Primordial black holes (PBHs) can constitute the predominant fraction of dark matter (DM) if PBHs reside in the currently unconstrained “sublunar” mass range. PBHs originating from scalar perturbations generated during inflation can naturally appear with a broad spectrum in a class of models. The resulting stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background generated from such PBH production can account

The β decay of 75192Re117, which lies near the boundary between the regions of predicted prolate and oblate deformations, has been investigated using the KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS) in RIKEN Nishina Center. This is the first case in which a low-energy beam of rhenium isotope has been successfully extracted from an argon gas-stopping cell using a laser-ionization technique, following production

By relating the charge multiplicity distribution and the temperature of a de-exciting nucleus through a deep neural network, we propose that the charge multiplicity distribution can be used as a thermometer of heavy-ion collisions. Based on an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, we study the caloric curve of reaction Pd103 + Be9 with the apparent temperature determined through the charge

The search for a dark photon produced at e+e− colliders which subsequently decays into inelastic dark matter particles, is discussed. The heavier dark matter decays into a pair of visible charged particles and a lighter dark matter particle after traveling some distance. The visible decay products can be recorded by a dark matter detector made of emulsions and gas detectors, placed near the main e+e−

The concept of the Wigner function is used to construct a semi-classical kinetic theory describing the evolution of the axial current phase-space density of spin-12 particles in the relaxation time approximation. The resulting approach can be used to study spin polarization effects in relativistic matter, in particular, in heavy-ion collisions. An expression for the axial current based on the classical

There is an interesting relation between the quantum periods on a certain limit of local P1×P1 Calabi-Yau space and a TBA (Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz) system appeared in the studies of ABJM (Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena) theory. We propose a one-parameter generalization of the relation. Furthermore, we derive the differential operators for quantum periods and the TBA-like equation in various

We consider the associated production of a Higgs boson and a photon in weak boson fusion in the Standard Model (SM) and the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), with the Higgs boson decaying to a pair of bottom quarks. Analysing events in a cut-based analysis and with multivariate techniques we determine the sensitivity of this process to the bottom-Yukawa coupling in the SM and to possible

In this letter, we propose an extension of the scotogenic model where singlet Majorana particle can be dark matter (DM) without the need of a highly suppressed scalar coupling of the order O(10−10). For that, the SM is extended with three singlet Majorana fermions, an inert scalar doublet, and two (a complex and a real) singlet scalars, with a global Z4 symmetry that is spontaneously broken into Z2

The Cottingham formula expresses the electromagnetic part of the mass of a particle in terms of the virtual Compton scattering amplitude. At large photon momenta, this amplitude is dominated by short distance singularities associated with operators of spin 0 and spin 2. In the difference between proton and neutron, chiral symmetry suppresses the spin 0 term. Although the angular integration removes

We perform the stability analysis of the Kerr black hole in the Einstein-Chern-Simons-Scalar theory with quadratic scalar coupling. For positive coupling parameter (α>0), we introduce the (2+1)-dimensional hyperboloidal foliation method to show that the Kerr black hole is unstable against scalar-mode perturbation. In case of α<0, it is shown that the Kerr black hole is unstable without any α-independent

We obtain Poisson equations satisfied by elliptic modular graph functions with four links. Analysis of these equations leads to a non–trivial algebraic relation between the various graphs.

In the holographic AdS/QCD approach, the confinement/deconfinement transition is associated with the Hawking-Page transition of a thermal anti-de Sitter (AdS) space to an AdS black hole. In the case of the hard wall model, the thermal transition takes place in the planar AdS thanks to the introduction of an infrared cut-off in the geometry. The corresponding thermodynamic entropy of the SU(N) gauge

We study an Abelian gauged O(5) Skyrme model in 4+1 dimensions, featuring the F4 Maxwell and the Chern-Simons terms. Our aim is to expose the mechanism, discovered in the analogous Abelian gauged O(3) Skyrme model in 2+1 dimensions, which leads to the unusual relation of the mass-energy E to the electric charge Qe and angular momentum J, and, to the change in the value of the “baryon number” q due

Bound states of double-heavy tetraquarks are studied in a constituent quark model. Two bound states are found for isospin and spin-parity I(JP)=0(1+) in the bbu¯d¯ channel. One is deeply bound and compact made of colored diquarks, while the other is shallow and extended as a BB⁎ molecule. The former agrees well with lattice QCD results. A systematic decrease in the binding energy is seen by replacing

We consider the Standard Model with three right-handed neutrinos to generate tiny neutrino masses by the seesaw mechanism. Especially, we investigate the case when one right-handed neutrino has the suppressed Yukawa coupling constants. Such a particle has a long lifetime and can produce an additional entropy by the decay. It is then discussed the impact of the entropy production on the gravitational

The Z2×Z2 heterotic string orbifold gives rise to a large space of phenomenological three generation models that serves as a testing ground to explore how the Standard Model of particle physics may be incorporated in a theory of quantum gravity. Recently, we demonstrated the existence of type 0 Z2×Z2 heterotic string orbifolds in which there are no massless fermionic states. In this paper we demonstrate

We present calculations of the chemical freeze-out temperature (Tch) based on particle yields from STAR and ALICE measured at collision energies ranging from sNN= 11.5 GeV to 5.02 TeV. Employing the Grand Canonical Ensemble approach using the Thermal-FIST Hadron Resonance Gas model package, we show evidence for a flavour-dependent chemical freeze-out in the crossover region of the QCD phase diagram

This paper concerned with the effect of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on the stochastic gravitational wave (SGW) background signal that produced during first order cosmological QCD phase transition in early universe. A modified formula of entropy is used to calculate the temporal evolution of temperature of the universe as a function of the Hubble parameter. The pressure that results from

We use MUSE spectroscopic observations of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Leo T between 470 and 935 nm to search for radiative decays of axion like particles (ALPs). Under the assumption that ALPs constitute the dark matter component of the Leo T halo, we derive bounds on the effective ALP-two-photon coupling. We improve existing limits by more than one order of magnitude in the ALP mass range 2.7-5.3

The Borromean halo nucleus 6He has been studied by a kinematically complete measurement of Coulomb and nuclear breakup into α + 2n on Pb and C targets at 70 MeV/nucleon. Fully quantum-mechanical four-body breakup calculations reproduce the energy and angular differential cross sections below Erel∼1 MeV for both targets. The model used here reproduces the 6He ground-state properties as well as α-n and

We discuss central-forward dijet production at LHC energies within the framework of high energy factorization. In our study, we profit from the recent progress on consistent merging of Sudakov resummation with small-x effects, which allows us to compute two different gluon distributions which depend on longitudinal momentum, transverse momentum and the hard scale of the process: one for the quark channel

We explore the Gravitational Waves (GW) phenomenology of a simple class of supergravity models that can explain and unify inflation and Primordial Black Holes (PBH) as Dark Matter (DM). Our (modified) supergravity models naturally lead to a two-field attractor-type double inflation, whose first stage is driven by Starobinsky scalaron and the second stage is driven by another scalar belonging to a supergravity

At low energies hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) is strongly dominated by two-pion intermediate states, which are responsible for about 70% of the HVP contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, aμHVP. Lattice-QCD evaluations of the latter indicate that it might be larger than calculated dispersively on the basis of e+e−→ hadrons data, at a level which would contest the long-standing

In this letter, we show that quantum gravity leads to lower and upper bounds on the masses of dark matter candidates. These bounds depend on the spins of the dark matter candidates and the nature of interactions in the dark matter sector. For example, for singlet scalar dark matter, we find a mass range 10−3 eV≲mϕ≲107 eV. The lower bound comes from limits on fifth force type interactions and the upper

The pre- and post-scission neutron multiplicities are measured for the fission of 208Rn, populated with the reactions 30Si+178Hf and 48Ti+160Gd in the excitation energy range of 54.5 - 80.8 MeV. We found significant differences in the pre-scission neutron multiplicities of these two systems. Also, both the reactions exhibit an enhancement in the pre-scission multiplicity with respect to the existing

Within the covariant density functional theory of nuclear matter we build equations of state of Δ-admixed compact stars. Uncertainties in the interaction of Δ(1232) resonance states with nuclear matter, due to lack of experimental data, are accounted for by varying the coupling constants to scalar and vector mesonic fields. We find that, over a wide range of the parameter space allowed by nuclear physics

Born cross sections for the processes e+e−→ωη and e+e−→ωπ0 have been determined for center-of-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The results obtained in this work are consistent with previous measurements but with improved precision. Two resonant structures are observed. In the e+e−→ωη cross sections, a resonance with a mass of (2176±24±3)MeV/c2

We calculate the mass shift and thermal decay width of the J/ψ near the QCD transition temperature Tc by imposing two independent constraints on these variables that can be obtained first by solving the Schrödinger equation and second from the QCD sum rule approach. While the real part of the potential is determined by comparing the QCD sum rule result for charmonium and the D meson to that from the

The minimal standard model of quarks and leptons is extended with a set of vectorlike fermions to allow baryon number B to become a gauged U(1)B symmetry. The B assignments of the new particles are determined by renormalizable interactions with the known quarks through a color triplet scalar diquark. The spontaneous breaking of U(1)B by a scalar with B=3 results in a conserved residual global B symmetry

New ab initio calculations of the isotopic reactor antineutrino fluxes are provided with exact numerical calculations of the lepton wave functions, assuming all the decay branches are allowed GT transitions. We illustrate that the analytical Fermi function and finite size effect each could have the largest spectral deviation of O(10%), whereas the effect of their combination could result in spectral

The elliptic and triangular flow coefficients v2 and v3 of prompt D0, D+, and D⁎+ mesons were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN=5.02TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The D mesons were reconstructed via their hadronic decays in the transverse momentum interval 1

α-decay always has enormous impetuses to the development of physics and chemistry, in particular due to its indispensable role in the research of new elements. Although it has been observed in laboratories for more than a century, it remains a difficult problem to calculate accurately the formation probability Sα microscopically. To this end, we establish a new model, i.e., multistep model, and the

We study the massless irreducible representations of the Poincaré group in the six-dimensional Minkowski space. The Casimir operators are constructed and their eigenvalues are found. It is shown that the finite spin (helicity) representation is defined by two integer or half-integer numbers while the infinite spin representation is defined by the real parameter μ2 and one integer or half-integer number

In 2016, the ATOMKI collaboration announced [1] observing an unexpected enhancement of the e+-e−pair production signal in one of the Be8 nuclear transitions induced by an incident proton beam on a 7Li target. Many beyond-standard-model physics explanations have subsequently been proposed. One popular theory is that the anomaly is caused by the creation of a protophobic vector boson (X) with a mass

Galaxies are built by complex physical processes with significant inherent stochasticity. It is therefore surprising that the inferred dark matter distributions in galaxies are correlated with the observed baryon distributions leading to various ‘Baryon-Halo conspiracies’. The fact that no dark matter candidate has been definitively identified invites a search for alternative explanations for such

Measurements of the second Fourier harmonic coefficient (v2) of the azimuthal distributions of prompt and nonprompt D0 mesons produced in pp and pPb collisions are presented. Nonprompt D0 mesons come from beauty hadron decays. The data samples are collected by the CMS experiment at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 13 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. In high multiplicity pp collisions, v2 signals

For three-body hadron decays mediated by intermediate resonances with large widths, we show how to properly extract the quasi-two-body decay rates for a meaningful comparison with the corresponding theoretical estimates, using several B decays as explicit examples. We compute the correction factor from finite width effects in the QCD factorization approach, and make a comparison with that using the

We examine whether the LHCb vector udc¯s¯ state X(2900) can be interpreted as a kinematical cusp effect arising from D¯⁎K⁎ and D¯1K(⁎) interactions. The production amplitude is modelled as a triangle diagram with hadronic final state interactions. A satisfactory fit to the Dalitz plot projection is obtained that leverages the singularities of the production diagram without the need for D¯K resonances

We calculate for the first time the scattering cross section between lightest glueballs in SU(2) pure Yang-Mills theory, which are good candidates of dark matter. In the first step, we evaluate the interglueball potential on lattice using the HAL QCD method, with several lattice spacings (β=2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4, and 2.5). The systematics associated with nonzero angular momentum effect is removed by subtracting

We present the first quantum field theory model of inflation that is renormalizable in the matter sector, with a super-Hubble inflaton mass and sub-Planckian field excursions, which is thus technically natural and consistent with a high-energy completion within a theory of quantum gravity. This is done in the framework of warm inflation, where we show, for the first time, that strong dissipation can

We demonstrate that the QCD topological susceptibility nonperturbatively gets a significant contribution signaled by flavor-nonuniversal quark condensates at around the pseudo-critical temperature of the chiral crossover. It implies a remarkable flavor breaking in the axial anomaly as well as the QCD theta vacuum in high temperature QCD, which are almost flavor universal in the vacuum. A nontrivial

In this paper, we discuss about the possibility to enhance the tensor-to-scalar ratio r under the condition of Trans-Planckian censorship conjecture (TCC), thus r∼O(10−3) could be observable within the sensitivity of future experiments. We make use of the scalar-tensor theory where inflaton is nonminimally coupled to gravity. After demonstrating that the TCC condition could be modified in scalar-tensor

The mechanism of reactions with weakly-bound proton-rich nuclei at energies near the Coulomb barrier is a long-standing open question owing to the paucity of experimental data. In this study, a complete kinematics measurement was performed for the proton drip-line nucleus 17F interacting with 58Ni at four energies near the Coulomb barrier. Thanks to the powerful performance of the detector array, exhaustive

We present N=2 supersymmetric non-Abelian duality-symmetry between a tensor multiplet and an extra vector multiplet in D=3+2 dimensions. Our system has the Yang-Mills (YM) vector multiplet (AμI,λI), a tensor-multiplet (BμνI,χI,φI), and an extra vector multiplet (CμI,ρI,σI). The index I=1,2,⋯,dimG is for the adjoint representation of a non-Abelian group G. The AμI is the conventional YM gauge field

We consider light new particles χ and ϕ that carry baryon and lepton numbers. If these particles are lighter than nucleons they lead to exotic decays such as p→π+χ and p→e+ϕ, not yet fully constrained by dedicated searches. For χ and ϕ masses in the GeV range, proton decays are kinematically forbidden but other decays of the forms baryon → meson + χ, meson → baryon + χ¯, and baryon → anti-lepton +

A comprehensive analysis of cosmological and collider constraints is presented for three simplified models characterised by a dark matter candidate (real scalar, Majorana fermion and real vector) and a coloured mediator (fermion, scalar and fermion respectively) interacting with the right-handed up quark of the Standard Model. Constraints from dark matter direct and indirect detection and relic density

We introduce a general variational framework to address the tunneling of hot Fermi systems. We use the representation of the trace of the imaginary time τ=it propagator as a functional integral type of a sum over complete sets of states at intermediate propagation slices. We assume that these states are τ-dependent and generated by an arbitrary trial Hamiltonian H0(τ). We then use the convexity inequality

We present a new analysis to extract pion's parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the framework of the statistical model. Starting from the statistical model framework first developed for the spin-1/2 nucleon, we apply appropriate modifications taking into account the spin-0 nature of pion and the isospin and charge-conjugation symmetry properties. This results in a significant reduction of the number

In the past two decades, pions created in the high density regions of heavy ion collisions have been predicted to be sensitive at high densities to the symmetry energy term in the nuclear equation of state, a property that is key to our understanding of neutron stars. In a new experiment designed to study the symmetry energy, the multiplicities of negatively and positively charged pions have been measured

The NANOGrav collaboration for the pulsar timing array (PTA) observation recently announced evidence of an isotropic stochastic process, which may be the first detection of the stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background. We discuss the possibility that the signal is caused by the second-order GWs associated with the formation of solar-mass primordial black holes (PBHs). This possibility can be tested

In this paper, the first femtoscopic analysis of pion–kaon correlations at the LHC is reported. The analysis was performed on the Pb–Pb collision data at sNN=2.76 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. The non-identical particle correlations probe the spatio-temporal separation between sources of different particle species as well as the average source size of the emitting system. The sizes of the pion

One of the goals of current particle physics research is to obtain evidence for new physics, that is, physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), at accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The searches for new physics are often guided by BSM theories that depend on many unknown parameters, which, in some cases, makes testing their predictions difficult. In this paper, machine learning

Maybe the biggest puzzle in grand unified theories (GUTs) is the apparent large splitting of the doublet and triplet Higgs masses. We suggest a novel mechanism to solve this puzzle, which relies on the clockwork mechanism to generate large hierarchies from order-one numbers. The tension between gauge coupling unification and proton lifetime from minimal SU(5) GUTs is also removed in this scenario,

Gravity can be regarded as a consequence of local Lorentz (LL) symmetry, which is essential in defining a spinor field in curved spacetime. The gravitational action may admit a zero-field limit of the metric and vierbein at a certain ultraviolet cutoff scale such that the action becomes a linear realization of the LL symmetry. Consequently, only three types of term are allowed in the four-dimensional

The 92-keV resonance in the 25Mg(p,γ)26Al reaction plays a key role in the production of 26Al at astrophysical burning temperatures of ≈100 MK in the Mg-Al cycle. However, the state can decay to feed either the ground, 26gAl, or isomeric state, 26mAl. It is the ground state that is critical as the source of cosmic γ rays. It is therefore important to precisely determine the ground-state branching fraction

We identify string corrections to the EM memory effect. Though largely negligible in the low-energy limit, the effect become relevant in high-energy collisions and in extreme events. We illustrate our findings in a simple unoriented bosonic string model. Thanks to the coherent effect of the infinite tower of open string resonances, the corrections are non-perturbative in α′, modulated in retarded time

A 2-2-hole is an explicit realization of a horizonless object that can still very closely resemble a BH. An ordinary relativistic gas can serve as the matter source for the 2-2-hole solution of quadratic gravity, and this leads to a calculable area-law entropy. Here we show that it also leads to an estimate of the damping of a gravitational wave as it travels to the center of the 2-2-hole and back

This paper seeks to test if the large-scale galaxy distribution can be characterized as a fractal system. Tools appropriate for describing galaxy fractal structures with a single fractal dimension D in relativistic settings are developed and applied to the UltraVISTA galaxy survey. A graph of volume-limited samples corresponding to the redshift limits in each redshift bins for absolute magnitude is

In this paper, we study the polarization of the Λ(1405) in the γp→K+πΣ reaction within an effective Lagrangian approach and isobar model. In our model, the Λ(1405) is excited through the t-channel K/K⁎ exchanges and u-channel hyperon exchange. Compared to previous studies, we also include the contribution from a contact term, which is necessary for our model to interpret the polarization of the Λ(1405)

We present an extension of the Standard Model that results from the dimensional reduction of the N=1, 10D E8 group over a M4×B0/Z3 space, where B0 is the nearly-Kähler manifold SU(3)/U(1)×U(1) and Z3 is a freely acting discrete group on B0. Using the Wilson flux breaking mechanism we are left in four dimensions with an N=1 SU(3)3 gauge theory. Below the unification scale we have a two Higgs doublet