The study was conducted to calibrate and characterise the response of the Timepix3 photon-counting hybrid pixel detector. The study was conducted to calibrate and characterise the response of the Timepix3 photon-counting hybrid pixel detector. The goal was also to determine the impact of the angular variation of the detector to the source, of temperature change, and of ambient or strobe light on the

The contribution describes the design of Timepix-based hodoscope for cubesat applications, such as PilsenCube2, developed by the University of West Bohemia. The hodoscope is composed of two Timepix detectors with silicon thickness of 300μm, placed in back-to-back arrangement and rotated relative to each other by 90°, forming a telescope set-up. A copper separator is placed between two detectors to

The proposed SHiP experiment located at the CERN SPS will search for feebly interacting particles with masses below 10 GeV/c2. A veto timing detector will reject combinatorial di-muon backgrounds by requiring event to be coincident in time within 100 ps. The baseline option for the timing detector consist of scintillating bars read out by arrays of silicon photomultipliers. The detector comprises 546

The inner tracker of the ATLAS detector is scheduled to be replaced by a completely new silicon-based inner tracker (ITk) for the Phase-II of the CERN LHC (HL-LHC). The silicon strip detector covers the volume 40

The MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer is used in the experimental measurements of Double Charge Exchange and Multi-Nucleon Transfer reactions induced by heavy ions within the NUMEN project. These processes are characterized by small cross sections under a large background due to other reaction channels. Therefore an accurate control of the signal to background ratio is mandatory. In this article, the determination

Located on the site of the Elettra Sincrotrone in Trieste, Italy, the FERMI free-electron laser (FEL) is a user facility fed by a 1.5 GeV, 10 to 50 Hz, S-band radio-frequency linear accelerator (linac). The FEL is based on an external laser seeding scheme which allows lasing down to a fundamental wavelength of 4 nm. In order to achieve shorter wavelengths and improved beam quality, a high gradient

Recently, the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) has placed a contract with Hamamatsu Photonics to acquire hundreds of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) tiles to build 10 cameras with 37 tiles each for the ASTRI Mini-Array (MA) project. Each tile is made up of 8 × 8 pixels of 7 × 7 mm2 with micro-cells of 75μm. To check the quality of the delivered tiles a complex and accurate test plan has been

MLLTRAP is a double Penning trap mass spectrometer that was initially designed to be located at the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratory (MLL) in Garching (Germany) for high precision mass measurements of exotic nuclei. A second double-trap assembly, dedicated this time to in-trap α decay spectroscopy, has been developed and is the object of this paper. This assembly can optionally replace the current mass-measurement

In this study, high concentration (5 mol%) of cerium doped barium fluoride transparent ceramic was fabricated by hot pressing method t a temperature of 1200 °C under 30 MPa. XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), PLE (Photoluminescence Emission) measurements was used to investigate the phase composition, microstructure as well as photoluminescence properties of Ce3+: BaF2. XEL

The Phase-2 upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) allows an increase in the operational luminosity value by a factor of 5–7 that will result in delivering 3000 fb−1 or more integrated luminosity. Due to high luminosity, the number of interactions per bunch crossings (pileup) will increase up to a value of 140–200. To cope with high pileup rates, a precision minimum

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), owing to their low-level photon counting capabilities, have increased in popularity in the field of high energy astrophysics, particle physics and medical imaging. It is crucial to accurately characterise SiPMs so they can be optimised for a particular application such as the Compact High Energy Camera (CHEC-S) for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT). Extraction

Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) has been continuously developing and improving silicon photomultiplier technologies, for example with peak efficiency in the blue (near-ultra-violet, NUV), or in the green (red-green-blue, RGB) region of the spectrum. Over the last years there has been a growing interest in silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) applications at cryogenic temperatures (e.g.: for the readout

We report on the results of a radiation campaign with neutrons and protons of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) produced by Hamamatsu (HPK) as prototypes for the High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) in ATLAS. Sensors with an active thickness of 50μm were irradiated in steps of roughly 2× up to a fluence of 3×1015neqcm−2. As a function of the fluence, the collected charge and time resolution of

Several future high-energy physics facilities are currently being planned. The proposed projects include high energy e+e− circular and linear colliders, hadron colliders, and muon colliders, while the Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) is expected to construct at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in the future. Each proposal has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of readiness, cost, schedule, and

The Micro-Layered Fast Neutron Detector (MLFD) is a proton-recoil scintillator that incorporates the basic concept of a Hornyak button detector with an improved design using a layered structure of ZnS:Ag and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). The MLFD was predicted to have low sensitivity to gamma rays, hence pulse shape discrimination was performed to determine the gamma-ray contribution. Presented in

The TIMESPOT project aims at the construction of a mini-tracker demonstrator implementing both high space and time resolutions at the single pixel level. The pixels have a pitch of 55 × 55 μm2. Specified time resolution is equal or better than 50 ps. Developed sensors are based both on 3D silicon and diamond technologies, whose layout and fabrication process have been suitably optimised for best time

The CERN-EU high-energy Reference Field (CERF) facility provides an almost unique high-energy workplace radiation field for calibrating and testing radiation protection instrumentation employed at high-energy accelerators and for aircraft and space dosimetry. For the available exposure locations, this work provides the particle fluences of the various components of the radiation field, and a new set

This work aims to analyse the tolerances given by two effects on the performance of the travelling-wave accelerating structure: the reflection along the structure and the change in the nominal accelerating voltage, which is essential for the projects with a large number of accelerating structures. The detuning and dephasing caused by systematic temperature shifts, systematic geometric errors and random

The Large Size Telescope (LST) is the largest telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array project, with a diameter of 23 m and a focal plane instrumentation of 4 square meters. In the current design, it comprises cameras equipped with arrays of 1855 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Each PMT has a light concentrator in front to reduce the stray light as well as reduce the dead space between PMTs. These

Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPM) are rapidly approaching a significant maturity stage, making them a well recognised platform for the development of evolutionary and novel solutions in a wide range of applications for research and industry. However, they are still affected by stochastic terms, notably a high Dark Count Rate (DCR), limiting their use when single photo-electron pulses convey the required

The LabOSat collaboration (acronym for “Laboratory On a Satellite”) aims to increase the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of electronic devices and components for space-borne applications. We have developed a single-board electronic platform which is able to operate in space conditions. This board harbors Devices Under Test and performs electric experiments on them. Since 2014, we have participated

FORCE is a Japan–US space-based astronomy mission for an X-ray imaging spectroscopy in an energy range of 1–80 keV. The Wideband Hybrid X-ray Imager (WHXI), which is the main focal plane detector, will use a hybrid semiconductor imager stack composed of silicon and cadmium telluride (CdTe). The silicon imager will be a certain type of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) pixel sensor, named the X-ray pixel

A fundamental study was conducted on the effectiveness of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) pixel detector for industrial applications. In this study, we developed a measurement system for X-ray tri-axial stress analysis by using an INTPIX4, an integrated SOI pixel detector developed by Arai et al. This system measured the diffraction ring diffracted backward from the polycrystalline sample by using a CrKα

We have developed a neutron imaging sensor based on an INTPIX4-SOI pixelated silicon device. Neutron irradiation tests are performed at several neutron facilities to investigate sensor’s responses for neutrons. Detection efficiency is measured to be around 1.5% for thermal neutrons. Upper bound of spatial resolution is evaluated to be 4.1±0.2μm in terms of a standard deviation of the line spread function

The ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) detector is undergoing a major upgrade in order to cope with the increased data rates and to meet the requirements as set out by the physics goals of the experiment after the LHC Long Shutdown 2 (LS2). The new ITS will be completely made up of monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS), called ALPIDE, based on the CMOS 180 nm process. A single sensor measures 30 mm × 15 mm

The technology for evaluation of metal materials encompasses machine parts and structures. Residual stress is one indicator used for evaluating the strength and stiffness of metal materials. X-ray residual stress measurement is a non-destructive, non-contact, and precise method in various residual stress measurement methods. This method is used only for research purposes because of its long measurement

Particle detectors based on liquid argon (LAr) have recently become recognized as an extremely attractive technology for the direct detection of dark matter as well as the measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS). The Chinese argon group at Institute of High Energy Physics has been studying the LAr detector technology and a LAr detector has been operating steadily. A program

Bioluminescence detection requires single-photon sensitivity, extremely low detection limits and wide dynamic range. Such performances were traditionally assured by photomultiplier-tubes based systems. However, development of novel applications and industrialisation call for the introduction of more robust, compact and scalable devices. Silicon photomultipliers were recently put forward as the alternative

The DarkSide programme aims to a WIMP direct detection using a dual phase argon time projection chamber. The next generation experiment, DS-20k, will be a detector in excess of 20 tonnes of fiducial mass. A pivotal aspect to the sensitivity of the experiment is its light detection technology. The DarkSide collaboration decided to adopt Silicon Photomultipliers for its Photo Detector Module (PDM). Each

The Backward Angle Neutron Detector (BAND) of CLAS12 detects neutrons emitted at backward angles of 155∘ to 175∘, with momenta between 200 and 600 MeV/c0. It is positioned 3-m upstream of the target, consists of 18 rows and 5 layers of 7.2-cm by 7.2-cm scintillator bars, and read out on both ends by PMTs to measure time and energy deposition in the scintillator layers. Between the target and BAND there

The UV–visible absorption spectra of virgin and gamma ray-irradiated thermally treated and non-thermally treated CR-39 polymeric track detectors are measured using a UV–visiblespectrometer. Annealing experiments are carried out on CR-39 polymer films exposed to 60Co. The prime aim of this research is to find a relationship between the gamma ray dose and the corresponding changes in the optical properties

GBL15, the UK’s noble gas certified Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) radionuclide laboratory supports the International Monitoring System (IMS) through measurement of environmental radioxenon samples using β−γ coincidence spectrometry. GBL15 currently utilises a system comprised of NaI(Tl) γ-detectors and plastic scintillator β-detectors to measure coincident emissions from the four radioxenon

After a long design and development, a prototype of the pixel detector front-end readout chip is proposed for the HL-LHC ATLAS and CMS upgrades. It provides data streams using up to four lanes running at 1.28 Gbps each. In parallel to that, an off-detector high-speed electronic readout system card, namely FELIX, has been developed and proposed to be shared among the ATLAS sub-detectors. This paper

The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment (CBM) operating at high heavy-ion interaction rates of up to 10 MHz excludes conventional, latency-limited trigger architectures. Instead, CBM opted for a trigger-less streaming readout. To be able to operate the experiment at highest interaction rates, despite beam intensity fluctuations introduced by the slow extraction of the SIS 100 synchrotron, a time-based

We fabricated a pixelated silicon sensor with a junction field effect transistor (JFET) on a 650μm thick, high-resistivity (> 5 kΩ ⋅cm) n-type double-sided polished 6-in. silicon wafer using a double-sided fabrication process. The JFET, which had a cylindrical structure, acted as a switch to read out charges accumulated in the pixelated sensor. We investigated the electrical characteristics of the

In the past few years, there has been growing interest in the development of silicon sensors able to simultaneously measure accurately the time of passage and the position of impinging charged particles. In this contribution, a review of the progresses in the design of UFSD (Ultra-Fast Silicon Detectors) sensors, manufactured at the FBK (Fondazione Bruno Kessler) Foundry, aiming at tracking charged

The technology for producing metal ceramic (MC) plates is described. It was shown that application of the MC cathode allows one to increase the beam power by a factor ∼1.5 and the current by a factor of 2, compared to metal–dielectric cathodes. It has been found that the emission properties of the MC cathode can be controlled by changing the composition of the MC plate as well as by changing the geometric

A novel crystal scintillator of RbBa2I5:Eu2+ was grown by the Bridgman–Stockbarger method. Its luminescence and scintillation properties were investigated. Under X-ray excitation, the crystal demonstrates blue luminescence peaking at 436 nm associated with 4f65d1→ 4f7 radiative transitions of Eu2+ ions. The main X-ray luminescence decay constant is 800 ns. The light output of RbBa2I5:3%Eu2+ sample

The scintillation process in plastic scintillators has been studied with mixed systems containing high concentrations of multiple fluorescence dyes. It has been shown that the triplet–triplet interaction phenomena leading to the production of delayed light and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) can vary depending on the triplet energies of the interacting dyes. At small differences between the first

Most Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) microscopes for imaging monochromatic laser-produced plasma are composed of two concave multilayer mirrors; their energy resolution (ΔE∕E) is approximately 1×10−1. In this study, a new type of monochromatic KB microscope combining a spherically bent crystal and a multilayer mirror was developed. As the spherically bent crystal features a narrow spectral bandwidth, it can

The CMS Binary Chip (CBC) is a front-end ASIC to be used by the CMS tracker following its upgrade for High Luminosity LHC operation. It will instrument special silicon microstrip detectors to identify high transverse momentum particles in real time so tracking data can be used in the L1 trigger. The CBC should be robust against Single Event Upsets (SEUs). SEU rates have been measured in a series of

The displacement damage effects on indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) p-i-n photodetectors induced by neutron at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) are analyzed. The irradiation fluence range from 1.0 × 1011 to 3.6 × 1013 cm−2. The InGaAs p-i-n photodetector under investigation was fabricated with top illumination structure. The forward and reverse bias current–voltage (I–V) under the dark environment

Charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the performance of a CCD detector caused by displacement damages. In order to help the users to know about the CTI increase of the CCD detectors for applications in particle detection or space applications, the CTI increase caused by proton and neutron irradiations are presented. The proton radiation experiments

Recent advances in CMOS imaging sensor technology have led to designs able to withstand much higher radiation levels, up to those required at hadron colliders for all but the innermost layers. Also, with stitching, wafer scale devices have been fabricated on the same process as used for the prototypes described in this submission, for applications such as, for example, direct electron detection in

The X-ray SOI pixel sensor onboard the FORCE satellite will be placed in the low earth orbit and will consequently suffer from the radiation effects mainly caused by geomagnetically trapped cosmic-ray protons. Based on previous studies on the effects of radiation on SOI pixel sensors, the positive charges trapped in the oxide layer significantly affect the performance of the sensor. To improve the

Results of an extensive R&D program aiming at radiation hard, small pitch, 3D pixel sensors are reported. The CMS experiment is supporting this R&D in the scope of the Inner Tracker upgrade for the High Luminosity phase of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). In the HL-LHC the Inner Tracker will have to withstand an integrated fluence up to 2.3×1016neq∕cm2. A small number of 3D sensors were interconnected

In this paper, a Pixelated Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitor (RGIPM) has been proposed for the 320 kV High-Voltage Platform at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beam profile monitoring in both the horizontal and vertical directions is realized in one-meter length. A compact microchannel plate (MCP) detector with an array of the Topmetal-II− pixel ASIC as the anode

Belle II detector upgrade is being discussed aiming to collect five times larger integrated luminosity of 250 ab−1. The beam background level is expected five times higher than current design, thus a new pixel vertex detector with faster readout should be developed. We have invented a new pixel detector concept DuTiP for the Belle II upgrade which can be also used for the International Linear Collider (ILC)

A sagittally focusing X-ray crystal monochromator based on diffractive-refractive optics is a four-crystal (+,-,-,+) monochromator with parabolic longitudinal grooves on the crystals surface. Such a monochromator is simultaneously able of focusing and monochromatizing a white beam. The focusing was experimentally proved in earlier papers but the size of the focus was always larger than expected. This

The physics goals at the proposed future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) pose challenging demands on the performance of the detector system. Precise hit-time tagging with a few nanoseconds resolution is required for the vertex and tracking detectors, as well as a very low mass per layer combined with a single-plane spatial resolution of a few micrometers. To address these requirements, an all silicon

We discuss a signal theorem for charged particle detectors where the finite propagation time of the electromagnetic waves produced by a moving charge cannot be neglected. While the original Ramo-Shockley theorem and related extensions are all based on electrostatic or quasi-electrostatic approximations, the theorem presented in this report is based on the full extent of Maxwell’s equations and does

Silicon Drift Detectors, widely employed in high-resolution and high-rate X-ray applications, are considered here with interest also for electron detection. The accurate measurement of the tritium beta decay is the core of the TRISTAN (TRitium Investigation on STerile to Active Neutrino mixing) project. This work presents the characterization of a single-pixel SDD detector with a mono-energetic electron

Gamma images inherently contain noise distributions owing to the low photon count in a detector. Several methods using semiconductor detectors have been reported to overcome this challenge. Median modified Wiener filter (MMWF) algorithm is one of the effective noise reduction methods, which employs mask size as an essential parameter for optimization. In this study, we evaluated and optimized the acquired

We present a new track fitting algorithm for high energy physics experiments dedicated for handling the non-Gaussian detector effects. It uses a comprehensive propagation model to predict the particle trajectory, as well as flexible and parameterized models (FPM method) to describe the contributions from multiple scattering, to estimate of the positions of hits, and to calculate the energy losses.

The Instrument and method for measuring the dose rates in 60Co γ rays environment with a 2K×2K CMOS image sensor (CIS) imaging system are presented. The experiments were carried out at 60Co γ rays facility. The output signal increase, the frequency of effective spike were measured by the CIS imaging system under the γ rays environment at various dose rates. The dose rates were also measured by the

The MicroPlus Bridge V2 silicon microdosimeter was exposed to collimated protons in a clinical radiotherapy beam, a mixed photon–neutron radiation field from a sealed 252Cf source and γ-rays from a 137Cs source in order to investigate the accuracy and the uncertainty budget associated with the calibration of this detector by means of the proton-edge technique. At first, the energy values associated

This paper presents a fully integrated 10-bit 100 MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) ADC for the high energy physics experiments. The ADC uses a non-binary weighted capacitor digital-to-analog converter (C-DAC) network and a hybrid capacitor switching procedure to increase conversion accuracy and speed. A metastability elimination technique is employed to avoid comparator metastability, and

We have been developing P-channel Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) for the upcoming X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM, planned to be launched in 2021. While the basic design of the CCD camera (Soft X-ray Imager: SXI) is almost the same as that of the lost Hitomi (ASTRO-H) observatory, we are planning to reduce the phenomenon of “light leakages” that is one of the largest problems recognized in Hitomi data

Serial powering is the baseline choice for the upgrade of the CMS pixel detector for the High Luminosity LHC. The first results with the four-chip prototype pixel detector modules based on the demonstrator 65 nm CMOS technology RD53A chip are presented. The serially powered chain is operated at a constant supply current and the regulation is performed on-chip using a shunt low-dropout regulator (SLDO)

In this work, a novel three-dimensional (3D) structure of silicon detector: 3D-Compound-Shell-Electrode detector (3DCSED), based on the 3D-Trench-Electrode detector and 3D-Open-Shell-Electrode detector (3DOSED), is proposed. In a 3DCSED, an open trench electrode will be etched about 10% of the detector thickness from the bottom side of the detector to meet the close trench electrode etched about 90%