We propose here - for the first time in the literature, to our best knowledge - an electroweak unification based on the SU(5)L × U(1)Y gauge group. The spontaneous symmetry breaking takes place in the manner SU(5)L × U(1)Y → U(1)em, due to a particular Higgs sector consisting of five scalar quintuplets. Each scalar quintuplet acquires its own vacuum expectation value, by means of a proper parametrization

In our original paper, Figs. 1 and 2 are incorrect due to a mistake in the numerical code and should be replaced by the following ones. We would like to thank Mizuki Tanaka and Masakiyo Kitazawa for pointing this out to us.

AbstractWe reexamine the Israel-type proof of the uniqueness theorem of the static spacetime outside the photon surface in the Einstein-conformal scalar system. We derive in a systematic fashion a new divergence identity which plays a key role in the proof. Our divergence identity includes three parameters, allowing us to give a new proof of the uniqueness.

We searched for the |$\alpha$| condensed state in |$^{13}$|C by measuring the |$\alpha$| inelastic scattering at |$E_\alpha = 388$| MeV at forward angles including 0|$^\circ$|⁠. We performed a distorted-wave Born approximation calculation with the single-folding potential and multipole decomposition analysis to determine the isoscalar transition strengths in |$^{13}$|C. We found a bump structure around

AbstractWe reconstruct a complete type II superstring field theory with $L_\infty$ structure in a symmetric way concerning the left- and right-moving sectors. Based on the new construction, we show again that the tree-level S-matrix agrees with that obtained using the first-quantization method. Not only is this a simple and elegant reconstruction, but it also enables the action to be mapped to that

AbstractWe study the thermal evolution of isolated neutron stars in scalar–tensor theories for the first time. Whether rapid cooling due to the direct Urca process occurs or not is an interesting question from the viewpoint of the temperature observation of isolated neutron stars. Moreover, investigation of the cooling effect of nucleon superfluidity also has large uncertainties, though it is important

Motivated by recent studies of quantum computational complexity in quantum field theory and holography, we discuss how weighting certain classes of gates building up a quantum circuit more heavily than others affects the complexity. Utilizing Nielsen’s geometric approach to circuit complexity, we investigate the effects for a regulated field theory for which the optimal circuit is a representation

In this paper, we discuss the UV sensitivity of the Higgs effective potential in a Gauge--Higgs Unification (GHU) model. We consider an |$SU(\mathcal N)$| GHU on |$\mathbf M^4\times S^1$| spacetime with a massless Dirac fermion. In this model, we evaluate the four-Fermi diagrams at the two-loop level and find them to be logarithmically divergent in the dimensional regularization scheme. Moreover, we

In recent cosmology, the Hubble constant problem has attracted much attention. As a possible solution to the problem, the local variation of the expansion rate in an inhomogeneous cosmology has been proposed where the spatial averaging over a finite domain was introduced in order to construct local Friedmann spacetime. However the treatment was restricted in comoving synchronous gauge ad there is some

AbstractThe correspondence between the isoscalar monopole (IS0) transition strengths and α inelastic cross sections, the B(IS0)-(α,α′) correspondence, is investigated for 24Mg(α,α′) at 130 and 386 MeV. We adopt a microscopic coupled-channel reaction framework to link structural inputs, diagonal and transition densities, for 24Mg obtained with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics to the (α,α′) cross sections

AbstractThe balanced homodyne detection as a readout scheme of gravitational-wave detectors is carefully examined from the quantum field theoretical point of view. The readout scheme in gravitational-wave detectors specifies the directly measured quantum operator in the detection. This specification is necessary when we apply the recently developed quantum measurement theory to gravitational-wave detections

We show that the color N dependent area law falloffs of the double-winding Wilson loop averages for the SU(N) lattice gauge theory obtained in the preceding works are reproduced from the corresponding lattice Abelian gauge theory with the center gauge group ZN. This result indicates the center group dominance in quark confinement.

The energy conditions are studied, in the relativistic astrophysical setting, for higher dimensional Hawking-Ellis Type I and Type II matter fields. The null, weak, dominant and strong energy conditions are investigated for a higher dimensional inhomogeneous, composite fluid distribution consisting of anisotropy, shear stresses, nonvanishing viscosity as well as a null dust and null string energy density

The Ξ single-particle potential obtained in nuclear matter with the next-to-leading order baryon-baryon interactions in chiral effective field theory is applied to finite nuclei by an improved local-density approximation method. As a premise, phase shifts of ΞN elastic scattering and the results of Faddeev calculations for the ΞNN bound state problem are presented to show the properties of the ΞN interactions

Realization of topological superconductors (TSCs) hosting Majorana fermions is an exciting challenge in materials science. Majorana fermions are predicted to emerge at vortex cores of two-dimensional (2D) TSCs and at both ends of one-dimensional (1D) TSCs; these two types of TSCs have been explored independently in different materials. Here, a system which has a potential to access both 1D and 2D TSCs

Sticking of a negative muon to an α particle to form a μHe+ ion limits the number of chain reactions in muon catalyzed fusion(MuCF), making the scientific break-even in MuCF difficult. The reduction in the sticking probability by boosting the negative muon stripping using resonance rf acceleration of μHe+ ions has been examined with multi-particle tracking simulations. It was found that the stripping

In this article, we review a recipe to produce a lattice construction of fermionic phases of matter in the presence of the time reversal symmetry, by extending the fermionization and bosonization known in (1 + 1) dimensions to various setups including higher spacetime dimensions in the presence of global symmetries. As an application, we provide a state sum lattice path integral for (1 + 1)-dimensional

In this paper, we explore possibilities of resolving the Hubble tension and (g - 2)μ anomaly simultaneously in a U(1)Lμ-Lτ model with Majoron. We only focus on a case where the Majoron ϕ does not exist at the beginning of the universe and is created by neutrino inverse decay νν → ϕ after electron-positron annihilation. In this case, contributions of the new gauge boson Z′ and Majoron ϕ to the effective

We propose a correspondence between vertex operator superalgebras and families of sigma models in which the two structures are related by symmetry properties and a certain reflection procedure. The existence of such a correspondence is motivated by previous work on |${\cal N}=(4,4)$| supersymmetric non-linear sigma models on K3 surfaces, and on a vertex operator superalgebra with Conway group symmetry

AbstractIn an effort to find an effective interaction that can consistently be used for both the mean-field part and the residual part in beyond-mean-field theories, the properties of the Skyrme interactions as a residual interaction are investigated. The time-dependent density-matrix theory (TDDM) is used as a beyond-mean-field theory and the ground states of $^{16}$O and $^{40}$Ca are calculated

AbstractThe Electron-Tracking Compton Camera (ETCC), which is a complete Compton camera that tracks Compton scattering electrons with a gas micro time projection chamber, is expected to open up MeV gamma-ray astronomy. The technical challenge for achieving several degrees of the point-spread function is precise determination of the electron recoil direction and the scattering position from track images

AbstractWe have built a renormalizable $U(1)_X$ model with a $\Sigma (18)\times Z_4$ symmetry, whose spontaneous breaking yields the observed standard model (SM) fermion masses and fermionic mixing parameters. The tiny masses of the light active neutrinos are produced by the type I seesaw mechanism mediated by very heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos. To the best of our knowledge, this model is the

This special section is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Tohru Eguchi. Professor Eguchi passed away on 30 January 2019. His early passing before finishing his term as Editor-in-Chief of PTEP was a great loss not only for PTEP, but also much more so for researchers working in the various fields where he made a lasting mark with his many contributions. The Editorial Board of PTEP decided

AbstractOne-loop W boson contributions to the decay H → Zγ in the general Rξ gauge are presented. The analytical results are expressed in terms of well-known Passarino-Veltman functions which their numerical evaluations can be generated using LoopTools. In the limit d → 4, we have shown that these analytical results are independent of the unphysical parameter ξ and consistent with previous results

We study in detail the evaluation of the gauge invariant overlap for analytic solutions constructed out of elements in the KBc algebra in open string field theory. We compute this gauge invariant observable using analytical and numerical techniques based on the sliver frame ℒ0 and traditional Virasoro L0 level expansions of the solutions.

The muon spin relaxation method is a powerful microscopic tool for probing the electronic states of materials by observing local magnetic field distributions on the muon. It often happens that a distribution of local magnetic fields shows an intermediate state between Gaussian and Lorentzian shapes. In order to generally describe these intermediate field distributions, we considered the convolution

We study the metric backreaction of mass and angular momentum accretion on black holes. We first develop the formalism of monopole and dipole linear gravitational perturbations around the Schwarzschild black holes in the Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates against the generic time-dependent matters. We derive the relation between the time dependence of the mass and angular momentum of the black hole

The gradient flow exact renormalization group (GFERG) is an exact renormalization group motivated by the Yang–Mills gradient flow and its salient feature is a manifest gauge invariance. We generalize this GFERG, originally formulated for the pure Yang–Mills theory, to vector-like gauge theories containing fermion fields keeping the manifest gauge invariance. For the chiral symmetry, we have two options:

AbstractWe establish an exact formulation for wave scattering of a massless field with spin and charge by Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole. Our formulation is based on the exact solution of the Teukolsky equation in terms of the local Heun function, and does not require any approximation. It serves simple exact formulae with arbitrary high precision, which realize fast calculation without restrictions

This article displays a proof of concept of the mixed analytical/numerical method, presented in previous publications, to compute two-loop functions with up to five massive propagators in a scalar theory having three- and four-leg vertices as the Higgs sector of the Standard Model. Several amplitudes are considered with two, three and four external legs. Some of them diverge in the UV region and we

AbstractA search for neutrinos produced in coincidence with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) was conducted with the Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector. Between December 2008 and March 2017, the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network recorded 2208 GRBs that occurred during normal SK operation. Several time windows around each GRB were used to search for coincident neutrino events. No statistically significant signal in excess

We study multi-boundary correlators of Witten-Kontsevich topological gravity in two dimensions. We present a method of computing an open string like expansion, which we call the ’t Hooft expansion, of the n-boundary correlator for any n up to any order by directly solving the KdV equation. We first explain how to compute the ’t Hooft expansion of the one-boundary correlator. The algorithm is very similar

We define an attractive gravity probe surface (AGPS) as a compact 2-surface Sα with positive mean curvature k satisfying raDak∕k2 ≥ α (for a constant α > -1∕2) in the local inverse mean curvature flow, where raDak is the derivative of k in the outward unit normal direction. For asymptotically flat spaces, any AGPS is proved to satisfy the areal inequality Aα ≤ 4π[(3 + 4α)∕(1 + 2α)]2(Gm)2, where Aα

Mass number dependence of the nuclear radii is closely related to the nuclear matter properties. It is known that the most of nuclei exhibit some deformation. We discuss how the nuclear density profile is modified by the nuclear deformation to elucidate the enhancement mechanism of the nuclear radii through a systematic investigation of neutron-rich Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ti, Cr, and Fe isotopes. Skyrme-Hartree-Fock

AbstractWe study a resurgence structure of a quantum field theory with a phase transition to uncover relations between resurgence and phase transitions. In particular, we focus on three-dimensional N = 4 supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics (SQED) with multiple hypermultiplets, where a second-order quantum phase transition has been recently proposed in the large-flavor limit. We provide interpretations

Bound systems of |$\Xi^-$|–|$^{14}_{}{\rm N}$| are studied via |$\Xi^-$| capture at rest followed by emission of a twin single-|$\Lambda$| hypernucleus in the emulsion detectors. Two events forming extremely deep |$\Xi^-$| bound states were obtained by analysis of a hybrid method in the E07 experiment at J-PARC and reanalysis of the E373 experiment at KEK-PS. The decay mode of one event was assigned

AbstractWe give a very simple derivation of the Atiyah–Patodi–Singer (APS) index theorem and its small generalization by using the path integral of massless Dirac fermions. It is based on Fujikawa’s argument for the relation between the axial anomaly and the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, and only a minor modification of that argument is sufficient to show the APS index theorem. The key ingredient is

We revisit squeezed-limit non-Gaussianity in single-field non-attractor inflation models from the viewpoint of the cosmological soft theorem. In single-field attractor models, an inflaton’s trajectories with different initial conditions effectively converge into a single trajectory in the phase space, and hence there is only one clock degree of freedom (DoF) in the scalar part. Its long-wavelength

This study experimentally examines the sensitivity of laboratory plasma influenced by a feedback loop to applied external force, with the objective of gaining insight into chaos control in plasma. The ionization waves in laboratory plasma are adopted as the medium of a typical nonlinear system. In the case of a system without the influence of feedback (defined as system A), the orbit of the chaotic

AbstractIn this article we study the thermodynamic phase transition of a regular Hayward-AdS black hole, by introducing a new order parameter, which is the potential conjugate to the magnetic charge arising from a non-linearly coupled electromagnetic field. We use Landau continuous phase transition theory to discuss the van der Waals-like critical phenomena of the black hole. The well-known interpretation

Direct observations of gravitational waves at frequencies below 10 Hz will play a crucial role in fully exploiting the potential of gravitational wave astronomy. One approach to pursue this direction is the utilization of laser interferometers equipped with Fabry–Pérot optical cavities in space. However, there are a number of practical challenges in following this path. In particular, the implementation

AbstractThe spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is examined by chiral effective theories, such as the linear σ model and the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. We discuss the properties of the sigma meson regarded as the quantum fluctuation of the chiral condensate when the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken mainly by the UA(1) anomaly. We derive a mass relation among the SU(3) flavor singlet

In the framework of the improved version of the 3-3-1 models with right-handed neutrinos, which is added to the Majorana neutrinos as new gauge singlets, the recent experimental neutrino oscillation data is completely explained through the inverse seesaw mechanism. We show that the major contributions to Br(μ → eγ) are derived from corrections at 1-loop order of heavy neutrinos and bosons. But, these

The recent measurements on RD, RD* and RJ∕ψ by three pioneering experiments, BaBar, Belle and LHCb, indicate that the notion of lepton flavour universality is violated in the weak charged-current processes, mediated through b → cℓν̄ℓ transitions. These intriguing results, which delineate a tension with their standard model predictions at the level of (2-3)σ have triggered many new physics propositions

The discretized closed Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe with positive cosmological constant is investigated by Regge calculus. According to the Collins-Williams formalism, a hyperspherical Cauchy surface is replaced with regular 4-polytopes. Numerical solutions to the Regge equations approximate well to the continuum solution during the era of small edge length. Unlike the expanding

Utilizing a microscopic Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach we study Josephson effect in arbitrarily oriented d-wave superconductors connected through two ferromagnets with noncollinear magnetizations, by solving scattering problem. The critical Josephson current is calculated for various parameters of the junction. Mutual influence of d-wave superconducting electrodes orientation and angle α between magnetization

We study the electromagnetic form factors of the lowest-lying singly heavy baryons with spin 1/2 within the framework of the chiral quark–soliton model, focusing on the comparison with recent lattice data. To compare the present results quantitatively with the lattice data, it is essential to treat the pion mass as a variable parameter, i.e., to employ unphysical values of the pion mass, which are

Classical Hamiltonian mechanics is realized by the action of a Poisson bracket on a Hamiltonian function. The Hamiltonian function is a constant of motion (the energy) of the system. The properties of the Poisson bracket are encapsulated in the symplectic |$2$|-form, a closed second-order differential form. Due to closure, the symplectic |$2$|-form is preserved by the Hamiltonian flow, and it assigns

The large-N master field of the Lorentzian IIB matrix model can, in principle, give rise to a particular degenerate metric relevant to a regularized big bang. The length parameter of this degenerate metric is then calculated in terms of the IIB-matrix-model length scale.

We consider the seesaw model with two right-handed neutrinos, |$N_1$| and |$N_2$|⁠, the masses of which are hierarchical, and investigate their contribution to the neutrinoless double beta (⁠|$0 \nu \beta \beta$|⁠) decay. Although the lepton number is broken by the Majorana masses of right-handed neutrinos, such decay processes can be absent in some cases. We present a possibility where the lighter

We extend high-momentum antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (HMAMD) by incorporating the short-range part of the unitary correlation operator method (UCOM) as the variational method of finite nuclei. In this HMAMD+UCOM calculation of light nuclei, HMAMD is mainly in charge of the tensor correlation with up to four-body correlation, while the short-range correlation is further improved by using UCOM

AbstractEmploying a deep convolutional neural network (deep CNN) trained on spin configurations of the 2D Ising model and the temperatures, we examine whether the deep CNN can detect the phase transition of the 2D $q$-state Potts model. To this end, we generate binarized images of spin configurations of the $q$-state Potts model ($q\ge 3$) by replacing the spin variables $\{0,1,\ldots,\lfloor q/2\rfloor-1\}$

Two cavities of different sizes with a photonic crystal structure have been developed for axion searches. In the cavities, the dispersion relation in the photonic crystal is utilized, and so they are called “DRiPC cavities”. The size of the smaller cavity is |$100 \times 100 \times 10$| mm, where 16 cylindrical metal poles with a diameter of 4 mm are introduced in a |$4\times4$| grid at 20 mm intervals

NEWAGE is a direction-sensitive dark matter search using a low-pressure gaseous time projection chamber. A low alpha-ray emission rate micro pixel chamber had been developed in order to reduce background for dark matter search. We conducted the dark matter search at the Kamioka Observatory in 2018. The total live time was 107.6 d, corresponding to an exposure of 1.1 kg|$\>$|d. Two events remained in

AbstractThe Sterile Neutrino Search at the J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS$^2$) experiment aims to search for sterile neutrino oscillations using a neutrino beam from muon decays at rest. The JSNS$^2$ detector contains 17 tons of 0.1$\%$ gadolinium (Gd) loaded liquid scintillator (LS) as a neutrino target. Detector construction was completed in the spring of 2020. A slow control and monitoring

We investigated black hole evolution on a quantum-gravitational scattering framework with the aim of tackling the black hole information paradox. With this setup, various pieces of system information are explicit from the start and unitary evolution is manifest throughout. The scattering amplitudes factorize into a perturbative part and a non-perturbative part. The non-perturbative part is dominated

AbstractNambu dynamics is a generalized Hamiltonian dynamics of more than two variables, whose time evolutions are given by the Nambu bracket, a generalization of the canonical Poisson bracket. Nambu dynamics can always be represented in the form of noncanonical Hamiltonian dynamics by defining the noncanonical Poisson bracket by means of the Nambu bracket. For the time evolution to be consistent,

We review the relation between half-BPS Wilson-’t Hooft line operators in N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories on the twisted space-time S1 ×ϵ ℝ2 × ℝ and the transfer matrices constructed from the trigonometric L-operators of an integrable system.

Geomagnetism is extremely complex and the straightforward magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations are still unable to reveal the whole dynamics of it. Recently, a simple macro-spin model for geomagnetism has been suggested. This model is based on the idea that the whole geomagnetism is described by interactions with many local dynamo elements (macro-spins). This model can reproduce some complex features

In this work, we present a phenomenological study of the complete analytical solution to the bound eigenstates and eigenvalues of the Yukawa potential obtained previously using the hidden supersymmetry of the system and a systematic expansion of the Yukawa potential in terms of δ = a 0 ∕D, where a 0 is the Bohr radius and D is the screening length. The eigenvalues, ϵnl(δ), are given in the form of