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Shrinking reconstruction space in the Gaza Strip: rebuilding after the 2021 and 2022 wars Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Sansom Milton, Ghassan Elkahlout, Saba Attallah
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the reconstruction efforts in the Gaza Strip following the 2021 and 2022 wars, placing these efforts in the context of previous reconstruction experi...
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Traditional authorities as both curse and cure: the politics of coping with violent extremism in Somalia Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Linnéa Gelot, Prabin B. Khadka
This paper explores community perceptions about traditional authorities’ roles during the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) of former combatants. We have selected the case of Soma...
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Government ideology and the implementation of civil war peace agreements Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Anurug Chakma
How does government ideology, measured by the ideology of the chief executive and the ideology of the largest government party, influence the implementation of civil war peace agreements? In this s...
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Intersubjective legitimacy and the failure of Kosovo’s authoritarian peace Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Isaac Grief
Legitimacy is traditionally the province of peacebuilding schools which pursue positive peace, but it is salient in illiberal contexts too. In this article I make the case that the concept of inter...
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Crime, conflict, and commodities: Peruvian piracy and the natural resource curse Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Richard Dally, Jenna A. Lamphere, Elizabeth Nyman
Over the last two decades, Peru has become a global piracy hotspot, eliciting surprise and concern among the international maritime community. Despite increased attention, Peru remains underexamine...
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Whose security? Whose justice? Customary authorities in security and justice interventions in the Horn of Africa Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Paul Jackson, Veronica Stratford-Tuke
An evolving body of literature calls for politically realistic security and justice interventions that reflect the plurality of norms, power and legitimacy in the security and justice arena. In thi...
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Development NGO responses to countering violent extremism and hate Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Anthony Ware, Leanne M. Kelly, Greg Barton
This paper surveys the state of knowledge regarding development and humanitarian non-government organisation (NGO) responses to preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE). As well as delin...
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Between rhetoric and reality: reclaiming the space for locally led peacebuilding that responds to conflict dynamics in violent and hateful extremism programming Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Ruth Simpson, Lucy Holdaway
This article sits within the wider discourse on the interplay of conflict, weak governance, corruption, socio-economic and political marginalisation, and human rights abuses by state and non-state ...
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Mitigating or exacerbating the root causes of violence?: critically analysing the role of USAID in terrorism prevention Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Nicole Nguyen
In 2009, a USAID-commissioned report examined the social, economic, and personal contexts that have incited political violence, such as military intervention, economic deprivation, the denial of ci...
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Sensible localisation – local peace committees’ role in preventing violent and hateful extremism Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Lilla Schumicky-Logan, Andre Alves Dos Reis
For the past two decades, international development agencies have supported establishing and developing Local Peace Committees (LPCs) in conflict-affected countries. These committees typically have...
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Intra-ethnic interaction across a militarised international border: evidence from the Eritrean-Ethiopian border zone Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Biyan Ghebreyesus Okubaghergis
This paper examines enforcement practices and intra-ethnic interactions and encounters across the international border between Eritrea and Ethiopia from 2000 to 2018, with a particular focus on the...
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‘Water Wars’: strategic implications of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Ron Matthews, Vlado Vivoda
The construction of Ethiopia’s Renaissance Dam is a fait accompli. By 2022, around 90 per cent of its construction had been completed, but only two of the 13 turbines were producing electricity, an...
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Touristic security: not a ‘win-win’ global security practice Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Sarah Becklake
Touristic security – the practice of securing tourists to sustain tourism – has become a highly pertinent and powerful global security practice. Many organisations, governments, industry stakeholde...
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Environmental drivers of maritime insecurity: governance, enforcement and resilience in the western Indian Ocean Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Robert McCabe
Despite evidence of the interconnections between the environment, security, and development in a maritime context, and the acute impact this relationship has on the human security of coastal popula...
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Enhancing the quality of P/CVE programming through robust application of theory of change Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Julian Brett
Recent literature highlights the value of applying theories of change in the design of projects and programmes preventing/countering violent extremism (P/CVE). Theories of change are tools that exp...
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Unpacking the hidden state via everyday stateness in Timor-Leste Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-07-12 Minji Yoo
This study aimed to discover the sphere of the everyday state by identifying images and practices related to people’s community life in Timor-Leste. This study argues that previous research on the ...
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The development, security, and defence nexus in Brazil Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho, Raphael C. Lima
ABSTRACT The relationship between security and development has been a longstanding issue in Brazil. Far before Western literature raised the topic in development circles, Brazilian elites had already viewed security and development as intertwined concepts, placing the military as a key agent in providing several public policies over the 20th century. Even after a 21-year-long military authoritarian
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The Role of NGOs in preventing violent extremism: what Mozambique can learn from Kenya and Nigeria Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Isel Ras (van Zyl)
Kenya and Nigeria have experienced insecurity caused by violent and hateful extremism (VHE) over the past decade following the expansion of Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab and relevant affiliations. In M...
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From counterinsurgency to law-and-order operations: an analysis of social civic actions implemented by the Brazilian Army Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Anaís Medeiros Passos
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the content of social civic actions (ACISO, ações cívico-sociais) in contemporary Brazil by placing the developmental role of the Brazilian Army into a historical perspective. I describe a history of implementing social civic actions in two moments: military regime (1964–1985) and democracy (1985-present). The research further describes the geographical dimension, target
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The political lives of ex-militant leaders in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Tarila Marclint Ebiede, Arnim Langer
This article analyzes the post-amnesty politics in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. We argue that ex-militant leaders have risen to become influential political and economic actors since the implement...
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Brazil in MINUSTAH: exporting a domestic understanding of civil-military relations to a UN peace operation Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho, Charlotte Bascaule
ABSTRACT Brazil led the military contingent of MINUSTAH during the 13 years of the mission and was also the largest contributor with troops for this mission. This paper argues that what has been described as the ‘Brazilian way’ of civil-military relations in that peacekeeping mission is illustrative of the Brazilian association between notions of security and development at home. The mandate for MINUSTAH
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Capturing the environment, security, and development nexus: intergovernmental and NGO programming during the climate crisis Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-05-30 Imogen Richards
While patterns of non-state political violence in the Global South have for two decades been associated with the chronic and acute impacts of ecological-environmental stress, violent and hateful ex...
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Preventing/countering violent and hateful extremism in Morocco and Tunisia – understanding the role of civil society and international assistance Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-05-30 Lydia Letsch
In light of the growing threat of violent and hateful extremism in North Africa, the international donor community has recently shifted its focus of attention towards civil society organisations (C...
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International and local NGOs addressing violent and hateful extremism in Kenya Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-05-24 Fathima Azmiya Badurdeen
A string of terror attacks in Kenya in the late 2000s necessitated robust counter terrorism responses by the Government. The Washington-led countering violent extremism strategy in 2011 came as a s...
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Preventing violent and hateful extremism: comparing the experiences of domestic Swedish and international humanitarian-development NGOs Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Malin Eklund Wimelius
In Sweden, local authorities are encouraged to cooperate with civil society to promote resilience to violent extremism. However, some (mostly Muslim) organisations are approached with suspicion and...
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When defence drives foreign policy: Brazilian military agency in the revitalisation of the ZOPACAS Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Maísa Edwards
ABSTRACT The Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic (ZOPACAS) is a maritime zone of peace that was established, largely through Brazilian efforts, by the UN General Assembly in 1986. Since its establishment, ministerial meetings have been convened to discuss the zone’s evolving agenda, which has focused on maintaining peace, building diplomatic and defence cooperation between its twenty-four
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Shaping the security-development nexus in Brazil: the military as a modernising and nation-building actor? Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho, Raphael C. Lima
ABSTRACT Since the end of the Cold War, the topic of military role expansion has become commonplace in the literature. Military deployments in humanitarian crises, disaster relief, border patrol, policing, counterterrorism, stability operations, and state-building played a key role in new doctrine and organisational changes. Yet, this global trend towards role expansion met a very distinct context
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Two sides of a coin? The security-development nexus in Brazilian diplomacy and military Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-04-24 Felipe Estre
ABSTRACT The military and diplomacy would be two sides of a coin, two means of following the national interest. Regarding the security-development nexus, that should not be different: soldiers and diplomats are subordinate to the governments to which they respond. This article aims to compare how the nexus is articulated by Brazilian diplomacy and armed forces in official speeches and documents. The
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Improving famine early warning systems: a conflict-sensitive approach Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-03-20 Alba Linares Quero, Carlos Pérez Alonso de Armiño, Manuel Sánchez Montero
ABSTRACT The existing information mechanisms on food insecurity are not ‘conflict sensitive’, that is, they do not sufficiently incorporate the causal relation between conflict and hunger. This generates a lack of detailed information in this respect, which hinders implementation of Security Council Resolution 2417. It is therefore necessary to advance towards an early warning system that considers
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‘2011 unshackled the space’: spatial analysis of diverging youth political agency in the Syrian conflict Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-03-20 Sarah Anne Rennick
ABSTRACT Despite the passing in 2015 of UNSCR 2250 on Youth, Peace, and Security, the study of young people’s political agency in conflict, and the possibilities for empowerment and transformative change, remains sparse. This article investigates generative processes of youth political agency in the Syrian war since 2011 and under what conditions conflict has politically empowered/disempowered youth
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Pakistani Hazara Shia victims: challenges, survival techniques, and protective needs Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-03-06 Sara Rizvi Jafree, Nudra Malik, Amna Khawar
ABSTRACT News reports frequently convey acts of violence against Hazara Shias in Pakistan, but there is limited empirical scholarship about lived experiences of the community. To contribute to the knowledge in this field, interviews with Pakistani Hazara Shia victims, who have also lost immediate family members to violence, were conducted. Interviews with thirteen participants took place between February
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Hybrid security governance in Liberia in the aftermath of UN intervention Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Mariam Bjarnesen
ABSTRACT What can we expect in terms of security governance in targeted states as international peacebuilding interventions and security sector reform ends? Can we assume that years of reform and capacity building will result in formal security institutions whose function alone can explain stability or instability, sustainable peace or relapses into violence, or even war? In 2018, the United Nations
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Rebel oil regimes and economic governance: the case of the Houthis in Yemen Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-12-23 Ariel I. Ahram
ABSTRACT Most studies on oil and rebellion focus on the physical competition to control sites of resource production such as fields, refineries and export terminals. Issues of ownership are tertiary, even derisory. This paper takes issues of ownership seriously, detailing how rebel groups make legal claims to ownership of state-controlled oil assets. Rebel oil regimes are embedded in broader forms
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Gender and development in post-conflict Swat, Pakistan: a critical analysis of NGO approaches used in development projects Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-12-23 Abda Khalid, Bahadar Nawab, Shakirullah Dawar
ABSTRACT The concept of ‘gender and development’ is still marginalised and misunderstood. After the armed conflict (2005–2009) and floods (2010) which struck the Swat Valley, Pakistan there was an influx of development organisations into the area. These organisations introduced projects focusing on both men and women, with the intention of assisting them according to their needs and pursuing the higher
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Youth inclusion in peace processes: the case of the Bangsamoro transition authority in Mindanao, Philippines Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-12-07 Primitivo III Cabanes Ragandang, Sukanya Podder
ABSTRACT Drawing on the post-accord case of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority (BTA) in the region of Muslim Mindanao, this research examines how far youth’s vertical integration in formal political institutions is influenced by both structural association and youth’s agential capacity. While association with the formal structural elements enables elite youth’s entry into the formal space, the latter’s
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The art of plurality: participation, voice, and plural memories of community peace Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-10-28 Benjamin Thorne
ABSTRACT This article’s central focus is on exploring the interplays between plurality and methodological approaches in peace research, through engaging with insights from arts methods and participatory action research (PAR). Specifically, engaging with these insights suggests that they have significant potential to aid plural dialogue, intergenerational memory, and young people’s active participation
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The possibilities of studying affect to illuminate women’s contributions to peace Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-10-28 Mollie Pepper
ABSTRACT It has become widely acknowledged by scholars and practitioners that women’s participation in peace-building is essential to building sustainable, inclusive peace. The question remains, however, what is ‘women’s participation’ in practical terms? What does it look like? What does it feel like? Following feminist scholarship that has argued for attention to the politics of emotion in International
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Pluralism, temporality and affect – methodological challenges of making peace researchable Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-10-27 Johanna Söderström, Elisabeth Olivius
ABSTRACT Scholarly debates about how we conceptualise, theorise and measure peace have recently intensified, yet exactly how peace scholars translate these theoretical innovations into concrete methodological tools and practices is less clear. We argue that pluralism, temporality and the role of affect are three recent focal points in current scholarly debates that aim to further our conceptual understanding
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‘What is the benefit of this project?’ Representation and participation in research on conflict-affected youth Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-10-20 Jaremey R. McMullin
ABSTRACT This article deploys the language, narratives and proposed solutions of research participants to conceptualise peace research as a representational and relational process of recognition. To do so, it draws from a multi-year research project on the economic livelihood and social integration strategies of conflict-affected youth in Liberia’s commercial motorcycling sector. Its starting point
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‘We don’t have anything’: understanding the interaction between pastoralism and terrorism in Nigeria Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-09-29 Promise Frank Ejiofor
ABSTRACT Since 2011, the Sahel has been bedevilled by insecurity spawned by communal strife, social fragmentation, and religious extremism. Some of the security conundrums in the region are perpetrated by some pastoralists who have turned criminals and established strong ties with terrorist groups such as Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS), Islamic
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Affects, emotions and interaction: the methodological promise of video data analysis in peace research Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-09-27 Isabel Bramsen, Jonathan Luke Austin
ABSTRACT Methodologically, Peace Research has long been dominated by words, numbers, and sometimes images. This article suggests also integrating Video Data Analysis (VDA) into the analytical toolbox of Peace Research so as to explore the potential of the millions of videos of relevance for the study of peace and conflict that can be found online and beyond. The article introduces VDA and shows how
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Tracing temporal conflicts in transitional Myanmar: life history diagrams as methodological tool Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-09-23 Jenny Hedström, Elisabeth Olivius
ABSTRACT This article adds to the emerging ‘temporal turn’ in peace studies by addressing methodological questions about how temporality can be captured and explored in empirical studies. Developing our methodological tools for exploring time and temporality, we argue, is critical to move beyond the supposed linear temporality of peace processes, and make visible alternative temporal frameworks that
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Insurgent peace research: affects, friendship and feminism as methods Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Priscyll Anctil Avoine
ABSTRACT Affect and friendship change the way we think about research (epistemology) and conduct research (methodology). This article accounts for affect and friendship as feminist methods in peace research. It argues that affective feminist conversations, practices and actions through friendship can drastically modify how we think about peace. Based on fieldwork conducted in Colombia (2019 and 2022)
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Regional security complex: The Boko Haram menace and socio-economic development crises in the Sahel Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-09-15 Adeyemi Saheed Badewa
ABSTRACT Regional development and stability in many parts of the Global South is threatened by violent conflicts – deep-rooted in complex ‘geo-politico-economic challenges’. This reflects the causality of Boko Haram threats and security-development crises in the Sahel. To extrapolate the patterns of insecurity and their effects on peace and development in the region, a thematic analysis of empirical
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Creating space for agonism: making room for subalternised voices in peace research Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-09-15 Claske Dijkema
ABSTRACT How can researchers do more than ‘do no harm’ and have a positive impact in the contexts in which they intervene? These are classic questions of PAR, which also apply to peace research. How can research practice contribute to peace? There is an intimate relationship between power, violence and silence. Hence, working with subalternised voices, subject to epistemic violence, poses a methodological
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Explaining the failure of internationally-supported defence and security reforms in Sahelian states Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-07-19 Niagalé Bagayoko
ABSTRACT In response to the crisis in the Sahel, myriad programmes have been set up with the aim of improving the performance of the defence and security forces in the region. These programmes are often run or supported by international partners. Yet, as the security situation in the region worsens, questions have been raised about whether these programmes are relevant and effective. In this article
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Competitive statebuilding from the demand-side: counter-state services and civilian choice in Kosovo, 1989-1998 Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-06-27 Ian Madison
ABSTRACT Counter-state actors often supply services to foster civilian support. Yet little work explores the civilian ‘demand-side’ of this interaction. This paper examines how civilians navigated between overlapping state and counter-state services during a case of non-violent competitive statebuilding. Between 1989 and 1998, a Kosovar-Albanian ‘parallel state’ provided education, healthcare, and
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Violent peace: community relations in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in Bangladesh after the Peace Accord Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-06-24 Rafiqul Islam, Susanne Schech, Udoy Saikia
ABSTRACT The 1997 Peace Accord in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) promised to bring an end to decades of violence in the region. However, 25 years later, the region is still experiencing social conflict between indigenous Pahari people and Bengalis, who have migrated and settled in large numbers since the 1970s. This paper examines the reasons for the continuation of social conflict through a survey
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Between hope and expectation: understanding ordinary ex-combatant agency in Sierra Leone’s TRC Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-04-19 Sayra van den Berg
ABSTRACT This article empirically deepens understandings of the relationship between everyday ex-combatants and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone. It asks, what are the agentic implications of this victim-centred model of justice among its designated perpetrators (everyday or ordinary ex-combatants)? This article advances criticisms against the participatory limitations
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(Re)thinking homegrown peace mechanisms for the resolution of conflicts in Northern Ghana Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-04-07 Abdul Karim Issifu, Kaderi Noagah Bukari
ABSTRACT The protracted chieftaincy conflict in Dagbon in the Northern Region of Ghana was recently resolved through an interplay of formal and informal resolution mechanisms, where the latter dominated the peace-making process with home-grown peace mechanisms. In the past, the state through formal liberal peace mechanisms like the law courts, committees and commissions of inquiry, interventions by
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Does representation matter: examining officer inclusion, citizen cooperation and police empowerment in a divided society Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Daisy Muibu, Ifeoluwa Olawole
ABSTRACT How can we improve public confidence in the legitimacy of recently instituted police forces in a divided society affected by violent conflict? And can public perceptions of clan representation within the police force encourage public engagement with law enforcement? It is generally understood that public confidence in domestic security sector institutions is integral for stability and consolidation
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What structures ex-combatants’ political participation? Exploring the dynamics of identification and groupness in rebel-to-party transformations Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Eliane Giezendanner, Bert Ingelaere
ABSTRACT Academic literature on post-conflict peace-building and democratisation has established the important relevance of rebel-to-party transformations on the one hand, and of the political engagement of individual former combatants on the other hand. Yet, little is known about the interrelation between these two dimensions. This paper aims to address this knowledge gap, by proposing a framework
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Understanding the spatial variation of perceived threat outcomes in intergroup conflict: a case study of the ethnic and religious conflicts in Jos, Nigeria Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Surulola Eke
ABSTRACT In extant scholarship on intergroup conflict, perceived threat is portrayed as either positively linked with conflict occurrence or neutralizable by individuals’ internal psychological inhibitors, such as feelings about a past experience or encounter or pre-existing dovish disposition. Yet, conflict avoidance is possible even in the absence of such internal guardrails against destructive responses
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The power of non-violence: Silmiya & the Sudanese Revolution Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-03-08 Reem Awad
ABSTRACT This research explores the 2018 revolution in Sudan to assess the extent to which the adoption of non-violence led to a more successful revolution and set Sudan on a path of democratic governance. It investigates the revolution’s main slogan, Silmiya, coming from the Arabic word Salam meaning ‘peace’. Thus, the nature and function of non-violence as well as what motivates people to resort
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Moral hazard in Sudan’s ‘Two Areas’ – humanitarianism that perpetuates civil war Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-03-08 Alan J. Kuperman
ABSTRACT This article examines how the conflict since 2011 in Sudan’s ‘Two Areas’, the states of South Kordofan and Blue Nile, has been prolonged by a well-intentioned but counter-productive international response. The United States and other western countries, motivated by humanitarianism, imposed sanctions against Sudan’s regime and provided aid to rebel regions. This western response was fostered
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Sex trafficking and sex-for-food/money: terrorism and conflict-related sexual violence against men in the Lake Chad region Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-03-08 Emeka Thaddues Njoku, Joshua Akintayo, Idris Mohammed
ABSTRACT In understanding conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), the notion of how sexuality and sex are naturally linked to power is gaining traction in IR discourses. There is, however, little contextual or empirical evidence that accounts for the various forms of CRSV against men, or how offenders exploit power dynamics in conflict and post-conflict settings to achieve their sexual desires. As
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UAE-Pakistan Development Cooperation: A Model for South–South Cooperation in a Multipolar World Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Joshua Snider, Mohammad Waqas Jan
ABSTRACT This article examines the UAE-Pakistan relationship in areas related to the UAE’s role as one of Pakistan’s emerging development partners. We examine the ways in which this relationship has evolved and rather than repeating the frequently made argument that the relationship is coloured by a mix of resource imbalances and differences in perception, we argue that both states are poised to play
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Marketisation of Islam and politics of development in Bangladesh Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-02-10 Matt M Husain
ABSTRACT This article problematises the marketisation of Islam in Bangladesh and the relationship between neo-liberal economic policies and the resurgence of a certain kind of Islamic religiosity in the country. Based on the findings of three field studies that employed a multi-method approach, the article analyses the macro-cultural impacts of development as well as highlights the embedded, nuanced
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Civil society, peacebuilding from below and shrinking civic space: the case of Cameroon’s ‘Anglophone’ conflict Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2021-11-26 Nancy Annan, Maurice Beseng, Gordon Crawford, James Kiven Kewir
ABSTRACT This article focuses on the current conflict in Anglophone Cameroon and examines the role of civil society organisations (CSOs) in conflict resolution. In doing so, it explores a paradox in the peacebuilding literature. On the one hand, the ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding has emphasised a bottom-up approach that highlights the role of CSOs. On the other hand, the literature on ‘shrinking civic
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SDG16+ implementation in fragile and conflict-affected states: what do the data tell us six years into Agenda 2030? Conflict, Security & Development Pub Date : 2021-11-25 Stephen Baranyi, Yiagadeesen Samy, Bianca Washuta
ABSTRACT SDG16+ on peaceful societies, justice and strong institutions is often presented as a ‘strategic lever’ to enable the implementation of other SDGs, hence the ‘+’ often added to that goal. This is especially the case in fragile and conflict-affected states (FCAS) where violence and weak governance are seen as major constraints on development. Six years into Agenda 2030, this paper triangulates