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An Early Iron Age Moat in Jerusalem between the Ophel and the Southeastern Ridge/City of David Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Yuval Gadot, Efrat Bocher, Liora Freud, Yiftah Shalev
Excavations on Jerusalem’s Southeastern Ridge, in the GivꜤati Parking Lot excavations, have exposed a man-made ditch, some 30 m wide and at least 6 m in depth, close to the hill’s summit. This pape...
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A Seal Impression of ‘ShemaꜤ Servant of Jeroboam’ Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Shmuel Aḥituv, Avner Ayalon, Mira Bar-Matthews, Yuval Goren, Michael Magen, Eliezer D. Oren, Orit Shamir
The article deals with a small bulla of unknown provenance that was purchased some forty years ago in the Bedouin market of Beʾer Sheva. The bulla was stamped with a seal depicting a roaring lion, ...
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The Pottery of Babylonian-period Jerusalem: Stratum 9/10 at the Summit of the Southeastern Hill Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Liora Freud
The 2005–2008 excavations conducted by Eilat Mazar in Area G at the Southeastern Hill (‘the Summit of the City of David’) included stratified dump layers on the eastern slope. Reevaluation of the p...
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Flora in the Latin East: Archaeobotanical Remains from Crusader Arsur Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Andrea Orendi, Elisabeth Yehuda, Annette Zeischka-Kenzler, Oren Tal
Archaeobotanical analysis in Crusader-period sites in the Southern Levant is rare, and the plant finds from Arsur (Apollonia-Arsuf ) add new data to the scarce Crusader botanical material. The fill...
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Cult and Architecture in the Chalcolithic Period of the Southern Levant: The Case of En-Gedi and Teleilat Ghassul Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Gil Haklay, Avi Gopher
We studied the architectural remains of two Chalcolithic (Ghassulian) cultic complexes at En-Gedi and Teleilat Ghassul Area E in order to trace aspects of the architectural planning principles and ...
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Metalworking in Cultic Spaces: The Emergence of New Offering Practices in the Middle Bronze Age Southern Levant Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Matthew Susnow, Naama Yahalom-Mack
This article addresses the relationship between metalworking and cultic space in the Bronze Age Southern Levant, tracing the earliest evidence of metallurgical activities within Southern Levantine ...
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Editor’s Foreword Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Ido Koch
Published in Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University (Vol. 50, No. 1, 2023)
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The Secret in the Desert: Preliminary Conclusions from the Excavation of a Unique Burial Complex in the Negev Highlands Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Martin David Pasternak, Tali Erickson-Gini
Abstract In the course of a salvage excavation in the centre of the Negev highlands, near Tlalim Junction and Kibbutz Tlalim, a unique burial site dated to the middle of the first millennium BCE was discovered. The site appears to be located at the head of an ancient crossroad, and it seems that for generations it was used for communal graves and associated burial rituals carried out by travellers
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The Metal Assemblage of Early Iron Age el-Aḥwat: Trade and Metalworking in the Margins of the Southern Levantine Central Highlands Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Tzilla Eshel, Ofir Tirosh, Yoav Bornstein, Shay Bar
Abstract The large metal assemblage of the unique site of el-Aḥwat, a short-lived Iron I settlement, is presented here for the first time. It mainly comprises local tools, jewellery and evidence of bronzeworking, typical of Iron Age I urban settlements in the lowlands, mostly continuing Late Bronze Age traditions. Spatial distribution of the metal finds shows that metals were abundant across the site
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Between Israel and Phoenicia: The Iron IIA–B Fortified Purple-dye Production Centre at Tel Shiqmona Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Golan Shalvi, Ayelet Gilboa
Abstract The history of Tel Shiqmona, on Israel’s Carmel coast, in the Iron Age has remained almost totally obscure since its excavation some 50 years ago. Recent analysis has revealed the site’s singularity—the only one around the Mediterranean that can be demonstrated to have produced the luxurious purple dye for half a millennium. This article is the first discussion of a central episode (three
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Locating Jerusalem’s Royal Palace in the Second Millennium BCE in Light of the Glyptic and Cuneiform Material Unearthed in the Ophel Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Nadav Na'aman
Abstract This article argues, on the basis of indirect evidence drawn from the results of the excavations of the Ophel, that during the second millennium BCE, the governing centre of Jerusalem was located on the Temple Mount. The conclusion rests mainly upon a numerical comparison between the glyptic material uncovered in the Ophel vis-à-vis that unearthed in the Southeastern Hill (the City of David)
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Mace in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Ancient Near East Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Michael Sebbane
Abstract In recent years it has become apparent that the mace, one of the most important weapons and ceremonial artefacts in the Ancient Near East, first appeared in the tenth millennium BCE, during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A. Given the considerable importance of this new evidence for understanding the role and status of the mace in the Ancient Near East, it is timely to present the state of the research
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The En-Gedi Spring Site and the Judahite Expansion into the Judaean Desert in the Late Iron Age Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Avraham Mashiach, Uri Davidovich
Abstract This article discusses the results of the excavations conducted in the Iron II site near the En-Gedi Spring in 1961–1962 and 2019. The site, consisting of a prominent stone platform documented as early as the 19th century and other recently discovered structural remains, is interpreted as a Judahite outpost built in a strategic location within the oasis of En-Gedi. On the basis of the ceramic
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Jerusalem’s Growth in Light of the Renewed Excavations in the Ophel Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Ariel Winderbaum
The archaeological excavations at the Ophel site between 2009–2013, headed by Dr. Eilat Mazar, uncovered, for the first time in the history of Jerusalem, layers with buildings—some of them monumental—that were in use throughout the Iron I, Iron IIA and Early Iron IIB. These buildings are of great importance due to their location on the southern slopes of the Temple Mount. In this article I review these
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The Iron Age Complex in the Ophel, Jerusalem: A Critical Analysis Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Israel Finkelstein
Excavations at the Ophel in Jerusalem have revealed some of the most elaborate Iron Age remains in the city. They are of great importance for reconstructing the settlement history of Jerusalem and are related to two major issues: the nature of Judah’s capital in the 10th century BCE and the location of its original Bronze and Iron Age mound. Here I deal with the characteristics of the remains and their
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The Late Iron IIA Cylindrical Holemouth Jars and Their Role in the Royal Economy of Early Monarchic Israel Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Madeleine Butcher, Karen Covello-Paran, Paula Waiman-Barak, Oded Lipschits, Hannes Bezzel, Omer Sergi
The recent excavations at Ḥorvat Tevet and the finding of ca. 260 Late Iron IIA cylindrical holemouth jars provided an unparalleled opportunity to study these relatively unknown vessels. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of cylindrical holemouth jars and includes a study of typology and morphology, alongside the analysis of provenance and distribution patterns. By shedding new light on these
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Plant Remains from Rothenberg’s Excavations in Timna: Smelters’ Food and Cultic Offerings at the Turn of the First Millennium BCE Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Michal David, Mordechai Kislev, Yoel Melamed, Erez Ben-Yosef, Ehud Weiss
In the 1960s and 1970s, two copper-smelting sites (Sites 2 and 30) and a cultic place (the ‘Hathor Shrine’, Site 200) were excavated by Beno Rothenberg’s ‘Arabah Expedition’ in the Timna Valley. They yielded rich archaeobotanical assemblages, most of which were never published. These data provide a rare opportunity to reconstruct plant food aspects of the daily lives of copper smelters. In this study
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Papyrus Amherst 63: Shifting between the Heavenly and Earthly Spheres Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Nadav Naʾaman
Van der Toorn’s 2018 edition of Papyrus Amherst 63 paved the way for a fresh examination of this difficult Demotic–Aramaic text. This article first examines the literary structure of the text and suggests a revised internal arrangement of its constituents, in particular those of Section IV. The revised arrangement serves as the basis for the ensuing discussion. The article discusses the designation
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Archaeometallurgical Analysis of Lead Weights and Sling Bullets from Seleucid Tell Iẓṭabba: More on Lead Origin in Seleucid Palestine Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Sabine Klein, Moritz Jansen, Achim Lichtenberger, Oren Tal
Lead isotope and portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry were applied to a small group of Hellenistic lead objects from Tell Iztabba (Beth Shean, Israel). The market weights and sling bullets from this short-lived Seleucid-founded site were analysed in order to understand their production process and the provenance of the raw materials. The sling bullets are of pure lead, and its
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History, Economy and Administration in Late Iron Age Judah in Light of the Excavations at Mordot Arnona, Jerusalem Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-01-02 Neria Sapir,Nathan Ben-Ari,Liora Freud,Oded Lipschits
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IVL Impressions and Their Implications for the Production of Ceramic Building Materials in Aelia Capitolina Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-01-02 Anat Cohen-Weinberger,Tehillah Lieberman,Nahshon Szanton
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A Luxurious Royal Estate from the First Temple Period in Armon ha-Natziv, Jerusalem Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-01-02 Yaʿakov Billig,Liora Freud,Efrat Bocher
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In Memoriam: Professor Moshe Fischer (1945–2021) Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-01-02 Oren Tal,Itamar Taxel
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Was the City-Wall of ʿAroer in the Negev of Judah Built in the Early Roman Period? Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-01-02 David Ussishkin
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A Bulla of ʾӐdōnîyāhû, the One Who Is Over the House, from beneath Robinson’s Arch in Jerusalem Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-01-02 David S. Vanderhooft,Madadh Richey,Eli Shukron
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The History of Iron Age Jerusalem: A Ceramic Approach Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-01-02 Salome Dan-Goor
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Storage Vessels as Indicators of Crisis Management Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2022-01-02 Shlomit Bechar,Assaf Yasur-Landau,Nimrod Marom
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The Debate on Negev Viticulture and Gaza Wine in Late Antiquity Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Daniel Fuks,Gideon Avni,Guy Bar-Oz
One hundred fifty years have passed since the first published reference in modern Western scholarship to ancient wine production in the Negev Highland desert, and much is now known about its hydrological, climatic, agricultural, economic, social and political context. Yet, in 2020 two studies reached opposite conclusions regarding the extent and intensity of Negev Highland viticulture, its relationship
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Vinegar in the Wine Cellar: Food Distribution at Fort Arad 600 BCE Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Baruch Rosen,Etan Ayalon
The well-organized food distribution to the military practiced at the fort of Arad ca. 600 BCE is analysed based on the Arad Ostraca, specifically Ostracon 2, which is concerned with food rations and management of stored wine. Wine quality was assured by inspection ordered by the commander of the fort and executed by the quartermaster. Vinegar played a significant role in the distribution associated
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Notes on the Rock-Cut ‘Space’ near the Gihon Spring Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Ronny Reich
This article rejects David Ussishkin’s interpretation of the Rock-cut ‘Pool’ in the City of David, Jerusalem, as an abandoned quarry. This feature, better described as a space than a pool or quarry is, actually, a separate system from the northeastern corner, which in the past was referred to as the Round Chamber. Contra to my initial understanding of these two features, I now suggest that they each
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On Two Anthroponyms from the Achaemenid Period Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Ran Zadok
In the first section I analyse anthroponyms which are written Šby, Š(w)by and Šbᵓ in Hebrew and Aramaic. In the second section I argue that Ḥnnh/Ḥnwnh on Yhwd-impressions refers to a male rather than a female functionary (or functionaries).
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A Roman Military Funerary Inscription from the Legionary Base of the VI Ferrata at Legio, Israel Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Yotam Tepper,Werner Eck,Greg Leyfirer,Matthew J. Adams
A complete Latin funerary inscription was found during an infrastructure development excavation near the legionary base of the Legio VI Ferrata at Legio. This funerary epitaph for a miles of the VIth Legion is the only complete inscription of its kind from Legio and, therefore, is an important contribution to the history of the legion during its tenure in Syria-Palaestina. In the epigraphic study of
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New Light on Six Inscriptions from Arad Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Nadav Na'aman
On the basis of new multispectral images, I re-examine six of the inscriptions found by Yohanan Aharoni at Arad. These are Arad 76, an early ration list; Arad 49, an inscribed ritual bowl dated to the late 8th century; three letters that form part of Eliashib's archive (Arad 3, 5 and 12); and a unique school text dated to the late 7th–early 6th centuries that records blessings and expressions of human
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Mount Adir: An Iron I Polity in the Upper Galilee? Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Hayah Katz
This is the final report of the excavations conducted at the site of the fortress of Mount Adir in two seasons separated by 43 years. In addition to summarizing the available data on the fortress, the study focuses on the broader context—the interconnectedness between the Iron IB settlement system in the Upper Galilee and the contemporaneous centres in the northern part of the country, especially in
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The Megiddo Gates: Outdated Views Versus New Data Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Israel Finkelstein,Matthew J. Adams
In a recent article in this journal we presented the results of our 2018 excavations in the area of the six-chambered gate at Megiddo (Finkelstein et al. 2019). Ussishkin (2020) challenged our interpretation, reiterating his past theories regarding the Megiddo gates. Here we present data which negate his views.
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The Pentateuchal Dietary Proscription against Finless and Scaleless Aquatic Species in Light of Ancient Fish Remains Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Yonatan Adler,Omri Lernau
The origins and early history of the pentateuchal prohibition against eating finless and scaleless aquatic species (Lev 11:9–12; Deut 14:9–10) has yet to merit a detailed investigation. The present study is an initiatory attempt to attend to this lacuna by analysing 56 zooarchaeological assemblages of fish remains from 30 sites throughout the southern Levant from the Late Bronze Age through to the
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Hoarding at Megiddo in the Late Bronze and Iron I Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Erin Hall
The article focuses on Megiddo hoards dating to the Late Bronze Age and Iron I. As many as 17 such hoards have been discovered thus far. One particular hoard, as yet unpublished, is presented. The remaining 16 hoards, several of which have never been identified as such, are cataloged. A classification of the hoards based on their ritual versus non-ritual nature is presented, as well as an analysis
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Jāmiʿ al-Sittīn—An Early Islamic Mosque near Tel Shiloh Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Amichay Schwartz,Reut Livyatan-Ben-Arie,Peretz Reuvan
The article deals with the history of Jāmiʿh al-Sittīn, an Early Islamic building located south of Tel Shiloh. Based on an analysis of archaeological finds, architectural comparanda and Medieval travelers’ literature, we conclude that in the Early Islamic period, probably by the time of the Abbasid dynasty, a mosque was erected here; somewhat later in the same period, sloping walls were added in order
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Culinary Traditions in the Borderlands of Judah and Edom during the Late Iron Age Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Andrew J. Danielson
Cooking pots and culinary practices can be used as a sensitive proxy for social identities. Through an analysis of culinary traditions in the northeastern Negev—the borderland region between the Iron Age kingdoms of Judah and Edom—a complex narrative of social interaction between diverse social groups can be identified. This article demonstrates patterns of social and economic alliances, migration
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The Date of Destruction of Gezer Stratum VI Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Samuel R. Wolff
The Hebrew Union College (HUC) excavators of Gezer attributed the destruction of Stratum VI to the 734 BCE campaign of Tiglath-pileser III. They based this on the relief found at Nimrud depicting the event. Various scholars who for numerous reasons wished to lower the date of destruction to the end of the 8th century have subsequently challenged this attribution. This paper, concentrating on evidence
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Excavations at Kiriath-jearim, 2019: Preliminary Report Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Israel Finkelstein,Thomas Römer,Christophe Nicolle,Zachary C. Dunseth,Assaf Kleiman,Juliette Mas,Naomi Porat,Naama Walzer
In this article we report the results of the second season of excavations at Kiriath-jearim (Deir el-ʿAzar). The following topics are emphasized: layout and date of the supposed monumental Iron IIB summit compound; nature of the Iron IIC settlement; date of the Hellenistic fortification; characteristics of the Early Roman period activity. An archaeo-historical analysis follows the presentation of the
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An Iron IIA Iron and Bronze Workshop in the Lower City of Tell es-Safi/Gath Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Vanessa Workman, Aren M. Maeir, Amit Dagan, Johanna Regev, Elisabetta Boaretto, Adi Eliyahu-Behar
An iron and bronze workshop in the lower city of Tell es-Safi/Gath, dated to the mid-late Iron IIA, contributes new data on the chronology, organization, and practice of metal production in the urban Philistine setting. Analyses show that iron objects were likely produced and maintained on a large scale, alongside bronze, employing regionally unique forms of crucibles and tuyères. The material culture
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The Enigma of the High-Level Aqueduct to Jerusalem and the Mamilla Water System Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-07-02 David Gurevich
In the Early Roman period the High-Level Aqueduct conveyed water to Jerusalem. The widely accepted view has been that before reaching the city, the aqueduct made a detour to the Mamilla Pool and then merged with the Mamilla Street Aqueduct on its way to the city. The article argues that this route is implausible. It presents data from excavations that set a consistent dating of the Mamilla water system
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Microarchaeological Study of the Achaemenid Throne Legs from the Israel Museum Collection Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Yarden Pagelson, Eran Arie, Yuval Goren
An investigation of the three Achaemenid throne parts housed in The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, reported to be from Samaria, found that they were made of bronze but with ceramic material that adhered to their interior. The purpose of the study was to determine their provenance, provenience and manufacturing techniques. As museum pieces, this had to be done in a minimally destructive manner. The methods
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The ‘Solomonic’, Six-chambered Gate 2156 at Megiddo Once Again Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-07-02 David Ussishkin
The stratigraphy and chronology of the Iron Age gates at Megiddo, particularly the so-called ‘Solomonic’, six-chambered Gate 2156, have been the subject of a long scholarly debate. In a recent issue of Tel Aviv, Finkelstein et al. (2019) described the results of their recent soundings in the area of these gates and suggested a new interpretation of their history. The present paper argues that—contrary
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A Figurine with a Possible Early Aramaic Inscription Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Madadh Richey
This article deals with an inscribed amulet in the form of an animal that was acquired by the British Museum in 1883 with the claim that its provenience was Tartus, opposite the ancient Phoenician city of Arwad. The five graphemes of the inscription, trztn, are interpreted as written in early Aramaic script, dated to the 9th or 8th centuries BCE. Most plausibly the graphemes constitute a flora-derived
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Forging an Empire: The Borders of the Land of Karkemiš According to the Treaty between Šuppiluliuma and Šattiwaza Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Yoram Cohen, Eduardo Torrecilla
The article analyses the border descriptions of the land of Karkemis according to the treaty between Suppiluliuma and Sattiwaza (CTH 51). We argue that the toponyms that establish the boundaries of Hanigalbat and Karkemis in the treaty were excluvisely on the east bank of the Euphrates; this is contrary to what is usually proposed by scholarship, which locates some of the toponyms on the west bank
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Building 7050 at the Acropolis of Late Bronze Hazor: A Palace After All Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Amnon Ben-Tor
Abstract Building 7050, located at the centre of the acropolis of Hazor, was constructed in the mid-14th century BCE and, like the rest of the city, was ravaged by fire sometime in the middle of the 13th century. Was this building a temple, as suggested by some, or a ceremonial palace, as advocated by the author? The plan of Building 7050 is clearly different from that of contemporaneous temples in
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New Evidence on the Location and Nature of Iron Age, Persian and Early Hellenistic Period Jerusalem Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Yiftah Shalev, Nitsan Shalom, Efrat Bocher, Yuval Gadot
The article presents finds unearthed during the renewed excavations at the Giv>ati Parking Lot in the ‘City of David’, Jerusalem. The finds, which date from the late Iron Age to the Persian and Early Hellenistic periods, testify to the importance of the western slope of the City of David ridge in the city’s urban development. When water was transferred from the Gihon Spring to the Siloam Pool the significance
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In Memoriam, Dr. Nili Liphschitz (1944–2019) Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Simcha Lev-Yadun,Dafna Langgut
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Horvat Tov: A Late Iron Age Fortress in the Northeastern Negev Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Eli Itkin
This article presents a summary of excavations that took place some 30 years ago at Horvat Tov, a late Iron Age fortress in the northeastern Negev. The finds suggest that Horvat Tov was established in the transitional period from the Iron IIB and IIC, and was destroyed like most of the other sites in the region at the end of the 7th or early 6th century BCE. The study reconstructs the historical framework
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Cannabis and Frankincense at the Judahite Shrine of Arad Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Eran Arie, Baruch Rosen, Dvory Namdar
Two limestone monoliths, interpreted as altars, were found in the Judahite shrine at Tel Arad. Unidentified dark material preserved on their upper surfaces was submitted for organic residue analysis at two unrelated laboratories that used similar established extraction methods. On the smaller altar, residues of cannabinoids such as Δ9-teterahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN)
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The Name Jerusalem in a Late Second Temple Period Jewish Inscription Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Yuval Baruch, Danit Levi, Ronny Reich
The article presents a late Second Temple period Jewish inscription discovered on a column drum at the Binyanei Ha
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The Iron IIB Gate Shrine at Lachish: An Alternative Interpretation Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Sabine Kleiman
The remains of a shrine located in the Iron IIB six-chamber gate at Lachish were recently published by Ganor and Kreimerman (2019). The excavators proposed that the chamber had a hierarchical layout comparable to that of the Arad sanctuary, and that the shrine and its cult furnishings had been desecrated in the course of Hezekiah’s cult reform. However, a critical re-evaluation of the published data
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The Geometry of King Herod’s Opus Sectile Floors Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Frankie Snyder
Mathematical and geometrical precision is a hallmark of King Herod the Great’s architectural achievements. This study presents five characteristics of his opus sectile floors derived from a detailed study of the geometrical patterns in the tiled floors of Herodian sites. Small variations in standard Roman patterns enabled Herod to stamp his unique signature on several of these floors.
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Egyptian Centres and the Distribution of the Alphabet in the Levant Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Nadav Na’aman
The article contends that the adoption of the alphabetic script in the Levant in the LB II–early Iron Age is best explained by the scribal activity of the Empire’s representatives in the Egyptian centres of government and by the display of artefacts written in the hieroglyphic script in these centres. The early alphabetic inscriptions clustered mainly in regions located near the Egyptian centres of
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The Wrath of the Lion: Evidence of a Mass-Burial in Hasmonean Jerusalem Tel Aviv Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Tehillah Lieberman, Kfir Arbiv, Yossi Nagar
Recent excavations in the Russian Compound in Jerusalem provide evidence of internal and external struggles in late Hellenistic Judea. The article presents the main findings and attempts to link them to historical events that occurred in Hasmonean Judea.