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The Iconic-Symbolic Spectrum Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Gabriel Greenberg
It is common to distinguish two great families of representation. Symbolic representations include logical and mathematical symbols, words, and complex linguistic expressions. Iconic representations include dials, diagrams, maps, pictures, 3-dimensional models, and depictive gestures. This essay describes and motivates a new way of distinguishing iconic from symbolic representation. It locates the
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Fair Opportunity and Responsibility Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Kimberly Kessler Ferzan
Fair Opportunity and Responsibility sets forth an overarching normative vision of excuses, weds criminal law and moral theorizing, and provides both breadth and depth in its analysis. The early chapters articulate the underlying theoretical account, and the later chapters analyze specific potential excuses, such as insanity and structural injustice.Brink operates within a retributivist framework, arguing
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The Open Future Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Fabrizio Cariani
In an apparent attempt to interpret Aristotle, Jan Łukasiewicz proposed that the idea that the future is open carries a semantic shadow: future contingents are neither true nor false, and connectives are governed by three-valued truth-tables. The view is suspicious, among other things, because it introduces violations of the law of excluded middle (LEM) that do not track intuition (when A is neither
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Inferential Deflationism Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Luca Incurvati, Julian J. Schlöder
Deflationists about truth hold that the function of the truth predicate is to enable us to make certain assertions we could not otherwise make. Pragmatists claim that the utility of negation lies in its role in registering incompatibility. The pragmatist insight about negation has been successfully incorporated into bilateral theories of content, which take the meaning of negation to be inferentially
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The Case for Rage: Why Anger Is Essential to Anti-racist Struggle Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Glen Pettigrove
From Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth to Malcolm X, James Baldwin, Toni Morrison, Audre Lorde, and bell hooks, the United States has a rich tradition of writers and activists who have drawn attention to anger’s value as a tool for resisting racism. “Racial hatred is real,” hooks (1995: 17) observed a quarter century ago, “and it is humanizing to be able to resist it with militant rage.” Myisha
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A Middle Way: A Non-fundamental Approach to Many-Body Physics Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Porter Williams
For over two decades now, Robert Batterman’s work has been important reading for anyone interested in emergence and reduction in the natural sciences. In Batterman’s first book, The Devil in the Details, he identified a varied collection of patterns of inference that exhibit what he called “asymptotic reasoning”: systematically eliminating or abstracting away details from the full description of a
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The Bounds of Possibility: Puzzles of Modal Variation Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Maegan Fairchild
There comes a time in every metaphysician’s life when she finally thinks—sure, maybe I should learn more about woodworking. She might then find herself reading something like Christopher Schwarz’s The Anarchist’s Workbench. In a chapter titled “All The Mistakes” Schwarz (2020: 47) reflects on attempts to design “a perfect bench,” starting with the honestly named $175 Workbench: The poor bench has changed
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Leveraging Distortions: Explanation, Idealization, and Universality in Science Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 H. K. Andersen
Questions about idealizations in science are often framed along the lines of, How can science be so effective when it gets so much wrong? Rice’s book, Leveraging Distortions: Explanation, Idealization, and Universality in Science offers a refinement on this framing, where we need not commit to the premise that idealizations are, in fact, wrong, that they need to be contained to the irrelevant parts
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Reasons First Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Eva Schmidt
Mark Schroeder’s latest book delves deeper into the topic of normativity and reasons, while moving his focus from ethics to epistemology. His central aims are, first, to argue that theorizing in normative epistemology profits from comparison with other normative domains (his “Core Hypothesis” [9]); and second, to defend a picture of epistemic normativity that puts reasons first: they can be used to
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Democratic Law Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Melissa Schwartzberg
The question of how communities may author their own laws, thereby manifesting autonomy (“self-legislation”), arises throughout the history of political thought. In Democratic Law, her Berkeley Tanner Lectures, Seana Valentine Shiffrin offers a distinguished contribution to this long inquiry: she argues that law’s value within democratic societies rests on its communicative capacity, enabling citizens
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Rational Polarization Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Kevin Dorst
Predictable polarization is everywhere: we can often predict how people’s opinions, including our own, will shift over time. Extant theories either neglect the fact that we can predict our own polarization, or explain it through irrational mechanisms. They needn’t. Empirical studies suggest that polarization is predictable when evidence is ambiguous, that is, when the rational response is not obvious
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Dark Matters: Pessimism and the Problem of Suffering Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 James Foster
In Dark Matters, Mara Van Der Lugt attempts to rehabilitate pessimism as a moral stance. Critical to this task is the distinction between what she calls “future-oriented” and “value-oriented” pessimism (10). The former is what most people presently understand the word pessimism to mean: a gloomy view about the future, an attitude of premature defeat.Although this kind of fatalism can be found alongside
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Kant’s Formula of Universal Law as a Test of Causality Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 W. Clark Wolf
Kant’s formula of universal law (FUL) is standardly understood as a test of the moral permissibility of an agent’s maxim: maxims that pass the test are morally neutral, and so permissible, while those that do not are morally impermissible. In contrast, this article argues that the FUL tests whether a maxim is the cause or determining ground of an action at all. According to Kant’s general account of
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Mind and World in Aristotle’s De Anima Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Emily Kress
Here is a fact about humans: we use our senses to pick up on things around us and our intellect to understand whatever is out there to be understood. In Mind and World in Aristotle’s De Anima, Kelsey argues that this fact is, in Aristotle’s view, in need of an explanation. He finds one in De Anima 3.8’s suggestion that “intelligence [is] form of forms, and sensibility form of sensibilia” (432a2–3;
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Leibniz on Time, Space, and Relativity Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Jeffrey K. McDonough
In his impressive Leibniz on Time, Space, and Relativity, Ric Arthur manages to juggle a daunting array of tasks: tracking the chronological development of Leibniz’s views over more than half a century; explicating Leibniz’s groundbreaking mathematics; assembling texts—primary and secondary—in at least five languages; and, as if in passing, offering original translations and assessments of countless
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Shifty Speech and Independent Thought: Epistemic Normativity in Context Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Dorit Ganson
Crafted within a knowledge-first epistemological framework, Mona Simion’s engaging and wide-ranging work ensures that both the Knowledge Norm of Assertion (KNA) and Classical Invariantism (CI) can be part of a viable and productive research program.Dissatisfied with current strategies on offer in the literature, she successfully counters objections to the pair sourced in “shiftiness intuitions”—intuitions
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The Scope of Consent Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Danielle Bromwich
Consent covers certain actions but not others. If I lend you my new car, you are now free to use it to run errands but not to compete in a demolition derby. This is obvious enough, but determining exactly what I have permitted is much harder. Since you cannot read my mind, you cannot know for sure which uses of the car fall within the contours of my consent. But if you get this wrong, you use my car
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Sustaining Democracy: What We Owe to the Other Side Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Kevin Vallier
Sustaining Democracy is Robert Talisse’s well-argued follow-up to his previous book, Overdoing Democracy. Talisse has argued that American political polarization endangers democracy. The problem occurs when Americans allow their politics to become their identity and, in doing so, lose crosscutting identities, religious, familial, and civic. We not only lose the intrinsic value of those identities;
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The Moral Habitat Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Helga Varden
Those who love philosophy books that present new, exciting, and complex theories have been given a gift in Barbara Herman’s The Moral Habitat. In my view, it is also a gift to Kant, since it develops a deeply Kantian account of deliberation as part of showing how perfect and imperfect duties can be seen as working together in a dynamic moral (eco)system of duties of right and of virtue. In the process
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A Theory of Structured Propositions Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Andrew Bacon
This paper argues that the theory of structured propositions is not undermined by the Russell-Myhill paradox. I develop a theory of structured propositions in which the Russell-Myhill paradox doesn’t arise: the theory does not involve ramification or compromises to the underlying logic, but rather rejects common assumptions, encoded in the notation of the λ-calculus, about what properties and relations
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The Will to Nothingness: An Essay on Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morality Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Christopher Janaway
In Bernard Reginster’s account of On the Genealogy of Morality, Nietzsche’s genealogical exercise is ‘functional.’ Nietzsche aims, in his view, to expose the functional role of moral beliefs in serving particular emotional needs of agents. The focus on this theme is tight, to the exclusion of some traditional topics, including perspectivism or truthfulness, as Reginster himself notes. Chapters 3, 4
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The Modal Future Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 David Boylan
Cariani’s The Modal Future is a book about future language. At its heart is a challenge to the received symmetric picture of temporal language. Many think past tense and future auxiliaries are mirror images of each other: one simply has “later” where the other has “earlier.” The Modal Future aims to supplant this symmetric picture with an asymmetric one, where future thought and talk is modal, and
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Averroes on Intellect: from Aristotelian Origins to Aquinas’s Critique Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Peter Adamson
There have been philosophers who sought to preserve and ratify the dictates’ common sense, and there have been philosophers who were willing to overturn and correct those dictates. And then there was Averroes. His most notorious doctrine is not just counterintuitive. It commits him to something that seems self-evidently false, namely that there is only a single mind to which all human thought is related
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Depicting Deity: A Metatheological Approach Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Graham Oppy
Johnathan L. Kvanvig describes this book as an exercise in metatheology: an attempt to provide a framework for evaluating competing views about what is fundamental in theology. At the core of Kvanvig’s framework is the idea that ‘starting points’ for theologies ‘generate’ aspects of theologies, to which more must be added in order to arrive at adequate complete theologies.Kvanvig focuses on three starting
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Sharing Knowledge: A Functionalist Account of Assertion Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 John Greco
In this excellent book, Christoph Kelp and Mona Simion defend an etiological-functionalist account of the normativity of assertion. Specifically, the etiological function of assertion is to generate knowledge in hearers. Kelp and Simion argue that this functionalist thesis has two important implications: a) that epistemically good assertions are those that are disposed to generate knowledge in hearers
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How Is Perception Tractable? Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Tyler Brooke-Wilson
Perception solves computationally demanding problems at lightning fast speed. It recovers sophisticated representations of the world from degraded inputs, often in a matter of milliseconds. Any theory of perception must be able to explain how this is possible; in other words, it must be able to explain perception’s computational tractability. One of the few attempts to move toward such an explanation
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Plato’s Statesman: A Philosophical Discussion Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Chris Bobonich
In her introduction to a translation of the Statesman, Julia Annas remarks that as ‘stimulating as Plato’s political ideas in the Statesman are, it is not surprising that the dialogue has been relatively neglected by comparison with the Republic and the Laws’ (Annas and Waterfield 1995: x). A glance at Dimas et al.’s bibliography shows that the situation has improved since then, although the Statesman
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Thomas Aquinas and Contemplation Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Thomas Williams
Everybody knows (for the relevant value of ‘everybody’) that, for Thomas Aquinas, perfect happiness consists in intellectual contemplation of the divine essence, with the will’s delight or enjoyment being a necessary concomitant of that beatific vision but not, strictly speaking, part of the essence of happiness. Beyond this boilerplate statement, however, most of us would be hard-pressed to say much
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Target Centred Virtue Ethics Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Liezl van Zyl
Christine Swanton is, without question, one of the leading scholars in contemporary virtue ethics. Nevertheless, and somewhat surprisingly, her target-centered account of virtue ethics, which was developed in Virtue Ethics: A Pluralistic Account (2003) and a series of articles, has not garnered much support. Part of the reason has to do with the sheer popularity of Aristotelian virtue ethics, in particular
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The Many and the One: A Philosophical Study of Plural Logic Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 J. P. Studd
Logicians and philosophers have had a good 120 years to get used to the idea that not every condition defines a set. One popular coping strategy is to maintain that each instantiated condition does at least determine a ‘plurality’ (i.e., one or more items). This is to say that friends of traditional plural logic accept—often as a trivial or evident or logical truth—each instance of plural comprehension:
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The Fragmented Mind Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Sara Aronowitz
This excellent volume contains 14 chapters exploring the idea of fragmentation: the division of a belief state into parts (“fragments”) that can represent the world in distinct, jointly incoherent ways. For instance, I might know that sea cucumbers are a type of animal related to starfish when I am asked in a biological context, but when I am at a restaurant and see them on the menu, I think that sea
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Vagueness and the Evolution of Consciousness Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Angela Mendelovici, David Bourget
Michael Tye is perhaps best known for his defense of tracking representationalism, a view that combines representationalism (the view that an experience’s phenomenal character is determined by its representational content) with a tracking theory of representation (the view that mental representation is a matter of causal covariation, carrying information, or, more generally, tracking). In Vagueness
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Epistemic Explanations: A Theory of Telic Normativity, and What it Explains Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Duncan Pritchard
A new book by Ernest Sosa is always an event. In a philosophical age where much of the focus is on piecemeal issues, Sosa has forged ahead with a novel virtue-theoretic treatment of a range of core questions in epistemology that is self-consciously systematic. Note that ‘epistemology’ is here broadly conceived. Indeed, a key part of the Sosa project has been to enlarge the reach of mainstream epistemology
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The Thirteenth-Century Animal Turn: Medieval and Twenty-First Century PerspectivesThinking about Animals in Thirteenth-Century Paris: Theologians on the Boundary between Humans and Animals Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Christina Van Dyke
Most philosophers today know the thirteenth century as the age of Thomas Aquinas and debates about human nature and the rational soul; fewer are aware of the thirteenth century as an important turning point in western European attitudes toward non-human animals. The two themes are intimately connected, however—the same Aristotelian texts that, newly translated into Latin, were generating controversy
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Leibniz and Kant Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Catherine Wilson
Brandon Look’s introduction to this long-awaited collection points to the range of Leibniz’s writings unknown to Kant and his contemporaries and to Kant’s general dislike of historical scholarship. Kant apparently owned not a single book authored by Leibniz, or for that matter by Spinoza or Locke, and only one volume of Christian Wolff, his Ontologia. Yet the name index of the Kant corpus renders Leibniz
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The Open Society and Its Complexities Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Robert E. Goodin
This is a work of delightfully rampant interdisciplinarity. It draws “on evolutionary analysis, primatology, anthropology, moral psychology, analyses of complex systems, experimental economics, studies of norms, economic development, policy studies, analyses of governance and collective action, randomized control trials and much more” (ix). I am not expert in any of those fields, much less all of them
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Existence and Modality in Kant: Lessons from Barcan Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Andrew Stephenson
This essay considers Kant’s theory of modality in light of a debate in contemporary modal metaphysics and modal logic concerning the Barcan formulas. The comparison provides a new and fruitful perspective on Kant’s complex and sometimes confusing claims about possibility and necessity. Two central Kantian principles provide the starting point for the comparison: that the possible must be grounded in
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Accuracy, Deference, and Chance Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Benjamin A. Levinstein
Chance both guides our credences and is an objective feature of the world. How and why we should conform our credences to chance depends on the underlying metaphysical account of what chance is. I use considerations of accuracy (how close your credences come to truth-values) to propose a new way of deferring to chance. The principle I endorse, called the Trust Principle, requires chance to be a good
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Epistemology Normalized Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jeremy Goodman, Bernhard Salow
We offer a general framework for theorizing about the structure of knowledge and belief in terms of the comparative normality of situations compatible with one’s evidence. The guiding idea is that, if a possibility is sufficiently less normal than one’s actual situation, then one can know that that possibility does not obtain. This explains how people can have inductive knowledge that goes beyond what
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The Philosophy of Envy Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Heidi Lene Maibom
“I couldn’t stand those books,” my friend Elena said with great vehemence; “all the characters were just horrible.” It was a sunny afternoon in August and, having hiked up Izaraitz Auzoa, we were luncheoning on the grass by a small Basque chalet serving wine to weary hikers. She was talking about My Brilliant Friend, the first book of Elena Ferrante’s quartet The Neapolitan Novels. Her sister, who
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A Minimal Metaphysics for Scientific Practice Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Nina Emery
Metaphysicians, by and large, aim to be scientifically respectable in their theorizing. To what extent do they succeed? That’s an excellent question. But before we can answer it, we need to answer a more basic question: What does it mean to be scientifically respectable in your metaphysical theorizing, anyway?In this important and original book, Andreas Hüttemann puts forward a novel way of thinking
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Practical Expressivism Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Sebastian Köhler
An underappreciated but core part of metaethical expressivism is a thesis about moral practice’s function as a tool for coordination. Neil Sinclair’s Practical Expressivism brings this thesis to the fore and demonstrates that functions can help expressivists a lot. It does so by developing “practical expressivism,” a view with three core commitments. First, the metasemantic view that the semantic function
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The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Craig French
What is the nature of conscious sensory experience? In The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience David Papineau sets out to answer this question. He argues for the qualitative view: conscious sensory experiences are “intrinsic qualitative properties of people that are only contingently representational” (6).This book is instructive, engaging, original, full of argument, straight-talking, and it defends
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Assertion, Evidence, and the Future Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Dilip Ninan
This essay uses a puzzle about assertion and time to explore the pragmatics, semantics, and epistemology of future discourse. The puzzle concerns cases in which a subject is in a position to say, at an initial time t, that it will be that ϕ, but is not in a position to say, at a later time t′, that it is or was that ϕ, despite not losing or gaining any relevant evidence between t and t′. We consider
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Collective Abstraction Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Jon Erling Litland
This paper develops a novel theory of abstraction—what we call collective abstraction. The theory solves a notorious problem for noneliminative structuralism. The noneliminative structuralist holds that in addition to various isomorphic systems there is a pure structure that can be abstracted from each of these systems; but existing accounts of abstraction fail for nonrigid systems like the complex
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The World According to Kant Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Markus Kohl
In this excellent book, Anja Jauernig provides an exceptionally clear and illuminating reading of Kant’s critical idealism. Jauernig is explicit from the beginning that she is concerned with Kant’s idealism as a metaphysical doctrine, with “Kant’s account of what there is in the world, understood as the sum total of everything that has reality, including, in particular, his account of appearances and
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Metaphysical Emergence Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Timothy O’Connor
Jessica Wilson’s Metaphysical Emergence is the product of two decades of thought, worked out in more than two dozen articles. In it, she seeks to understand the way(s) that a variety of complex natural entities (whether objects, properties, states, events, or processes) manifest dependence with autonomy in relation to constituting or otherwise sustaining less complex entities. Wilson provides a detailed
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Aristotle’s Empiricism Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Breno Zuppolini
Was Aristotle an empiricist? From the start, Marc Gasser-Wingate makes it clear that the aim of his book “is not to defend the label,” but “to show that Aristotle had an interesting conception of perception’s role as a starting point for our learning, and of its relation to various more advanced forms of practical and theoretical knowledge” (xii). The author achieves this goal with distinction, advancing
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The Concept of Motion in Ancient Greek Thought: Foundations in Logic, Method, and Mathematics Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Jacob Rosen
Two main conceptual developments were required for the Greeks to achieve a scientific understanding of motion. First, they needed a coherent conception of nonbeing: if something moves then it is not somewhere at one time where it is at another time; and Parmenides showed that this causes problems if you think of it in the wrong way. Second, they had to conceive an appropriate relation between space
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Freedom and Responsibility in Neoplatonist Thought Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Christopher Isaac Noble
What does it mean to be free, and what are the metaphysical conditions for freedom? What are the prerequisites for being an agent who can be held responsible for their actions? What connection, if any, is there between freedom and responsibility? Ursula Coope poses these enduring questions to the Neoplatonists, who represent the dominant philosophical tradition in late antiquity, beginning with Plotinus
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Feeling Like It: A Theory of Inclination and Will Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Francey Russell
I may feel like doing something and decide not to do it; I may do something without feeling like it. How does what I want bear on what I decide to do? Tamar Schapiro pursues this question in her extremely engaging and creative new book Feeling Like It. Schapiro’s primary explanandum is not inclination per se but the agent’s relation to her own inclination in what Schapiro calls “the moment of drama
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The World in the Wave Function Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 David Wallace
David Lewis famously quipped that he was willing to take metaphysical lessons from quantum mechanics only when it cleaned up its own act by providing interpretations or modifications of the formalism shorn of appeal to consciousness, irreducibly macroscopic notions, or outright instrumentalism. By the first decade of the twenty-first century, multiple approaches to quantum mechanics had been developed
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The Epistemology of Groups Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Mona Simion
Jennifer Lackey’s excellent new book is very ambitious, as the title suggests: it covers all of collective epistemology (group justification, group knowledge, group speech acts), but also related issues in ethics (group responsibility), language (group assertion and lying), and mind (group belief).I don’t have the space here to do justice to all the excellent philosophy in this book. I will therefore
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Multiple Universes and Self-Locating Evidence Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Yoaav Isaacs, John Hawthorne, Jeffrey Sanford Russell
Is the fact that our universe contains fine-tuned life evidence that we live in a multiverse? Ian Hacking and Roger White influentially argue that it is not. We approach this question through a systematic framework for self-locating epistemology. As it turns out, leading approaches to self-locating evidence agree that the fact that our own universe contains fine-tuned life indeed confirms the existence
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I Am Not the Zygote I Came from because a Different Singleton Could Have Come from It Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Chunghyoung Lee
Many people believe that human beings begin to exist with the emergence of the 1-cell zygote at fertilization. I present a novel argument against this belief, one based on recently discovered facts about human embryo development. I first argue that a human zygote is developmentally plastic: A zygote that naturally develops into a singleton (i.e., develops into exactly one infant/adult without twinning)
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Hallucination and Its Objects Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Alex Byrne, Riccardo Manzotti
When one visually hallucinates, the object of one’s hallucination is not before one’s eyes. On the standard view, that is because the object of hallucination does not exist, and so is not anywhere. Many different defenses of the standard view are on offer; each has problems. This article defends the view that there is always an object of hallucination—a physical object, sometimes with spatiotemporally
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Aristotle on Shame and Learning to Be Good Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Patricia Marechal
How can we become virtuous by doing virtuous actions? This question, which has received unceasing attention from scholars working in Aristotle’s ethical theory, is at the center of Marta Jimenez’s book, Aristotle on Shame and Learning to Be Good. Jimenez rigorously articulates clearly the challenges faced when trying to provide an account of moral development in Aristotle’s works. She also meets these
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Kant on Self-Knowledge and Self-Formation: The Nature of Inner Experience Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Béatrice Longuenesse
Scholarship on Kant’s theory of the mind has, with a few notable exceptions, tended to focus on the formal aspects of Kant’s view: Kant’s transcendental philosophy, Kant’s categorical imperative of morality, and Kant’s theory of the “free play of the faculties” as the ground of pure aesthetic judgments. Where Kant’s theory of empirical knowledge is concerned, the focus has tended to be on Kant’s theory
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Kant’s Reform of Metaphysics: The ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ Reconsidered Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Corey W. Dyck
In this engaging, provocative, and highly original study, Karin de Boer offers an interpretation of key parts of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason as a preparation for an anticipated (and positive) system of metaphysics that is broadly Wolffian in character. In contrast to the lopsided scholarly focus on the negative results of Kant’s project—its “all-crushing” effect on traditional metaphysics—de Boer
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Modeling the Meanings of Pictures Philos. Rev. Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Gabriel Greenberg
John Kulvicki’s book Modeling the Meanings of Pictures offers a bold and original theory of pictorial meaning. The discussion sidesteps well-worn debates about the role of resemblance and perception in depiction, instead offering a philosophical account of pictorial expression’s basic components and how they compare with language. The book makes a welcome contribution to the semantics of pictures at