The development of a multifunctional noncontact manipulation method is desired in cell manipulation. In this paper, we theoretically study and experimentally demonstrate the method of cell manipulation based on swirl. We analyze the swirl flow field features and the cell manipulation mechanism. The swirl is constructed by jetting fluid through three microtubules, and the cells are manipulated using

In this paper, an improvement in the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of a nanocuboid array near-infrared (NIR) photodetector is demonstrated by using a combination of a small Schottky junction area and a converging lens. The combination of the small Schottky junction area and the lens showed a higher S/N ratio than a Schottky area of 1 cm2 for wavelengths above 1.2μm, indicating 3.5 and 9.5 dB improvements

Noncontact micromanipulation techniques are necessary for micromachine technology, biotechnology, materials processing, and so on. By using a bolted Langevin transducer and a reflector, one can trap small objects in air at nodes of sound pressure in a standing wave field, but such a technique requires high-voltage drive and careful tuning to achieve resonance. In this study, a large number of small

Polarization-inverted multilayers are promising for application in bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators, BAW transformers, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and nonlinear optics crystals (NLOs). However, is difficult to obtain a polarization-inverted multilayer by a conventional polarization control technique using a buffer layer. Recently developed ion beam-induced polarization inversion film growth

We compared the translational temperatures of , , and in low-pressure inductively coupled plasmas. We employed laser absorption spectroscopy for measuring the Doppler broadening widths of the transition lines, and they told us the translational temperatures of the three electronic excited states. From the comparison between the temperatures of and , we confirmed that the metastable 3 S 1 state can

The optical properties of Tb2O3 under extreme conditions are of interest because Tb2O3 is widely used for optical devices. In this study, the effect of high-pressure loading on Tb2O3 powder subjected to shock compression was structurally and spectroscopically investigated. The shock-compressed samples were recovered from a high-pressure state to ambient conditions and then characterized by X-ray diffraction

Using numerical integration of the Boltzmann transport equation, depth distributions of recoil-implanted Ga and N atoms in Mg-implanted GaN are studied. Mg implantation into GaN is found to produce significant nonuniform stoichiometric distribution as a consequence of the recoil process, as compared to other III–V materials of GaP, GaAs and GaSb. Our calculation also indicates that the stoichiometric

We report on the critical layer thickness for (AlGa)2O3 hetero-epitaxial growth on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates via plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy and on the electrical properties of heavily tin-doped (AlGa)2O3 layers. The aluminum composition in the (AlGa)2O3 layers was reproducibly controlled within 19% by changing aluminum fluxes. We achieved the pseudomorphic growth of the 1050nm thick (Al0

van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) based on atomically two-dimensional materials have gained extensive attention due to their great potential in the new era of next-generation optoelectronics. Most reported photodetectors exhibit type-II band alignment and their photodetection performance is often limited by either low photoresponsivity or high dark current. However, type-Ⅲ vdWHs with broken gaps

We present an audible sound source with omnidirectional patterns in the horizontal plane using facing ultrasonic transducer arrays driven at different frequencies. In this experiment, ultrasonic transducer arrays were placed face-to-face on a straight line. They radiated sound with different ultrasonic frequencies from each side. Through elementary examination, we realized directionality close to omnidirectional

Ultrasonic transducer arrays realize non-contact manipulation using acoustic radiation force. Non-contact pick-up conventionally uses hemispherical ultrasonic arrays. However, particles on reflective stages cannot be picked up. In this study, we propose a multi-channel hemispherical ultrasonic transducer array for non-contact pick-up on a rigid stage with reflection. The phase and amplitude of each

Several signal types such as sound waves, radio waves, lights, and lasers are currently being used for sensing technology. This study focuses on acoustic sensing in air and it attempts to detect an object in an occluded area. Sound waves in the audible range have a long wavelength. The wraparound of waves is caused by diffraction and it appears conspicuously. Low-frequency sound waves can detect objects

Hydrogen-induced changes in the characteristics of Pt/GaN rectifiers fabricated on bulk GaN were studied using current–voltage (I–V), capacitance–voltage (C–V), and impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results were similar to those for Pt/GaN rectifiers fabricated on sapphire substrates [Y. Irokawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 59, 120901 (2020)]. That is, an ambient H2 atmosphere reduced the Schottky barrier

An intense aerial ultrasonic source containing a compact circular vibrating plate with a uniform rod-type partially grooved source that can produce large displacement in part of the piston vibration and emit intense sound waves in a direction perpendicular to the vibration surface is investigated. Two different compact circular vibrating plates of intense aerial ultrasonic sources (square grooves and

We report a flexible enzymatic biofuel cell based on electrochemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes. Comparative studies on the impact of the electrochemical functionalization of the SWNT electrodes on the device performance revealed a 40%–110% increase in power density as compared to that of the device with as-fabricated SWNT electrodes, with an observed maximum power

Understanding the dissolution kinetics of resist materials is essential for their efficient development. In this study, we investigated the dissolution kinetics of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) with a weight-average molecular weight (M w) of 8000–30 000 and a polydispersity index (M w /M n) of 1.07–1.20. The dissolution kinetics of PHS films was observed in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous

To explain the deviation in the valence subband energy levels of the Si(111) inversion layer obtained by experiments and calculations, the band edge profile that has the same subband levels as the experimental results is searched through numerical calculations. The obtained band edge profile is characterized by its flat feature in the subsurface region over 1.2nm from the surface of the Si substrate

In this paper, a capacitorless, low power and CMOS compatible L-shaped gate bipolar impact ionization metal-oxide semiconductor (L-BIMOS) one transistor dynamic random access memory (1T DRAM) cell is proposed. The proposed 1T DRAM offers high retention time (RT = ∼1.4 s), sense margin (SM = ∼45 μA μm−1) and read current ratio (∼5 orders of magnitude). The RT and SM are 1.86, and 300 , respectively

In this study, we describe an active pixel sensor (APS) readout circuit using indium–tin–zinc-oxide (ITZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The APS readout circuit with a pixel size of 90μm was fabricated using ITZO TFTs with a channel length of 2μm, and its performance was experimentally evaluated. The ITZO TFTs were found to have good low-frequency noise performance with an extracted Hooge’s parameter

We developed SrSiO3:Ce crystals with different dopant concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% using the floating zone method and investigated the scintillation and storage luminescence properties. Under X-ray irradiation, a broad emission band peaking at around 360nm was observed in all the samples. The decay time constants were in the range of 33–34ns, which were typical values for the 5d–4f transitions

We investigated the resonance splitting in microring resonators (MRRs) constructed from nanofibers of organic dye, which function as active waveguides. The MRRs were fabricated by connecting both end parts of a nanofiber so that they contacted with each other in a side-by-side manner with a contact length of ∼5μm by micromanipulation on a substrate. We observed that the shape and width of the resonance

The detailed characteristics of classical states in a radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf-SQUID) with well-designed energy-potential shape are investigated at 4.2 K. Using Nb/AlO x standard process which enables precise circuit-parameter implementation, the rf-SQUID is designed in its energy potential. Directions of persistent current can be distinguished in the rf-SQUID

A semi-analytical approach for the difference method using numerically calculated G0W0 band gaps and analytically calculated exciton binding energies based on the fractional Coulomb potential model is proposed to calculate optical gaps of 46 2D materials ranging from ultra-violet to infrared region. The suggested methodology is compared with difference methods of a similar hybrid approach, utilizing

We systematically study geometries and band structures of two-dimensional group-V bilayer materials, i.e. phosphorene, arsenene and antimonene. Among the four stacking structures (AA, AB, AC, and AD), the AB stacking structures are found to be the largest band gaps and to be the most energetically stable. We find novel band structures on the whole Brillouin zone edges: four bands have close energies

Colonoscopy is regarded as the gold standard in colorectal tumor diagnosis, but it is costly and time-consuming. Raman spectroscopy has shown promise for differentiating cancerous from non-cancerous tissue and is expected to be a new tool for oncological diagnosis. However, traditional Raman spectroscopy analysis requires tedious preprocessing, and the classification accuracy needs to be improved.

In a high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer, increasing the temperature of the vapor cell causes higher polarized atomic density, which enhances the intensity of the output signal. Therefore, it is essential to precisely control the temperature of the vapor cell. Based on the principle of electric heating and reverse magnetic cancellation, miniature weak magnetic electric heating chips of single-layer

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) were irradiated with ultraviolet rays (UVR), and its structural variations were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The lattice images of the resin, fibers, and fiber/resin interface regions in CFRPs and their spatial frequencies were investigated before and after UVR irradiation. In the fiber regions, the layer spacing of graphite

The electrostatic charge distribution model and the finite-difference time-domain method were used to provide a physically intuitive interpretation of how the shape and the number of branches affect the localized surface plasmon resonances of 3D sea-urchin like nanoparticles. We consider both planner and spherical structures with pins of cylindrical, triangular and hexagonal shape. Better alignment

We demonstrated photonic band characterization in photonic crystals (PhCs) based on InGaN/GaN nanocolumn (NC) arrays fabricated by Ti-mask selective area growth. Triangular and honeycomb latticed NCs with approximately the same diameter and closest distance were successfully fabricated. To effectively observe the photonic bands, we designed an angle-resolved micro-photoluminescence measurement system

We measured Raman spectra in a cooking process of rice grains and applied principal component analysis (PCA) to confirm binary states of starch: ordered and disordered states of starch in the cooking process by analytically separating sharper and broader components for the bands around 870 and 940cm−1 due to starch. These sharper and broader components were optimized by non-negative matrix factorization

Using density functional theory, the electronic structures of single walled molybdenum disulfide nanotubes (MoS2 NTs) were investigated. The armchair MoS2 NTs are indirect gap semiconductors for diameters up to approximately 5.2 nm, while those with larger diameters are direct gap semiconductors with band edges located in the vicinity of k = 2π/3. This finding implies that MoS2 NTs with large diameters

The magnetic and optical properties of Zr doped GaSb were studied by the first-principles calculation. The results indicated that both ZrGa and ZrSb substitutions can introduce 1μ B total magnetic moments, but the formation energy of ZrSb is larger. The magnetic couplings between two ZrGa substitutions are ferromagnetic (FM) with long range. Zr can enhance the absorption of photons in the visible and

The nanoporous carbon (NPC) performance, used for drug delivery carriers, wastewater treatment, or hydrogen storage, is strongly determined by the pore morphology during the desorption. In this work, the structural characteristics of NPC fabricated from rice husk by KOH activation were studied. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and small-angle X-ray scatter were then implemented to characterize the pore size

Fundamental photovoltaic parameters such as current density–voltage characteristics of flexible NiO/ZnO solar cells were investigated; the study revealed the degradation and recovery properties of the cells. The open-circuit voltage and shunt resistance of the flexible NiO/ZnO solar cells tended to decrease subsequent to bending; however, the short-circuit current and series resistance remained constant

A six-mode scrambler based on cascaded side-wall long-period-grating waveguides on a silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform is proposed for mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) transmission. The device can be fabricated with only one-step etching since it does not use a surface grating. A mode-dependent loss (MDL) of the system is estimated and the MDL can be reduced with a multiple scrambling

Monolayer antimony (antimonene) is an emerging 2D material that has recently attracted considerable attention due to its intriguing structure and fascinating electronic properties as theoretically predicted. In order to extensively explore this material in both fundamental research and potential applications, it is important to first prepare high-quality monolayer antimony. In this review, we focus

In medical ultrasound imaging using microbubbles (MBs), the nonlinear echoes from the MBs are used for contrast-specific image construction. Techniques such as pulse inversion, amplitude modulation, and the combined method (PIAM) are employed to increase nonlinear components in the echoes. In addition, employment of pulse compression using binary-coded ultrasound can potentially increase the components

Artificially engineered superlattice offers highly flexible control of the quantized electronic state by manipulating its lattice structure. We fabricated artificially engineered superlattices [Nb/V/Ta] n as a new class of superconducting superlattices and investigated the upper critical field H c2 in terms of the structural difference. It is found that the out-of-plane upper critical field significantly

Non-covalent interactions are very important for nanostructures. The detection of non-covalent interactions at the molecular scale is very difficult since they are too weak to detect in most cases. The disturbance from the liquid environment can be eliminated in high vacuum, which makes the detection of non-covalent interactions possible. This review introduces a method of high vacuum single molecule

We observed the spatial and temporal changes of the electron density (n e) and the electron temperature (T e) of hydrogen plasmas around a laser-produced Sn plasma EUV source. The plasma parameters were measured by the laser Thomson scattering (LTS) method. In the experiment, the Sn plasmas are produced in H2 gas at a pressure of 50–200Pa and the hydrogen plasmas were induced by radiation from the

We fabricated flat and homogeneous Al2O3/ZnO/Al2O3 heterostructure luminescent layers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to serve as a nanometer-scaled light source for high-spatial-resolution optical microscopy based on electron beam excitation (EXA). A smooth surface was obtained by inserting an Al2O3 buffer layer and an Al2O3 barrier layer resulting in brighter and more uniform cathodoluminescence

The evaluation of the quadratic Zeeman shift in atomic fountain frequency standards requires information on the magnetic field distribution along the drift region. Plotting Zeeman frequencies against various launching heights provides the temporally averaged magnetic field values seen by the flying atoms. Using those data, we were able to deduce a reasonable field map by taking the approach of solving

The threshold voltage shift in NO-annealed 4H-SiC MOSFETs during negative gate bias stress was investigated with a fast on-the-fly method for p-channel devices while considering the stress–time dependence of the slope of the drain current–gate voltage characteristics. With the proposed method, the threshold voltage shift was accurately measured over a wide time range from hundreds of nanoseconds. The

Single Shockley-type stacking faults (1SSFs) in the 4H-SiC epilayer exhibits numerous expansion patterns determined by the relationship between initial basal-plane dislocation (BPD) direction and Burgers vector. In this study, patterns of BPDs and 1SSFs generated by UV illumination near linear scratches on a SiC epilayer were investigated. The correlation between the observed 1SSF patterns and the

Visualizing the expansion of particles of different size in a laser-ablated plume is useful for understanding the mechanism of the pulsed-laser deposition process. In our previous work that the crystalline hydroxyapatite content in a coating layer decreased with increasing H2O gas pressure. We concluded that ablated atoms and ions, which were immediately changed into crystalline hydroxyapatite, were

Α β-tricalcium phosphate target was employed to decrease the annealing temperature for crystalline hydroxyapatite coating through a hydrolysis process by pulsed-laser deposition. The crystalline hydroxyapatite content of calcium phosphate coating layers was quantitatively evaluated using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and compared with that of pure polycrystalline powder. Calcium phosphate

A topological superconductor exhibits chiral p-wave pairing symmetry and hosts Majorana fermions. The predicted emergent phenomena in such a system and its application for topological quantum computation make it a pivotal focus of research. Stoichiometric non-centrosymmetric superconductor PbTaSe2 has emerged as a strong candidate material due to possible parity mixing in bulk superconductivity and

Aimed towards an application of ultrasound diagnosis using contrast agents, the dynamics of encapsulated bubbles has been theoretically investigated under the restriction of a single bubble. In this paper, we extend the theory for single bubble or some bubbles to that for many bubbles, and theoretically investigate weakly nonlinear propagation of ultrasound in an initially quiescent incompressible

High-voltage pulsed electric fields (PEF) and pulsed discharge plasmas have received a great deal of attention in the fields of biochemistry, medicine, agriculture and food industry. The destruction phenomenon of cell membranes has been confirmed by PEF and discharge plasma, and it can be used for inactivating microorganisms and extracting cell contents. In recent years, it has been reported that PEF

We investigated the differences between the transmission (Tx)/reception (Rx) sound fields for target and reference signals using a reference phantom method (RPM) to assess the stability of backscattering coefficient (BSC) evaluation. A clinical ultrasound scanner and two types of phased linear array transducer with low and high frequencies were used to evaluate the BSCs for two types of homogenous

We previously proposed the frequency and plane-wave compounding minimum variance distortion-free response (FPWC-MVDR) beamformer for ultrasonic reception beamforming, which weights the transmission angle and frequency band adaptively. This method required multiple subband transmissions and receptions for each transmission angle, reducing the frame rate. Here, we propose a filtered-FPWC-MVDR method

In2O3 films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) without and with oxygen plasma at various growth temperature. The crystal structure, optical properties and surface morphologies were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope. XRD analysis revealed that all films have the body-centered cubic

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a novel noninvasive cancer treatment that is expected to be a potential alternative to conventional therapies. In the treatment, the accurate prediction of the ultrasonic heat source prior to therapeutic exposure is important for safety and efficacy. Acoustic radiation force imaging using a short HIFU burst has been proposed as a method for this prediction

We report the existence of bulk persistent spin texture in P4mm tetragonal BiFeO3, a ferroelectric with ultrahigh spontaneous polarization. Our density functional theory calculations reveal that tetragonal BiFeO3 exhibits sufficiently strong spin–orbit coupling, yielding a sizable Rashba coefficient of 0.31eV . More importantly, it is demonstrated that the polarization-induced spin–orbit field is unidirectional

Three-dimensional acoustic impedance microscopy was proposed for human cheek skin observation. A focused ultrasound wave was transmitted through a polymer substrate in contact with the skin, and the reflection was acquired by a time-domain measurement. The reflection was compared with that from a reference material representing the impulse response of the system. Time–frequency (dual-domain) deconvolution

Al/Ni multilayer film shows a self-propagating exothermic reaction when a minute external shock is applied. Using the reactive film as a heat source for soldering enables us to complete the bonding process instantaneously within a second because of its fast reaction propagation. However, cracks are introduced in the reacted NiAl layer after bonding, which becomes a big problem in the viewpoint of thermal

The strain relaxation process in wafer-bonded semiconductor heterostructures is numerically investigated, in contrast to those formed by epitaxial growth. A kinetic model of strain relaxation in semiconductor layers is re-established for highly lattice-mismatched heterostructures. Numerical simulations are then performed by using the model to analyze the time evolution of the strain, the strain rate

In this work, nanoscale wedge-structured silicon nitride (SiN x )-based resistive-switching random-access memory with data non-volatility and conductance graduality has been designed, fabricated, and characterized for its application in the hardware neuromorphic system. The process integration with full Si-processing-compatibility for constructing the unique wedge structure by which the electrostatic

C2F4 is a potential etching gas for high aspect ratio etching of SiO2 films owing to its high etch rate. However, it is difficult to fill C2F4 to a gas cylinder with high pressure for mass production due to its high reactivity. To overcome this problem, we developed an etching system, where the on-site synthesized C2F4 from CF4 using a VHF plasma was supplied directly into the etching reactor. It was

We study the influence of tip radius on the viscoelastic characterization of polymers using a recently developed loss tangent (tan δ) method operated in amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) mode. By decreasing the tip radius, we found that AM-AFM tan δ of a homogeneous polystyrene film decreased close to the bulk limit value, which can be ascribed to a reduced effect of the probe/sample