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Blaming the dead European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Anneli Jefferson
Should moral blame stop at the grave? We often blame the dead for the bad things they did while alive. But blaming the dead poses a prima facie challenge to accounts which take our blaming practices to aim at communicating moral disapproval to wrongdoers or at improving their moral agency. If these kinds of aims are made definitional for blame, blaming the dead becomes impossible. But even on accounts
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Review of Ralph Walker Objective imperatives European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Lucy Allais
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Kant, race, and racism: Views from somewhere. By HuapingLu‐Adler, Oxford University Press. 2023 European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Andrew Cooper
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Du Châtelet, induction, and Newton's rules for reasoning European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Aaron Wells
I examine Du Châtelet's methodology for physics and metaphysics through the lens of her engagement with Newton's Rules for Reasoning in Natural Philosophy. I first show that her early manuscript writings discuss and endorse these Rules. Then, I argue that her famous published account of hypotheses continues to invoke close analogues of Rules 3 and 4, despite various developments in her position. Once
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Phenomenology is explanatory: Science and metascience European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Heath Williams, Thomas Byrne
This essay disambiguates the relationship between phenomenology and explanation, whereby we uncover a fundamentally new way to understand the function of phenomenology within the sciences. These objectives are accomplished in two stages. First, we propose an original way to interpret Husserl's claim that his phenomenology is non‐explanatory. We demonstrate, contra accepted interpretations, that Husserl
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Schlick, intuition, and the history of epistemology European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Andreas Vrahimis
Maria Rosa Antognazza's work has issued a historical challenge to the thesis that the analysis of knowledge (as justified true belief) attacked by epistemologists from Gettier onwards was indeed the standard view traditionally upheld from Plato onwards. This challenge led to an ongoing reappraisal of the historical significance of intuitive knowledge, in which the knower is intimately connected to
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Hume and the fiction of the self European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Matthew Parrott
In the Treatise, Hume attempts to explain why we all believe that the self is a single unified entity that persists over time, a belief which Hume calls a fiction. In this paper, I demonstrate how Hume uses a type of functional explanation to account for this belief. After explicating Hume's view, I shall argue that it faces two related problems, which constitute a sort of dilemma. In the final section
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Defending (perceptual) attitudes European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Valentina Martinis
In this paper, I defend a tripartite metaphysics of intentional mental states, according to which mental states are divided into subject, content, and attitude, against recent attempts at eliminating the attitude component (e.g., Montague, Oxford studies in philosophy of mind, 2022, 2, Oxford University Press). I suggest that a metaphysics composed of only subject and content cannot account for (a)
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Husserl on knowing essences: Transworld identity and epistemic progression European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Andrew P. Butler
Husserl's proposed method for knowing the essences of universals, which he calls “free variation,” has been widely criticized for involving viciously circular reasoning. In this paper, I review existing attempts to resolve this problem, and I argue that they all fail. I then show that extant accounts are all guilty of a common mistake: they assume that circularity is inevitable as long as the exercise
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Acting from knowledge European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Sebastian Rödl
This essay explores the idea of acting from knowledge. This idea is a thought of ourselves: the distinctive way in which we act, in which we live, resides in this, that our actions, our life, may rest on knowledge. Yet the idea of action resting on knowledge is puzzling, even mysterious. The difficulty springs from the character of judgment that is knowledge: its objectivity. The objectivity of a judgment
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Acting on reasons: Synchronic executive control European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Arthur Schipper
There is a wide variety of cases of alienation, including (a) when an agent is alienated from her own motivational states and (b) deviant causal cases when an agent's motivational states cause her intended actions but via a deviant causal pathway. Reflecting on the variety of kinds of alienation reveals that action explanation still needs to account for the positive role that agents play in non-alienated
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The whitewashing of blame European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Eugene Chislenko
I argue that influential recent discussions have whitewashed blame, characterizing it in ways that deemphasize or ignore its morally problematic features. I distinguish “definitional,” “creeping,” and “emphasis” whitewash, and argue that they play a central role in overall endorsements of blame by T.M. Scanlon, George Sher, and Miranda Fricker. In particular, these endorsements treat blame as appropriate
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Hume and Kant on imaginative resistance European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Emine Hande Tuna
The topic of imaginative resistance attracted considerable philosophical attention in recent years. Yet, with a few exceptions, no historical investigation of the phenomenon has been carried out. This paper amends this gap in the literature by constructing a Humean and a Kantian explanation. The main contributions of this historical analysis to this debate are to make room for emotions in explanations
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“Belief” and Belief European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Eric Marcus
Our interest in understanding belief stems partly from our being creatures who think. However, the term ‘belief’ is used to refer to many states: from the fully conscious rational state that partly constitutes knowledge to the fanciful states of alarm clocks. Which of the many ‘belief’ states must a theory of belief be answerable to? This is the scope question. I begin my answer with a reply to a recent
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Is Margaret Cavendish a naïve realist? European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Daniel Whiting
Perception plays a central and wide-ranging role in the philosophy of Margaret Cavendish. In this paper, I argue that Cavendish holds a naïve realist theory of perception. The case draws on what Cavendish has to say about perceptual presentation, the role of sympathy in experience, the natures of hallucination and of illusion, and the individuation of kinds. While Cavendish takes perception to have
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Representation in action European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Alec Hinshelwood
When one is intentionally doing something, one represents that thing as a goal to be accomplished. One represents it practically. How should we characterize this practical representation further? In this paper, I argue that when one is intentionally doing something, one's representation of it as a goal to be accomplished must also be knowledge that one is intentionally doing that thing. And I argue
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Emulative envy and loving admiration European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Luke Brunning
Would you rather your friends, family, and partners envy you, or admire you, when you flourish? Many people would prefer to be admired, and so we often strive to tame our envy. Recently, however, Sara Protasi offered an intriguing defence of “emulative envy” which apparently improves us and our relationships, and is compatible with love. I find her account unconvincing, and defend loving admiration
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Correction to ‘On the eve of the “Philosophy of Symbolic Forms”: Cassirer and Hegel’ European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-16
Ferrari, M. On the eve of the “Philosophy of Symbolic Forms”: Cassirer and Hegel. European Journal of Philosophy, 31, 1125–1134. The article by Ferrari (2023) has been corrected online to incorporate the following edits that were missed during production. The updated article can be accessed at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejop.12915. The author's affiliation has been updated (department
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Transcendental arguments and metaphysical neutrality: A Wittgensteinian proposal European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Sidra Shahid
Despite periods of resurgence over the last decades, it is safe to say that transcendental arguments no longer enjoy a prominent presence in the philosophical landscape. One reason for their declining prominence is the sustained suspicion that despite their self-proclaimed metaphysical neutrality, transcendental arguments are, in fact, metaphysically committed. This paper aims to revive the discussion
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Reason, reasoning, and the taking condition European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Hamid Vahid
Theoretical reasoning (inference) is a conscious personal-level activity and a causal process. It is the process of revising one's beliefs for a reason whereby some of our beliefs cause or result in other beliefs. But inference is more than mere causation. This raises the question of what exactly distinguishes theoretical reasoning from mere causal processes. Paul Boghossian has located the distinguishing
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Willful testimonial injustice as a form of epistemic injustice European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Hilkje C. Hänel
In the debate on epistemic injustice, it is generally assumed that testimonial injustice as one form of epistemic injustice cannot be committed (fully) deliberately or intentionally because it involves unconscious identity prejudices. Drawing on the case of sexual violence against refugees in European refugee camps, this paper argues that there is a form of testimonial injustice—willful testimonial
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Kant on race and the radical evil in the human species European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Laura Papish
Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason remains one of the most opaque of Kant's published writings. Though this opacity belongs, partly, to the text itself, a key claim of this article is that this opacity stems also from the narrow lenses through which his readers view this text. Often read as part of Kant's moral philosophy or his universal history, the literature has thus far neglected a
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Extravagance and misery: Hegel on the multiplication and refinement of needs European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Nicolás García Mills
The topic of this paper is Hegel's claim in the Philosophy of Right that, within the modern social world, human needs tend to be endlessly expanded. Unlike the role that the system of needs plays in the formation of its participants' psychological makeup and the problem of poverty and the rabble, the topic of the expansion of needs remains underdiscussed in the recent Hegel literature on the virtues
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Against theological readings of Sartre European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Matthew Eshleman
This essay addresses ‘the God-haunted Atheist paradox’ in Sartre's early philosophy and argues against a series of efforts to show that Sartre maintains a ‘secular theology’. It shows that if Sartre's ontology is correct, the God of ‘classic theism’ cannot possibly exist. It argues against two sophisticated efforts to show that theological influences infiltrate Sartre's early ontology and permeate
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Listening to algorithms: The case of self-knowledge European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Casey Doyle
This paper begins with the thought that there is something out of place about offloading inquiry into one's own mind to AI. The paper's primary goal is to articulate the unease felt when considering cases of doing so. It draws a parallel between the use of algorithms in the criminal law: in both cases one feels entitled to be treated as an exception to a verdict made on the basis of a certain kind
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Moderate realist ideology critique European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Rebecca L. Clark
Realist ideology critique (RIC) is a strand of political realism recently developed in response to concerns that realism is biased toward the status quo. RIC aims to debunk an individual's belief that a social institution is legitimate by revealing that the belief is caused by that very same institution. Despite its growing prominence, RIC has received little critical attention. In this article, I
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Fish as fellow creatures—A matter of moral attention European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Hannah Winther, Bjørn Myskja
Up against capacity-based approaches to animal ethics, Cora Diamond has put the idea of animals as our fellow creatures. The aim of this article is to explore the implications of this concept for our treatment of fish. Fish have traditionally been placed at the borders or even outside of the moral community, although there is growing evidence that they have perceptual and social capacities comparable
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Joint action and spontaneity European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Alexander Leferman
This paper poses a challenge to theories of joint action. In addition to the typical requirement of explaining how agents count as acting together as opposed to acting in parallel or independently—the togetherness requirement—it is argued that theories must explain how agents can be spontaneously joined such that they can act together spontaneously—the spontaneity requirement. To be spontaneously joined
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We and us: The power of the third for the first-person plural European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Tris Hedges
Phenomenological discussions of sociality have long been concerned with the relations between the I, the You, and the We. Recently, dialogue between phenomenology and analytic philosophical work on collective intentionality has given rise to a corpus of literature oriented around the first-person plural “we.” In this paper, I demonstrate how these dominant accounts of the “we” are not exhaustive of
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Cassirer's concept of a symbolic form reconsidered European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Guido Kreis
In the first two sections of the following remarks, I will establish a working definition of Cassirer's concept of a symbolic form. Symbolic forms are primarily forms of expression (1). Furthermore, they must be conceived as forms of world-disclosure and forms of mind and spirit (2). Finally, I will highlight the key elements of Cassirer's analysis of the practical dimension of symbolic forms (3).
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On the eve of the “Philosophy of Symbolic Forms”: Cassirer and Hegel European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Massimo Ferrari
This paper aims at focusing on Cassirer's relationship with Hegel during the crucial period when Cassirer is outlining and completing the Philosophy of Symbolic Forms in the early 1920s. The main thesis is that Cassirer has never abandoned his original Neo-Kantian approach, despite the fact that it has been enriched within the perspective of a philosophy of culture indebted to some extent also to Hegel's
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Presentations and evaluations: A new look at Husserl's distinction between objectifying and non-objectifying acts European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Andrea Sebastiano Staiti
In this paper, I take a fresh look at Husserl's key distinction between objectifying and non-objectifying acts, which roughly amounts to a distinction between presentational and evaluative experiences. My goal is to provide a clear and unified reconstruction of Husserl's argument for the thesis that non-objectifying acts are necessarily founded in objectifying acts, a thesis that is highly controversial
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The critical limits of phenomenology: Husserlian phenomenology as a modest metaphysics of appearance European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Emiliano Diaz
Although Husserlian phenomenology appears to require that practitioners bracket all metaphysical questions and claims, this requirement runs against the evidence of experience in which objects themselves are presented as constituents of experience. Moreover, to completely bracket metaphysical considerations would suggest that phenomenology is compatible with metaphysical views it should in principle
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The metaphysics science needs: Deleuze's naturalism European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-11-07 George Webster
This article is aimed at those interested in the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and the sciences—and this includes philosophers of science working out of the analytic tradition. Deleuze's writings are riddled with references to science and mathematics. And yet, the relation between these references and his philosophical thought is not well understood. In this essay, I investigate the nature of this relation—and
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Plurigenealogies: Marriage and address to women in Foucault's Confessions of the Flesh European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Penelope Deutscher
How does the publication of Confessions of the Flesh impact feminist critique of Foucault's History of Sexuality project? The paper addresses this question in two ways: by asking how reflection on continuities and ruptures has, and can, be productive for feminist critique; and by revisiting the role of women in all four volumes. The terms of their inclusion have been considered an omission, particularly
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Sex, truth, and law: Rereading Foucault's History of Sexuality after volume 4, The Confessions of the Flesh European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Tuomo Tiisala
1 INTRODUCTION Foucault's historical studies were motivated by problems he identified in the present and there is no reason to think that History of Sexuality is different in this regard.1 But that raises a question no reader of The Confessions of the Flesh can escape: How is a scholarly 426-page treatise on the Church Fathers relevant to the contemporary world, or, at least, to concerns that emerged
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Hello darkness my old friend: What is wrong with being friends with people with immoral beliefs? European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Jake Wagner
Many persons find it intuitive that being friends with someone with immoral beliefs is wrong as such. I contest this claim, instead I argue that there is nothing necessarily wrong with such friendships. In coming to this conclusion I examine a number of arguments, including two of the most notable contributions put forward by Mason (2021) and Isserow (2018), that attempt to elucidate the wrongness
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Critical Idealism as Method: Ernst Cassirer and the Philosophy of Symbolic Forms European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-10-02 Esther Oluffa Pedersen
To commemorate the centenary of Ernst Cassirer's Philosophy of Symbolic Forms this essay focuses on how Cassirer in the development of a distinctive philosophical method analyzed the newest development within philosophy and science. Discussing Einstein's theory of relativity and Russell's formal logic Cassirer found tools to expand the critique of reason into a critique of culture. The course of argumentation
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Carnap and the a priori European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Benjamin Marschall
What are Carnap's views on the epistemology of mathematics? Did he believe in a priori justification, and if so, what is his account of it? One might think that such questions are misguided, since in the 1930s Carnap came to reject traditional epistemology as a confused mixture of logic and psychology. But things are not that simple. Drawing on recent work by Richardson and Uebel, I will show that
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Veridiction and juridiction in Confessions of the Flesh European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Niki Kasumi Clements
In an archived draft at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Foucault describes two questions haunting him since 1963: “Why are we obliged to tell the truth about ourselves? Which truth?” Foucault poses these two questions in 1980 in drafts for his lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, and I see in these two questions two argumentative threads that weave through Foucault's changing History
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Perception, force, and content European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-16 Dominic Gregory
Perceptual experiences have presentational phenomenology: we seem to encounter real situations in the course of visual experiences, for instance. The current paper articulates and defends the claim that the contents of at least some perceptual experiences are inherently presentational. On this view, perceptual contents are not always forceless in the way that, say, the propositional content that 2 + 2 = 4
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“The compound mass we term SELF”: Mary Shepherd on selfhood and the difference between mind and self European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Manuel Fasko
In this paper, I argue for a novel interpretation of Shepherd's notion of selfhood. In distinction to Deborah Boyle's interpretation, I contend that Shepherd differentiates between the mind and the self. The latter, for Shepherd, is an effect arising from causal interactions between mind and body—specifically those interactions that give rise to our present stream of consciousness, our memories, and
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Bernard Williams on the guise of the good European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Francesco Orsi
The guise of the good is the thesis that an agent can only want, or intentionally do or pursue something, if and because this seems good to the agent in some respect or other. Bernard Williams criticizes the guise of the good in Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. In this paper I reconstruct and assess his hitherto unnoticed critical remarks. Williams's opposition is based on the idea that it takes
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Kant's missing analytic of artistic beauty European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Aviv Reiter, Ido Geiger
The Analytic of the Beautiful in Kant's Critique of Aesthetic Judgment is a text of unparalleled importance in the history of philosophical aesthetics. Its main claims are adopted by some and rejected by others. A significant number of responses, of both kinds, take the Analytic to apply to all experiences of beauty—most notably, to the beauty of both nature and fine art. Our principal claim is that
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Sartre and Frankfurt: Bad faith as evidence for three levels of volitional consciousness European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-21 John J. Davenport
This essay argues for a new conception of bad faith based partly on Harry Frankfurt's famous account of personal autonomy in terms of higher-order volitions and caring, and based partly on Sartre's insights concerning tacit or pre-thetic attitudes and “transcendent” freedom. Although Sartre and Frankfurt have rarely been connected, Frankfurt's concepts of volitional “wantonness” and “bullshit” (wantonness
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Erratum to “The shaken realist: Bernard Williams, the war, and philosophy as cultural critique” European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-21
In Krishnan and Queloz (2023), one endnote was missing. In the main text, endnote 31 has been corrected to be placed right after the text “I want to maintain that it can” and all subsequent endnote pointers in the main text have been increased by one. The correct version is now presented here https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejop.12794. We apologize for this error.
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Schelling on freedom, evil and imputation: A puzzle European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Robert Stern
This paper is focused on F. W. J. Schelling's view of freedom during the period of the Freiheitsschrift (1809) and related works. It is argued that the standard way this has been understood may be too simplistic. On this standard interpretation of his view, evil is made a matter of free choice by the agent, but where the choice does not concern individual actions, but the choice of the agent's essence
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Sartre, Kant, and the spontaneity of mind European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Dimitris Apostolopoulos
I argue that Sartre's Transcendence of the Ego draws on Kant's theory of spontaneity to articulate its metaphysical account of consciousness's mode of being, to defend its phenomenological description of the intentional structure of self-consciousness, and to diagnose the errors that motivate views of consciousness qua person or substance. In addition to highlighting an overlooked dimension of Sartre's
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Kierkegaard on belief and credence European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Z Quanbeck
Kierkegaard's pseudonym Johannes Climacus famously defines faith as a risky “venture” that requires “holding fast” to “objective uncertainty.” Yet puzzlingly, he emphasizes that faith requires resolute conviction and certainty. Moreover, Climacus claims that all beliefs about contingent propositions about the external world “exclude doubt” and “nullify uncertainty,” but also that uncertainty is “continually
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The sting of negativity: Irad Kimhi and Michael Della Rocca on the Parmenidean challenge European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Anton Friedrich Koch
Irad Kimhi considers the conundrum, first addressed by Parmenides, of how negative facts can be the case and be thought, to be the puzzle that philosophy has been working to solve since Plato and Aristotle and wants to do his part by criticizing Frege's dissociation of sense and force and developing a more Aristotelian account of judgment. Michael Della Rocca considers the conundrum a hopeless aporia
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Basic equality: A Hegelian resolution European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Jonny Thakkar
Contemporary political philosophers often take for granted that for political purposes all humans are to be considered of equal worth. The difficulty, as Bernard Williams observed, is to find an interpretation of this claim that does not collapse into absurdity or triviality. I show that the principal attempts to solve this problem all beg the question against an Aristotelian proponent of natural hierarchy
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Stigma: The Shaming Model European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-07-03 Euan Allison
According to a dominant view of stigma, a person is stigmatized within a community if sufficiently many people within that community hold a bad view of her. I call this the ‘Bad View Model’. In this paper, I argue against the Bad View Model on the grounds that such beliefs are neither necessary nor sufficient for stigma, and that the account cannot explain the distinctive phenomenology of stigma, including
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Ressentiment and power: On Reginster's The Will to Nothingness European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-27 R. Jay Wallace
A critical discussion of Bernard Reginster's book The Will to Nothingness. The contribution engages with Reginster's interpretation of Nietzschean ressentiment, arguing that it is an essentially interpersonal attitude in two different senses. It is a response to a social situation of structural deprivation, and it involves an element of antagonism toward those who are better off within this social
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On the self-undermining functionality critique of morality European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Matthieu Queloz
Nietzsche's injunction to examine “the value of values” can be heard in a pragmatic key, as inviting us to consider not whether certain values are true, but what they do for us. This oddly neglected pragmatic approach to Nietzsche now receives authoritative support from Bernard Reginster's new book, which offers a compelling and notably cohesive interpretation of Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality
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Nietzsche and “we knowers”: Comments on Reginster's The Will to Nothingness European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Claire Kirwin
Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality is strikingly book-ended by the theme of knowledge-seeking: the Preface opens with the ominous claim that “[w]e are unknown to ourselves, we knowers”, and the Third Essay's climax is the assertion that scientific, scholarly activity does not stand in opposition to the ascetic ideal but is instead only that ideal's most recent and insidious instantiation. This
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Replies to Wallace, Queloz, and Kirwin European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Bernard Reginster
In this article, I reply to the comments offered by R. Jay Wallace, Matthieu Queloz, and Claire Kirwin on my book, The Will to Nothingness. An Essay on Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morality (OUP, 2021). These comments and my replies cover central features of the book, including my analysis of ressentiment as an expression of the will to power; the concept of self-undermining functionality I introduce to
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The architectonic of Foucault's critique European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-25 Daniele Lorenzini, Tuomo Tiisala
This paper presents a new interpretation of Michel Foucault's critical project. It is well known that Foucault's genealogical critique does not focus on issues of justification, but instead tackles “aspectival captivity,” that is, apparently inevitable limits of thought that constrain the subject's freedom but that, in fact, can be transformed. However, it has not been recognized that, according to
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The harm of humiliation European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-25 James Laing
My aim in this paper is to show that the natural idea that humiliation is harmful calls explanation and to argue that the most straightforward ways of responding to this explanatory demand fall short in important ways. I end by considering a line of response which I take to be promising, which appeals to our need, as social animals, for interpersonal connection.
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Husserl, representationalism, and the theory of phenomenal intentionality European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Chang Liu
Representationalism is a philosophical position which reduces all phenomenal conscious states to intentional states. However, starting from the phenomenal consciousness, the phenomenal intentionality theory provides an explanation of all sorts of intentionality. Against Michael Shim's interpretation, I argue that, although Hussserl's phenomenology is certainly considered as an antipode of strong representationalism
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Is (self-)reflection a form of intentionality? Sartre's dilemma European Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Marco D. Dozzi
Sartre maintains that “all consciousness is consciousness of something.” Idiosyncratically, he also understands this “intentionality principle” to entail that what consciousness is “of” is necessarily distinct from it (or “outside of” it, or “transcendent to” it). Nonetheless, he also maintains that all consciousness is necessarily conscious of—or rather, “(of)”—itself in a non-intentional (in his