Among the fluorinated compounds (FCs) used in the semiconductor and display industries, NF3 gas is a popular gas for etching processes, and due to the high global warming potential (GWP), emission regulations are becoming more stringent. In the semiconductor process, a point of use (POU) scrubber is attached to the rear stage to remove fluorinated compounds. The field industry continues to increase

The structural and electronic properties of AgGaX2(X = S, Se, Te) nanolayers were studied by using a full potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) based on density functional theory. To investigate the structural and electronic properties of nanolayers, the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew, Becke and Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) and modified Becke-Johnson (MBJ) exchange potential were used

Conventional high-temperature (800 °C) synthesis of fluoride-substituted samples from LiF has been found to encounter the volatilization of fluorine and to limit the fluorine content, as reported in our earlier paper. In the present study, a fluoride-substituted spinel LiMn2O4 material was synthesized by using a solid-state reaction method with (NH4)HF2 as the fluorine source. The structure and the

Thickness control of a semiconductor thin film in the multistack layer (MSL) deposition process is important for improving the reliability and the performance of devices based on 3-dimensional stacked layers. The “first wafer effect” refers to the phenomenon where the thickness and the map profile of the first prepared wafer differ from those of the wafer prepared via the continuous process when deposition

We report on the variations of the astrophysical rates due to mass uncertainties of the exotic nuclei in rp-process reactions. With the current mass precision obtained in the AME2016 database, only the 71Br(p, γ)72Kr and the 65AS(p, γ)66Se reactions have rate uncertainties of about 10% - 20% at T9 = 0.5 while the 61Ga(p, γ)62Ge, 61,64,65Ge(p, γ)62,65,66As, 68,69Se(p, γ)69,70Br, 69,70Br(p, γ)70,71Kr

In the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting, a cantilever is widely used in a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) because it easily deforms under various forces and, generally, the output of the cantilever increases proportionally with the deformation. Naturally, many previous studies focused on how to obtain a higher PEH output. However, the power of the input source is limited, so the efficiency

For successful targeted alpha radiotherapy (TAT), verifying the accurate position and distribution of a targeted radiotherapeutic agent in a patient or phantom is important. This paper, describes our investigation of depth-of-interaction (DOI) Compton imaging for the two γ-rays emitted during TAT with the 225Ac radioactive isotope. We optimized the design parameters of the DOI Compton camera, for example

In this study, we optimized the condition for forming a single-crystal (111) Cu substrate by using polycrystalline Cu and an abnormal grain growth method. As a result, a single-crystal (111) Cu surface could be formed through annealing for 2 hours in an H2 (100 sccm) and Ar (200 sccm) gas atmosphere (pressure 70 Torr) at 1050 °C. The crystallinity of the Cu-surface was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction

The accidental Dirac cone of a photonic crystal allows the realization of a low loss dielectric metamaterial with simultaneous near-zero effective permittivity and permeability. The resulting zero refractive index allowed applications that require unique spatial coherency. While most thermal light sources were considered highly incoherent, structurally engineered thermal emitters have achieved relatively

The vibrational properties of tetragonal tungsten-bronze lead barium niobate, Pb(1−x)BaxNb2O6, with x = 0.5 were investigated by using Raman spectroscopy over a wide temperature range from room temperature to 550 °C. The Raman modes in the measured spectrum were divided into three spectral ranges, internal symmetric and antisymmetric vibrational modes of the oxygen octahedra and low-frequency external

Aluminium alloys are gradually replacing grey cast iron in the automotive industry thanks to its low density. The purpose of this study is to evaluate tribological properties of 2024A anodized aluminium alloy under severe wear conditions. For this aim we are investigating the effect of the sliding speed and the anodic layer in order to improve the wear resistance and friction properties of 2024A aluminium

We investigate the origin of the band gap in the spin ice material Dy2Ti2O7. The band gap is caused by Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS)-type electron-electron interactions that are transformed from electron-ion interactions. Additionally, the residual finite entropy at absolute zero temperature results from band gap effects rather than the nature of the Pauling-type spin ice.

In this study, a new lithium-silicon-oxynitride (LiSiON) solid-state thin-film electrolyte was investigated for the first time. The LiSiON thin-film electrolyte was deposited by using the RF sputtering technique. In order to compare the LiSiON thin-film electrolyte to lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON), a conventional thin-film electrolyte, were deposited LiPON thin-film electrolytes by using RF

In this manuscript, we aim to derive a general dispersion relation applicable to a multi-component dusty plasma including massive negatively charged dust particles, both negative and positive ions, and electrons. Using the fluid treatment of plasma, we derive dispersion relations for dust ion-acoustic waves (DIAWs) and dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in self-gravitating dusty plasmas and collisional dusty

We examine energy exchange between two quantum systems, which are initially in canonical equilibrium states at different temperatures, through a coupling that allows particle transfer. We find the entropy production and information-theoretic quantities that govern the energy exchange and discuss the difference from when the coupling preserves the number of particles in each system. We take a specific

An eco-friendly and economical, green synthesis method has been employed for the synthesis of iron-oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles by using orange peel extract as a stabilizing agent. The thermody-namic properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis-diffraction scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), the formation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles was confirmed using fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR)

This work investigated the domain fluctuation lifetime in lipid membranes by using a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. The membrane is composed of saturated lipids, unsaturated lipids, and hybrid lipids immersed in water. The effects of the fraction of the hybrid lipid on the domain fluctuation lifetime were studied, and the average fluctuation lifetime was found to decay exponentially with

Laser processing is an effective way for precisely and accurately removing a small region of materials without tool wear. Conventional laser processing, which has a limitation on the processing speed, is performed by scanning a single spot on a target material. For improving its speed, a high-power laser beam can be spatially distributed using a hologram to simultaneously process a two-dimensional

This study aimed to evaluate multi-leaf collimator (MLC) positional accuracy by using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and radiochromic EBT3 film. Furthermore, the MLC’s positional accuracy at different gantry and collimator angles of a Siemens ONCOR linear accelerator (linac) was evaluated. A picket fence test was performed to evaluate the MLC’s positional accuracy at various gantry and

System models used for iterative reconstruction affect the quality of computed tomography (CT) images. The imaging performance of the system models depends on the projectors, which implements forward- and back-projection. The system model based on a single projector is limited to improve image quality because each projector has both benefits and drawbacks. In this study, the effect of unmatched system

An advanced reduced activation alloy (ARAA) is a reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel under development in Korea. The first complete data set of parameters (permeability, diffusivity, solubility, trap site density, and trapping energy) for tritium transport in an ARAA was theoretically estimated using a model developed by Ebisuzaki et al. assuming a quantum harmonic approximation. Our

In order to study the energy spectrum response of a CdZnTe detector, we firstly measured the temperature dependence and the bias dependence of the main characteristic parameters for both a quasi-hemispherical detector and a CAPture™ plus detector. Secondly, we designed a low-noise readout circuit for the CdZnTe detector and measured the noise. Finally, we evaluated the energy spectrum response of the

Ohmic contacts are formed by recess etching the source and the drain regions with line and dot patterns of a few hundred nanometers on an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure and treating the surface with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) prior to ohmic metal deposition. Electrical characterizations show that ohmic behavior is obtained at a low annealing temperature of 700 ◦ C as the direct contact area to

The piezoelectric-enhanced (Na0.535K0.475)(Nb0.55Ta0.45)O3 (NKNT) ceramics with Na/K excess and Ta substitution were prepared near the polymorphic phase composition with an orthorhombictetragonal structure. The dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the lead-free NKNT ceramics are discussed. The temperature dependences of the specific dielectric and ferroelectric properties were

We report an optical fiber sensor capable of bend-insensitive simultaneous measurements of strain and temperature by using cascaded long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) inscribed on a polarizationmaintaining photonic crystal fiber (PMPCF). The cascaded LPFGs written on the PMPCF have two different interference spectra for orthogonal input polarization states exciting the principal axes of the PMPCF.

In a previous paper, one of us (UL) constructed an exact analytical expression for the irregular (Jost) solution, off the energy shell, for the Hulthén potential by using the method of ordinary differential equation along with the properties of certain special functions of mathematical physics. In the present text, closed form expressions for the off-shell irregular solution and half-off-shell Tmatrix

A polymeric microneedle has been developed for drug delivery applications. The ultimate goal of the polymeric microneedle is insertion into the specified region without failure for effective transdermal drug delivery. Mechanical failure of various geometries of microneedles by axial load was modeled using the Euler formula and the Johnson formula to predict the failure force of tapered-column microneedles

We have developed high-speed and high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography at 1.3 µm using an InGaAs line-scan camera and a broadband light source with the bandwidth of 170 nm that produces a theoretical axial resolution of 4.4 µm in air. We compared axial resolutions from point spread functions (PSFs) and depth ranges while changing the full spectral bandwidth detected by the camera

The interaction between actin and myosin V has been probed by measuring the unbinding force of individual actomyosin complexes using optical tweezers. Surprisingly, we found that in both the nucleotide-free and ADP-bound states single- and double-headed binding occurs with approximately the same probability. Estimation of the spring constant of individual actomyosin complexes confirmed that in each