Due to their unique characteristics, two-dimensional (2D) materials have drawn great attention as promising candidates for the next generation of integrated circuits, which generate a calculation unit with a new working mechanism, called a logic transistor. To figure out the application prospects of logic transistors, exploring the temperature dependence of logic characteristics is important. In this

Based on angular amplitude modulation of orthogonal base vectors in common-path interference method, we propose an interesting type of hybrid vector beams with unprecedented azimuthal polarization gradient and demonstrate in experiment. Geometrically, the configured azimuthal polarization gradient is indicated by intriguing mapping tracks of angular polarization states on Poincaré sphere, more than

We proposed a vanadium dioxide (VO 2 )-integrated multi-functional metamaterial structure that consists of three metallic grating layers and two VO 2 films separated by SiO 2 dielectric spacers. The proposed structure can be flexibly switched among three states by adjusting temperature, incident direction, and polarization. In state 1, the incident wave is strongly transmitted and perfectly converted

Significant electric control of exchange bias effect in a simple CoO 1– δ /Co system, grown on piezoelectric Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 3 (110) (PMN-PT) substrates, is achieved at room temperature. Obvious changes in both the coercivity field ( H C ) and the exchange bias field ( H E ), of 31% and 5%, respectively, have been observed when the electric field is applied to the substrate. While the

The multiple ferroelectric polarization tuned by external electric field could be used to simulate the biological synaptic weight. Ferroelectric synaptic devices have two advantages compared with other reported ones: One is that the intrinsic switching of ferroelectric domains without invoking of defect migration as in resistive oxides, contributes reliable performance in these ferroelectric synapses

Recently, neuromorphic devices for artificial intelligence applications have attracted much attention. In this work, a three-terminal electrolyte-gated synaptic transistor based on NdNiO 3 epitaxial films, a typical correlated electron material, is presented. The voltage-controlled metal–insulator transition was achieved by inserting and extracting H + ions in the NdNiO 3 channel through electrolyte

The electronic structures and magnetic properties of diverse transition metal ( TM = Fe, Co, and Ni) and nitrogen (N) co-doped monolayer MoS 2 are investigated by using density functional theory. The results show that the intrinsic MoS 2 does not have magnetism initially, but doped with TM ( TM = Fe, Co, and Ni) the MoS 2 possesses an obvious magnetism distinctly. The magnetic moment mainly comes from

We demonstrate visible-light all-fiber vortex lasers by incorporating the home-made mode selective couplers (MSCs). The MSC at green or red wavebands is fabricated by specially designing and fusing a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a few-mode fiber (FMF). The MSCs inserted into visible fiber cavities act as power splitters and mode converters from the LP 01 to LP 11 mode at green and red wavelengths, respectively

In this paper, we investigate the effects of lattice strain on the electrical and magnetotransport properties of La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO) films by changing film thickness and substrate. For electrical properties, a resistivity upturn emerges in LSMO films, i.e. , LSMO/STO and LSMO/LSAT with small lattice strain at a low temperature, which originates from the weak localization effect. Increasing film

Grouping different oxide materials with coupled charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom together to form heterostructures provides a rich playground to explore the emergent interfacial phenomena. The perovskite/brownmillerite heterostructure is particularly interesting since symmetry mismatch may produce considerable interface reconstruction and unexpected physical effects. Here, we systemically

Torque measurements were performed on single crystal samples of Ca 0.73 La 0.27 (Fe 0.96 Co 0.04 )As 2 in both the normal and superconducting states. Contributions to the torque signal from the paramagnetism and the vortex lattice were identified. The superconducting anisotropy parameter γ was determined from the reversible part of the vortex contribution based on Kogan's model. It is found that γ

Two-dimensional (2D) crystals are known to have no bulk but only surfaces and edges, thus leading to unprecedented properties thanks to the quantum confinements. For half a century, the compression of z -dimension has been attempted through ultra-thin films by such as molecular beam epitaxy. However, the revisiting of thin films becomes popular again, in another fashion of the isolation of freestanding

At least four two- or quasi-one-dimensional allotropes and a mixture of them were theoretically predicted or experimentally observed for low-dimensional Te, namely the α , β , γ , δ , and chiral- α + δ phases. Among them the γ and α phases were found to be the most stable phases for monolayer and thicker layers, respectively. Here, we found two novel low-dimensional phases, namely the ε and ζ phases

Metasurface is a kind of two-dimensional metamaterial with specially designed sub-wavelength unit cells. It consists of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures and possesses certain superior abilities to manipulate the propagating electromagnetic waves, including the terahertz (THz) ones. Compared with the usual passive THz metasurfaces whose optical properties are difficult to be controlled

Considering an elastically coupled Brownian motors system in a two-dimensional traveling-wave potential, we investigate the effects of the angular frequency of the traveling wave, wavelength, coupling strength, free length of the spring, and the noise intensity on the current of the system. It is found that the traveling wave is the essential condition of the directed transport. The current is dominated

Effective improvement in electrical properties of NO passivated SiC/SiO 2 interface after being irradiated by electrons is demonstrated. The density of interface traps after being irradiated by 100-kGy electrons decreases by about one order of magnitude, specifically, from 3×10 12 cm −2 ⋅eV −1 to 4×10 11 cm −2 ⋅eV −1 at 0.2 eV below the conduction band of 4H-SiC without any degradation of electric

Memristive devices have attracted intensive attention in developing hardware neuromorphic computing systems with high energy efficiency due to their simple structure, low power consumption, and rich switching dynamics resembling biological synapses and neurons in the last decades. Fruitful demonstrations have been achieved in memristive synapses neurons and neural networks in the last few years. Versatile

Up to now, at least 806 carbon allotropes have been proposed theoretically. Three interesting carbon allotropes (named Pbam -32, P 6/ mmm , and ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1674-1056/29/9/093601/cpb_29_9_093601_ieqn1.gif] {$I\bar{4}3d$} ) were recently uncovered based on a random sampling strategy combined with space group and graph theory. The calculation results show that they are superhard

Compact atomic gravimeters are the potential next generation precision instruments for gravity survey from fundamental research to broad field applications. We report the calibration results of our home build compact absolute atomic gravimeter USTC-AG02 at Changping Campus, the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China in January 2019. The sensitivity of the atomic gravimeter reaches ##IMG## [http://ej

Compactness and miniaturization have become increasingly important in the development of high-power microwave devices. Based on this rising demand, a novel C-band coaxial transit-time oscillator (TTO) with a low external guiding magnetic field is proposed and analyzed. The proposed device has the following advantages: simple structure, short axial length, high power conversion efficiency, and low external

Diamond crystallization was carried out with CH 4 N 2 S additive in the FeNiCo-C system at pressure 6.0 GPa and temperature ranging from 1290 °C to 1300 °C. The crystallization qualities of the synthetic crystals were characterized by Raman spectra and the Raman peaks located at 1331 cm −1 . Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that the hydrogen-related absorption peak of the as-grown diamond

Hall thruster is an electric propulsion device for attitude control and position maintenance of satellites. The discharge process of Hall thruster will produce divergent plume. The plume will cause erosion, static electricity, and other interference to the main components, such as solar sailboard, satellite body, and thruster. Therefore, reducing the divergence of the plume is an important content

Last decade has witnessed a rapid development of the generation of terahertz (THz) vortex beams as well as their wide applications, mainly due to their unique combination characteristics of regular THz radiation and orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here we have reviewed the ways to generate THz vortex beams by two representative scenarios, i.e., THz wavefront modulation via specific devices, and direct

High precision atom interferometers have shown attractive prospects in laboratory for testing fundamental physics and inertial sensing. Efforts on applying this innovative technology to field applications are also being made intensively. As the manipulation of cold atoms and related matching technologies mature, inertial sensors based on atom interferometry can be adapted to various indoor or mobile

Recent progresses on quantum control of cold atoms and trapped ions in both the scientific and technological aspects greatly advance the applications in precision measurement. Thanks to the exceptional controllability and versatility of these massive quantum systems, unprecedented sensitivity has been achieved in clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers based on cold atoms and ions. Besides, these

Graphene has been recognized as a promising candidate in developing tunable terahertz (THz) functional devices due to its excellent optical and electronic properties, such as high carrier mobility and tunable conductivity. Here, we review graphene-based THz modulators we have recently developed. First, the optical properties of graphene are discussed. Then, graphene THz modulators realized by different

Pre-warning plays an important role in emergency handling, especially in urban areas with high population density like Beijing. Knowing the information dissemination mechanisms clearly could help us reduce losses and ensure the safety of human beings during emergencies. In this paper, we propose the models of pre-warning information dissemination via five classical media based on actual pre-warning

Despite the apparent ubiquity and variety of quantum spin liquids in theory, experimental confirmation of spin liquids remains to be a huge challenge. Motivated by the recent surge of evidences for spin liquids in a series of candidate materials, we highlight the experimental schemes, involving the thermal Hall transport and spectrum measurements, that can result in smoking-gun signatures of spin liquids

The drying of liquid droplets is a common phenomenon in daily life, and has long attracted special interest in scientific research. We propose a simple model to quantify the shape evolution of drying droplets. The model takes into account the friction constant between the contact line (CL) and the substrate, the capillary forces, and the evaporation rate. Two typical evaporation processes observed

By applying the first principles calculations combined with density functional theory (DFT), this study explored the optical properties, electronic structure, and structure stability of triangular borophene decorated chemically, B 3 X ( X = F, Cl) in a systematical manner. As revealed from the results of formation energy, phonon dispersion, and molecular dynamics simulation study, all the borophene

The process of in situ tumors developing into malignant tumors and exhibiting invasive behavior is extremely complicated . From a biophysical point of view, it is a phase change process affected by many factors, including cell-to-cell, cell-to-chemical material, cell-to-environment interaction, etc . In this study, we constructed spheroids based on green fluorescence metastatic breast cancer cells

A GaN-based pin neutron detector with a 6 LiF conversion layer was fabricated, and can be used to detect thermal neutrons. Measurement of the electrical characteristic of the GaN-based pin neutron detector showed that the reverse leakage current of the neutron detector was reduced significantly after deposition of a 6 LiF conversion layer on the detector surface. The thermal neutrons used in this experiment

Self-powered photodetectors based on nanomaterials have attracted lots of attention for several years due to their various advantages. In this paper, we report a high performance Cu 2 O/ZnO self-powered photodetector fabricated by using electrochemical deposition. ZnO nanowires arrays grown on indium-tin-oxide glass are immersed in Cu 2 O film to construct type-II band structure. The Cu 2 O/ZnO photodetector

When chaotic systems are implemented on finite precision machines, it will lead to the problem of dynamical degradation. Aiming at this problem, most previous related works have been proposed to improve the dynamical degradation of low-dimensional chaotic maps. This paper presents a novel method to construct high-dimensional digital chaotic systems in the domain of finite computing precision. The model

Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization process of hydrogen atom via the resonant laser pulse is studied by Bohmian mechanics (BM) method. By analyzing the trajectories and energies of Bohmian particles (BPs), we find that under the action of high frequency and low intensity multi-circle resonant laser pulses, the ionized BPs first absorb one photon completing the excitation, and then absorb another

This work presents the Gaussian process tomography (GPT) based on Bayesian data analysis and its applications in soft x-ray (SXR) and absolute extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy (AXUV) diagnostics on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). This is the first application of the GPT method in the AXUV diagnostic system in fusion devices. It is found that even if only horizontal detector arrays

The effects of temperature and pressure on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of OH are numerically studied under the excitation of A–X (1,0) transition at high pressures. A detailed theoretical analysis is carried out to reveal the physical processes of LIF. It is shown that high pressure LIF measurements get greatly complicated by the variations of pressure- and temperature-dependent parameters, such

The ionization processes of NH 3 molecule are studied by photoelectron velocity map imaging technique in a linearly polarized 400-nm femtosecond laser field. The two-dimensional photoelectron images from ammonia molecules under different laser intensities are obtained. In the slow electron region, the values of kinetic energy of photoelectrons corresponding to peaks 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 0.27, 0.86, 1

The optical atomic clocks have the potential to transform global timekeeping, relying on the state-of-the-art accuracy and stability, and greatly improve the measurement precision for a wide range of scientific and technological applications. Herein we report on the development of the optical clock based on 171 Yb atoms confined in an optical lattice. A minimum width of 1.92-Hz Rabi spectra has been

We investigate the enhanced chirality of chiral molecular J-aggregates (TDBC) by the propagating surface plasmons (PSPs) in the metallic hole array structure filled with TDBC. The two ends of the hole in the metal film form a low quality factor Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity, and this cavity confines PSPs. The resonant wavelength of the metallic hole array is tuned by the lattice constant and the size of

The nonradiative charge-transfer processes of Be 3+ (1s)/B 4+ (1s) colliding with He(1s 2 ) are investigated by the quantum-mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling (QMOCC) method from 10 eV/u to 1800 eV/u. Total and state-selective cross sections are obtained and compared with other results available. Although the incident ions have the same number of electrons and collide with the same target

Many complex networks in real life are embedded in space and most infrastructure networks are interdependent, such as the power system and the transport network. In this paper, we construct two cascading failure models on the multilayer spatial network. In our research, the distance l between nodes within the layer obeys the exponential distribution P ( l ) ∼ exp(– l / ζ ), and the length r of dependency

In recent years, clinical studies have found that acetone concentration in exhaled breath can be taken as a characteristic marker of diabetes. Metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) materials are widely used in acetone gas sensors due to their low cost, high sensitivity, fast response/recovery time, and easy integration. This paper reviews recent progress in acetone sensors based on MOS materials for diabetes

We report on the temperature-dependent Schottky barrier in organic solar cells based on PTB7:PC 71 BM. The ideality factor is found to increase with temperature decreasing, which is explained by a model in which the solar cell is taken as Schottky barrier diode. Accordingly, the dark current in the device originates from the thermally emitted electrons across the Schottky barrier. The fittings obtained

A fluid model is employed to investigate the effect of radio frequency bias on the behavior of an argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP). In particular, the effects of ICP source power, single-frequency bias power, and dual-frequency bias power on the characteristics of ICP are simulated at a fixed pressure of 30 mTorr (1 Torr = 1.33322 × 10 2 Pa). When the bias frequency is fixed at 27.12 MHz, the

Inspired by recent discoveries of the quasi-Josephson effect in shunted nanowire devices, we propose a superconducting nanowire interference device in this study, which is a combination of parallel ultrathin superconducting nanowires and a shunt resistor. A simple model based on the switching effect of nanowires and fluxoid quantization effect is developed to describe the behavior of the device. The

A feasible neuron model can be effective to estimate the mode transition in neural activities in a complex electromagnetic environment. When neurons are exposed to electromagnetic field, the continuous magnetization and polarization can generate nonlinear effect on the exchange and propagation of ions in the cell, and then the firing patterns can be regulated completely. The conductivity of ion channels

In the numerical studies of active particles, models consisting of a solid body and a fluid body have been well established and widely used. In this work, such an active Brownian particle (ABP) is realized in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Immersed in a fluid, each ABP consists of a head particle and a spherical phantom region of fluid where the flagellum of a microswimmer takes effect. Quantitative

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is a polymodel sensory receptor and can be activated by moderate temperature (≥ 43 °C). Though extensive researches on the heat-activation mechanism revealed some key elements that participate in the heat-sensation pathway, the detailed thermal-gating mechanism of TRPV1 is still unclear. We investigate the heat-activation process of TRPV1 channel

We investigate structural, mechanical, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties of vanadium-based X VO 3 ( X = Na, K, Rb) materials using density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. The structural and thermodynamic stabilities are probed by the tolerance factor (0.98, 1.01, and 1.02) with the negative value of enthalpy of formation. Mechanical properties are analyzed in the form of Born

We perform a computational simulation of light emissions from two sonoluminescent bubbles in water. Our simulation includes the radii of two bubbles, radiation acoustic pressures, and light emission spectra by numerically solving the pulsing equations of a two-bubble system and the equations of gas dynamics. The simulation results demonstrate that the motion of each bubble in the two-bubble system

In supersonic flowing plasmas, the auto-resonant behavior of ion acoustic waves driven by stimulated Brillouin backscattering is self-consistently investigated. A nature of absolute instability appears in the evolution of the stimulated Brillouin backscattering. By adopting certain form of incident lights combined by two perpendicular linear polarization lasers or polarization rotation lasers, the

The behaviors of helium clusters and self-interstitial tungsten atoms at different temperatures are investigated with the molecular dynamics method. The self-interstitial tungsten atoms prefer to form crowdions which can tightly bind the helium cluster at low temperature. The crowdion can change its position around the helium cluster by rotating and slipping at medium temperatures, which leads to formation

We investigate the dynamical behavior of hybrid virus infection systems with nonlytic immune response in switching environment, which is modeled as a stochastic process of telegraph noise and represented as a multi-state Markov chains. Firstly, The existence of unique positive solution and boundedness of the new hybrid system is proved. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions for extinction and persistence

Postselected von Neumann measurement characterized by postselection and weak value has been found to possess potential applications in quantum metrology and solved plenty of fundamental problems in quantum theory. As an application of this new measurement technique in quantum optics and quantum information processing, its effects on the features of single-mode radiation fields such as coherent state

Group-V elemental nanofilms were predicted to exhibit interesting physical properties such as nontrivial topological properties due to their strong spin–orbit coupling, the quantum confinement, and surface effect. It was reported that the ultrathin Sb nanofilms can undergo a series of topological transitions as a function of the film thickness h : from a topological semimetal ( h > 7.8 nm) to a topological

We report observation of dispersion for coupled exciton-polariton in a plate microcavity combining with ZnO/MgZnO multi-quantum well (QW) at room temperature. Benefited from the large exciton binding energy and giant oscillator strength, the room-temperature Rabi splitting energy can be enhanced to be as large as 60 meV. The results of excitonic polariton dispersion can be well described using the

Based on the coupled acoustic scattering of two neighboring fluid-filled thin elastic shells suspending in an unbounded viscous liquid, an analytical method is developed to calculate the acoustic radiation force (ARF) of the shells. Two physical effects are taken into account: elastic radiation scattering and the multiple interactions of shells. Numerical results reveal that the magnitude of ARF can

A novel leaky-wave antenna (LWA) utilizing spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) excitation is proposed with continuous scanning range from endfire to forward. The designed transmission line unit supports two SSPPS modes, of which the 2nd order mode is applied in the design. A novel strategy has been devised to excite the spatial radiation of the –1st order harmonics by arranging periodic counter