Iron (Fe) was successfully doped in CuWO4 photoanode films with a combined liquid-phase spin-coating method via the dopant sources of Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4 and FeCl3. The microstructure of the prepared films was characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The light absorption and photoelectric conversion properties were evaluated by the UV-visible absorption

We report the structural and electrical transport properties of Fe1–x Cu x Se (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10) single crystals grown by a chemical vapor transport method. Substituting Cu for Fe suppresses both the nematicity and superconductivity of FeSe single crystal, and provokes a metal–insulator transition. Our Hall measurements show that the Cu substitution also changes an electron dominance at low

TiAl-based alloys have received extensive attention recently due to their excellent properties. However, the weak oxidation resistance at temperatures higher than 800 C can limit their further high-temperature structural applications. To improve the oxidation resistance of a high-Nb-content γ-TiAl alloy (Ti-45Al-8.5Nb, in units of at.%), a chromium (Cr) coating is prepared by using the plasma surface

We propose a three-cavity coupled cavity optomechanical (COM) structure with tunable system parameters and theoretically investigate the probe-light transmission rate. Numerical calculation of the system’s spectra demonstrates distinctive compound-induced transparency (CIT) characteristics, including multiple transparency windows and sideband dips, which can be explained by a coupling between opto

Quantum speed limit time and entanglement in a system composed of coupled quantum dots are investigated. The excess electron spin in each quantum dot constitutes the physical system (qubit). Also the spin interaction is modeled through the Heisenberg model and the spins are imposed by an external magnetic field. Taking into account the spin relaxation as a non-Markovian process, the quantum speed limit

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with postpassivation plasma treatment are demonstrated and investigated for the first time. The results show that postpassivation plasma treatment can reduce the gate leakage and enhance the drain current. Comparing with the conventional devices, the gate leakage of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with postpassivation plasma decreases greatly while the drain current

Hydrogen, regarded as a promising energy carrier to alleviate the current energy crisis, can be generated from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), whereas its efficiency is impeded by the activity of catalysts. Herein, effective strategies, such as strain and interfacial engineering, are imposed to tune the catalysis performance of novel two-dimensional (2D) phosphorus carbide (PC) layers using first-principle

We review the experimental and computational data about the propagation of neural signals in myelinated axons in mice, cats, rabbits, and frogs published in the past five decades. In contrast to the natural assumption that neural signals occur one by one in time and in space, we figure out that neural signals are highly overlapped in time between neighboring nodes. This phenomenon was occasionally

We theoretically investigate the effects of different electronic states as the initial state on the vortex patterns in photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) from numerical solutions of the two-dimensional (2D) time-dependent Schrdinger equation (TDSE) of He+ with a pair of counter-rotating circularly polarized attosecond pulses. It is found that the number of spiral arms in vortex patterns is

The spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) effect in Pt/Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) bilayers was systematically investigated. The sign of SMR changes twice with increasing magnetic field in the vicinity of the magnetization compensation point (T M) of GdIG. However, conventional SMR theory predicts the invariant SMR sign in the heterostructure composed of a heavy metal film in contact with a ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic

Nonlinear optical frequency mixing, which describes new frequencies generation by exciting nonlinear materials with intense light field, has drawn vast interests in the field of photonic devices, material characterization, and optical imaging. Investigating and manipulating the nonlinear optical response of target materials lead us to reveal hidden physics and develop applications in optical devices

Atomistic simulations are carried out to investigate the nano-indentation of single crystal Cu and the sliding of the Cu–Zn alloy. As the contact zone is extended due to adhesive interaction between the contact atoms, the contact area on a nanoscale is redefined. A comparison of contact area and contact force between molecular dynamics (MD) and contact theory based on Greenwood–Williamson (GW) model

We investigated the influence of an inserted bar on the hopper flow experimentally. Three geometrical parameters, size of upper outlet D 1, size of lower outlet D 0, and the height of bar H, are variables here. With varying H we found three regimes: one transition from clogging to a surface flow and another transition from a surface flow to a dense flow. For the dense flow, the flow rate follows Beverloo’s

The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical formalism and derive series expansions for the time-averaged force and torque exerted on a compound coated compressible liquid-like cylinder, insonified by acoustic standing waves having an arbitrary angle of incidence in the polar (transverse) plane. The host medium of wave propagation and the eccentric liquid-like cylinder are non-viscous. Numerical

Following the gradual maturation of synthetic techniques for nanomaterials, exciton–plasmon composites have become a research hot-spot due to their controllable energy transfer through electromagnetic fields on the nanoscale. However, most reports ignore fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) under electrostatic repulsion conditions. In this study, the FRET process is investigated in both electrostatic

Structure evaluation is critical to in silico 3-dimensional structure predictions for biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. For proteins, structure evaluation has been paid attention over three decades along with protein folding problem, and statistical potentials have been shown to be effective and efficient in protein structure prediction and evaluation. In recent two decades, RNA folding

In high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, it is crucial to accurately identify denatured and normal biological tissues. In this paper, a novel method based on compressed sensing (CS) and refined composite multi-scale fuzzy entropy (RCMFE) is proposed. First, CS is used to denoise the HIFU echo signals. Then the multi-scale fuzzy entropy (MFE) and RCMFE of the denoised HIFU echo signals

A local refinement hybrid scheme (LRCSPH-FDM) is proposed to solve the two-dimensional (2D) time fractional nonlinear Schrdinger equation (TF-NLSE) in regularly or irregularly shaped domains, and extends the scheme to predict the quantum mechanical properties governed by the time fractional Gross–Pitaevskii equation (TF-GPE) with the rotating Bose–Einstein condensate. It is the first application of

Two-dimensional (2D) magnets provide an ideal platform to explore new physical phenomena in fundamental magnetism and to realize the miniaturization of magnetic devices. The study on its domain structure evolution with thickness is of great significance for better understanding the 2D magnetism. Here, we investigate the magnetization reversal and domain structure evolution in 2D ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2

We demonstrate that radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique can modify the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of Pt/Co/normal metal (NM) thin films. Influence of ion irradiation during RF magnetron sputtering should not be neglected and it can weaken PMA of the deposited magnetic films. The magnitude of this influence can be controlled by tuning RF magnetron sputtering deposition conditions

Primary radiation damage in hcp Zr, including both defect production in a single collision cascade and damage buildup through cascade overlap, is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations from a potential energy landscape (PEL) perspective. It is found that the material’s response to an energetic particle can be understood as a trajectory in the PEL comprising a fast uphill journey and

We present a cluster mean-field study for ground-state phase diagram and many-body dynamics of spin-1 bosons confined in a two-chain Bose–Hubbard ladder (BHL). For unbiased BHL, we find superfluid (SF) phase and integer filling Mott insulator (IntMI) phase. For biased BHL, in addition to the SF and IntMI phases, there appears half-integer filling Mott insulator (HIntMI) phase. The phase transition

Nanocrystalline samples of highly pure lead oxide were prepared by the sol-gel route of synthesis. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic techniques confirmed the nanocrystallinity of the samples, and the average sizes of the crystallites were found within 20 nm to 35 nm. The nanocrystallites exhibited specific anomalous properties, among which a prominent one is the increased lattice

Mode-interaction plays an important role in the dark soliton generation in the microcavity. It is beneficial to the excitation of dark solitons, but also facilitates a variety of dark soliton states. Based on the non-normalized Lugiato–Lefever equation, the evolution of dark soliton in the microcavity with mode-interaction is investigated. By means of mode-interaction, the initial continuous wave (CW)

We present a cooling scheme with a tripod configuration atomic ensemble trapped in an optomechanical cavity. With the employment of two different quantum interference processes, our scheme illustrates that it is possible to cool a resonator to its ground state in the strong cavity–atom coupling regime. Moreover, with the assistance of one additional energy level, our scheme takes a larger cooling rate

This review summarizes the requirement of low temperature conditions in existing experimental approaches to quantum computation and quantum simulation.

The zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) sensors were prepared in-situ on the gas-sensing electrodes by a one-step simple sol-gel method for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. The sphere-like ZnO NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and their H2S sensing performance

The dynamic phase transition properties for ferroelectric nanotube under a spin-1/2 transverse Ising model are studied under the effective field theory (EFT) with correlations. The temperature effects on the pseudo-spin systems are unveiled in three-dimensional (3-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) phase diagrams. Moreover, the dynamic behaviors of exchange interactions on the 3-D and 2-D phase transitions

We present a quantum adiabatic algorithm for a set of quantum 2-satisfiability (Q2SAT) problem, which is a generalization of 2-satisfiability (2SAT) problem. For a Q2SAT problem, we construct the Hamiltonian which is similar to that of a Heisenberg chain. All the solutions of the given Q2SAT problem span the subspace of the degenerate ground states. The Hamiltonian is adiabatically evolved so that

Quantum simulation has been developed extensively over the past decades, widely applied to different models to explore dynamics in the quantum regime. Rydberg atoms have strong dipole–dipole interactions and interact with each other over a long distance, which makes it straightforward to build many-body interacting quantum systems to simulate specific models. Additionally, neutral atoms are easily

Perfect state transfer (PST) has great significance due to its applications in quantum information processing and quantum computation. The main problem we study in this paper is to determine whether the two-fold Cayley tree, an extension of the Cayley tree, admits perfect state transfer between two roots using quantum walks. We show that PST can be achieved by means of the so-called nonrepeating quantum

The broadband absorption enhancement effect in ultrathin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films is investigated. It is achieved by inserting the MoS2 film between a dielectric film and a one-dimensional silver grating backed with a silver mirror. The broadband absorption enhancement in the visible region is achieved, which exhibits large integrated absorption and short-circuit current density for solar

The spontaneous emission rate of a two-level quantum emitter (QE) near a gold nanorod is numerically investigated. Three different optical response models for the free-electron gas are adopted, including the classical Drude local response approximation, the nonlocal hydrodynamic model, and the generalized nonlocal optical response model. Nonlocal optical response leads to a blueshift and a reduction

The vortex pinning determining the current carrying capacity of a superconductor is an important property to the applications of superconducting materials. For layered superconductors, the vortex pinning can be enhanced by a strong interlayer interaction in accompany with a suppression of superconducting anisotropy, which remains to be investigated in iron based superconductors (FeSCs) with the layered

The Painlev property for a (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) extension, the combined KP3 (Kadomtsev–Petviashvili) and KP4 (cKP3-4), is proved by using Kruskal’s simplification. The truncated Painlev expansion is used to find the Schwartz form, the Bcklund/Levi transformations, and the residual nonlocal symmetry. The residual symmetry is localized to find its finite Bcklund transformation. The

The folding of many small proteins is kinetically a two-state process with one major free-energy barrier to overcome, which can be roughly regarded as the inverse process of unfolding. In this work, we first use a Gaussian network model to predict the folding nucleus corresponding to the major free-energy barrier of protein 2GB1, and find that the folding nucleus is located in the β-sheet domain. High-temperature

In atomic, molecular, and nuclear physics, the method of complex coordinate rotation is a widely used theoretical tool for studying resonant states. Here, we propose a novel implementation of this method based on the gradient optimization (CCR-GO). The main strength of the CCR-GO method is that it does not require manual adjustment of optimization parameters in the wave function; instead, a mathematically

The commercial 42M Nd–Fe–B magnet was treated by grain boundary diffusion (GBD) with Pr70Co30 (PC), Pr70Al30 (PA) and Pr70Co15Al15 (PCA) alloys, respectively. The mechanism of coercivity enhancement in the GBD magnets was investigated. The coercivity was enhanced from 1.63 T to 2.15 T in the PCA GBD magnet, higher than the 1.81 T of the PC GBD magnet and the 2.01 T of the PA GBD magnet. This indicates

Dual phase grating x-ray interferometry is compatible with common imaging detectors, and abandons the use of an absorption analyzer grating to reduce the radiation dose. When using x-ray tubes, an absorbing source grating must be introduced into the dual phase grating interferometer. In order to attain a high fringe visibility, in this work we conduct a quantitative coherence analysis of dual phase

Study of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials is important for both fundamental research and application. Here we report molecular beam epitaxy growth of iodides, candidates for exhibiting 2D magnetism. Decomposition of CrI3 is utilized to produce stable gaseous I2 flux. Growth of MnI2, GdI3, and CrI2 down to monolayer is successful achieved by co-depositing I2 and corresponding metal atoms. The

We study the abruptly autofocusing and autodefocusing properties of the circular Airy Gaussian vortex (CAiGV) beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium for the first time through numerical simulations. The magnitude of topological charges and the position of the vortex could change not only the light spot pattern but also the intensity contrast. Meanwhile, we can change the position of the autofocusing

Although tuning band structure of optoelectronic semiconductor-based materials by means of doping single defect is an important approach for potential photocatalysis application, C-doping or oxygen vacancy (Vo) as a single defect in ZnO still has limitations for photocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, the influence of co-existence of various defects in ZnO still lacks sufficient studies. Therefore, we

Carbon-doped InGaAsBi films on InP:Fe (100) substrates have been grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE). The electrical properties and non-alloyed Ti/Pt/Au contact resistance of n-type carbon-doped InGaAsBi films were characterized by Van der Pauw–Hall measurement and transmission line method (TLM) with and without rapid thermal annealing (RTA). It was found that the specific contact resistance

To improve the complexity of chaotic signals, in this paper we first put forward a new three-dimensional quadratic fractional-order multi-scroll hidden chaotic system, then we use the Adomian decomposition algorithm to solve the proposed fractional-order chaotic system and obtain the chaotic phase diagrams of different orders, as well as the Lyaponov exponent spectrum, bifurcation diagram, and SE complexity

A multicomponent thermal multi-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is presented to study collapsing cavitation bubble. The simulation results satisfy Laplace law and the adiabatic law, and are consistent with the numerical solution of the Rayleigh–Plesset equation. To study the effects of the non-condensable gas inside bubble on collapsing cavitation bubble, a numerical model of single

A novel shorted anode lateral-insulated gate bipolar transistor (SA LIGBT) with snapback-free characteristic is proposed and investigated. The device features a controlled barrier V barrier and resistance R SA in anode, named CBR LIGBT. The electron barrier is formed by the P-float/N-buffer junction, while the anode resistance includes the polysilicon layer and N-float. At forward conduction stage

A novel scheme for high-efficiency terahertz (THz) wave generation based on optimized cascaded difference frequency generation (OCDFG) with planar waveguide is presented. The phase mismatches of each-order cascaded difference frequency generation (CDFG) are modulated by changing the thickness of the waveguide, resulting in a decrement of phase mismatches in cascaded Stokes processes and an increment

A novel complementary grating structure is proposed for plasmonic refractive index sensing due to its strong resonance at near-infrared wavelength. The reflection spectra and the electric field distributions are obtained via the finite-difference time-domain method. Numerical simulation results show that multiple surface plasmon resonance modes can be excited in this novel structure. Subsequently,

We consider the Hamiltonian of α, β-Fermi Pasta Ulam lattice and explore the Hamilton–Jacobi formalism to obtain the discrete equation of motion. By using the continuum limit approximations and incorporating some normalized parameters, the extended Korteweg–de Vries equation is obtained, with solutions that elucidate on the Fermi Pasta Ulam paradox. We further derive the nonlinear Schrdinger amplitude

In the unresolved sideband regime, we propose a scheme for cooling mechanical resonator close to its ground state in a three-cavity optomechanical system, where the auxiliary cavities are indirectly connected with the mechanical resonator through standard optomechanical subsystem. The standard optomechanical subsystem is driven by a strong pump laser field. With the help of the auxiliary cavities,

Combing with the generalized Hamiltonian system theory, by introducing a special form of sinusoidal function, a class of n-dimensional (n = 1,2,3) controllable multi-scroll conservative chaos with complicated dynamics is constructed. The dynamics characteristics including bifurcation behavior and coexistence of the system are analyzed in detail, the latter reveals abundant coexisting flows. Furthermore

We investigate the role of aging temperature on relaxation of internal friction in Zr59Fe18Al10Ni10Nb3 metallic glass. For this purpose, dynamic mechanical analysis with different annealing temperatures and frequency values is applied. The results indicate that the aging process leads to decrease in the dissipated energy in the temperature range of glass transition. It is also found that the increase

This paper conducts a trade-off between efficiency and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement based on the triangulation principle, and introduces a flying and precise 3D shape measurement method based on multiple parallel line lasers. Firstly, we establish the measurement model of the multiple parallel line lasers system, and introduce the concept that multiple base planes can help to

As is well known, the quantum evolution speed of quantum state can never be accelerated in the Markovian regime without any operators on the system. The Hamiltonian corrections induced by the action of coherent driving forces are often used to fight dissipative and decoherence mechanisms in experiments. For this reason, considering three noisy channels (the phase-flip channel, the amplitude damping

Recently, the quantitative rescattering model (QRS) for nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) is modified by taking into account the potential change (PC) due to the presence of electric field at the time of recollision. Using the improved QRS model, we simulate the longitudinal momentum distributions of doubly charged ions He2+ by projecting the correlated two-electron momentum distributions for

To fully release the potential of wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors and achieve high energy density and efficiency, a carbonyl iron soft magnetic composite (SMC) with an easy plane-like structure is prepared. Due to this structure, the permeability of the composite increases by 3 times (from 7.5 to 21.5) at 100 MHz compared with to the spherical carbonyl iron SMC, and the permeability changes little

Figure 2 in the original paper (Chin. Phys. B 27 057403 (2018)]) is replaced by a new one.

We demonstrate high-performance broadband tunable external-cavity lasers (ECLs) with the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs) structures. Without cavity facet coatings, the 3-dB spectral bandwidth of the Fabry–Perot (FP) laser is approximately 10.8 nm, while the tuning bandwidth of ECLs is 45 nm. Combined with the anti-reflection (AR) / high-reflection (HR)

The growth of γ-In2Se3 thin films on mica by molecular beam epitaxy is studied. Single-crystalline γ-In2Se3 is achieved at a relatively low growth temperature. An ultrathin β-In2Se3 buffer layer is observed to nucleate and grow through a process of self-organization at initial deposition, which facilitates subsequent monolithic epitaxy of single-crystalline γ-In2Se3 at low temperature. Strong room-temperature

We review analytical and numerical studies of correlated insulating states in twisted bilayer graphene, focusing on real-space lattice models constructions and their unbiased quantum many-body solutions. We show that by constructing localized Wannier states for the narrow bands, the projected Coulomb interactions can be approximated by interactions of cluster charges with assisted nearest neighbor