In the last two decades we have assisted to a rush towards finding a 3He-replacing technology capable of detecting neutrons emitted from fissile isotopes. The demand stems from applications like nuclear war-head screening or preventing illicit traffic of radiological materials. Semiconductor detectors stand among the stronger contenders, particularly those based on materials possessing a wide band

A fully analytic formalism based on the exact solution of the Liouville equation expressed in terms of exponential operators describing the phase space of particles’ beams is adopted for studying the longitudinal dynamics in RF accelerators and magnetic compressors. A diagnostic solution is provided for the temporal reconstruction of bunch profiles in dispersive lines, solely relying on the measurement

The study that we present is part of the preparation work for the setup of the FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment whose main goal is the measurement of the double differential cross sections of fragments produced in nuclear interactions of particles with energies relevant for particle therapy. The present work is focused on the characterization of the gas-filled drift chamber detector composed

Being able to accurately determine the efficiency of detection, in respect of having precise measurements of radioactivity, represents one of the main objectives of every gamma spectrometry laboratory. In standard gamma spectrometry practice, activities of low-energy emitters can prove to be difficult for measurement. Gamma spectrometry is often used as an initial monitoring tool to determine basic

We present a method for enhancing the sensitivity of X-ray telescopic observations with imaging polarimeters, with a focus on the gas pixel detectors (GPDs) to be flown on the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Our analysis determines photoelectron directions, X-ray absorption points and X-ray energies for 1-9 keV event tracks, with estimates for both the statistical and model (reconstruction)

The 100 element neutron detector array facility, National Array of Neutron Detectors (NAND) has been installed at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi for experiments in heavy-ion reaction studies. The detector array consists of 100 organic liquid scintillators, each of size 5”×5” coupled to 5 in. diameter photomultiplier. The liquid cells are mounted at 175 cm from the target with

This article reports a detailed description of the integration tests of the first Rapidly Relocatable Tagged Neutron Inspection System (RRTNIS) carried out at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre in Ispra (Italy). This technology allows the detection and identification of suspicious or illicit materials (such as narcotics, explosives, contraband goods, etc.) inside a cargo container using

We have been developing a new type of X-ray pixel sensors, “XRPIX”, allowing us to perform imaging spectroscopy in the wide energy band of 1–20keV for the future Japanese X-ray satellite “FORCE”. The XRPIX devices are fabricated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon-on-insulator technology, and have the “Event-Driven readout mode”, in which only a hit event is read out by using hit information

For the construction of the Inner Tracker (ITk) as part of the phase-II upgrade programme of the ATLAS detector for the High-Luminosity (HL) LHC, batches of Long Strip (LS) and Short Strip (SS) n+-in-p type micro-strip sensors have been produced by Hamamatsu Photonics and Infineon. The full size sensors measure approximately 98 × 98 mm2 and are designed and engineered for tolerance against the 9.7

The paper describes various multi-channel ASICs designed by OMEGA laboratory and WEEROC company to readout SiPM or MPPC-based detectors used in particle physics or astrophysics experiments.

Gate modules based on avalanche technology for photocathode gating to proximity-focused microchannel-plate image intensifier (MCPII) are often limited to short gate exposures. A nanosecond pulse module based on MOSFET devices has been demonstrated at our lab, which is capable of generating pulses of adjustable full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 3 ns to D.C. operation with 1 ns switching time and

A previous publication has shown that the in-plane polarization (IPP) component of a polarized 0.97-GeV/c deuteron beam in the COSY storage ring may acquire a polarization half-life in excess of 1000 s through a combination of beam bunching, electron cooling (prior to any spin manipulation), sextupole field adjustment, and a limitation of the beam intensity. This paper documents further tests pointing

The new APPLE X undulators are novel elliptically-polarised undulators, which have a highly symmetric geometry. Theoretically, all the elliptical polarisation states are expected to have the same deflection parameter if the magnetic and geometrical errors are negligible Calvi et al. (2017). Nonetheless, the magnetic measurements of the first ten APPLE X undulators performed at Paul Scherrer Institut

Flash radiotherapy is a technology that could modify the way radiotherapy is delivered in the future. Radiotherapy’s main goal is delivering dose to the tumor while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. The Flash scheme utilizes much higher dose rates in much shorter irradiation times compared to conventional radiotherapy. In this context, the high energy proton machine (220–230 MeV) to irradiate

The driver accelerator of the RAON is a superconducting linear accelerator consisting of low beta cavities. Studies of various failure modes are performed through extensive machine imperfection studies. It is found that the linac is tolerant of any single superconducting cavity loss except the first nine upstream QWR cavities. Studies also find that the linac design is tolerant of 10% upstream-section

The reduction of transient stored beam perturbations generated by top-up injection into storage rings has since long been a topic of intense research and development in the synchrotron radiation community. The issue is particularly relevant to present and future fourth-generation storage rings, for which beam stability is a crucial performance parameter. In this paper, we report on the design and commissioning

The monitoring of radioxenon in the atmosphere is one of several methods to detect nuclear weapon tests as part of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. For ultra-low radioxenon detection, a phoswich detector with two scintillators coupled to a single photomultiplier was explored to simplify the time-based coincidence detection systems such as SAUNA and ARSA. We present a well-type NaI(Tl)/BC404

Low neutron intensity is a critical problem for neutron scattering measurements at compact sources Among various other methods, reflection-based neutron-focusing devices have been developed to increase the neutron flux on samples. In this study, we utilized nested neutron-focusing optics to converge a neutron beam with large divergence. These optics consisted of nested full conical shells that were

This study investigated the feasibility of using a neural network for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) with limited projection data. In order to determine the therapeutic dose for use in BNCT under neutron irradiation, a real-time reconstruction method is required. However, BNCT-SPECT has limitations related to the projection angle range and

The ATLAS upgrade programme for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) includes the replacement of the inner tracking detector with an all-silicon Inner Tracker system (ITk). The outer layers of the new tracker consist of strip sensors and the inner region is made up of pixel sensors. This paper describes the development of the endcaps for the pixel system. The endcaps are built from half-rings

We describe some applications of SiPMs developed for space-borne detectors to be employed in astroparticle physics research. SiPMs were first installed in space in 2005 on board of the International Space Station (ISS) in the Lazio-Sirad experiment. In Lazio-Sirad the SiPMs have been used as sensors of a small calorimeter to measure radiation environment in space and assess the effectiveness of shielding

Streak cameras are commonly used to measure duration and temporal structure of subpicosecond pulses. The resolution of a streak camera system strongly depends on the slew rate of the deflecting element, which approximately equals to the product of the amplitude and operation frequency of the device. As a combination of high frequency and high gradient, THz-driven deflector based streak camera system

A new set of Double-Differential FRaGmentation (DDFRG) models for proton and light ion production from high energy nucleus–nucleus collisions, relevant to space radiation, is introduced. The proton model employs thermal production from the projectile, central fireball and target sources, as well as quasi-elastic direct knockout production. The light ion model uses a hybrid coalescence model. The data

Ionization profile monitors (IPMs) are widely used in accelerators for non-destructive and fast diagnostics of high energy particle beams. At high beam intensities, the space-charge forces make the measured IPM profiles significantly different from those of the beams. We analyze dynamics of the secondaries in IPMs and develop an effective algorithm to reconstruct the beam sizes from the measured IPM

Three different Artificial Neural Network architectures have been applied to perform neutron/γ discrimination in neda based on waveform and time-of-flight information. Using the coincident γ-rays from agata, we have been able to measure and compare on real data the performances of the Artificial Neural Networks as classifiers. While the general performances are quite similar for the data set we used

Here we are describing the experimental realization of the rotating magnetic field neutron spin echo (RFSE) technique that is based on spin turners using truly rotating magnetic fields. RFSE has no practical limit for short Fourier times and a “shorty” instrument mode built on this principle can be easily used at generic neutron spin echo spectrometers to increase their dynamical range beyond that

A method for controlling the energy of slowed-down RI beams with the goal energy of 20 MeV/u was developed at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory. The 93Zr beam energy was successfully tuned to 20.2 MeV/u in a single step by adjusting its momentum selected by the first dipole magnet after a primary target. A method for particle identification was developed for the secondary reaction fragments at 50 MeV/u. The

The upcoming disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Finland creates new challenges for nuclear safeguards. Part of the national safeguards concept for geological repositories, developed by STUK — Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, is non-destructive assay (NDA) verification of all fuel items before disposal. The proposed verification system is a combination of PGET (Passive Gamma Emission Tomography)

On-axis swap-out injection schemes have become the baseline for several ultralow-emittance storage ring-based synchrotron light sources, such as APS-U, ALS-U, and HEPS. This scheme naturally requires that the injector (usually consisting of an electron gun, a LINAC and a booster synchrotron) has the capability of providing full-charge bunches. However, it is nontrivial to inject a high-charge bunch

We report synthesis and characterization of a batch of three cesium potassium antimonide photocathodes that have been grown on pure copper substrates via a ternary co-deposition method whose procedure is described herein. A deposition system that was designed for synthesis of two-element photocathodes has been utilized for synthesis of the aforementioned three-element photocathodes with slope of the

The spot position and size of a proton beam are critical parameters in the scanning dose delivery system. They need to be validated efficiently and accurately. But the traditional methods work poorly in some non-ideal cases. In this study, we develop effective means for the position verification algorithm, including the student’s t distribution fitting algorithm, the Slope method, as well as the improved

BDAQ53 is a readout system and verification framework for hybrid pixel detector readout chips of the RD53 family. These chips are designed for the upgrade of the inner tracking detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. BDAQ53 is used in applications where versatility and rapid customization are required, such as in laboratory testing environments, test beam campaigns, and permanent setups for quality

Calcium fluoride for the study of Neutrinos and Dark matters by Low-energy Spectrometer (CANDLES) searches for neutrino-less double-beta decay of 48Ca using a CaF2 scintillator array. A high Q-value of 48Ca at 4268 keV enabled us to achieve low background, however, at the same time it causes difficulties in calibrating the detector’s Q-value region because of the absence of a standard high-energy γ-ray

Attenuation characteristics of scintillation photons from Ce-doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (Ce:GAGG) scintillators were investigated by measuring samples of various sizes. Scintillation light is attenuated by two factors. The first is self-absorption of the Ce:GAGG scintillator itself, and the second is geometrical effects such as reflection properties caused by reflector wrapping. The attenuation coefficient

The upgrade of the tracking detectors for the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) requires the development of novel radiation hard silicon sensors. The development of Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors targets the replacement of hybrid pixel detectors with radiation hard monolithic CMOS sensors. We designed, manufactured and tested radiation hard monolithic CMOS sensors in the TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS

In order to match the beam exiting the RFQ to the superconducting cavities and to minimize the longitudinal beam extension, three rebunchers will be installed in the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) of SARAF-LINAC phase II. CEA is in charge of the design and fabrication of the copper-plated stainless steel, 3-gap rebunchers. Beam dynamic simulation leads to the global MEBT design. The rebuncher

To supply a high flux of full adjustable polarization synchrotron radiation with low on-axis power density for users of HEPS, a new type of pure permanent magnetic (PPM) undulator structure called delta-knot has been proposed. The physical design of a prototype of a 3-period cryogenic delta-knot undulator is presented herein. It can achieve a maximum 1.6 T peak magnetic field with a periodic length

In this paper, we propose and analyze a Gain Transient Perturbation (GTP) model to study the transient stability of THick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM). This model can be used to explain the instability of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs). Furthermore, the transient gain stability of THGEM was analyzed using the method of multi-physical field coupling. Simulations were carried out to study

An iterative technique for the removal of artifacts caused by the near field effects of a coded aperture imaging system is presented. The technique, which we call z-Clean, first locates high energy sources within a three dimensional field of view using a least squares method and then removes the artifacts using a method similar to that of the CLEAN algorithm used in radio astronomy, but instead operating

We present a method to control the two-dimensional transverse tilt of the electron bunch originated after the bunch compressor, affecting the X-ray free-electron laser performance. A head–tail tilt in both horizontal and vertical planes leads to a difference between the projected and the slice Twiss parameters, making it difficult to match the electron beam optics to the design one. The primary beam-tilt

This work defines directionality as the act of estimating a radiation source’s angular coordinate on the horizontal plane within a single measurement, usually up to a few seconds. This work develops a directionality algorithm for general use in wearable, closely packed detector arrays. The algorithm was demonstrated on three 2″×2″×4″ NaI(Tl) detectors. Directionality performance was quantitatively

Recently, organometallic halide perovskites (OMHPs) have attracted much interest as a potential medium resolution detector for ionizing radiation sensing applications. Despite moderate success in the development of OMHP radiation detectors to date, efforts to optimize bulk carrier properties are often hindered by device degradation caused by surface recombination, ionic conductivity, environmental

An experiment was carried out in June 2011 at the H4IRRAD facility, which allows to reproduce the radiation fields commonly encountered in the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The purpose of this study was to create a set of experimental activation data that can be used to benchmark Monte Carlo codes and now the analytical ActiWiz software package, both extensively used by CERN’s Radiation Protection Group

An electrostatic time-of-flight detector named E-MCP has been developed for quick diagnostics of circulating beam and timing measurement in mass spectrometry at the Rare-RI Ring in RIKEN. The E-MCP detector consists of a conversion foil, potential grids, and a microchannel plate. Secondary electrons are released from the surface of the foil when a heavy ion hits it. The electrons are accelerated and

This study introduces a differential algebra (DA) method to the high-order aberration analysis of a multi-offset cylindrical lens. The axial field functions (AFF) of harmonic field components for a cylindrical lens are interpolated into an analytic expression using a Gaussian wavelet, which can be transferred into DA arguments and can be operated as per DA methodology. The tracing of one reference

Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors are portable, room temperature serviceable, medium-resolution gamma-ray spectrometers. Their full-energy peak shape exhibits a low energy tail which complicates the analysis of spectra with overlapping peaks. In this paper, we determined the peak shape parameters of a CZT detector from measurements with calibrated point sources from 0.06 MeV up to 1.332 MeV. The

We report the radiation damage results of two new types of Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) under the 200 MeV proton beam, for cosmic gamma-ray observations with CubeSats. The new MPPCs, S13360-6050CS and S14160-6050HS, have recently become commercially available by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK). After 100 rad irradiation, the dark current increased by a factor of ∼100 and the threshold energy of

We report initial characterization of our novel sensor process solutions with AC-coupled n+/p−/p+ pixel detectors made on 150 mm diameter p-type Magnetic Czochralski silicon (MCz-Si) wafers. The pixels were segmented in a 52 × 80 dual column array and designed to be AC capacitive coupled. The resistive coupling between pixels, allowing quality assurance probing prior the flip chip bonding, was realized

In this work, we report on the feasibility of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) for optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) application. In particular, to assess SiPMs as a viable technology for OSLD, we investigated the SiPM response to OSL detection in terms of microcell size, excess voltage (Vex), and photon threshold-levels. Furthermore, the dose response was explored to highlight some

Micro-channel-plate-based photo-detectors are unique in being capable of covering very large areas such as those required in elementary particle and nuclear physics, while providing sub-millimeter space resolution, time resolutions of less than 10 picoseconds for charged particles, and time resolutions of 30 psec–50 psec for single photons. In such systems the electronic channel count is a major cost

We present the results of the development of the technology for the growth of HPGe ingots with a diameter of 110–120 mm and the characteristics of the first detector made of a crystal of this diameter. A semi-planar detector with a crystal size of 110x35 mm provided an energy resolution of 570 eV (on 60 keV), 702 eV (on 122 keV), 1337 eV (on 662 keV) and 1830 eV (on 1332 keV) with noise level on pulser

We report here on a set of experiments that focus on measuring the timing performance of the Photonis miniPlanacon XPM85212/A1-S microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes along with the detector response at high event rates. The detector has a single photoelectron timing resolution of 30ps at low rates (10kHz). We show that both the gain and the timing start to deteriorate around 1MHz with 20 photoelectrons

A fast and efficient method for measuring and reconstructing the megavoltage photon beam spectra of clinical machines used for treating cancer patients is developed using Compton scattering. The construction and characterization of a novel prototype of a Compton spectrometer are performed to measure the pulse height spectra (PHS) of radiotherapy machines in routine clinical practice. In this work,

The ATLAS phase-I upgrade aims to enhance event trigger performance in the Liquid Argon (LAr) calorimeter and the forward muon spectrometer. The trigger signals are transmitted by optical transceivers at 5.12 Gbps per channel in a radiation field. We report the design, quality control in production and aging test of the transceivers fabricated with the LOCld laser driver and multi-mode 850 nm vertical-cavity

For the GBAR (Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest) experiment at CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility we have constructed a source of slow positrons, which uses a low-energy electron linear accelerator (linac). The driver linac produces electrons of 9 MeV kinetic energy that create positrons from bremsstrahlung-induced pair production. Staying below 10 MeV ensures no persistent radioactive

Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next generation liquid scintillator neutrino experiment under construction phase in South China. Thanks to the anti-neutrinos produced by the nearby nuclear power plants, JUNO will be able to study the neutrino mass hierarchy, one of the open key questions in neutrino physics. One key ingredient for a successful measurement is to use high speed

Within the present work a peak analysis and unfolding method for low energy γ-ray spectroscopy is presented. This method can be used to facilitate the determination of the peak integral of a photopeak, when Ge X-ray escape peaks contaminate the latter and in parallel the source activity and the emission rate of the recorded photons which produce the escape peaks are unknown. It is based on extensive

This paper presents a 4-channel avalanche photodiode readout ASIC for the electromagnetic calorimeter in the 2–7 GeV high intensity electron positron accelerator. A large detector capacitance of the avalanche photodiode will increase equivalent noise charge and extend rise time of the front-end preamplifier, resulting in attenuated energy and time resolution of the ASIC. A low-noise preamplifier and

A Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor device that amplifies signals inside a sensor, using an avalanche mechanism. As the charge multiplication occurs within a thin p–n junction and the sensor can be made thin, it can achieve a superior time resolution. For example, a resolution of 30 ps was obtained in our previous beam-test study. In combination with the excellent 3-D spatial information

This study reports on the development of an L-band photocathode RF gun for delivering high brightness electron beams with high average power. We designed and fabricated an L-band normal conducting photocathode RF gun at Tsinghua University. RF performance is improved after optimization of the cavity geometry referring to the PITZ gun. A newly designed solenoid that encloses the entire cavity body has