AbstractIsotope shift of atomic spectra is considered as a probe of new interaction between electrons and neutrons in atoms. We employ the method of seeking a breakdown of King’s linearity in the isotope shifts of two atomic transitions. In the present work, we evaluate the magnitudes of the nonlinearity using relativistic wave functions and the result is compared with that of nonrelativistic wave

AbstractIn this article we discuss a construction of non-SUSY type II string vacua with the vanishing cosmological constant at the one-loop level based on the generic Gepner models for Calabi–Yau 3-folds. We make an orbifolding of the Gepner models by $\Bbb Z_2 \times \Bbb Z_4$, which asymmetrically acts with some discrete torsions incorporated. We demonstrate that the obtained type II string vacua

AbstractWe have designed, developed, and deployed a distributed sensor network to observe high-energy ionizing radiation, primarily gamma rays, from winter thunderclouds and lightning in coastal areas of Japan. Starting in 2015, we have installed a total of more than 15 ground-based detector systems in Ishikawa Prefecture and Niigata Prefecture, and accumulated 551 days of observation time in four

Observed well-developed |$\alpha$| cluster states in |$^{16}$|O located above the four-|$\alpha$| threshold are investigated from the viewpoint of Bose–Einstein condensation of |$\alpha$| clusters by using a field-theoretical superfluid cluster model in which the order parameter is defined. The experimental energy levels are reproduced well for the first time by calculation. In particular, the observed

An attempt has been made to carry out a detailed analysis of quark mass matrices having structure beyond the minimal texture. In particular, keeping in mind precision measurements of Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa parameters as well as refinements in the ranges of light quark masses, we have examined the viability of all possible combinations of Hermitian texture 5 zero quark mass matrices. Interestingly

We have measured the differential cross-sections and analyzing powers for (⁠|$p,2p$|⁠) reactions at an incident energy of 392 MeV on |$^{12}$|C, |$^{16}$|O, |$^{40}$|Ca, and |$^{208}$|Pb nuclei, leading to discrete states of the residual nuclei. The data are compared with two kinds of distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculations, a standard calculation using a global optical potential and

A one-dimensional cluster model with next-nearest-neighbor interactions and two additional composite interactions is solved; the free energy is obtained and a correlation function is derived exactly. The model is diagonalized by a transformation obtained automatically from its interactions, which is an algebraic generalization of the Jordan-Wigner transformation. The gapless condition is expressed

Anti-PT symmetry, (PT)H = –H(PT), is plausible variant of the PT symmetry. A particular interest is the situation when all eigenstates of anti-PT symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H are also eigenstates of PT operator, then the quasi energies are purely imaginary which implies that the Hermitian conjugate H+ = –H and thus they are connected via the relation (PT)H = H+PT similar to quasi-Hermiticity

We apply a machine learning technique for identifying the topological charge of quantum gauge configurations in four-dimensional SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. The topological charge density measured on the original and smoothed gauge configurations with and without dimensional reduction is used for inputs of the neural networks (NN) with and without convolutional layers. The gradient flow is used for the

The emission of muonium (μ+e– ) atoms into vacuum from silica aerogel with laser ablation on its surface was studied with various ablation structures at room temperature using the subsurface muon beams at TRIUMF and Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Laser ablation was applied to produce holes or grooves with typical dimensions of a few hundred μm to a few mm, except for some extreme

The idea of a hermetic quartz chamber in a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) has the potential to improve the detector sensitivity for direct dark matter searches in the future. A major challenge facing TPC detectors in future dark matter experiments will be the reduction of the internal background such as 222Rn and the deterioration of the ionization signal due to electronegative impurities

We investigate the inflationary expansion of the universe induced by higher curvature corrections in M-theory. The inflationary evolution of the geometry is discussed in ref. [1], thus we succeed to analyse metric perturbations around the background. Especially we focus on scalar perturbations and analyse linearized equations of motion for the scalar perturbations. By solving these equations explicitly

Non-Gaussianities of primordial perturbations in the soft limit provide the important information about the light degrees of freedom during inflation. The soft modes of the curvature perturbations, unobservable for a local observer, act as rescaling the spatial coordinates. We determine how the trispectrum in the collapsed limit is shifted by the rescaling due to the soft modes. We find the form of

Chemical extraction using a molecular recognition resin named “Empore Radium Rad Disk” was developed to improve sensitivity for the low concentration of radium (Ra). Compared with the previous method, the extraction process speed was improved by a factor of three and the recovery rate for |$^{226}$|Ra was also improved from |$81\pm4\%$| to |$>99.9\%$|⁠. The sensitivity on the |$10^{-1}$| mBq level

The contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment from the fermion triangle loop diagrams connected to the muon line by a photon and a |$Z$| boson is re-analyzed in both the unitary gauge and the ’t Hooft–Feynman gauge. With use of the anomalous axial-vector Ward identity, it is shown that the calculation in the unitary gauge exactly coincides with the one in the ’t Hooft–Feynman gauge. The part

We define a proper effective temperature for relativistic nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs). A conventional effective temperature of NESSs is defined from the ratio of the fluctuation to the dissipation. However, NESSs have relative velocities to the heat bath in general, and hence the conventional effective temperature can be frame-dependent in relativistic systems. The proper effective temperature

Gravity theory based on current algebra is formulated. The gauge principle rather than general covariance combined with the equivalence principle plays a pivotal role in the formalism, and the latter principles are derived as a consequence of the theory. In this approach, it turns out that gauging the Poincaré algebra is not appropriate but gauging the |$SO(N,M)$| algebra gives a consistent theory

Using the hydrodynamical formalism of quantum mechanics for a Schrödinger spinning particle developed by Takabayashi, Vigier, and followers, which involves vortical flows, we propose a new geometrical interpretation of the pilot wave theory. The spinor wave in this interpretation represents an objectively real field, and the evolution of a material particle controlled by the wave is a manifestation

We study the time evolution of lepton family number for a neutrino that forms an SU(2) doublet with a charged lepton. The lepton family number is defined through a weak basis of the SU(2) doublet in which the charged lepton mass matrix is a real and diagonal one. The lepton family number carried by the neutrino is defined with a left-handed current of the neutrino family. We study the time evolution

In this paper, we review our non-Bloch band theory in one-dimensional non-Hermitian tight-binding systems. In our theory, it is shown that in non-Hermitian systems, the Brillouin zone is determined so as to reproduce continuum energy bands in a large open chain. By using simple models, we explain the concept of the non-Bloch band theory and the method to calculate the Brillouin zone. In particular

The complex scaling method (CSM) is one of the most powerful methods of describing the resonances with complex energy eigenstates based on non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. We present the basic application of CSM to the properties of the unbound phenomena of light nuclei. In particular, we focus on many-body resonant and non-resonant continuum states observed in unstable nuclei. We also investigate

We report our realization of a parity–time (PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian many-body system using cold atoms with dissipation. After developing a theoretical framework on PT-symmetric many-body systems using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice with controlled dissipation, we describe our experimental setup utilizing one-body atom loss as dissipation with special emphasis on calibration of important

Bulk–boundary correspondence is the cornerstone of topological physics. In some non-Hermitian topological systems this fundamental relation is broken in the sense that the topological number calculated for the Bloch energy band under the periodic boundary condition fails to reproduce the boundary properties under the open boundary. To restore the bulk–boundary correspondence in such non-Hermitian systems

We present a model that gives a natural explanation to the charged lepton mass hierarchy and study the contributions to the electron and the muon |$g-2$|⁠. In the model, we introduce lepton-flavor-dependent |$U(1)_F$| symmetry and three additional Higgs doublets with |$U(1)_F$| charges, to realize that each generation of charged leptons couples to one of the three additional Higgs doublets. The |$U(1)_F$|

We re-examine the weak basis invariants at low energies proposed by C. Jarlskog and Branco et al. in their earlier analyses, after confronting them with the assumptions of two zeros and an equality between arbitrary non-zero elements in the Majorana neutrino mass matrix in the flavored basis. This particular conjecture is found to be experimentally feasible, as shown by S. Dev and D. Raj in their recent

Employing an all-to-all quark propagator technique, we investigate kaon–nucleon interactions in lattice QCD. We calculate the S-wave kaon–nucleon potentials at the leading order in the derivative expansion in the time-dependent HAL QCD method, using (2+1)-flavor gauge configurations on |$32^3 \times 64$| lattices with lattice spacing |$a \approx 0.09$| fm and pion mass |$m_{\pi} \approx 570$| MeV.

We have measured, for the first time, the inclusive missing-mass spectrum of the 12C(K-, p) reaction at the incident kaon momentum of 1.8 GeV/c at the J-PARC K1.8 beamline. We observed a prominent quasi-elastic peak (K-p → K-p) in this spectrum. In the quasi-elastic peak region, the effect of secondary interaction is apparently observed as a peak shift, and the peak exhibits a tail in the bound region

We have investigated the status of the nuclear debris in the Unit-2 Nuclear Reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power plant by the method called Cosmic Muon Radiography. In this measurement, the muon detector was placed outside of the reactor building as was the case of the measurement for the Unit-1 Reactor. Compared to the previous measurements, the detector was down-sized, which made us possible

In this paper, we study the quantum corrected thermodynamics of a class of black holes generated by self-gravitating Skyrmion models. One such black hole solution is Einstein-Skrymion black hole. We first compute the ADM mass of Einstein-Skyrmion black hole using on-shell Hamiltonian formalism present already in the literature. We then consider non-extended phase space thermodynamics and derive expressions

We study three dimensional N = 2 supersymmetric Chern-Simons-Matter theories on the direct product of a circle and a two dimensional hemisphere (S1 × D2) with specified boundary conditions by the method of localization. We construct boundary interactions to cancel the supersymmetric variation of the three dimensional superpotential term and the Chern-Simons term and show inflows of the bulk-boundary

Masses and radii of neutron stars are obtained in the presence of strong magnetic fields together with rotation. Mass-radius relations are calculated using eleven EoSs (GM1, TM1-a, TM1-b, TM2ωρ-a, TM2ωρ-b, NL3-a, NL3-b, NL3ωρ-a, NL3ωρ-b, DDME2-a and DDME2-b) in relativistic mean field (RMF) theory. Obtained masses are over and around twice the solar mass (M⊙) for all EoSs in the presence of strong

We present additional observations to previous studies on the infrared (IR) renormalon in |$SU(N)$| QCD(adj.), the |$SU(N)$| gauge theory with |$n_W$|-flavor adjoint Weyl fermions on |$\mathbb{R}^3\times S^1$| with the |$\mathbb{Z}_N$| twisted boundary condition. First, we show that, for arbitrary finite |$N$|⁠, a logarithmic factor in the vacuum polarization of the “photon” (the gauge boson associated

The ratio of the partial widths of some dimension-5 proton decay modes can be predicted without detailed knowledge of supersymmetric (SUSY) particle masses, and this allows us to experimentally test various SUSY grand unified theory (GUT) models without discovering SUSY particles. In this paper, we study the ratio of the partial widths of the |$p\to K^0\mu^+$| and |$p\to K^+\bar{\nu}_\mu$| decays in

The triple-alpha reaction is key to |$^{12}$|C production and is expected to occur in weakly coupled thermal plasmas as encountered in normal stars. We investigate how Coulomb screening affects the structure of a system of three alpha particles in such a plasma environment by precise three-body calculations within the Debye–Hückel approximation. A three-alpha model that has the Coulomb interaction

To recognize sub-micron range low energy tracks recorded in a super fine grained nuclear emulsion (Nano Imaging Tracker), an elliptical fitting method was devised to analyze anisotropic images taken by an optical microscope. In this paper, we will report on this newly developed method using discrete Fourier transform and second-order moment analysis of the brightness distribution. We succeeded in lowering

We study the properties of the loosely trapped surface (LTS) and the dynamically transversely trapping surface (DTTS) in Einstein-Maxwell systems. These concepts of surfaces were proposed by the four of the present authors in order to characterize strong gravity regions. We prove the Penrose-like inequalities for the area of LTSs/DTTSs. Interestingly, although the naively expected upper bound for the

We study the quantum Ising chain with boundary dephasing. By doubling the Hilbert space, the model is mapped to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with imaginary chemical potential at the edges. We show analytically and numerically that the Liouvillian gap, i.e., the inverse relaxation time of the model, scales with the system size N as N-3

The Aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov (ARICH) counter serves as a particle identification device in the forward end-cap region of the Belle II spectrometer. It is capable of identifying pions and kaons with momenta up to |$4\>$|GeV|$\>$|c|$^{-1}$| by detecting Cherenkov photons emitted in the silica aerogel radiator. After the detector alignment and calibration of the probability density function, we

We perform an independent search for sinusoidal-based modulation in the recently released ANAIS-112 data, which could be induced by dark matter scatterings. We then evaluate this hypothesis against the null hypothesis that the data contain only background, using four different model comparison techniques. These include frequentist, Bayesian, and two information theory-based criteria (Akaike and Bayesian

Parity-violating (PV) gravity has recently attracted interest in several aspects. One of them is the axion–graviton coupling to test the axion–dark matter model. Moreover, by extending Chern–Simons (CS) gravity to include derivatives of a scalar field up to the second order, a more general class of PV gravity theory, which we call the CNCL model, has been proposed [M. Crisostomi et al., Phys. Rev.

We develop a strategy to determine the cosmic birefringence and miscalibrated polarization angles simultaneously using the observed EB polarization power spectra of the cosmic microwave background and the Galactic foreground emission. We extend the methodology of Y. Minami et al. (Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2019, 083E02, 2019), which was developed for auto frequency power spectra, by including cross frequency

We present evidence that recent numerical results from the reduced classical equations of the Lorentzian IIB matrix model can be interpreted as corresponding to the emergence of an expanding universe. In addition, we propose an effective metric to describe the emerging (3+1)-dimensional spacetime. This metric gives, at all times, finite values for the Ricci and Kretschmann curvature scalars. With these

We compute an s-channel 2 → 2 scalar scattering φ φ → Φ → φ φ in the Gaussian wave-packet formalism at the tree-level. We find that wave-packet effects, including shifts of the pole and width of the propagator of Φ, persist even when we do not take into account the time-boundary effect for 2 → 2, proposed earlier. The result can be interpreted that a heavy scalar 1 → 2 decay Φ → φ φ, taking into account

We analytically study the properties of the electromagnetic field in vacuum around close binary compact stars containing at least one neutron star. We show that the orbital motion of the neutron star induces high multipole modes of the electromagnetic field just before the merger. These modes are superimposed to form a spiral arm configuration and its edge is found to be a likely site for magnetic

KAGRA is a newly built gravitational-wave telescope, a laser interferometer comprising arms with a length of 3 km, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. KAGRA was constructed under the ground and it is operated using cryogenic mirrors that help in reducing the seismic and thermal noise. Both technologies are expected to provide directions for the future of gravitational-wave telescopes. In 2019, KAGRA finished

LISA is a space gravitational-wave mission that will open the unexplored gravitational-wave frequency window at around milli Hertz, shedding light to the studies on super-massive black holes and the nature of gravity. The LISA project has been propelled by international collaboration in order to maximize the scientific outcome. With the aim of making scientifically important contributions to LISA,

A dynamical aspect of quantum gravity on de Sitter spacetime is investigated by holography or the dS/CFT correspondence. We show that de Sitter spacetime emerges from a free Sp(N) vector model by complexifying the ghost fields and flowing them in parallel to the imaginary axis. We confirm that the emergence of de Sitter spacetime is ensured by conformal symmetry. We also compute the quantum corrections

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons

KAGRA is a newly build GW observatory, a laser interferometer with 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. In this paper in the series of KAGRA-featured articles, we discuss the science targets of KAGRA projects, considering not only the baseline KAGRA (current design) but also its future upgrade candidates (KAGRA+) for the near to middle term (~5 years).

The radioactive noble gas radon-222 (222Rn, or Rn) produced in the uranium series is a crucial background source in many underground experiments. We have estimated the adsorption property of Rn with Activated Carbon Fibers (ACFs) in air (Air), argon (Ar), and xenon (Xe) gas. In this study, we evaluated six ACFs, named A-7, A-10, A-15, A-20, A-25, and S-25, provided from UNITIKA Ltd. We measured intrinsic

TianQin is a planned space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory consisting of three earth orbiting satellites with an orbital radius of about 105 km. The satellites will form a equilateral triangle constellation the plane of which is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. TianQin aims to detect GWs between 10-4 Hz and 1 Hz that can be generated by a wide variety of important astrophysical

We discuss physics of the three neutrino flavor transformation with non-unitary mixing matrix, with particular attention to the correlation between the νSM- and the α parameters which represent effect of unitarity violating (UV) new physics. Toward the goal, a new perturbative framework is created to illuminate the effect of non-unitarity in region of the solar-scale enhanced oscillations. We refute

A novel method of variation after |$K$|-projection is proposed to study dipole excitations in the framework of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics with the |$\beta$|-constraint. The method is applied to |$^{10}$|Be and |$^{16}$|O to describe low-energy dipole excitations. In the application to |${}^{10}\textrm{Be}$|⁠, two dipole states in the low-energy region are obtained. For |${}^{16}\textrm{O}$|⁠

We study, using the classical density functional theory (DFT), the fragility and short-time elastic constants of a soft-sphere liquid. For the amorphous state, the order parameter is the inhomogeneous density function |$\rho({\bf r})$| which is described in terms of Gaussian density profiles centered on a set random lattice points |$\{{\bf R}_i\}$|⁠. The latter is characterized in terms of the Bernel

The expansions of tree-level scattering amplitudes for one theory into amplitudes for another theory, which have been studied in recent work, exhibit hidden connections between different theories that are invisible in the traditional Lagrangian formulism of quantum field theory. In this paper, the general expansion of tree Einstein–Maxwell amplitudes into the Kleiss–Kuijf basis of tree Yang–Mills amplitudes

We investigate charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) processes in the “neutrinophilic Higgs + seesaw model”, in which right-handed neutrinos couple only with an extra Higgs field which develops a tiny vacuum expectation value and the right-handed neutrinos also have Majorana mass. The model realizes a seesaw mechanism around TeV scale without extremely small Dirac Yukawa couplings. A phenomenological

Motivated by the investigation of a black hole’s properties in the lab, some interesting subjects such as analogue gravity and transformation optics are generated. In this paper, we look for analogies between the geometry of a gravitating system and the optical medium. In addition, we recognize that appropriate two-dimensional metamaterials can be used to mimic the propagation of light in the curved

Quantum electrodynamics predicts X-ray diffractions under a high-intensity laser field via virtual charged particles, and this phenomenon is called vacuum diffraction (VD). In this paper, we derive a new formula to describe VD in a head-on collision geometry of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulse and a laser pulse. The wavefront curvature of the XFEL pulse is newly considered in this formula

The DC Josephson effect is the flow of supercurrent across a weak link between two superconductors with different values of their order parameters, the phase. We formulate this notion for any kind of spontaneous continuous symmetry breaking. The quantity that flows between the two systems is the zero-wavenumber Noether current associated with the broken symmetry. The AC Josephson effect is the oscillation

In the numerical analyses of the magnetic vortex with finite length, the boundary conditions are not properly imposed. In addition to Eqs. (4.7) and (4.8) in the original manuscript, the following condition has to be imposed [1–3]: