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Publisher Correction: Enhancer remodeling promotes tumor-initiating activity in NRF2-activated non-small cell lung cancers Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Keito Okazaki; Hayato Anzawa; Zun Liu; Nao Ota; Hiroshi Kitamura; Yoshiaki Onodera; Md. Morshedul Alam; Daisuke Matsumaru; Takuma Suzuki; Fumiki Katsuoka; Shu Tadaka; Ikuko Motoike; Mika Watanabe; Kazuki Hayasaka; Akira Sakurada; Yoshinori Okada; Masayuki Yamamoto; Takashi Suzuki; Kengo Kinoshita; Hiroki Sekine; Hozumi Motohashi
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20927-9.
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Enantioselective preparation of mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes by kinetic resolution strategy Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ayumi Imayoshi; Bhatraju Vasantha Lakshmi; Yoshihiro Ueda; Tomoyuki Yoshimura; Aki Matayoshi; Takumi Furuta; Takeo Kawabata
Asymmetric synthesis of mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes and topologically chiral catenanes has been a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Recently, an excellent strategy was developed based on diastereomeric synthesis of rotaxanes and catenanes with mechanical chirality followed by removal of the chiral auxiliary. On the other hand, its enantioselective approach has been quite limited
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Charged particle guiding and beam splitting with auto-ponderomotive potentials on a chip Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Robert Zimmermann; Michael Seidling; Peter Hommelhoff
Electron and ion beams are indispensable tools in numerous fields of science and technology, ranging from radiation therapy to microscopy and lithography. Advanced beam control facilitates new functionalities. Here, we report the guiding and splitting of charged particle beams using ponderomotive forces created by the motion of charged particles through electrostatic optics printed on planar substrates
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High-pressure phase diagrams of FeSe 1−x Te x : correlation between suppressed nematicity and enhanced superconductivity Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 K. Mukasa; K. Matsuura; M. Qiu; M. Saito; Y. Sugimura; K. Ishida; M. Otani; Y. Onishi; Y. Mizukami; K. Hashimoto; J. Gouchi; R. Kumai; Y. Uwatoko; T. Shibauchi
The interplay among magnetism, electronic nematicity, and superconductivity is the key issue in strongly correlated materials including iron-based, cuprate, and heavy-fermion superconductors. Magnetic fluctuations have been widely discussed as a pairing mechanism of unconventional superconductivity, but recent theory predicts that quantum fluctuations of nematic order may also promote high-temperature
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Massively parallel cantilever-free atomic force microscopy Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Wenhan Cao; Nourin Alsharif; Zhongjie Huang; Alice E. White; YuHuang Wang; Keith A. Brown
Resolution and field-of-view often represent a fundamental tradeoff in microscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), in which a cantilevered probe deflects under the influence of local forces as it scans across a substrate, is a key example of this tradeoff with high resolution imaging being largely limited to small areas. Despite the tremendous impact of AFM in fields including materials science, biology
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The circadian cryptochrome, CRY1, is a pro-tumorigenic factor that rhythmically modulates DNA repair Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ayesha A. Shafi; Chris M. McNair; Jennifer J. McCann; Mohammed Alshalalfa; Anton Shostak; Tesa M. Severson; Yanyun Zhu; Andre Bergman; Nicolas Gordon; Amy C. Mandigo; Saswati N. Chand; Peter Gallagher; Emanuela Dylgjeri; Talya S. Laufer; Irina A. Vasilevskaya; Matthew J. Schiewer; Michael Brunner; Felix Y. Feng; Wilbert Zwart; Karen E. Knudsen
Mechanisms regulating DNA repair processes remain incompletely defined. Here, the circadian factor CRY1, an evolutionally conserved transcriptional coregulator, is identified as a tumor specific regulator of DNA repair. Key findings demonstrate that CRY1 expression is androgen-responsive and associates with poor outcome in prostate cancer. Functional studies and first-in-field mapping of the CRY1 cistrome
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Plasmon-driven nanowire actuators for on-chip manipulation Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Shuangyi Linghu; Zhaoqi Gu; Jinsheng Lu; Wei Fang; Zongyin Yang; Huakang Yu; Zhiyuan Li; Runlin Zhu; Jian Peng; Qiwen Zhan; Songlin Zhuang; Min Gu; Fuxing Gu
Chemically synthesized metal nanowires are promising building blocks for next-generation photonic integrated circuits, but technological implementation in monolithic integration will be severely hampered by the lack of controllable and precise manipulation approaches, due to the strong adhesion of nanowires to substrates in non-liquid environments. Here, we demonstrate this obstacle can be removed
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The nature of active sites for carbon dioxide electroreduction over oxide-derived copper catalysts Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Dongfang Cheng; Zhi-Jian Zhao; Gong Zhang; Piaoping Yang; Lulu Li; Hui Gao; Sihang Liu; Xin Chang; Sai Chen; Tuo Wang; Geoffrey A. Ozin; Zhipan Liu; Jinlong Gong
The active sites for CO2 electroreduction (CO2R) to multi-carbon (C2+) products over oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) catalysts are under long-term intense debate. This paper describes the atomic structure motifs for product-specific active sites on OD-Cu catalysts in CO2R. Herein, we describe realistic OD-Cu surface models by simulating the oxide-derived process via the molecular dynamic simulation with
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Cellular Heterogeneity–Adjusted cLonal Methylation (CHALM) improves prediction of gene expression Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Jianfeng Xu; Jiejun Shi; Xiaodong Cui; Ya Cui; Jingyi Jessica Li; Ajay Goel; Xi Chen; Jean-Pierre Issa; Jianzhong Su; Wei Li
Promoter DNA methylation is a well-established mechanism of transcription repression, though its global correlation with gene expression is weak. This weak correlation can be attributed to the failure of current methylation quantification methods to consider the heterogeneity among sequenced bulk cells. Here, we introduce Cell Heterogeneity–Adjusted cLonal Methylation (CHALM) as a methylation quantification
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Sequencing of the Arabidopsis NOR2 reveals its distinct organization and tissue-specific rRNA ribosomal variants Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Jason Sims; Giovanni Sestini; Christiane Elgert; Arndt von Haeseler; Peter Schlögelhofer
Despite vast differences between organisms, some characteristics of their genomes are conserved, such as the nucleolus organizing region (NOR). The NOR is constituted of multiple, highly repetitive rDNA genes, encoding the catalytic ribosomal core RNAs which are transcribed from 45S rDNA units. Their precise sequence information and organization remain uncharacterized. Here, using a combination of
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Adhesion-mediated heterogeneous actin organization governs apoptotic cell extrusion Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Anh Phuong Le; Jean-François Rupprecht; René-Marc Mège; Yusuke Toyama; Chwee Teck Lim; Benoît Ladoux
Apoptotic extrusion is crucial in maintaining epithelial homeostasis. Current literature supports that epithelia respond to extrusion by forming a supracellular actomyosin purse-string in the neighbors. However, whether other actin structures could contribute to extrusion and how forces generated by these structures can be integrated are unknown. Here, we found that during extrusion, a heterogeneous
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Inositol pyrophosphates promote the interaction of SPX domains with the coiled-coil motif of PHR transcription factors to regulate plant phosphate homeostasis Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Martina K. Ried; Rebekka Wild; Jinsheng Zhu; Joka Pipercevic; Kristina Sturm; Larissa Broger; Robert K. Harmel; Luciano A. Abriata; Ludwig A. Hothorn; Dorothea Fiedler; Sebastian Hiller; Michael Hothorn
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient taken up by organisms in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Eukaryotes have evolved sophisticated Pi sensing and signaling cascades, enabling them to stably maintain cellular Pi concentrations. Pi homeostasis is regulated by inositol pyrophosphate signaling molecules (PP-InsPs), which are sensed by SPX domain-containing proteins. In plants, PP-InsP-bound SPX receptors
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A fourth-generation high-dimensional neural network potential with accurate electrostatics including non-local charge transfer Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Tsz Wai Ko; Jonas A. Finkler; Stefan Goedecker; Jörg Behler
Machine learning potentials have become an important tool for atomistic simulations in many fields, from chemistry via molecular biology to materials science. Most of the established methods, however, rely on local properties and are thus unable to take global changes in the electronic structure into account, which result from long-range charge transfer or different charge states. In this work we overcome
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Rhythmic glucose metabolism regulates the redox circadian clockwork in human red blood cells Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ratnasekhar Ch; Guillaume Rey; Sandipan Ray; Pawan K. Jha; Paul C. Driscoll; Mariana Silva Dos Santos; Dania M. Malik; Radoslaw Lach; Aalim M. Weljie; James I. MacRae; Utham K. Valekunja; Akhilesh B. Reddy
Circadian clocks coordinate mammalian behavior and physiology enabling organisms to anticipate 24-hour cycles. Transcription-translation feedback loops are thought to drive these clocks in most of mammalian cells. However, red blood cells (RBCs), which do not contain a nucleus, and cannot perform transcription or translation, nonetheless exhibit circadian redox rhythms. Here we show human RBCs display
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Waveguide photoreactor enhances solar fuels photon utilization towards maximal optoelectronic – photocatalytic synergy Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Joel Y. Y. Loh; Abhinav Mohan; Andrew G. Flood; Geoffery A. Ozin; Nazir P. Kherani
A conventional light management approach on a photo-catalyst is to concentrate photo-intensity to enhance the catalytic rate. We present a counter-intuitive approach where light intensity is distributed below the electronic photo-saturation limit under the principle of light maximization. By operating below the saturation point of the photo-intensity induced hydroxide growth under reactant gaseous
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Pore-forming Esx proteins mediate toxin secretion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Uday Tak; Terje Dokland; Michael Niederweis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis secretes the tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) to kill host cells. Here, we show that the WXG100 proteins EsxE and EsxF are essential for TNT secretion. EsxE and EsxF form a water-soluble heterodimer (EsxEF) that assembles into oligomers and long filaments, binds to membranes, and forms stable membrane-spanning channels. Electron microscopy of EsxEF reveals mainly pentameric
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Sensing the future of bio-informational engineering Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Thomas A. Dixon; Thomas C. Williams; Isak S. Pretorius
The practices of synthetic biology are being integrated into ‘multiscale’ designs enabling two-way communication across organic and inorganic information substrates in biological, digital and cyber-physical system integrations. Novel applications of ‘bio-informational’ engineering will arise in environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, precision medicine and next-generation biomanufacturing
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Upper limits on the extent of seafloor anoxia during the PETM from uranium isotopes Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Matthew O. Clarkson; Timothy M. Lenton; Morten B. Andersen; Marie-Laure Bagard; Alexander J. Dickson; Derek Vance
The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) represents a major carbon cycle and climate perturbation that was associated with ocean de-oxygenation, in a qualitatively similar manner to the more extensive Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Events. Although indicators of ocean de-oxygenation are common for the PETM, and linked to biotic turnover, the global extent and temporal progression of de-oxygenation is poorly
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Irreversibility in dynamical phases and transitions Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Daniel S. Seara; Benjamin B. Machta; Michael P. Murrell
Living and non-living active matter consumes energy at the microscopic scale to drive emergent, macroscopic behavior including traveling waves and coherent oscillations. Recent work has characterized non-equilibrium systems by their total energy dissipation, but little has been said about how dissipation manifests in distinct spatiotemporal patterns. We introduce a measure of irreversibility we term
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Non-volatile optical switch of resistance in photoferroelectric tunnel junctions Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Xiao Long; Huan Tan; Florencio Sánchez; Ignasi Fina; Josep Fontcuberta
In the quest for energy efficient and fast memory elements, optically controlled ferroelectric memories are promising candidates. Here, we show that, by taking advantage of the imprint electric field existing in the nanometric BaTiO3 films and their photovoltaic response at visible light, the polarization of suitably written domains can be reversed under illumination. We exploit this effect to trigger
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Cell culture NAIL-MS allows insight into human tRNA and rRNA modification dynamics in vivo Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Matthias Heiss; Felix Hagelskamp; Virginie Marchand; Yuri Motorin; Stefanie Kellner
Recently, studies about RNA modification dynamics in human RNAs are among the most controversially discussed. As a main reason, we identified the unavailability of a technique which allows the investigation of the temporal processing of RNA transcripts. Here, we present nucleic acid isotope labeling coupled mass spectrometry (NAIL-MS) for efficient, monoisotopic stable isotope labeling in both RNA
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Heme-binding enables allosteric modulation in an ancient TIM-barrel glycosidase Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Gloria Gamiz-Arco; Luis I. Gutierrez-Rus; Valeria A. Risso; Beatriz Ibarra-Molero; Yosuke Hoshino; Dušan Petrović; Jose Justicia; Juan Manuel Cuerva; Adrian Romero-Rivera; Burckhard Seelig; Jose A. Gavira; Shina C. L. Kamerlin; Eric A. Gaucher; Jose M. Sanchez-Ruiz
Glycosidases are phylogenetically widely distributed enzymes that are crucial for the cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Here, we present the exceptional properties of a putative ancestor of bacterial and eukaryotic family-1 glycosidases. The ancestral protein shares the TIM-barrel fold with its modern descendants but displays large regions with greatly enhanced conformational flexibility. Yet, the barrel
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Temporal changes in global soil respiration since 1987 Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Jiesi Lei; Xue Guo; Yufei Zeng; Jizhong Zhou; Qun Gao; Yunfeng Yang
As the second-largest terrestrial carbon (C) flux, soil respiration (RS) has been stimulated by climate warming. However, the magnitude and dynamics of such stimulations of soil respiration are highly uncertain at the global scale, undermining our confidence in future climate projections. Here, we present an analysis of global RS observations from 1987–2016. RS increased (P < 0.001) at a rate of 27
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The human endogenous attentional control network includes a ventro-temporal cortical node Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ilaria Sani; Heiko Stemmann; Bradley Caron; Daniel Bullock; Torsten Stemmler; Manfred Fahle; Franco Pestilli; Winrich A. Freiwald
Endogenous attention is the cognitive function that selects the relevant pieces of sensory information to achieve goals and it is known to be controlled by dorsal fronto-parietal brain areas. Here we expand this notion by identifying a control attention area located in the temporal lobe. By combining a demanding behavioral paradigm with functional neuroimaging and diffusion tractography, we show that
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Chromosome-level genome assembly of Ophiorrhiza pumila reveals the evolution of camptothecin biosynthesis Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Amit Rai; Hideki Hirakawa; Ryo Nakabayashi; Shinji Kikuchi; Koki Hayashi; Megha Rai; Hiroshi Tsugawa; Taiki Nakaya; Tetsuya Mori; Hideki Nagasaki; Runa Fukushi; Yoko Kusuya; Hiroki Takahashi; Hiroshi Uchiyama; Atsushi Toyoda; Shoko Hikosaka; Eiji Goto; Kazuki Saito; Mami Yamazaki
Plant genomes remain highly fragmented and are often characterized by hundreds to thousands of assembly gaps. Here, we report chromosome-level reference and phased genome assembly of Ophiorrhiza pumila, a camptothecin-producing medicinal plant, through an ordered multi-scaffolding and experimental validation approach. With 21 assembly gaps and a contig N50 of 18.49 Mb, Ophiorrhiza genome is one of
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The challenges of containing SARS-CoV-2 via test-trace-and-isolate Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Sebastian Contreras; Jonas Dehning; Matthias Loidolt; Johannes Zierenberg; F. Paul Spitzner; Jorge H. Urrea-Quintero; Sebastian B. Mohr; Michael Wilczek; Michael Wibral; Viola Priesemann
Without a cure, vaccine, or proven long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2, test-trace-and-isolate (TTI) strategies present a promising tool to contain its spread. For any TTI strategy, however, mitigation is challenged by pre- and asymptomatic transmission, TTI-avoiders, and undetected spreaders, which strongly contribute to ”hidden" infection chains. Here, we study a semi-analytical model and identify
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Plasmons in the van der Waals charge-density-wave material 2H-TaSe 2 Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Chaoyu Song; Xiang Yuan; Ce Huang; Shenyang Huang; Qiaoxia Xing; Chong Wang; Cheng Zhang; Yuangang Xie; Yuchen Lei; Fanjie Wang; Lei Mu; Jiasheng Zhang; Faxian Xiu; Hugen Yan
Plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) materials beyond graphene have recently gained much attention. However, the experimental investigation is limited due to the lack of suitable materials. Here, we experimentally demonstrate localized plasmons in a correlated 2D charge-density-wave (CDW) material: 2H-TaSe2. The plasmon resonance can cover a broad spectral range from the terahertz (40 μm) to the telecom
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Transneuronal delivery of hyper-interleukin-6 enables functional recovery after severe spinal cord injury in mice Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Marco Leibinger; Charlotte Zeitler; Philipp Gobrecht; Anastasia Andreadaki; Günter Gisselmann; Dietmar Fischer
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes severe and permanent disabilities due to the regenerative failure of severed axons. Here we report significant locomotor recovery of both hindlimbs after a complete spinal cord crush. This is achieved by the unilateral transduction of cortical motoneurons with an AAV expressing hyper-IL-6 (hIL-6), a potent designer cytokine stimulating JAK/STAT3 signaling and axon
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Carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide fiber with high torsional strength from rheological hierarchy control Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Wonsik Eom; Eunsong Lee; Sang Hoon Lee; Tae Hyun Sung; Adam J. Clancy; Won Jun Lee; Tae Hee Han
High torsional strength fibers are of practical interest for applications such as artificial muscles, electric generators, and actuators. Herein, we maximize torsional strength by understanding, measuring, and overcoming rheological thresholds of nanocarbon (nanotube/graphene oxide) dopes. The formed fibers show enhanced structure across multiple length scales, modified hierarchy, and improved mechanical
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The p63 C-terminus is essential for murine oocyte integrity Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Anna Maria Lena; Valerio Rossi; Susanne Osterburg; Artem Smirnov; Christian Osterburg; Marcel Tuppi; Angela Cappello; Ivano Amelio; Volker Dötsch; Massimo De Felici; Francesca Gioia Klinger; Margherita Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli; Herbert Valensise; Gerry Melino; Eleonora Candi
The transcription factor p63 mediates distinct cellular responses, primarily regulating epithelial and oocyte biology. In addition to the two amino terminal isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63, the 3’-end of p63 mRNA undergoes tissue-specific alternative splicing that leads to several isoforms, including p63α, p63β and p63γ. To investigate in vivo how the different isoforms fulfil distinct functions at the cellular
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Publisher Correction: Consistent effects of pesticides on community structure and ecosystem function in freshwater systems Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Samantha L. Rumschlag; Michael B. Mahon; Jason T. Hoverman; Thomas R. Raffel; Hunter J. Carrick; Peter J. Hudson; Jason R. Rohr
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20854-1.
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Serine synthesis pathway inhibition cooperates with dietary serine and glycine limitation for cancer therapy Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Mylène Tajan; Marc Hennequart; Eric C. Cheung; Fabio Zani; Andreas K. Hock; Nathalie Legrave; Oliver D. K. Maddocks; Rachel A. Ridgway; Dimitris Athineos; Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet; Robert L. Ludwig; Laura Novellasdemunt; Nikolaos Angelis; Vivian S. W. Li; Georgios Vlachogiannis; Nicola Valeri; Nello Mainolfi; Vipin Suri; Adam Friedman; Mark Manfredi; Karen Blyth; Owen J. Sansom; Karen H. Vousden
Many tumour cells show dependence on exogenous serine and dietary serine and glycine starvation can inhibit the growth of these cancers and extend survival in mice. However, numerous mechanisms promote resistance to this therapeutic approach, including enhanced expression of the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) enzymes or activation of oncogenes that drive enhanced serine synthesis. Here we show
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Diabatic heating governs the seasonality of the Atlantic Niño Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Hyacinth C. Nnamchi; Mojib Latif; Noel S. Keenlyside; Joakim Kjellsson; Ingo Richter
The Atlantic Niño is the leading mode of interannual sea-surface temperature (SST) variability in the equatorial Atlantic and assumed to be largely governed by coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics described by the Bjerknes-feedback loop. However, the role of the atmospheric diabatic heating, which can be either an indicator of the atmosphere’s response to, or its influence on the SST, is poorly understood
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Effects of plasma turbulence on the nonlinear evolution of magnetic island in tokamak Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Minjun J. Choi; Lāszlo Bardōczi; Jae-Min Kwon; T. S. Hahm; Hyeon K. Park; Jayhyun Kim; Minho Woo; Byoung-Ho Park; Gunsu S. Yun; Eisung Yoon; George McKee
Magnetic islands (MIs), resulting from a magnetic field reconnection, are ubiquitous structures in magnetized plasmas. In tokamak plasmas, recent researches suggested that the interaction between an MI and ambient turbulence can be important for the nonlinear MI evolution, but a lack of detailed experimental observations and analyses has prevented further understanding. Here, we provide comprehensive
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A structural polymer for highly efficient all-day passive radiative cooling Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Tong Wang; Yi Wu; Lan Shi; Xinhua Hu; Min Chen; Limin Wu
All-day passive radiative cooling has recently attracted tremendous interest by reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to the ultracold outer space. While some progress has been made, it still remains big challenge in fabricating highly efficient and low-cost radiative coolers for all-day and all-climates. Herein, we report a hierarchically structured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film with a micropore
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Two distinct catalytic pathways for GH43 xylanolytic enzymes unveiled by X-ray and QM/MM simulations Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Mariana A. B. Morais; Joan Coines; Mariane N. Domingues; Renan A. S. Pirolla; Celisa C. C. Tonoli; Camila R. Santos; Jessica B. L. Correa; Fabio C. Gozzo; Carme Rovira; Mario T. Murakami
Xylanolytic enzymes from glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) are involved in the breakdown of hemicellulose, the second most abundant carbohydrate in plants. Here, we kinetically and mechanistically describe the non-reducing-end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase activity and report the crystal structure of a native GH43 Michaelis complex with its substrate prior to hydrolysis. Two distinct calcium-stabilized
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SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Jing-Hui Tian; Nita Patel; Robert Haupt; Haixia Zhou; Stuart Weston; Holly Hammond; James Logue; Alyse D. Portnoff; James Norton; Mimi Guebre-Xabier; Bin Zhou; Kelsey Jacobson; Sonia Maciejewski; Rafia Khatoon; Malgorzata Wisniewska; Will Moffitt; Stefanie Kluepfel-Stahl; Betty Ekechukwu; James Papin; Sarathi Boddapati; C. Jason Wong; Pedro A. Piedra; Matthew B. Frieman; Michael J. Massare; Louis Fries;
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout the world with an urgent need for a safe and protective vaccine to effectuate herd protection and control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report the development of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) from the full-length spike (S) protein that is stable in the prefusion conformation. NVX-CoV2373 S form 27.2-nm nanoparticles that are thermostable
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Emergency deployment of direct air capture as a response to the climate crisis Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Ryan Hanna; Ahmed Abdulla; Yangyang Xu; David G. Victor
Though highly motivated to slow the climate crisis, governments may struggle to impose costly polices on entrenched interest groups, resulting in a greater need for negative emissions. Here, we model wartime-like crash deployment of direct air capture (DAC) as a policy response to the climate crisis, calculating funding, net CO2 removal, and climate impacts. An emergency DAC program, with investment
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Identification of fidelity-governing factors in human recombinases DMC1 and RAD51 from cryo-EM structures Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Shih-Chi Luo; Hsin-Yi Yeh; Wei-Hsuan Lan; Yi-Min Wu; Cheng-Han Yang; Hao-Yen Chang; Guan-Chin Su; Chia-Yi Lee; Wen-Jin Wu; Hung-Wen Li; Meng-Chiao Ho; Peter Chi; Ming-Daw Tsai
Both high-fidelity and mismatch-tolerant recombination, catalyzed by RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases, respectively, are indispensable for genomic integrity. Here, we use cryo-EM, MD simulation and functional analysis to elucidate the structural basis for the mismatch tolerance of DMC1. Structural analysis of DMC1 presynaptic and postsynaptic complexes suggested that the lineage-specific Loop 1 Gln244 (Met243
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From Ru-bda to Ru-bds: a step forward to highly efficient molecular water oxidation electrocatalysts under acidic and neutral conditions Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Jing Yang; Lei Wang; Shaoqi Zhan; Haiyuan Zou; Hong Chen; Mårten S. G. Ahlquist; Lele Duan; Licheng Sun
Significant advances during the past decades in the design and studies of Ru complexes with polypyridine ligands have led to the great development of molecular water oxidation catalysts and understanding on the O−O bond formation mechanisms. Here we report a Ru-based molecular water oxidation catalyst [Ru(bds)(pic)2] (Ru-bds; bds2− = 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-disulfonate) containing a tetradentate, dianionic
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An N-terminal conserved region in human Atg3 couples membrane curvature sensitivity to conjugase activity during autophagy Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Yansheng Ye; Erin R. Tyndall; Van Bui; Zhenyuan Tang; Yan Shen; Xuejun Jiang; John M. Flanagan; Hong-Gang Wang; Fang Tian
During autophagy the enzyme Atg3 catalyzes the covalent conjugation of LC3 to the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids, which is one of the key steps in autophagosome formation. Here, we have demonstrated that an N-terminal conserved region of human Atg3 (hAtg3) communicates information from the N-terminal membrane curvature-sensitive amphipathic helix (AH), which presumably targets
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Structure of a full-length bacterial polysaccharide co-polymerase Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Benjamin Wiseman; Ram Gopal Nitharwal; Göran Widmalm; Martin Högbom
Lipopolysaccharides are important components of the bacterial cell envelope that among other things act as a protective barrier against the environment and toxic molecules such as antibiotics. One of the most widely disseminated pathways of polysaccharide biosynthesis is the inner membrane bound Wzy-dependent pathway. Here we present the 3.0 Å structure of the co-polymerase component of this pathway
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Author Correction: NELL-1 in the treatment of osteoporotic bone loss Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Aaron W. James; Jia Shen; Xinli Zhang; Greg Asatrian; Raghav Goyal; Jin H. Kwak; Lin Jiang; Benjamin Bengs; Cymbeline T. Culiat; A. Simon Turner; Howard B. Seim; Benjamin M. Wu; Karen Lyons; John S. Adams; Kang Ting; Chia Soo
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20933-x .
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A DNA origami-based aptamer nanoarray for potent and reversible anticoagulation in hemodialysis Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Shuai Zhao; Run Tian; Jun Wu; Shaoli Liu; Yuanning Wang; Meng Wen; Yingxu Shang; Qing Liu; Yan Li; Ying Guo; Zhaoran Wang; Ting Wang; Yujing Zhao; Huiru Zhao; Hui Cao; Yu Su; Jiashu Sun; Qiao Jiang; Baoquan Ding
Effective and safe hemodialysis is essential for patients with acute kidney injury and chronic renal failures. However, the development of effective anticoagulant agents with safe antidotes for use during hemodialysis has proven challenging. Here, we describe DNA origami-based assemblies that enable the inhibition of thrombin activity and thrombus formation. Two different thrombin-binding aptamers
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Regulatory protein HilD stimulates Salmonella Typhimurium invasiveness by promoting smooth swimming via the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein McpC Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Kendal G. Cooper; Audrey Chong; Laszlo Kari; Brendan Jeffrey; Tregei Starr; Craig Martens; Molly McClurg; Victoria R. Posada; Richard C. Laughlin; Canaan Whitfield-Cargile; L. Garry Adams; Laura K. Bryan; Sara V. Little; Mary Krath; Sara D. Lawhon; Olivia Steele-Mortimer
In the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, invasion and motility are coordinated by the master regulator HilD, which induces expression of the type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1) and motility genes. Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) detect specific ligands and control the direction of the flagellar motor, promoting tumbling and changes in direction (if a repellent is
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Dual RNA 3’-end processing of H2A.X messenger RNA maintains DNA damage repair throughout the cell cycle Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Esther Griesbach; Margarita Schlackow; William F. Marzluff; Nick J. Proudfoot
Phosphorylated H2A.X is a critical chromatin marker of DNA damage repair (DDR) in higher eukaryotes. However, H2A.X gene expression remains relatively uncharacterised. Replication-dependent (RD) histone genes generate poly(A)- mRNA encoding new histones to package DNA during replication. In contrast, replication-independent (RI) histone genes synthesise poly(A)+ mRNA throughout the cell cycle, translated
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Graphical analysis for phenome-wide causal discovery in genotyped population-scale biobanks Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 David Amar; Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong; Euan A. Ashley; Manuel A. Rivas
Causal inference via Mendelian randomization requires making strong assumptions about horizontal pleiotropy, where genetic instruments are connected to the outcome not only through the exposure. Here, we present causal Graphical Analysis Using Genetics (cGAUGE), a pipeline that overcomes these limitations using instrument filters with provable properties. This is achievable by identifying conditional
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Very low mutation burden is a feature of inflamed recurrent glioblastomas responsive to cancer immunotherapy Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Matthias Gromeier; Michael C. Brown; Gao Zhang; Xiang Lin; Yeqing Chen; Zhi Wei; Nike Beaubier; Hai Yan; Yiping He; Annick Desjardins; James E. Herndon; Frederick S. Varn; Roel G. Verhaak; Junfei Zhao; Dani P. Bolognesi; Allan H. Friedman; Henry S. Friedman; Frances McSherry; Andrea M. Muscat; Eric S. Lipp; Smita K. Nair; Mustafa Khasraw; Katherine B. Peters; Dina Randazzo; John H. Sampson; Roger E
Several immunotherapy clinical trials in recurrent glioblastoma have reported long-term survival benefits in 10–20% of patients. Here we perform genomic analysis of tumor tissue from recurrent WHO grade IV glioblastoma patients acquired prior to immunotherapy intervention. We report that very low tumor mutation burden is associated with longer survival after recombinant polio virotherapy or after immune
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Engineered dual selection for directed evolution of SpCas9 PAM specificity Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Gregory W. Goldberg; Jeffrey M. Spencer; David O. Giganti; Brendan R. Camellato; Neta Agmon; David M. Ichikawa; Jef D. Boeke; Marcus B. Noyes
The widely used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nuclease derives its DNA targeting specificity from protein-DNA contacts with protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences, in addition to base-pairing interactions between its guide RNA and target DNA. Previous reports have established that the PAM specificity of SpCas9 can be altered via positive selection procedures for directed evolution or other
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Deep learning encodes robust discriminative neuroimaging representations to outperform standard machine learning Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Anees Abrol; Zening Fu; Mustafa Salman; Rogers Silva; Yuhui Du; Sergey Plis; Vince Calhoun
Recent critical commentaries unfavorably compare deep learning (DL) with standard machine learning (SML) approaches for brain imaging data analysis. However, their conclusions are often based on pre-engineered features depriving DL of its main advantage — representation learning. We conduct a large-scale systematic comparison profiled in multiple classification and regression tasks on structural MRI
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Mixed halide perovskites for spectrally stable and high-efficiency blue light-emitting diodes Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Max Karlsson; Ziyue Yi; Sebastian Reichert; Xiyu Luo; Weihua Lin; Zeyu Zhang; Chunxiong Bao; Rui Zhang; Sai Bai; Guanhaojie Zheng; Pengpeng Teng; Lian Duan; Yue Lu; Kaibo Zheng; Tönu Pullerits; Carsten Deibel; Weidong Xu; Richard Friend; Feng Gao
Bright and efficient blue emission is key to further development of metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes. Although modifying bromide/chloride composition is straightforward to achieve blue emission, practical implementation of this strategy has been challenging due to poor colour stability and severe photoluminescence quenching. Both detrimental effects become increasingly prominent in perovskites
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Genome-wide macroevolutionary signatures of key innovations in butterflies colonizing new host plants Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Rémi Allio; Benoit Nabholz; Stefan Wanke; Guillaume Chomicki; Oscar A. Pérez-Escobar; Adam M. Cotton; Anne-Laure Clamens; Gaël J. Kergoat; Felix A. H. Sperling; Fabien L. Condamine
The mega-diversity of herbivorous insects is attributed to their co-evolutionary associations with plants. Despite abundant studies on insect-plant interactions, we do not know whether host-plant shifts have impacted both genomic adaptation and species diversification over geological times. We show that the antagonistic insect-plant interaction between swallowtail butterflies and the highly toxic birthworts
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Contextual dependencies expand the re-usability of genetic inverters Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Huseyin Tas; Lewis Grozinger; Ruud Stoof; Victor de Lorenzo; Ángel Goñi-Moreno
The implementation of Boolean logic circuits in cells have become a very active field within synthetic biology. Although these are mostly focussed on the genetic components alone, the context in which the circuit performs is crucial for its outcome. We characterise 20 genetic NOT logic gates in up to 7 bacterial-based contexts each, to generate 135 different functions. The contexts we focus on are
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A persistently low level of atmospheric oxygen in Earth’s middle age Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Xiao-Ming Liu; Linda C. Kah; Andrew H. Knoll; Huan Cui; Chao Wang; Andrey Bekker; Robert M. Hazen
Resolving how Earth surface redox conditions evolved through the Proterozoic Eon is fundamental to understanding how biogeochemical cycles have changed through time. The redox sensitivity of cerium relative to other rare earth elements and its uptake in carbonate minerals make the Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce*) a particularly useful proxy for capturing redox conditions in the local marine environment. Here, we
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Finite-size security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with digital signal processing Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Takaya Matsuura; Kento Maeda; Toshihiko Sasaki; Masato Koashi
In comparison to conventional discrete-variable (DV) quantum key distribution (QKD), continuous-variable (CV) QKD with homodyne/heterodyne measurements has distinct advantages of lower-cost implementation and affinity to wavelength division multiplexing. On the other hand, its continuous nature makes it harder to accommodate to practical signal processing, which is always discretized, leading to lack
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Single cell transcriptomic analysis of human pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Chia-Lung Wu; Amanda Dicks; Nancy Steward; Ruhang Tang; Dakota B. Katz; Yun-Rak Choi; Farshid Guilak
The therapeutic application of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for cartilage regeneration is largely hindered by the low yield of chondrocytes accompanied by unpredictable and heterogeneous off-target differentiation of cells during chondrogenesis. Here, we combine bulk RNA sequencing, single cell RNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses, including weighted gene co-expression analysis
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Non-invasive suppression of essential tremor via phase-locked disruption of its temporal coherence Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Sebastian R. Schreglmann; David Wang; Robert L. Peach; Junheng Li; Xu Zhang; Anna Latorre; Edward Rhodes; Emanuele Panella; Antonino M. Cassara; Edward S. Boyden; Mauricio Barahona; Sabato Santaniello; John Rothwell; Kailash P. Bhatia; Nir Grossman
Aberrant neural oscillations hallmark numerous brain disorders. Here, we first report a method to track the phase of neural oscillations in real-time via endpoint-corrected Hilbert transform (ecHT) that mitigates the characteristic Gibbs distortion. We then used ecHT to show that the aberrant neural oscillation that hallmarks essential tremor (ET) syndrome, the most common adult movement disorder,
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Age-related and disease locus-specific mechanisms contribute to early remodelling of chromatin structure in Huntington’s disease mice Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Rafael Alcalá-Vida; Jonathan Seguin; Caroline Lotz; Anne M. Molitor; Ibai Irastorza-Azcarate; Ali Awada; Nezih Karasu; Aurélie Bombardier; Brigitte Cosquer; Jose Luis Gomez Skarmeta; Jean-Christophe Cassel; Anne-Laurence Boutillier; Thomas Sexton; Karine Merienne
Temporal dynamics and mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes in Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the striatum, remain unclear. Using a slowly progressing knockin mouse model, we profile the HD striatal chromatin landscape at two early disease stages. Data integration with cell type-specific striatal enhancer and transcriptomic databases demonstrates acceleration
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Genome-wide analyses of behavioural traits are subject to bias by misreports and longitudinal changes Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Angli Xue; Longda Jiang; Zhihong Zhu; Naomi R. Wray; Peter M. Visscher; Jian Zeng; Jian Yang
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered numerous genetic variants associated with human behavioural traits. However, behavioural traits are subject to misreports and longitudinal changes (MLC) which can cause biases in GWAS and follow-up analyses. Here, we demonstrate that individuals with higher disease burden in the UK Biobank (n = 455,607) are more likely to misreport or reduce their
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Publisher Correction: Light-driven formation of manganese oxide by today’s photosystem II supports evolutionarily ancient manganese-oxidizing photosynthesis Nat. Commun. (IF 12.121) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Petko Chernev; Sophie Fischer; Jutta Hoffmann; Nicholas Oliver; Ricardo Assunção; Boram Yu; Robert L. Burnap; Ivelina Zaharieva; Dennis J. Nürnberg; Michael Haumann; Holger Dau
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20868-9
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