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Housing Scent, Containing Sensorium The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Elina Gertsman
This article focuses on two medieval besamim containers in order to tease out their multisensory potential that appealed to the viewer’s mind and body simultaneously. Intricate and complex in design, the containers evoked a broad range of visually charged associations. The tower form was used in a variety of medieval Jewish ritual objects, appearing in wedding rings, Hanukkah lamps, Torah arks and
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The Subject Behind the Object: The Language of Things in the Time of the Crusades The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Anne E. Lester
This paper takes as a starting point the slippage between bodies and things as an idea and moment to interrogate an epistemology accessible through materiality. I explore the methodology of materiality, suggesting that one of the major contributions of material studies is a renewed attention to the dynamics of materialism embedded in the objects themselves: those unnamed subjects who lie behind or
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Written in Stone: The Medieval Lives of Roman Sarcophagi in Saint-Maximin The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Romy Wyche
Roman sarcophagi are some of the most frequently reused objects from the Roman world: whether as spolia for new architectural projects or reused as tombs, as altars or even as flower pots. During the Middle Ages, however, a curious phenomenon emerged, that of the ‘reinvention’ of sarcophagi as tombs of saints. Starting in the eleventh century, a great number of sarcophagi were thought to have been
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The Rabbi Frain’s Be-longings, Spain 1492–93: Things and Theory, History and Fabulation The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Jean Morris
On the 31st of March 1492, the Catholic monarchs Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Aragon and Castile issued the Edict of Expulsion. The Edict ordered that Spain’s Jews depart from Spanish lands. Before his enforced migration to Portugal, Rabbi Frain of Burgos left a small collection of items with his friend Doña Isabel Osorio. In May 1493 a further royal decree ordered that all Jewish goods which
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The Sword of Roland in La Serenissima: Materiality and the Occult in Late Medieval Venice The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Michael A. Ryan
Among the many recipes contained within a fifteenth-century book of secrets housed in Venice’s Biblioteca Marciana, there is a singularly unique one that offers to create the ‘Sword of Roland the Paladin’. The recipe, supposedly learned from a necromancer from Bologna, would create a solution from a mélange of herbs and alchemical salts and would purportedly invest the blade with occult powers. This
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The Making of Polities in the Medieval Kingdom of Valencia, 1231–1419 The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Vicent Baydal
This article studies the development of the political system in the Kingdom of Valencia between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. It analyses the evolution of, and relations between, the general legal system, the royal government and administration and the main organs of power representing the political community of the kingdom. This case, which is supported by extraordinarily rich legislative
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Revisiting the Murder of the Jew Priscus in Sixth-Century Paris The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Ephraim Shoham-Steiner
The murder of Priscus the Jew seems to be one of the earliest documented episodes of murder involving Jews in the European Middle Ages. The incident, described by Gregory of Tours (Gregorius Turonensis) in his great work, Decem Libri Historiarum (Ten Books of Histories) involves the murder of the Jew Priscus at the hands of Phatir, his former coreligionist and new convert to Christianity, which occurred
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Introduction: Materiality and Methodology: Ways of Knowing and Narrating The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Anne E. Lester
Over the past 20 years, a renewed interest in material culture, materialism and materiality has shaped the practice of history in new ways moving the discipline ‘beyond words’ to consider the worlds within things. Attention to the dynamics of materials and production has expanded ways of knowing the past and begun to reshape the kinds of narratives that historians craft. Objects and things can be said
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Perso-Sanskrit Narratives of the Mughal’s Tasḵẖīr-i-kashmir: Phased Opening, Ecology and Literary Strategies The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Shakir ul Hassan
This study explores the Mughal conquest of Kashmir (tasḵẖīr-i-kashmīr) through the region’s phased openings rather than a singular watershed event signalling either a climactic loss of independence or ushering in a golden age. Before 1585–89, there were two decades of patronage, diplomacy, and a steady breaching of the valley’s defences. When Mughal dominion was established, sections of the local aristocracy
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Indo-Islamicate Perfumes in Early Modern India: Textualisation, Transmissions and Assimilations The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Amrita Chattopadhyay
This article brings to focus the material life of early modern perfumes in the Indian subcontinent. It offers a ‘documentary archaeology’ by foregrounding texts that recorded perfumes in their stage of production and preparation. By studying a corpus of this, it presents perfumes as a locale where craft, technology and labour interacted with each other in blending scientific knowledge with natural
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Book review: Audrey Truschke, The Language of History: Sanskrit Narratives of Indo-Muslim Rule The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Michael Boris Bednar
Audrey Truschke, The Language of History: Sanskrit Narratives of Indo-Muslim Rule. New York: Columbia University Press, 2021, pp. 351. ISBN: 978-0-231-19705-2 (Paperback).
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A New Focus on Cityscapes in Late Medieval German Literature: Rudolf von Ems and Heinrich Kaufringer The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Albrecht Classen
Historians have studied the medieval city from many different perspectives already, and even literary historians have endeavoured to identify the evidence in fictional texts pertaining to urban spa...
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Revisiting the Mirzanama: Class Consciousness and the Mughal Middle Classes The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Riya Gupta
Drawing on earlier scholarship that argues for the existence of the middle classes in the Mughal Indian society, this article aims to render their sociocultural history more visible through a re-ex...
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Depreciation of Military Service Costs in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries in Central-Eastern Europe The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Karol Lopatecki, Aleksander Boldyrew
The article presents the depreciation of soldiers’ equipment in the fifteenth–sixteenth centuries in Central-Eastern Europe based on the data from a dedicated financial institution existing in the ...
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Reason vs. Religion in Medieval India: Mainly from Evidence in Persian The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Irfan Habib
The pursuit of reason may be defined as the drawing of logical deductions from a study of actual phenomena, and thus be essentially confined to the results gained from access to the various branche...
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Book review: Lorenz Böninger, Niccolò di Lorenzo della Magna and the Social World of Florentine Printing, ca. 1470–1493 The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Paul M. Dover
Lorenz Böninger, Niccolò di Lorenzo della Magna and the Social World of Florentine Printing, ca. 1470–1493. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021, pp. 209. ISBN: 9780674251137.
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Writing on the Wall: Chronicles Written for Public Display at St Paul’s Cathedral, London The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 David Mason
Not all chronicles were written in books. This article examines a widespread alternative, the tablet (table, tabula), which was a display board typically made of wood and parchment. They were once ...
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The Overland Route Between Bild Al-hm and Istanbul During the Ottoman Era: Evidence from Arabic Travelogues The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Almahdi Alrawadieh
Drawing on Arabic travelogues, this study traces the overland routes that were used by travellers between Bilād Al-S̲hām and Istanbul during the Ottoman era. The study also identifies the key towns...
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Book review: Farhat Hasan, Paper, Performance, and the State: Social Change and Political Culture in Mughal India The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Dipanjan Mazumder
Farhat Hasan, Paper, Performance, and the State: Social Change and Political Culture in Mughal India. Cambridge University Press, 2021, pp. 155. ISBN: 9781009025256.
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Celebrating Emotion: A Study of Rasa in Qutban Suhravardi’s Mirigavati or The Magic Doe The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Ishita Verma, Nirban Manna
Sufism began as a movement in Indian literature during the medieval period. It was during this period that a number of Sufi poets began writing in the vernacular and a new genre known as the ‘Prema...
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From Yu–suf al-Bas.r to Judah Halevi: The Sadduceean Myth of the Origins of Karaism in Medieval Rabbanite Sources Revisited The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Marzena Zawanowska
Two main historiographic motifs invented in the Middle Ages have dominated all later Jewish historical reconstructions of the origins of Karaism. One connects it with the activity of ‘Anan ben Davi...
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Why Can’t We Be Friends? John of Salisbury, Thomas Becket and the Discourse of Amicitia The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Cary J. Nederman
There has been an almost universal tendency to treat Thomas Becket as a personal—even close and intimate—friend of John of Salisbury, based on their decades-long association. Evidence for this posi...
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Book review: Guido Ruggiero, Love and Sex in the Time of Plague: A Decameron Renaissance The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Katherine McKenna
Guido Ruggiero, Love and Sex in the Time of Plague: A Decameron Renaissance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2021, 320 pp. ISBN: 9780674257825.
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Book review: Jyoti Gulati Balachandran, Narrative Pasts: The Making of a Muslim Community in Gujarat, c. 1400-1650 The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Sebastian R. Prange
Jyoti Gulati Balachandran, Narrative Pasts: The Making of a Muslim Community in Gujarat, c. 1400-1650. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 248. ISBN: 9780190123994 (Hardcover).
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Book review: Arvind Thomas, Piers Plowman and the Reinvention of Church Law in the Late Middle Ages The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Cullen G. McKenney
Arvind Thomas, Piers Plowman and the Reinvention of Church Law in the Late Middle Ages. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2019, pp. ix + 261. ISBN: 148750246X9781487502461.
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The Christian Military Colonies in Medieval Ethiopia: The Chewa System The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Ayele Tariku
From the reign of King Yekuno-Amlak (r. 1270–85) to that of Emperor Tewodros II (r. 1855–68), the army of Ethiopia, one of the East African counties, was divided into two major categories: The firs...
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Book review: John Christopoulos, Abortion in Early Modern Italy The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-30 Megan Moran
John Christopoulos, Abortion in Early Modern Italy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2021, 360 pp. ISBN: 978-0674248090
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Thirteenth MHJ Annual Lecture The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31
The text of the thirteenth Medieval History Journal Lecture by Professor Sylvia Sellers-García of the Boston College, USA is published here. We at the MHJ take this opportunity to thank Professor Sellers-García for graciously accepting our invitation to deliver this lecture. Due to the pandemic, the lecture was delivered online. We thank SAGE for helping us with the infrastructure for the virtual mode
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The Textual Representation of Kingship and Authority in the Chandimangal of Mukunda Chakroborty The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Aniket Tathagata Chettry
One of the most popular Mangalkavyas of Bengal was the Chandimangal of Mukunda Chakraborty. This article examines the ideas of kingship that were articulated in this text. Mukunda’s fictitious prot...
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Analysis of the Dome-Chamber’s Openness in Persian Historical Mosques The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Akram Hosseini, Shiva Ghazizadeh
The dome, one of the most stable forms of roof coatings, has passed many of its evolution stages in the dome-chambers of Iranian mosques. From the Seljuk era, when the first dome-chambers were seen...
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War and the Non-Elite: Towards a People’s History of the Mughal Empire The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Pratyay Nath
The historiography of the Mughal Empire has gone through many twists and turns since its inception. Significant shifts in terms of methodologies and arguments notwithstanding, a certain elitism has...
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Sedom’s Subjects: Sodomy and Urban Politics in the Late Medieval Kingdom of Castile The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Jesús Ángel Solórzano-Telechea
The aim of this article is to analyse the significance of the legal discourses and the urban practices against female and male sodomy for the governance in the Late Medieval Kingdom of Castile. The...
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Book review: Irfan Habib and Tarapada Mukherjee, Braj Bhūm in Mughal Times: The State, Peasants and Gosā’ins The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Harbans Mukhia
Irfan Habib and Tarapada Mukherjee, Braj Bhūm in Mughal Times: The State, Peasants and Gosā’ins. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2020, pp. xii + 286. ISBN: 978-93-89850-22-2.
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Book review: Adriano Prosperi, Crime and Forgiveness: Christianizing Execution in Medieval Europe The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Ken Pennington
Adriano Prosperi, Crime and Forgiveness: Christianizing Execution in Medieval Europe. Translated by Jeremy Carden. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020, pp. xiii + 621, IS...
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A Hidden Plague: Violence and Public Health in Colonial Guatemala City The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Sylvia Sellers-García
How do colonial scribal practices and archival practices shape our understanding of the past? Logbooks from the San Juan de Dios Hospital in colonial Guatemala showcase both the potential and the c...
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Book review: Suraj Bhan Bhardwaj, State and Peasant Society in Medieval North India: Essays on Changing Contours of Mewat The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Ranjeeta Dutta
Suraj Bhan Bhardwaj, State and Peasant Society in Medieval North India: Essays on Changing Contours of Mewat. Delhi: Primus Books, 2019, pp. 220. ISBN:978-93-86552-23-5 (Hardback)
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Book review: Elizabeth A. Lambourn, Abraham’s Luggage: A Social Life of Things in the Medieval Indian Ocean World The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Anwesha Das
Elizabeth A. Lambourn, Abraham’s Luggage: A Social Life of Things in the Medieval Indian Ocean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, pp. 301. ISBN: 978-1-316-62627-6 (Paperback).
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Book review: Cameron A. Petrie (with contributions by P. Magee, F. Khan, J. R. Knox and K. D. Thomas), Resistance at the Edge of Empires: The Archaeology and History of the Bannu Basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200 The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Jaya Menon
Cameron A. Petrie (with contributions by P. Magee, F. Khan, J. R. Knox and K. D. Thomas), Resistance at the Edge of Empires: The Archaeology and History of the Bannu Basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200. Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2021, pp. i–xxviii, 508. ISBN: 978-1-78570-303-4.
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Book review: Alfredo González-Ruibal, An Archaeology of Resistance: Materiality and Time in an African Borderland The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Erin P Riggs
Alfredo González-Ruibal, An Archaeology of Resistance: Materiality and Time in an African Borderland. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2014, pp. 381. ISBN: 978-1-4422-3090-3.
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Book review: Richard M. Eaton and Phillip B. Wagoner, Power, Memory, Architecture: Contested Sites on India’s Deccan Plateau The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Shobhna Iyer
Richard M. Eaton and Phillip B. Wagoner, Power, Memory, Architecture: Contested Sites on India’s Deccan Plateau. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017, Paperback, 422 pp. ISBN: 9780199477692
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The City as Fac¸ade in Velha Goa: Recognising Enduring Forms of Urbanism in the Early Modern Konkan The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Brian C. Wilson
What do we know of early modern colonial urbanisms in South Asia? Rich archival sources provide meta-narratives of the ‘rise and fall’ of colonial outposts and their spatial projects. This article revisits these histories through the results of an archaeological project conducted at Portuguese Goa. In settings such as Velha Goa, histories of the city are unavoidably structured by elite, top-down understandings
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Matter of Time: Ceramics and Historicity in Medieval South India The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Mannat Johal
This article examines how people formed and negotiated relations to time in routine engagements with materials and places in medieval South India. Questions of history and memory, which have become central to our understanding of precolonial Indian social and political practices, are frequently considered in relation to courtly epigraphical and textual production or monumental building projects. Positing
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Ephemeral Traces: Archaeology of a Medieval Rural Settlement The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Supriya Varma, Jaya Menon, Deepak Nair
For a considerable span of human history, following the adoption of agricultural economies but prior to the emergence of settlements that we label as ‘urban’, small permanent communities or ‘villages’ were the main types of settlements, as also were places intermittently occupied by mobile, nomadic groups. The context of these, however, differed from those small or rural settlements that existed within
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Politics Beyond Imperial Cores: Spatial Production in the Peripheries of Medieval South India The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Eduard Fanthome
Current scholarship on medieval South India has developed a comprehensive account of the ways in which political claims were constituted by dynasts and their subordinates in a range of contexts, from imperial courts to provinces. It has elaborated the modalities of political claim-making through instantiations of politico-cultural traditions or ‘cosmopolises’, and the integrative processes and social
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Archaeological Context and Archival Content: Historical Archaeology and Medieval Period Donative Practices on the Raichur Doab, Southern India The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Andrew M. Bauer
Definitions of ‘historical archaeology’ frequently imply the use of documentary sources to contextualise the archaeological record and aid interpretation of its content. In this article, I underscore the importance of a complementary process of using the archaeological record to enrich interpretations of epigraphical sources from the medieval Deccan. Going beyond others’ critical calls to evaluate
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Ever the Handmaid? A Consideration of What a Medieval Archaeology in South Asia Might Be The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Jason D. Hawkes
This article shifts discussion of the medieval in South Asia away from conversations about ‘what’ took place towards ‘how’ it is studied. Following a brief review of what defines the South Asian medieval, this article starts with the premise that the entire period has not been studied archaeologically and that there is a great deal of potential in doing so. This potential is explored with reference
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Agro-Pastoralism, Archaeology and Religious Landscapes in Early Medieval South India The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Hemanth Kadambi
Agro-pastoralism has been an important economic subsistence among diverse communities in the semi-arid climate and dry-deciduous ecology of the Deccan for the last four millennia. Recent research that looks at the entanglements of human-animal-environment relations in South Asian archaeology and history have highlighted the complex histories that prompt a reconsideration of the contexts within which
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Between Archaeography and Historiography: Unsettling the Medieval? The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Mudit Trivedi
Do archaeology and history refer to the same real past? Their relationship has been understood primarily as epistemic, as one of the distinct techniques for knowing different aspects or epochs of the past. When archaeologies of more familiar, historical, medieval pasts are conducted, why do these accounts enthusiastically find and lose, provoke and distress, their specialist kin; or why do historiography
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Climatic Variation and Society in Medieval South Asia: Unexplored Threads of History and Archaeology of Mandu The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Anne Casile
Instabilities of the monsoon climate system, along with alternating periods of severe dryness and wetness, are known to have punctuated and disrupted the lives of peoples and institutions across Asia during medieval times. As far as India is concerned, the topic has attracted little attention from historians and archaeologists. Did climatic variations play a determining role in societal changes in
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Introduction: Archaeologies of the Medieval The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Mudit Trivedi, Hemanth Kadambi, Supriya Varma
Archaeologists and Historians come to relate anew over the medieval, bringing their distinct insights into these pasts, opening different questions. Archaeology has long been ‘at home’, in the Ancient, especially in South Asia; and obversely, Historiography frames material medieval pasts fulsomely. Both these attachments render uncanny the idea of an archaeology of the medieval. And yet, the extensive
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Water, Source of ‘Genesis’ and the End Macro and Micro Viṣṇu in the Hymns of the Āḻvārs The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 R. K. K. Rajarajan
The pañcabhūtas convoked are pṛthvi ‘earth’, ap ‘water’, tejas ‘fire’, vāyu ‘air or wind’ and ākāśa ‘ether’. They are the five elements of nature in Hindu mythology. These are considered the abstractions of Viṣṇu (Figures 1–3, 6 and 10), Śiva (Figure 11) or Dēvī (Figures 7 and 15) as the case may be. Most virile among the five are ‘water’ and ‘fire’, the symbols of creation and destruction. Water from
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Book review: Sabita Singh, The Politics of Marriage in Medieval India: Gender and Alliance in Rajasthan The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Tanuja Kothiyal
Sabita Singh, The Politics of Marriage in Medieval India: Gender and Alliance in Rajasthan. New Delhi: OUP, 2019, pp. 291, ISBN: 019-949145-3.
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Book review: Vijaya Ramaswamy, ed., In Search of Vishwakarma: Mapping Indian Craft Histories The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Jaya Menon
Vijaya Ramaswamy, ed., In Search of Vishwakarma: Mapping Indian Craft Histories. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2019, pp. x + 282. ISBN: 978-93-5290-839-4.
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‘Malik Ambar ki Pipeline’: Reconstructing the Past Through Community Memories The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Yaaminey Mubayi
Situated in the arid heart of the Deccan, Daulatabad has been the centre of historic settlements dating back to the first millennium ad. Its geo-political significance lies in its location along sub-continental trade and pilgrimage routes, causing it to be named ‘Khadki’ or window to the south, a strategic position that prompted Mohammed bin Tughlaq to shift his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. However
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Embankments and Inundation in Bengal: An Early Colonial Transition The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Ujjayan Bhattacharya
In a tropical monsoon country like India, embankment construction is a particular kind of necessity, an obligation imposed by nature. It is a defence against depredation caused by the force of water for which collective action was necessary. What necessitated dams or dykes to be built was the seasonal volatility of the rivers, especially the Ganges or Brahmaputra, which were significant because of
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Book review: Pankaj Jha, A Political History of Literature: Vidyapati and the Fifteenth Century The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Tyler Williams
Pankaj Jha, A Political History of Literature: Vidyapati and the Fifteenth Century. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 304. ISBN: 9780199489558.
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A Rationality Immersed in Religiosity: Reason and Religiosity in Abu’l Fazl’s Oeuvre The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Harbans Mukhia
Abu’l Fazl is often invested with a dichotomy between reason and religion, grandly upholding the majesty of reason (mā’qūlāt) over received blind faith (taqlīd), drawing inspiration from varied sources but falling short of going the distance towards ‘scientific rationality’. Abu’l Fazl’s rationality had little in common with it; it was rooted in a new dichotomy he was constituting, one between universal
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Book Review: Suraiya Faroqhi, The Ottoman and Mughal Empires: Social History in the Early Modern World The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-03-11 Pratyay Nath
modern historiography (‘a rather recent historiographical fiction’ (p. 158), as it is styled here), as well as a dominant trope in the modern historical record, but this separation was an affective manoeuvre, a valorisation of a politics of masculinity conceived narrowly, to serve political interests conceived equally narrowly. It is an idea that still has political currency (see the unsupportable
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Making Sense of Temples and Tirthas: Rajput Construction Under Mughal Rule The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-03-11 Catherine B. Asher
This article examines temple construction under Mughal rule by significant Rajput rulers—some reluctant and some amenable—to accepting Mughal authority. During the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries high ranking Hindu nobles who easily found favour with the Mughal court built on both their ancestral lands and on crown lands, but those who accepted Mughal hegemony under duress had a more complicated
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Book Review: Damien Boquet and Piroska Nagy, Medieval Sensibilities: A History of Emotions in the Middle Ages The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2020-03-03 Rob Boddice