The sea of quarks and antiquarks in the nucleon

Geesaman, D. F.; Reimer, P. E.

doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ab05a7

Title: The sea of quarks and antiquarks in the nucleon

Journal Article · Tue Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Reports on Progress in Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ab05a7· OSTI ID:1501863

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Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

The quark and gluon structure of the proton has been under intense experimental and theoretical investigation for five decades. Even for the distributions of the well-studied valence quarks, challenges such as the value of the down quark to up quark ratio at high fractional momenta remain. Much of the sea of quark-antiquark pairs emerges from the splitting of gluons and is well described by perturbative evolution in quantum chromodynamics. However, experiments confirm that there is a non-perturbative component to the sea that is not well understood and hitherto has been difficult to calculate with ab initio non-perturbative methods. This non-perturbative structure shows up, perhaps most directly, in the flavor dependence of the sea antiquark distributions. Even though some of the general trends can be reproduced by models, there are features of the data that do not seem to be well described. Conclusively, this article discusses the experimental situation, the status of calculations and models, and the directions where these studies will progress in the near future.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1501863

Journal Information:: Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4; ISSN 0034-4885

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 13 works

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Renormalization in Large Momentum Effective Theory of Parton Physics Ji, Xiangdong; Zhang, Jian-Hui; Zhao, Yong Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.37233	text	January 2018
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Sea Quark Flavor Asymmetry of Hadrons in Statistical Balance Model Zhang, Bin; Zhang, Yong-Jun arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1008.0467	text	January 2010
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Taming the Pion Cloud of the Nucleon Alberg, Mary; Miller, Gerald A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1201.4184	text	January 2012
Combination and QCD Analysis of Charm Production Cross Section Measurements in Deep-Inelastic ep Scattering at HERA Collaboration, H1; Collaboration, Zeus arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1211.1182	preprint	January 2012
First extraction of valence transversities in a collinear framework Bacchetta, Alessandro; Courtoy, A.; Radici, Marco arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1212.3568	text	January 2012
A first unbiased global determination of polarized PDFs and their uncertainties Nocera, Emanuele R.; Ball, Richard D.; Forte, Stefano arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1406.5539	text	January 2014
Extracting the transversity distributions from single-hadron and dihadron production Martin, Anna; Bradamante, Franco; Barone, Vincenzo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1412.5946	text	January 2014
The asymptotic behaviour of parton distributions at small and large $x$ Ball, Richard D.; Nocera, Emanuele R.; Rojo, Juan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.00024	text	January 2016
Multiplicities of charged kaons from deep-inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target Adolph, C.; Agarwala, J.; Aghasyan, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.06760	text	January 2016
Strange quark asymmetry in the proton in chiral effective theory Wang, X. G.; Ji, Chueng-Ryong; Melnitchouk, W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.03333	text	January 2016
Kinematics of Current Region Fragmentation in Semi-Inclusive Deeply Inelastic Scattering Boglione, M.; Collins, J.; Gamberg, L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.10329	text	January 2016
First simultaneous extraction of spin-dependent parton distributions and fragmentation functions from a global QCD analysis Ethier, J. J.; Sato, N.; Melnitchouk, W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.05889	text	January 2017
A complete non-perturbative renormalization prescription for quasi-PDFs Alexandrou, Constantia; Cichy, Krzysztof; Constantinou, Martha arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.00265	text	January 2017
Renormalization in Large Momentum Effective Theory of Parton Physics Ji, Xiangdong; Zhang, Jian-Hui; Zhao, Yong arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.08962	text	January 2017
Probing the Sea Quark Content of the Proton with One-Particle-Inclusive Processes Borsa, Ignacio; Sassot, Rodolfo; Stratmann, Marco arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.01630	text	January 2017
Improved Parton Distribution Functions at Physical Pion Mass Lin, Huey-Wen; Chen, Jiunn-Wei; Ishikawa, Tomomi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.05301	text	January 2017
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Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: a community white paper Lin, Huey-Wen; Nocera, Emanuele R.; Olness, Fred arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.07916	text	January 2017
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New Generation of Parton Distributions with Uncertainties from Global QCD Analysis Pumplin, J.; Stump, D. R.; Huston, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0201195	text	January 2002
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The statistical parton distributions: status and prospects Bourrely, Claude; Soffer, Jacques; Buccella, Franco arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0502180	text	January 2005
Connection between the Sivers function and the anomalous magnetic moment lu, Zhun; Schmidt, Ivan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0611158	text	January 2006
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Flavor asymmetry of polarized antiquark distributions and semi-inclusive DIS Dressler, B.; Goeke, K.; Polyakov, M. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9909541	text	January 1999
Flavor Asymmetry of Light Quarks in the Nucleon Sea Garvey, Gerald T.; Peng, Jen-Chieh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-ex/0109010	text	January 2001

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