacitti, V. Patera, A. Sarti, A. Schiavi, M. Toppi, G. Traini, A. Trigilio, G. Battistoni
Purpose: Intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOeRT) is considered the first clinical translation of FLASH with electrons. A crucial aspect is represented by the precise dose monitoring and measurement; to this aim, we propose a method fully based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation that uses as input the beam current measurement and the beam optics simulation. To validate this approach, we chose the NOVAC11
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Tackling suppressive cancer microenvironment by NARF-derived immune modulatory vaccine and its validation using simulation strategies Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Priyanga Paranthaman, Shanthi Veerappapillai
Introduction: Targeting tumor microenvironment is beneficial and present an ideal setting for the development of futuristic immunotherapy. Here, we make use of Nuclear prelamin A recognition factor (NARF), a protein linked to the coactivation of transcriptional regulators in human breast cancer stem cells (CSC) in our investigation.Methods: In this study, we initially computed the epitope regions possessing
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Neural network methods for radiation detectors and imaging Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 S. Lin, S. Ning, H. Zhu, T. Zhou, C. L. Morris, S. Clayton, M. J. Cherukara, R. T. Chen, Zhehui Wang
Recent advances in image data proccesing through deep learning allow for new optimization and performance-enhancement schemes for radiation detectors and imaging hardware. This enables radiation experiments, which includes photon sciences in synchrotron and X-ray free electron lasers as a subclass, through data-endowed artificial intelligence. We give an overview of data generation at photon sources
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Polarization characteristics and structural modifications of Cu nanoparticles under high electric fields Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Ye Wang, Andreas Kyritsakis, Veronika Zadin
High electric fields affect the diffusion dynamics of atoms on a metal surface, causing biased surface diffusion that possibly leads to the growth of intensively field emitting protrusions and consequent vacuum breakdown (VBD). The scientific understanding of this process, as well as other fundamental VBD initiation mechanisms, is far from complete. Here we investigate the exact atomic behaviour of
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A feasibility study using an array of LaBr3(Ce) scintillation detectors as a Compton camera for prompt gamma imaging during BNCT Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Kiran Nutter, Tony Price, Tzany Kokalova, Stuart Green, Ben Phoenix
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer therapy where a low energy neutron beam is incident upon a patient who has been administered a tumour-seeking 10B loaded compound. The neutron capture reaction on 10B results in the production of two short range particles, 7Li and 4He, that deposit all of their energies within the targeted cell. However, accurate, online dosimetry during BNCT
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Experimental study on flexural mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced alkali-activated slag concrete beams Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Xiaohui Yuan, Ruijin Huo, Xin Zhang
As an environmentally friendly alternative to ordinary concrete, slag concrete is subject to limitations such as drying shrinkage and micro-cracking during its promotion and application. In order to address these challenges, steel fibers, known for their excellent tensile, shear, crack-resistance, and toughness properties, have been introduced to enhance the ductility of alkali-activated slag concrete
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Iterative solution of the fractional Wu-Zhang equation under Caputo derivative operator Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Humaira Yasmin, A. A. Alderremy, Rasool Shah, Abdul Hamid Ganie, Shaban Aly
In this study, we employ the effective iterative method to address the fractional Wu-Zhang Equation within the framework of the Caputo Derivative. The effective iterative method offers a practical approach to obtaining approximate solutions for fractional differential equations. We seek to provide insights into its solution and behavior by applying this method to the Wu-Zhang Equation. Through numerical
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Investigation on different materials after pulsed high field conditioning and low-energy H- irradiation Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 C. Serafim, R. Peacock, S. Calatroni, F. Djurabekova, A. T. Perez Fontenla, W. Wuensch, S. Sgobba, A. Grudiev, A. Lombardi, E. Sargsyan, S. Ramberger, G. Bellodi
During operation, the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) of the LINAC4 at CERN is exposed to high electric fields, which can lead to vacuum breakdown. It is also subject to beam loss, which can cause surface modification, including blistering, which can result in reduced electric field holding and an increased breakdown rate. First, experiments to study the high-voltage conditioning process and electrical
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Probing the nanomechanics of interfacial interactions between hydrophobic surfaces Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Liqun Lu, Fengjuan Wang, Yuncheng Wang, Jiawen Zhang, Li Xiang, Zhiyong Liu, Jinyang Jiang
Hydrophobic interactions are widely applied in diverse fields, yet the effect of the degree of hydrophobicity on the interactions between hydrophobic surfaces is still unaddressed, limiting the development of functional hydrophobic surfaces. In this study, the interfacial interactions and configuration of hydrophobic chains on surfaces with ranging hydrophobicity are surveyed by surface forces apparatus
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Development of axion haloscopes for high-mass search at CAPP Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 SungWoo Youn, Junu Jeong, Yannis K. Semertzidis
The axion offers a well-motivated solution to two fundamental questions in modern physics: the strong CP problem and the dark matter mystery. Cavity haloscopes, exploiting resonant enhancement of photon signals, provide the most sensitive searches for axion dark matter in the microwave region. However, current experimental sensitivities are limited to the O(100)μeV range, while recent theoretical predictions
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Dynamics analysis and optimal control study of uncertain information dissemination model triggered after major emergencies Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Bowen Li, Hua Li, Qiubai Sun, Rongjian Lv, Huining Yan
In order to effectively prevent and combat online public opinion crises triggered by major emergencies, this paper explores the dissemination mechanism of uncertain information on online social platforms. According to the decision-making behavior of netizens after receiving uncertain information, they are divided into eight categories. Considering that there will be a portion of netizens who clarify
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Enhanced YOLOv5s + DeepSORT method for highway vehicle speed detection and multi-sensor verification Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Zhongbin Luo, Yanqiu Bi, Xun Yang, Yong Li, Shanchuan Yu, Mengjun Wu, Qing Ye
Addressing the need for vehicle speed measurement in traffic surveillance, this study introduces an enhanced scheme combining YOLOv5s detection with Deep SORT tracking. Tailored to the characteristics of highway traffic and vehicle features, the dataset data augmentation process was initially optimized. To improve the detector’s recognition capabilities, the Swin Transformer Block module was incorporated
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Dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon between 2020 and 2022 Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Khouloud Issa, Rabih Sultan
We carry out an evolutionary study of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the case of Lebanon. The disease spread exhibits four eruption phases or waves. Chaos theory tools point toward a correlation of events, essentially obeying a quasi-deterministic chaotic regime. The analysis of the time series yields a largest Lyapunov exponent of 0.263, indicative of a chaotic trend. The review of past and recent
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Revolutionizing physics: a comprehensive survey of machine learning applications Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Rahul Suresh, Hardik Bishnoi, Artem V. Kuklin, Atharva Parikh, Maxim Molokeev, R. Harinarayanan, Sarvesh Gharat, P. Hiba
In the context of the 21st century and the fourth industrial revolution, the substantial proliferation of data has established it as a valuable resource, fostering enhanced computational capabilities across scientific disciplines, including physics. The integration of Machine Learning stands as a prominent solution to unravel the intricacies inherent to scientific data. While diverse machine learning
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Spectral characterization of optical aberrations in fluidic lenses Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Graciana Puentes, Fernando Minotti
We report an extensive numerical study and supporting experimental results on the spectral characterization of optical aberrations in macroscopic fluidic lenses with tunable focal distance and aperture shape. By using a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor, we experimentally reconstruct the near-field wavefront transmitted by the fluidic lenses, and we characterize the chromatic aberrations in terms of
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Establishing the function relationship between time spectrum and proton range in proton therapy through Monte Carlo simulation Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Yibo He, Xin Tong, Yuhan Li, Jingyi Cheng, Rong Zhou
To validate range shifts in proton therapy, we investigated the potential of using the temporal information of prompt gamma rays as an indicator. We simulated the proton transport process using Monte Carlo simulations and used a geometric scorer to obtain the location and timing of prompt gamma ray production. By using a homogeneous target material in the simulation model, we established a fitted relationship
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Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and simulation software for structured light scattering by particles Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Ming Jian Cheng, Yuan Cong Cao, Kuan Fang Ren, Huan Zhang, Li Xin Guo
Structured light refers to an optical field with modulated phase and amplitude, characterized by distinct spatial patterns. It has applications in optical manipulation, 3D imaging, remote sensing, and communications. The Generalized Lorenz-Mie Theory (GLMT) extends foundational Mie theory to accommodate complex structured lights, enabling precise characterization of structured light-particle interactions
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Magnetic properties of Fe intercalation FexTaSe2 Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Qian-Qian Feng, Jun-Jie Guo, Mian-Zeng Zhong, Zi-Yan Luo, Bo Li, Xi-Guang Wang, Yao-Zhuang Nie, Qing-Lin Xia, Guang-Hua Guo
Intercalation of transition metal dichalcogenides with magnetic elements has been the subject of increasing research interest, aiming to explore novel magnetic materials with anisotropy and spin-orbit coupling. In this paper, two magnetic samples with varying Fe content have been prepared using different growth conditions via the chemical vapor transport method. A comprehensive investigation of the
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Hair cluster detection model based on dermoscopic images Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Ya Xiong, Kun Yu, Yujie Lan, Zeyuan Lei, Dongli Fan
Introduction: Hair loss has always bothered many people, with numerous individuals potentially facing the issue of sparse hair.Methods: Due to a scarcity of accurate research on detecting sparse hair, this paper proposes a sparse hair cluster detection model based on improved object detection neural network and medical images of sparse hair under dermatoscope to optimize the evaluation of treatment
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A Cyber-physical-social systems approach to the semantic segmentation of pulmonary embolism Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Siyu Zhan, Xin Lei, Lu Guo, Mingxiu Xiong, Tingyu Liu, Shuang Liu, Hao Yu
Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS) epitomize the modern era’s intelligent connectivity. They integrate physical devices, computer networks, and social networks, forming an innovative paradigm for intelligent systems. Utilizing CPSS to enhance intelligence, automation, and remote services in healthcare represents a primary research focus. Pulmonary embolism, a prevalent condition resulting from the
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Numerical simulation of droplet dispersion within meso-porous membranes Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Apostolos Kyrloglou, Patrick Giefer, Udo Fritsching
Analysis of membrane processes in fluid processing, and their main influencing operating conditions are relevant in a variety of industrial applications. Increasing regulatory scrutiny and environmental considerations are forcing industries across all sectors, from food and pharma to oil and gas, to further understand and optimise the handling and formulation of liquid systems for efficient process