The construction of the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) Yang et al. (2013) [1] at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (IMP, CAS), has begun recently in Huizhou, Guangdong province, China. One of the devices of the HIAF is the Spectrometer Ring (SRing). Designed with two magnetic alloy (MA) loaded cavities to decelerate the heavy-ion beams, such as a 238U+92

A superconducting linear accelerator operating in continuous-wave mode could produce X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL) at megahertz repetition rate, with the capability that delivering wide spectral range coherent radiation to multi end stations. In this paper, the energy recovery Linac (ERL) mode is proposed to flexibly control the electron beam energy for a continuous-wave superconducting Linac.

Four groups of He+ and H+ with different dose combinations are implanted into GaAs crystal. After annealing, different phenomena of blisters and exfoliation appear on the surface. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) is used to irradiate the surfaces of the four samples, and the diffraction satellite peaks are observed to move to the lower angles. The surface morphology of the four samples after

In this paper, we propose a hermetically sealed X-ray microchannel plate imager as a more effective and stable alternative to the traditional open-structured imager. With two microstrip photocathodes of 100 nm Au and 100 nm CsI, respectively, the proposed imager has a measured exposure time of 65 ps when applied with a 200 ps width gate pulse. The static response test shows that the image intensity

High-repetition-rate sources of bright electron bunches have a wide range of applications. They can directly be employed as probes in electron-scattering setups, or serve as a backbone for the generation of radiation over a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper describes the development of a compact sub-Mega-electronvolt (sub-MeV) electron-source setup capable of operating at MHz

The controlled focusing and transport of ion beams is of paramount importance in particle accelerators, high energy beamlines, and detector systems, as it determines the sensitivity and resolution of the instruments. Therefore, it is essential to model the beam dynamics before the commissioning of new instruments in order to optimise properties such as transmission and energy spread. In this paper

In the frame of the MICADO H2020 project, a passive and active neutron measurement system is being developed to estimate the nuclear material mass inside legacy waste drums of low and intermediate radioactivity levels. Monte-Carlo simulations have been performed to design a new modular and transportable neutron system, with the main objective to reach a good tradeoff between the performances in passive

The High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD), with a time resolution of approximately 30 ps, is proposed for the ATLAS Phase II upgrade to address the challenge of greatly increased pile-up interactions. The HGTD is based on the technology of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). The current–voltage (IV) and capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements are important methods to study the main characteristics

The Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory (ARIEL) facility, dedicated to Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) production via the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique, is currently under construction at TRIUMF. The facility is to host dual target stations that will operate simultaneously, including a 500 MeV proton beam from the main TRIUMF cyclotron and a 50 MeV electron beam from an Electron Linear Accelerator

NectarCAM is a camera for the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), which covers the energy range of 100 GeV to 30 TeV. The camera is equipped with 265 focal plane modules (FPMs). Each FPM comprises 7 pixels, each consisting of a photo-multiplier tube, a preamplifier, an independently controlled power supply, and a common control system. We developed a dedicated test bench

The SNS target module is a stainless-steel structure that contains and directs mercury. The mercury is struck with short, intense proton pulses to create neutrons. The pulses deposit energy and cause loads on the target structure and mercury cavitation. Helium bubbles are introduced into the mercury to reduce loads and cavitation. This gas complicates the prediction of the target module’s physical

Traditionally, electronics for pulse processing can be modeled as linear transfer functions. In contrast, due to the fact that artificial Neural Networks (NNs) are generally non-linear systems, their behavior against noise is significantly different as in linear systems. We take advantage of this non-linearity to achieve acceptable Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) with a extremely short shaping time. This

Aqueous NaOH with ethanol (strong) etchant is widely used. It shortens etching time effectively compared to normal etching conditions (6.25N NaOH at 70 °C). Two equations have been proposed to calculate the etching time with NaOH molarity and ethanol volume. Another two empirical equations were introduced for estimating the bulk etch rates of PADC etched in strong etchant. Up to now, there were no

Reflective materials such as Teflon and Enhanced Specular Reflector are commonly used to maximize light collection in scintillator-based radiation detection systems. While effective, in most cases, the spatial information carried by the light is diminished or lost entirely. Retroreflectors, in contrast, better preserve the spatial information and have been shown to improve the localization performance

Neutron imaging (NI) has been widely employed in non-destructive investigations. Since the image quality assessment (IQA) method can be beneficial in reflecting the performance of imaging systems and image processing algorithms, we propose a proof-of-concept IQA method for the NI system based on a deep bilinear convolutional neural network (CNN) framework with two designed datasets. Due to the lack

Ghana’s highly enriched uranium (90.2%) research reactor has been converted to a low enriched uranium (13.0%) type. Its neutron parameters have been characterized for the application of k0-instrumental neutron activation analysis. The magnitude of the LEU epithermal neutron shaping factor (α) at the irradiation site increased by about 25% as compared to the HEU, while the thermal neutrons decreased

Samples were examined using a superconducting (Nb) neutron imaging system employing a delay-line technique which in previous studies was shown to have high spatial resolution. We found excellent correspondence between neutron transmission and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Gd islands with sizes between 15 and 130 μm which were thermally-sprayed onto a Si substrate. Neutron transmission

The CLIC Tracker Detector (CLICTD) is a monolithic pixel sensor. It is fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS imaging process, modified with an additional deep low-dose n-type implant to obtain full lateral depletion. The sensor features a small collection diode, which is essential for achieving a low input capacitance. The CLICTD sensor was designed as a technology demonstrator in the context of the tracking

From the beginning of the NSLS-II project, the vacuum chamber of the NSLS-II storage ring has been optimized to reduce its impedance. The optimization, performed in close collaboration with the Diagnostic, Vacuum, RF, and Mechanical Engineering groups, has been achieved via calculating the impedance of the vacuum chamber components with the use of both analytical and numerical tools, with the numerical

We present quantitative means for assessing the numerical accuracy of static magnetic field calculations in finite-element models. Our calculations use the three-dimensional Opera simulation software suite of Dassault Systèmes. Our need to assess the effects of fringe fields requires such a 3D algorithm. While we do discuss and compare our approach to a method of accuracy estimation used in the Opera

The technology of atomic layer deposition has been used to improve the lifetime of the microchannel plate-photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) effectively and makes MCP possible to choose to coat different potential emissive materials on the internal surface of the MCP channels in the future. However, it is still an open question to what extent the secondary electron emission (SEE) yield properties of the

A shipboard gamma-ray measurement system equipped with a 7.6 cmØ × 7.6 cm NaI(Tl) detector for remote real-time radioactivity monitoring of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in surface seawater is presented. The full energy peak detection efficiency of the detector to convert measured gamma-ray counts to radioactivity concentration was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation with the MCNP code. The detection

Directional Dark Matter Detection (DDMD) can open a new signature for Weakly Massive Interacting Particles (WIMPs) Dark Matter. The directional signature provides in addition, an unique way to overcome the neutron and neutrino backgrounds. In order to get the directional signature, the DDM detectors should be sensitive to low nuclear energy recoils in the keV range and have an angular resolution better

In the rapid cycling synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source, the anti-correlated painting was adopted for the design scheme of the injection system. In the beam commissioning, with the optimization of the anti-correlated painting, the injection beam loss has been well controlled and the injection efficiency has exceeded 99%. Combined with other aspects of adjustments, the beam power on

We present a characterization of a small (9-liter) and mobile 0.1% 6Li-doped pulse-shape-sensitive plastic scintillator antineutrino detector called SANDD (Segmented AntiNeutrino Directional Detector), constructed for the purpose of near-field reactor monitoring with sensitivity to antineutrino direction. SANDD comprises three different types of module. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation code was developed

The EJ309 liquid scintillator detector and the developed gamma spectrum unfolding procedure are used to study the complex gamma spectra. The EJ309 liquid scintillator detector is calibrated by using measured response functions of the standard gamma sources 133Ba, 137Cs, and 60Co, which are verified by Monte Carlo simulations for detector calibration accuracy. A gamma spectra unfolding procedure is

26,000 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been produced for Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) by the Hainan Zhanchuang Photonics Technology Co., Ltd (HZC) company in China and passed all acceptance tests with only 15 tubes rejected. The mass production began in 2018 and elapsed for about 2 years at a rate of ∼1,000 PMTs per month. The characterization of the PMTs was performed

β+ particles from 22Na radioactive source were detected using the low-cost photodiode BPW21 (P-N Junction Diode). Kurie plot has been carried out. The present study indicates that it can be used as a detector for beta particle detection.

Significant hole motion has previously been observed in thick pixelated semiconductor detectors such as TlBr. This has been shown to affect depth reconstructions when using simple cathode-to-anode amplitude ratios by altering planar-cathode signals. In this work, a complementary effect altering pixelated-anode signals from a TlBr detector was observed. This effect increases the radiation-sensitive

Surface passivation in detectors is designed to improve the performance and stabilize the characteristics over time and ambient. In Cd1−xZnxTe radiation detectors, oxidation by plasma is a well-known passivation method, but its physics is not fully understood. This study focuses on the macroscopic and microscopic effects of plasma treatment. It is shown that plasma oxidation before contact deposition

We studied the performance of advanced semiconductor detectors to measure reactor antineutrino with the potential to drastically improve efficiency and lower existing thresholds of detectable incident-antineutrino-energy. Recent developments, such as those by the Mitchell Institute Neutrino Experiment at Reactor (MINER) experiment at Texas A&M University, in semiconductor technologies have enabled

The ring injection dump (RID) is the largest beam dump in the Spallation Neutron Source facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and accepts a fraction of the beam from the ring that is not captured in the ring during injection. Thermo-fluid modeling of the RID components was performed during the initial design by using the software ANSYSTM CFX to characterize the power rating for the RID. From the

The CAFE2 (China Accelerator Facility for superheavy Elements) is a new facility constructed at IMP-CAS (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences). It is based on the upgrade of a superconducting linear accelerator. A new gas-filled recoil separator SHANS2 (Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2) with a total flight length path of 5.85 m at the CAFE2 is designed to synthesize

The ν-Angra experiment has developed an antineutrino detector intended to operate at sea level, a few dozen meters from the core of a nuclear reactor. The operating principle of the detector is based on the water Cherenkov light detection to be in compliance with the safety rules of the power plant operator. The detector is exposed to a high rate of background events, mainly due to cosmic rays, making

Artificially-grown diamond crystals have unique properties that make them suitable as solid-state particle detectors and dosimeters in high-radiation environments. We have been using sensors based on single-crystal diamond grown by chemical vapour deposition for dosimetry and beam-loss monitoring at the SuperKEKB collider. Here we describe the assembly and the suite of test and calibration procedures

Optical and scintillation properties of LuGd2Al2Ga3O12:Ce, Lu2GdAl2Ga3O12:Ce, and Lu2YAl2Ga3O12:Ce single crystals are compared. The blue-shift of 5d1 → 4f photoluminescence emission (PL) band is observed upon partial substitution of Gd3+ with a smaller Lu3+ (or Y3+) ion. At 662 keV γ-rays, the light yield of 35,400 ± 1,700 ph/MeV obtained for LuGd2Al2Ga3O12:Ce is higher than that of 29,200 ± 1,500

A new automated method has been developed with the aim to correct measured spectra for sudden gain and offset drifts due to temporal instrumentation instabilities. It is based on discrete cross-correlation that alleviates the need for Gaussian-shaped peaks and is capable of correcting spectra that change their shape in time. Potential of this method has been tested on decay and in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy

An improved method for processing digital signals of the Frisch-grid ionization chamber to measure the electron drift velocity is proposed, which is based on the analysis of the cathode signal and the differentiated cathode signal. This method allows the real-time measurement eliminating the influence of electron diffusion and it is suitable for working gases with electron loss from the electronegative

One of the primary elements influencing gaseous detector operation is the purity of the gas mixture. Its quality can be undermined by the presence of impurities, already present in the supply gas bottles or that could be created in the gas system or from the detector itself. Gaseous detectors operated with Freon-based gas mixtures are subject to the formation of the products of gas molecules break

An Active Interrogation by Delayed Neutron Counting (AIDNEC) system for the assay of natural uranium in industrial waste in form of civil debris has been developed using the plasma focus (PF) device as a single-shot neutron source. The methodology of the technique involves irradiation of fissile mass by neutrons from a PF device and counting the delayed neutron emitted as a result of induced fission

This work is focused on experiments showing enhancements in power extraction efficiency and spectral control of a W-band Free Electron Laser oscillator (FELo) using ramping of the electron beam energy. The FELo operates at 1.4 MeV with electron beam currents of 1–2 A with pulse duration 10–20 μs. Changing the beam energy post-laser-saturation of the initially unbunched continuous electron beam changes

Multiphysics simulations are widely used in designing high average power RF cavities, which require iterations of RF simulation, thermal simulation and mechanical simulation in a closed loop. The reliability and accuracy of the multiphysics simulations are crucial, otherwise extra design margins are needed for simulation uncertainties. We present an experimental benchmark for the multiphysics simulations

Along many low energy beam transport (LEBT) systems transverse hadron beam matching to a subsequent radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) is performed by magnetic quadrupole multiplets. Large apertures combined with short distances between the quadrupoles lead to overlap of individual singlet fields and significantly impact on the effective beam optics. Systematic measurements of beam transmission through

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) will build the world’s largest liquid scintillator detector to study neutrinos from various sources. The 20 kilo tonne (kton) liquid scintillator will be stored in a 0.6 kton acrylic sphere with 35.4 m diameter due to the good light transparency, chemical compatibility and low radioactivity of acrylic. The concentration of U/Th in acrylic is required

This manuscript reports a study of the after-pulse properties of different types of 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), especially for the 20-inch microchannel-plate-PMTs (MCP-PMTs) for JUNO experiment. In the study, the after-pulse rate (APR) is calculated from PMT waveforms obtained by a CAEN DT5751 waveform digitizer. We tested the after-pulse characteristics of both Dynode-PMTs and MCP-PMTs and

The laboratory demonstration of a space experiment implementing spectrometry of planetary gamma-rays with tags of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) was conducted at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The main objective of these efforts was to study the capability of this method to search for heterogeneities in the analog of planetary soil and to compare it with capability of the standard gamma-ray spectroscopy

MAX IV Laboratory is the Swedish national particle accelerator that currently provides the world’s most brilliant X-rays for research. MAX IV Laboratory has two storage rings as well as a 300-meter linear accelerator with hundreds of components not only to be relatively aligned with tight tolerances but also to be absolutely aligned with respect to the global coordinate system of the facility. An advanced

An Infrared Free Electron Laser (IR-FEL) has been designed and developed at RRCAT for potential use in the IR/THz spectroscopy of materials in low temperature and high magnetic field environment. The first commissioning experiments on the IR-FEL setup were performed in 2016, but the out-coupled power achieved in these experiments was two to three orders of magnitude lower than the saturated out-coupled

The X-ray differential phase-contrast imaging (DPCI) based on Talbot-Lau interferometers (TLIs) is a promising imaging technique for non-destructive testing. The compact imaging configurations that have a large field-of-view (FoV) require the use of bent phase gratings and large-area analyzer gratings. The cascaded TLIs reduce the aspect ratio requirement of large-area analyzer gratings, which facilitates

We report on a windowless, high-density, gas-flow target at Jefferson Lab that was used to measure rp, the root-mean-square charge radius of the proton. The target achieved its design goal of an areal density of 2 × 1018 atoms/cm2, with the gas uniformly distributed over the 4 cm length of the cell and less than 1% residual gas outside the cell. This design eliminated scattering from the end caps of

The increasing demands for electron beams with short bunch length and high brightness for Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (SXFEL) have stimulated active efforts to develop suitable photoinjectors for these accelerators. One promising direction in this regard is increasing the gradient of rf gun. The rf design, beam dynamics and cold-test results of a novel 3.6 cell C-band 150 MV/m rf photocathode gun

We give an analytic treatment of the time resolution and efficiency of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). We provide closed-form expressions for structures with uniform electric fields and efficient numerical prescriptions for arbitrary electric field configurations. We discuss the sensor performance for single photon detection and also for charged particle

Charge multiplication through avalanche processes is commonly employed in the detection of single photons or charged particles in high-energy physics and beyond. In this report, we provide a detailed discussion of the properties of avalanches driven by two species of charge carriers, e.g. electrons and holes in a semiconductor exposed to an electric field. We derive equations that describe the general

The paper deals with measurements of carbon-14 in irradiated nuclear graphite. It suggests approaches to the problem, impart experience in production and calibration of new C-14, reference standards got from irradiated elements (sleeve, block) of the uranium–graphite reactor (UGR) stacks. Reference standards in the form of irradiated graphite were created and certified by the C-14 concentration. The

One direct way to improve the gamma camera’s sensitivity is using large-area gamma detectors. During construction of a large-area gamma camera, achieving high uniformity (including both spatial uniformity and events count map uniformity) across the entire active area is a major challenge. Another fabrication concern is that large-scale gamma sensors (mainly with reference to scintillators) and photoelectric

Current investigations into neutrinoless double beta decay and the direct detection of dark matter require increasingly sensitive detector systems that demand ultra-low background materials. These requirements have previously been attained using ultra-radiopure electroformed (EF) copper. However, pure copper possesses high ductility and relatively low strength, which necessitates the need for large

This paper presents the principles of operation of Resistive AC-Coupled Silicon Detectors (RSDs) and measurements of the temporal and spatial resolutions using a combined analysis of laser and beam test data. RSDs are a new type of n-in-p silicon sensor based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, where the n+ implant has been designed to be resistive, and the read-out is obtained via AC-coupling

This article presents a method for precisely measuring the charge spread inside a silicon sensor, before it is sampled by the pixels of an X-ray imaging detector. The shape of the charge spread or pre-sampled point spread function (PSF) of the silicon sensor was demonstrated with a sub-micrometer resolution. The measurement setup comprises quasi-monochromatic X-ray beams emitted by a synchrotron radiation

A novel type of resistive Micromegas combining a Bulk mesh and a resistive pad board is presented. Readout pads are covered by a thin insulating layer with a top resistive coating segmented into resistive pads. Readout and resistive pads are electrically connected by means of planar resistors embedded in the insulator, enabling fast clearance of the avalanche charge from the resistive surface. The

The Gamma-Ray Monitor (GRM), which is one of the four main scientific instruments onboard the Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) satellite, is dedicated to the spectrum measurement and study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the 15 keV to 5 MeV energy band, as well as to perform real-time triggering and localization of the transient bursts in orbit. In order to fully understand