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Virtual source approach for maximizing resolution in high-penetration gamma-ray imaging Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yuchi Wu, Shaoyi Wang, Bin Zhu, Yonghong Yan, Minghai Yu, Gang Li, Xiaohui Zhang, Yue Yang, Fang Tan, Feng Lu, Bi Bi, Xiaoqin Mao, Zhonghai Wang, Zongqing Zhao, Jingqin Su, Weimin Zhou, Yuqiu Gu
High-energy gamma-ray radiography has exceptional penetration ability and has become an indispensable nondestructive testing (NDT) tool in various fields. For high-energy photons, point projection radiography is almost the only feasible imaging method, and its spatial resolution is primarily constrained by the size of the gamma-ray source. In conventional industrial applications, gamma-ray sources
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Self-consistent and precise measurement of time-dependent radiative albedo of gold based on specially symmetrical triple-cavity Hohlraum Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Zhiyu Zhang, Yang Zhao, Xiaoying Han, Liling Li, Bo Qing, Lifei Hou, Yulong Li, YuXue Zhang, Huan Zhang, Xiangming Liu, Bo Deng, Gang Xiong, Min Lv, Tuo Zhu, Chengwu Huang, Tianming Song, Yan Zhao, Yingjie Li, Lu Zhang, Xufei Xie, Jiyan Zhang, Jiamin Yang
A self-consistent and precise method to determine the time-dependent radiative albedo, i.e., the ratio of the reemission flux to the incident flux, for an indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion Hohlraum wall material is proposed. A specially designed symmetrical triple-cavity gold Hohlraum is used to create approximately constant and near-equilibrium uniform radiation with a peak temperature of
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A novel rapid cooling assembly design in a high-pressure cubic press apparatus Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Peiyan Wu, Yongjiang Xu, Yanhao Lin
In traditional high-pressure–temperature assembly design, priority has been given to temperature insulation and retention at high pressures. This limits the efficiency of cooling of samples at the end of experiments, with a negative impact on many studies in high-pressure Earth and planetary science. Inefficient cooling of experiments containing molten phases at high temperature leads to the formation
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Fast efficient photon deceleration in plasmas by using two laser pulses at different frequencies Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Y. X. Wang, X. L. Zhu, S. M. Weng, P. Li, X. F. Li, H. Ai, H. R. Pan, Z. M. Sheng
The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) to terahertz (THz) range is of interest for applications in a number of fields, from fundamental research to biology and medicine. Besides conventional laser technology, photon deceleration in plasma wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort mid-IR or THz pulses. Here, we present a photon
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Ultrahigh-brightness 50 MeV electron beam generation from laser wakefield acceleration in a weakly nonlinear regime Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Zhongtao Xiang, Changhai Yu, Zhiyong Qin, Xuhui Jiao, Jiahui Cheng, Qiaoxuan Zhou, Gatie Axi, Jianghua Jie, Ya Huang, Jintan Cai, Jiansheng Liu
We propose an efficient scheme to produce ultrahigh-brightness tens of MeV electron beams by designing a density-tailored plasma to induce a wakefield in the weakly nonlinear regime with a moderate laser energy of 120 mJ. In this scheme, the second bucket of the wakefield can have a much lower phase velocity at the steep plasma density down-ramp than the first bucket and can be exploited to implement
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Unveiling a novel metal-to-metal transition in LuH2: Critically challenging superconductivity claims in lutetium hydrides Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Dong Wang, Ningning Wang, Caoshun Zhang, Chunsheng Xia, Weicheng Guo, Xia Yin, Kejun Bu, Takeshi Nakagawa, Jianbo Zhang, Federico Gorelli, Philip Dalladay-Simpson, Thomas Meier, Xujie Lü, Liling Sun, Jinguang Cheng, Qiaoshi Zeng, Yang Ding, Ho-kwang Mao
Following the recent report by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al. [Nature 615, 244–250 (2023)] of near-ambient superconductivity in nitrogen-doped lutetium trihydride (LuH3−δNε), significant debate has emerged surrounding the composition and interpretation of the observed sharp resistance drop. Here, we meticulously revisit these claims through comprehensive characterization and investigations. We definitively
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Collective coherent emission of electrons in strong laser fields and perspective for hard x-ray lasers Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 E. G. Gelfer, A. M. Fedotov, O. Klimo, S. Weber
Coherent motion of particles in a plasma can imprint itself on radiation. The recent advent of high-power lasers—allowing the nonlinear inverse Compton-scattering regime to be reached—has opened the possibility of looking at collective effects in laser–plasma interactions. Under certain conditions, the collective interaction of many electrons with a laser pulse can generate coherent radiation in the
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High-pressure minerals and new lunar mineral changesite-(Y) in Chang’e-5 regolith Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Jing Yang, Wei Du
Forty-five years after the Apollo and Luna missions, China’s Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission collected ∼1.73 kg of new lunar materials from one of the youngest basalt units on the Moon. The CE-5 lunar samples provide opportunities to address some key scientific questions related to the Moon, including the discovery of high-pressure silica polymorphs (seifertite and stishovite) and a new lunar mineral, changesite-(Y)
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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 J. Cikhardt, M. Gyrdymov, S. Zähter, P. Tavana, M. M. Günther, N. Bukharskii, N. Borisenko, J. Jacoby, X. F. Shen, A. Pukhov, N. E. Andreev, O. N. Rosmej
Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativistic laser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric
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On the thermodynamics of plasticity during quasi-isentropic compression of metallic glass Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Kaiguo Chen, Bo Chen, Yinan Cui, Yuying Yu, Jidong Yu, Huayun Geng, Dongdong Kang, Jianhua Wu, Yao Shen, Jiayu Dai
Entropy production in quasi-isentropic compression (QIC) is critically important for understanding the properties of materials under extreme conditions. However, the origin and accurate quantification of entropy in this situation remain long-standing challenges. In this work, a framework is established for the quantification of entropy production and partition, and their relation to microstructural
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Diagnosis of indirectly driven double shell targets with point-projection hard x-ray radiography Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Chao Tian, Minghai Yu, Lianqiang Shan, Fengjuan Wu, Bi Bi, Qiangqiang Zhang, Yuchi Wu, Tiankui Zhang, Feng Zhang, Dongxiao Liu, Weiwu Wang, Zongqiang Yuan, Siqian Yang, Lei Yang, Zhigang Deng, Jian Teng, Weimin Zhou, Zongqing Zhao, Yuqiu Gu, Baohan Zhang
We present an application of short-pulse laser-generated hard x rays for the diagnosis of indirectly driven double shell targets. Cone-inserted double shell targets were imploded through an indirect drive approach on the upgraded SG-II laser facility. Then, based on the point-projection hard x-ray radiography technique, time-resolved radiography of the double shell targets, including that of their
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Combining stochastic density functional theory with deep potential molecular dynamics to study warm dense matter Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Tao Chen, Qianrui Liu, Yu Liu, Liang Sun, Mohan Chen
In traditional finite-temperature Kohn–Sham density functional theory (KSDFT), the partial occupation of a large number of high-energy KS eigenstates restricts the use of first-principles molecular dynamics methods at extremely high temperatures. However, stochastic density functional theory (SDFT) can overcome this limitation. Recently, SDFT and the related mixed stochastic–deterministic density functional
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Five-view three-dimensional reconstruction for ultrafast dynamic imaging of pulsed radiation sources Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Jianpeng Gao, Liang Sheng, Xinyi Wang, Yanhong Zhang, Liang Li, Baojun Duan, Mei Zhang, Yang Li, Dongwei Hei
Multiaxial neutron/x-ray imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques play a crucial role in gaining valuable insights into the generation and evolution mechanisms of pulsed radiation sources. Owing to the short emission time (∼200 ns) and drastic changes of the pulsed radiation source, it is necessary to acquire projection data within a few nanoseconds in order to achieve clear computed
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Study of the spatial growth of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a gas-filled Hohlraum via detecting the driven ion acoustic wave Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Chaoxin Chen, Tao Gong, Zhichao Li, Liang Hao, Yonggang Liu, Xiangming Liu, Hang Zhao, Yaoyuan Liu, Kaiqiang Pan, Qi Li, Sanwei Li, Zhijun Li, Sai Jin, Feng Wang, Dong Yang
In an experiment performed on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility, collective Thomson scattering (TS) is used to study the spatial growth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a gas-filled Hohlraum by detecting the SBS-driven ion acoustic wave. High-quality time-resolved SBS and TS spectra are obtained simultaneously in the experiment, and these are analyzed by a steady-state code based
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Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 J.-R. Marquès, L. Lancia, P. Loiseau, P. Forestier-Colleoni, M. Tarisien, E. Atukpor, V. Bagnoud, C. Brabetz, F. Consoli, J. Domange, F. Hannachi, P. Nicolaï, M. Salvadori, B. Zielbauer
We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet [Marquès et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 023103 (2021)]. In a continuation of this numerical work, we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases: without tailoring, by tailoring
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Distinct vibrational signatures and complex phase behavior in metallic oxygen Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Philip Dalladay-Simpson, Bartomeu Monserrat, Li Zhang, Federico Gorelli
Evidence for metallization in dense oxygen has been reported for over 30 years [Desgreniers et al., J. Phys. Chem. 94, 1117 (1990)] at a now routinely accessible 95 GPa [Shimizu et al., Nature 393, 767 (1998)]. However, despite the longevity of this result and the technological advances since, the nature of the metallic phase remains poorly constrained [Akahama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4690 (1995);
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Resistive field generation in intense proton beam interaction with solid targets Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 W. Q. Wang, J. J. Honrubia, Y. Yin, X. H. Yang, F. Q. Shao
The Brown–Preston–Singleton (BPS) stopping power model is added to our previously developed hybrid code to model ion beam–plasma interaction. Hybrid simulations show that both resistive field and ion scattering effects are important for proton beam transport in a solid target, in which they compete with each other. When the target is not completely ionized, the self-generated resistive field effect
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Design of high-temperature superconductors at moderate pressures by alloying AlH3 or GaH3 Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Xiaowei Liang, Xudong Wei, Eva Zurek, Aitor Bergara, Peifang Li, Guoying Gao, Yongjun Tian
Since the discovery of hydride superconductors, a significant challenge has been to reduce the pressure required for their stabilization. In this context, we propose that alloying could be an effective strategy to achieve this. We focus on a series of alloyed hydrides with the AMH6 composition, which can be made via alloying A15 AH3 (A = Al or Ga) with M (M = a group ⅢB or IVB metal), and study their
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Backward scattering of laser plasma interactions from hundreds-of-joules broadband laser on thick target Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Peipei Wang, Honghai An, Zhiheng Fang, Jun Xiong, Zhiyong Xie, Chen Wang, Zhiyu He, Guo Jia, Ruirong Wang, Shu Zheng, Lan Xia, Wei Feng, Haitao Shi, Wei Wang, Jinren Sun, Yanqi Gao, Sizu Fu
The use of broadband laser technology is a novel approach for inhibiting processes related to laser plasma interactions (LPIs). In this study, several preliminary experiments into broadband-laser-driven LPIs are carried out using a newly established hundreds-of-joules broadband second-harmonic-generation laser facility. Through direct comparison with LPI results for a traditional narrowband laser,
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Semi-hydro-equivalent design and performance extrapolation between 100 kJ-scale and NIF-scale indirect drive implosion Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Huasen Zhang, Dongguo Kang, Changshu Wu, Liang Hao, Hao Shen, Shiyang Zou, Shaoping Zhu, Yongkun Ding
Extrapolation of implosion performance between different laser energy scales is investigated for indirect drive through a semi-hydro-equivalent design. Since radiation transport is non-hydro-equivalent, the peak radiation temperature of the hohlraum and the ablation velocity of the capsule ablator are not scale-invariant when the sizes of the hohlraum and the capsule are scale-varied. A semi-hydro-equivalent
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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Constantin Aniculaesei, Thanh Ha, Samuel Yoffe, Lance Labun, Stephen Milton, Edward McCary, Michael M. Spinks, Hernan J. Quevedo, Ou Z. Labun, Ritwik Sain, Andrea Hannasch, Rafal Zgadzaj, Isabella Pagano, Jose A. Franco-Altamirano, Martin L. Ringuette, Erhart Gaul, Scott V. Luedtke, Ganesh Tiwari, Bernhard Ersfeld, Enrico Brunetti, Hartmut Ruhl, Todd Ditmire, Sandra Bruce, Michael E. Donovan, Michael
An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma waves. Under appropriate conditions, electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic velocities. This scheme is called a laser wakefield accelerator. In this work, we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the
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Growth of ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability induced by time-varying heat-flux perturbation Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Yang Liu, De-Hua Zhang, Jing-Fei Xin, Yudong Pu, Jun Li, Tao Tao, Dejun Sun, Rui Yan, Jian Zheng
The evolution of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability (ARTI) induced by single-mode stationary and time-varying perturbations in heat flux is studied numerically in two dimensions. Compared with the stationary case, time-varying heat-flux perturbation mitigates ARTI growth because of the enhanced thermal smoothing induced by the wave-like traveling heat flux. A resonance is found to form when the phase
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Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Josef Krása, Tomáš Burian, Věra Hájková, Jaromír Chalupský, Šimon Jelínek, Kateřina Frantálová, Michal Krupka, Zuzana Kuglerová, Sushil Kumar Singh, Vojtěch Vozda, Luděk Vyšín, Michal Šmíd, Pablo Perez-Martin, Marion Kühlman, Juan Pintor, Jakub Cikhardt, Matthias Dreimann, Dennis Eckermann, Felix Rosenthal, Sam M. Vinko, Alessandro Forte, Thomas Gawne, Thomas Campbell, Shenyuan Ren, YuanFeng Shi, Trevor
We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser (FEL) aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating. In the experiment, we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution model. We find that most emitted ions are thermal, but that some
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Nonstationary laser-supported ionization wave in layer of porous substance with subcritical density Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 S. Yu Gus’kov, R. A. Yakhin
A time-dependent analytical solution is found for the velocity of a plane ionization wave generated under nanosecond laser pulse action on the surface of a flat layer of low-Z porous substance with density less than the critical density of the produced plasma. With corrections for the two-dimensional nature of the problem when a laser beam of finite radius interacts with a flat target, this solution
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Spin-polarized electron beam generation in the colliding-pulse injection scheme Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Zheng Gong, Michael J. Quin, Simon Bohlen, Christoph H. Keitel, Kristjan Põder, Matteo Tamburini
Employing colliding-pulse injection has been shown to enable the generation of high-quality electron beams from laser–plasma accelerators. Here, by using test particle simulations, Hamiltonian analysis, and multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we lay the theoretical framework for spin-polarized electron beam generation in the colliding-pulse injection scheme. Furthermore, we show that this
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Pressure-induced evolution of stoichiometries and electronic structures of host–guest Na–B compounds Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Zixuan Guo, Xing Li, Aitor Bergara, Shicong Ding, Xiaohua Zhang, Guochun Yang
Superionic and electride behaviors in materials, which induce a variety of exotic physical properties of ions and electrons, are of great importance both in fundamental research and for practical applications. However, their coexistence in hot alkali-metal borides has not been observed. In this work, we apply first-principles structure search calculations to identify eight Na–B compounds with host–guest
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Density-dependent carrier-envelope phase shift in attosecond pulse generation from relativistically oscillating mirrors Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Rishat Zagidullin, Stefan Tietze, Matt Zepf, Jingwei Wang, Sergey Rykovanov
The carrier-envelope phase (CEP) φ0 is one of the key parameters in the generation of isolated attosecond pulses. In particular, “cosine” pulses (φ0 = 0) are best suited for generation of single attosecond pulses in atomic media. Such “cosine” pulses have the peak of the most intense cycle aligned with the peak of the pulse envelope, and therefore have the highest contrast between the peak intensity
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Electron acceleration in a coil target-driven low-β magnetic reconnection simulation Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Jiacheng Yu, Jiayong Zhong, Yongli Ping, Weiming An
Magnetic reconnection driven by a capacitor coil target is an innovative way to investigate low-β magnetic reconnection in the laboratory, where β is the ratio of particle thermal pressure to magnetic pressure. Low-β magnetic reconnection frequently occurs in the Earth’s magnetosphere, where the plasma is characterized by β ≲ 0.01. In this paper, we analyze electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection
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Generating a tunable narrow electron beam comb via laser-driven plasma grating Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Hetian Yang, Jingwei Wang, Shixia Luan, Ke Feng, Wentao Wang, Ruxin Li
We propose a novel approach for generating a high-density, spatially periodic narrow electron beam comb (EBC) from a plasma grating induced by the interference of two intense laser pulses in subcritical-density plasma. We employ particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to investigate the effects of cross-propagating laser pulses with specific angles overlapping in a subcritical plasma. This overlap results
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Characterization of hot electrons generated by laser–plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 E. D. Filippov, M. Khan, A. Tentori, P. Gajdos, A. S. Martynenko, R. Dudzak, P. Koester, G. Zeraouli, D. Mancelli, F. Baffigi, L. A. Gizzi, S. A. Pikuz, Ph.D. Nicolaï, N. C. Woolsey, R. Fedosejevs, M. Krus, L. Juha, D. Batani, O. Renner, G. Cristoforetti
In an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System at laser intensities relevant to shock ignition conditions (I > 1016 W/cm2), the heating and transport of hot electrons were studied by using several complementary diagnostics, i.e., Kα time-resolved imaging, hard x-ray filtering (a bremsstrahlung cannon), and electron spectroscopy. Ablators with differing composition from low Z (parylene
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Simulations of spin/polarization-resolved laser–plasma interactions in the nonlinear QED regime Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Feng Wan, Chong Lv, Kun Xue, Zhen-Ke Dou, Qian Zhao, Mamutjan Ababekri, Wen-Qing Wei, Zhong-Peng Li, Yong-Tao Zhao, Jian-Xing Li
Strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF-QED) plays a crucial role in ultraintense laser–matter interactions and demands sophisticated techniques to understand the related physics with new degrees of freedom, including spin angular momentum. To investigate the impact of SF-QED processes, we have introduced spin/polarization-resolved nonlinear Compton scattering, nonlinear Breit–Wheeler, and vacuum
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Transition from backward to sideward stimulated Raman scattering with broadband lasers in plasmas Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 X. F. Li, S. M. Weng, P. Gibbon, H. H. Ma, S. H. Yew, Z. Liu, Y. Zhao, M. Chen, Z. M. Sheng, J. Zhang
Broadband lasers have been proposed as future drivers of inertial confined fusion (ICF) to enhance the laser–target coupling efficiency via the mitigation of various parametric instabilities. The physical mechanisms involved have been explored recently, but are not yet fully understood. Here, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) as one of the key parametric instabilities is investigated theoretically
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Direct imaging of shock wave splitting in diamond at Mbar pressure Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Sergey Makarov, Sergey Dyachkov, Tatiana Pikuz, Kento Katagiri, Hirotaka Nakamura, Vasily Zhakhovsky, Nail Inogamov, Victor Khokhlov, Artem Martynenko, Bruno Albertazzi, Gabriel Rigon, Paul Mabey, Nicholas J. Hartley, Yuichi Inubushi, Kohei Miyanishi, Keiichi Sueda, Tadashi Togashi, Makina Yabashi, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Takuo Okuchi, Ryosuke Kodama, Sergey Pikuz, Michel Koenig, Norimasa Ozaki
Understanding the behavior of matter at extreme pressures of the order of a megabar (Mbar) is essential to gain insight into various physical phenomena at macroscales—the formation of planets, young stars, and the cores of super-Earths, and at microscales—damage to ceramic materials and high-pressure plastic transformation and phase transitions in solids. Under dynamic compression of solids up to Mbar
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A fresh class of superconducting and hard pentaborides Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Hui Xie, Hong Wang, Fang Qin, Wei Han, Suxin Wang, Youchun Wang, Fubo Tian, Defang Duan
On the basis of the current theoretical understanding of boron-based hard superconductors under ambient conditions, numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of developing superconducting materials with favorable mechanical properties using boron-rich compounds. In this paper, first-principles calculations reveal the existence of an unprecedented family of tetragonal pentaborides MB5 (M = Na
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Quantum splitting of electron peaks in ultra-strong fields Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Bo Zhang, Zhi-Meng Zhang, Wei-Min Zhou
Effects of multiple nonlinear Compton scattering on electrons in ultra-strong fields are described using analytic formulas similar to those in the theory of multiple bremsstrahlung. Based on these analytic formulas, a new pure quantum effect of multiple nonlinear Compton scattering called quantum peak splitting is identified: the electron peak splits into two when the average number of nonlinear Compton
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Discovery of the Baijifeng impact structure in Tonghua, Jilin, China Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Ming Chen, Yang Lu, Jiahao Ning, Wenge Yang, Jinfu Shu, Ho-kwang Mao
An impact structure 1400 m in diameter, formed by a bolide impact, has been discovered on Baijifeng Mountain in Tonghua City in Northeast China’s Jilin province. The impact structure takes the form of a cirque-shaped depression on the top of the mountain and is located in a basement mainly composed of Proterozoic sandstone and Jurassic granite. A large number of rock fragments composed mainly of sandstone
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Laser-driven electrodynamic implosion of fast ions in a thin shell Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 S. Yu. Gus’kov, Ph. Korneev, M. Murakami
Collision of laser-driven subrelativistic high-density ion flows provides a way to create extremely compressed ion conglomerates and study their properties. This paper presents a theoretical study of the electrodynamic implosion of ions inside a hollow spherical or cylindrical shell irradiated by femtosecond petawatt laser pulses. We propose to apply a very effective mechanism for ion acceleration
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Suppressing stimulated Raman side-scattering with vector light Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Xiaobao Jia, Qing Jia, Rui Yan, Jian Zheng
Recent observations of stimulated Raman side-scattering (SRSS) in different laser inertial confinement fusion ignition schemes have revealed that there is an underlying risk of SRSS on ignition. In this paper, we propose a method that uses the nonuniform nature of the polarization of vector light to suppress SRSS, and we give an additional threshold condition determined by the parameters of the vector
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Physical insights from imaginary-time density–density correlation functions Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Tobias Dornheim, Zhandos A. Moldabekov, Panagiotis Tolias, Maximilian Böhme, Jan Vorberger
An accurate theoretical description of the dynamic properties of correlated quantum many-body systems, such as the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω), is important in many fields. Unfortunately, highly accurate quantum Monte Carlo methods are usually restricted to the imaginary time domain, and the analytic continuation of the imaginary-time density–density correlation function F(q, τ) to real frequencies
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Triggering dynamics of acetylene topochemical polymerization Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Xingyu Tang, Xiao Dong, Chunfang Zhang, Kuo Li, Haiyan Zheng, Ho-kwang Mao
Topochemical reactions are a promising method to obtain crystalline polymeric materials with distance-determined regio- or stereoselectivity. It has been concluded on an empirical basis that the closest intermolecular C⋯C distance in crystals of alkynes, d(C⋯C)min, should reach a threshold of ∼3 Å for bonding to occur at room temperature. To understand this empirical threshold, we study here the polymerization
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The effects of incident light wavelength difference on the collective stimulated Brillouin scattering in plasmas Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Qiang Wang, Zhichao Li, Zhanjun Liu, Tao Gong, Wenshuai Zhang, Tao Xu, Bin Li, Ping Li, Xin Li, Chunyang Zheng, Lihua Cao, Xincheng Liu, Kaiqiang Pan, Hang Zhao, Yonggang Liu, Bo Deng, Lifei Hou, Yingjie Li, Xiangming Liu, Yulong Li, Xiaoshi Peng, Zanyang Guan, Qiangqiang Wang, Xingsen Che, Sanwei Li, Qiang Yin, Wei Zhang, Liqiong Xia, Peng Wang, Xiaohua Jiang, Liang Guo, Qi Li, Minqing He, Liang Hao
The first laser–plasma interaction experiment using lasers of eight beams grouped into one octad has been conducted on the Shenguang Octopus facility. Although each beam intensity is below its individual threshold for stimulated Brillouin backscattering (SBS), collective behaviors are excited to enhance the octad SBS. In particular, when two-color/cone lasers with wavelength separation 0.3 nm are used
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The near-room-temperature upsurge of electrical resistivity in Lu-H-N is not superconductivity, but a metal-to-poor-conductor transition Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Di Peng, Qiaoshi Zeng, Fujun Lan, Zhenfang Xing, Yang Ding, Ho-kwang Mao
The recent report of superconductivity in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride (Lu-H-N) at 294 K and 1 GPa brought hope for long-sought-after ambient-condition superconductors. However, the failure of scientists worldwide to independently reproduce these results has cast intense skepticism on this exciting claim. In this work, using a reliable experimental protocol, we synthesized Lu-H-N while minimizing
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Induction heating for desorption of surface contamination for high-repetition laser-driven carbon-ion acceleration Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Sadaoki Kojima, Tatsuhiko Miyatake, Hironao Sakaki, Hiroyoshi Kuroki, Yusuke Shimizu, Hisanori Harada, Norihiro Inoue, Thanh Hung Dinh, Masayasu Hata, Noboru Hasegawa, Michiaki Mori, Masahiko Ishino, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Kotaro Kondo, Masaharu Nishikino, Masaki Kando, Toshiyuki Shirai, Kiminori Kondo
This study reports the first experimental demonstration of surface contamination cleaning from a high-repetition supply of thin-tape targets for laser-driven carbon-ion acceleration. The adsorption of contaminants containing protons, mainly water vapor and hydrocarbons, on the surface of materials exposed to low vacuum (>10−3 Pa) suppresses carbon-ion acceleration. The newly developed contamination
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Controlled transition to different proton acceleration regimes: Near-critical-density plasmas driven by circularly polarized few-cycle pulses Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Shivani Choudhary De Marco, Sudipta Mondal, Daniele Margarone, Subhendu Kahaly
A controlled transition between two different ion acceleration mechanisms would pave the way to achieving different ion energies and spectral features within the same experimental set up, depending on the region of operation. Based on numerical simulations conducted over a wide range of experimentally achievable parameter space, reported here is a comprehensive investigation of the different facets
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Methods of controlled formation of instabilities during the electrical explosion of thin foils Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 T. A. Shelkovenko, I. N. Tilikin, A. V. Oginov, A. R. Mingaleev, V. M. Romanova, S. A. Pikuz
The results of a study of the electrical explosion of aluminum foils with an artificial periodic surface structure created by laser engraving are presented. Experiments were carried out on pulsed high-current generators BIN (270 kA, 300 kV, 100 ns) and KING (200 kA, 40 kV, 200 ns) with Al foil of thicknesses 16 and 4 μm, respectively. Images of the exploded foils were recorded by point projection radiography
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The role of charge-exchange processes in probing hydrogen plasma with a heavy ion beam Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Inga Yu Tolstikhina, V. P. Shevelko
Charge-changing processes of low-charged ions, used in hydrogen plasma probing by the heavy ion beam probe method, are considered. Along with the ionization of beam ions by plasma electrons and protons, the charge-exchange processes of ions on H atoms and protons are also studied. It is shown that charge exchange of beam ions on plasma protons and H atoms, which is rarely taken into account, plays
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A multi-material diagnosis method based on high-energy proton radiography Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Feng Chen, Haibo Xu, Junhui Shi, Xinge Li, Na Zheng
Diagnosis of fluids is extremely significant at high temperatures and high pressures. As an advanced imaging technique, high-energy proton radiography has great potential for application to the diagnosis of high-density fluids. In high-energy proton radiography, an angular collimator can control the proton flux and thus enable material diagnosis and reconstruction of density. In this paper, we propose
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Demonstration of multi-pass amplification of 46.9 nm laser pumped by capillary discharge Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Dongdi Zhao, Yongpeng Zhao, Bo An, Jiaqi Li, Huaiyu Cui
Using a plane–plane resonator composed of silicon carbide mirrors, we achieve for the first time multi-pass amplification of a 46.9 nm laser pumped by capillary discharge. In terms of the temporal characteristics, for an initial argon pressure of 17 Pa, triple-pass amplification of the laser is obtained at a delay time between the pre-pulse and the main pulse currents of 40 µs, and quadruple-pass amplification
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No evidence of superconductivity in a compressed sample prepared from lutetium foil and H2/N2 gas mixture Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Shu Cai, Jing Guo, Haiyun Shu, Liuxiang Yang, Pengyu Wang, Yazhou Zhou, Jinyu Zhao, Jinyu Han, Qi Wu, Wenge Yang, Tao Xiang, Ho-kwang Mao, Liling Sun
A material described as lutetium–hydrogen–nitrogen (Lu-H-N in short) was recently claimed to have “near-ambient superconductivity” [Dasenbrock-Gammon et al., Nature 615, 244–250 (2023)]. If this result could be reproduced by other teams, it would be a major scientific breakthrough. Here, we report our results of transport and structure measurements on a material prepared using the same method as reported
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Intense widely controlled terahertz radiation from laser-driven wires Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 N. Bukharskii, Ph. Korneev
Irradiation of a thin metallic wire with an intense femtosecond laser pulse creates a strong discharge wave that travels as a narrow pulse along the wire surface. This traveling discharge efficiently emits secondary radiation with spectral characteristics that are mostly defined by the wire geometry. Several examples of designs are considered here in the context of generation of intense terahertz radiation
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Shock standards Cu, Ag, Ir, and Pt in a wide pressure range Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Leonid Burakovsky, Dean L. Preston, Scott D. Ramsey, Charles E. Starrett, Roy S. Baty
Although they are polymorphic (multiphase) materials, both copper and silver are reliable Hugoniot standards, and thus it is necessary to establish an accurate analytic model of their principal Hugoniots. Here we present analytic forms of their principal Hugoniots, as well as those of iridium and platinum, two “pusher” standards for shock-ramp experiments, over a wide range of pressures. They are based
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Observation of plasma dynamics in a theta pinch by a novel method Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Zhao Wang, Rui Cheng, Guodong Wang, Xuejian Jin, Yong Tang, Yanhong Chen, Zexian Zhou, Lulin Shi, Yuyu Wang, Yu Lei, Xiaoxia Wu, Jie Yang
A novel experimental method is proposed for observing plasma dynamics subjected to magnetic fields based on a newly developed cylindrical theta-pinch device. By measuring simultaneously the temporal profiles of multiple parameters including the drive current, luminosity, plasma density, and plasma temperature, it provides a basis for observing the plasma dynamics of the theta pinch, such as shock transport
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First-principles study on the conventional superconductivity of N-doped fcc-LuH3 Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Zihao Huo, Defang Duan, Tiancheng Ma, Zihan Zhang, Qiwen Jiang, Decheng An, Hao Song, Fubo Tian, Tian Cui
Recently, room-temperature superconductivity has been reported in a nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride at near-ambient pressure [Dasenbrock-Gammon et al., Nature 615, 244 (2023)]. The superconducting properties might arise from Fm3̄m-LuH3−δNε. Here, we systematically study the phase diagram of Lu–N–H at 1 GPa using first-principles calculations, and we do not find any thermodynamically stable ternary
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Cerium-promoted conversion of dinitrogen into high-energy-density material CeN6 under moderate pressure Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Yuanyuan Wang, Zhihui Li, Shifeng Niu, Wencai Yi, Shuang Liu, Zhen Yao, Bingbing Liu
Synthesis pressure and structural stability are two crucial factors for highly energetic materials, and recent investigations have indicated that cerium is an efficient catalyst for N2 reduction reactions. Here, we systematically explore Ce–N compounds through first-principles calculations, demonstrating that the cerium atom can weaken the strength of the N≡N bond and that a rich variety of cerium
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Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering by angularly incoherent light, towards a laser system of incoherence in all dimensions of time, space, and angle Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Yi Guo, Xiaomei Zhang, Dirui Xu, Xinju Guo, Baifei Shen, Ke Lan
Laser–plasma instability (LPI) is one of the main obstacles to achieving predictable and reproducible fusion at high gain through laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In this paper, for the first time, we show analytically and confirm with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that angular incoherence provides suppression of the instability growth rate that is additional to and
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Effects of electron heating and surface rippling on Rayleigh–Taylor instability in radiation pressure acceleration Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-14 X. Z. Wu, Y. R. Shou, Z. B. Guo, H. G. Lu, J. X. Liu, D. Wu, Z. Gong, X. Q. Yan
The acceleration of ultrathin targets driven by intense laser pulses induces Rayleigh–Taylor-like instability. Apart from laser and target configurations, we find that electron heating and surface rippling, effects inherent to the interaction process, have an important role in instability evolution and growth. By employing a simple analytical model and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations,
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Hybrid PIC–fluid simulations for fast electron transport in a silicon target Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 X. H. Yang, Z. H. Chen, H. Xu, Y. Y. Ma, G. B. Zhang, D. B. Zou, F. Q. Shao
Ultra-intense laser-driven fast electron beam propagation in a silicon target is studied by three-dimensional hybrid particle-in-cell–fluid simulations. It is found that the transverse spatial profile of the fast electron beam has a significant influence on the propagation of the fast electrons. In the case of a steep spatial profile (e.g., a super-Gaussian profile), a tight fast electron beam is produced
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Laser peeler regime of high-harmonic generation for diagnostics of high-power focused laser pulses Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 S. E. Perevalov, A. M. Pukhov, M. V. Starodubtsev, A. A. Soloviev
A method for measuring the intensity of focused high-power laser pulses based on numerical simulation of high-harmonic generation in the laser peeler regime is proposed. The dependence of the efficiency of high-harmonic generation on the laser pulse intensity and the spatial parameters during interaction with solid targets is studied numerically. The simulation clearly shows that the amplitude of the
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Diagnosis of ultrafast ultraintense laser pulse characteristics by machine-learning-assisted electron spin Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Zhi-Wei Lu, Xin-Di Hou, Feng Wan, Yousef I. Salamin, Chong Lv, Bo Zhang, Fei Wang, Zhong-Feng Xu, Jian-Xing Li
The rapid development of ultrafast ultraintense laser technology continues to create opportunities for studying strong-field physics under extreme conditions. However, accurate determination of the spatial and temporal characteristics of a laser pulse is still a great challenge, especially when laser powers higher than hundreds of terawatts are involved. In this paper, by utilizing the radiative spin-flip
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Estimation of plasma parameters of X-pinch with time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy Matter Radiat. Extreme. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-16 Seunggi Ham, Jonghyeon Ryu, Hakmin Lee, Sungbin Park, Y.-C. Ghim, Y. S. Hwang, Kyoung-Jae Chung
We estimate the parameters of a Cu plasma generated by an X-pinch by comparing experimentally measured x-rays with synthetic data. A filtered absolute extreme ultraviolet diode array is used to measure time-resolved x-ray spectra with a spectral resolution of ∼1 keV in the energy range of 1–10 keV. The synthetic spectra of Cu plasmas with different electron temperatures, electron densities, and fast